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Lashaki EK, Mizani A, Hosseini SA, Habibi B, Taherkhani K, Javadi A, Taremiha A, Dodangeh S. Global prevalence of enterobiasis in young children over the past 20 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023; 14:441-450. [PMID: 38204424 PMCID: PMC10788413 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections are the most common diseases worldwide, and enterobiasis is a common parasitic infection in children. Various studies have reported on the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in different regions of the world. However, no study has gathered and analyzed this data systematically. Our systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the overall prevalence of E. vermicularis among children globally. Data were extracted from 4 available databases for studies published from January 2002 to April 2022. The quality of the included studies was scored based on the standard Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. A random-effect model was chosen to calculate the pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) according to the degree of heterogeneity in the included studies. Thus, 40 publications (42 data sets) that included 3,279 children with enterobiasis met all criteria and were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed that heterogeneity among the included studies was high (Q=4,399.35, I2=99.96%; df=41; p<0.001). The pooled global prevalence of enterobiasis among the studied children was 12.9% (95% CI, 8.2%-17.7%). Our systematic review and meta-analysis estimated that, for the past 20 years, 12.9% of children around the world have been infected with E. vermicularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kia Lashaki
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medical sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mizani
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Bentolhoda Habibi
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Taherkhani
- Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Javadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - AliReza Taremiha
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Booalisina Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Samira Dodangeh
- Children Growth Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Naqvi FA, Das JK, Salam RA, Raza SF, Lassi ZS, Bhutta ZA. Interventions for Neglected Tropical Diseases Among Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2022; 149:186947. [PMID: 35503336 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-053852e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of communicable diseases affecting the poorest populations around the world. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of interventions, including mass drug administration (MDA), water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), vector control, health education, and micronutrients supplementation, for NTDs among children and adolescents. METHODS We conducted a literature search on the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, and other databases until December 2020. We included randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies conducted among children and adolescents. Two authors independently screened studies for relevance. Two authors independently extracted data, assessed the risk of bias, performed metaanalysis, and rated the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. RESULTS We included 155 studies (231 articles) involving 262 299 participants. For soil-transmitted helminthiasis, MDA may reduce the prevalence of Ascaris, Trichuris, and hookworm by 58%, 36%, and 57%, respectively. We are uncertain of the effect of health education, WASH, and iron supplementation on soil-transmitted helminthiasis prevalence. For Schistosomiasis, health education probably reduces the intensity and prevalence of S. mansoni, whereas micronutrient supplementation may reduce anemia prevalence and the infection intensity of S. hematobium compared with no supplementation. We are uncertain of the effect of MDA and vector control on Schistosomiasis outcomes. For trachoma, health education probably reduces the prevalence of active Trachoma, whereas we are uncertain of the effect of MDA, WASH, and vector control on Trachoma outcomes. There is limited data on the effectiveness of interventions for NTDs targeting children and adolescents. CONCLUSION Future studies are needed to evaluate the relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of various interventions specifically targeting children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Abbas Naqvi
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jai K Das
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rehana A Salam
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Fatima Raza
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohra S Lassi
- Robinson Research Institute, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.,Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Shin H, Jung BK, Ryoo S, Hong S, Chang T, Park J, Lee KH, Lee J, Park JY, Jeoung HG, Cho JH, Chai JY. Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Preschool Children: A 12-Year (2008-2019) Survey in Large Cities and Provinces of the Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:421-426. [PMID: 34470095 PMCID: PMC8413852 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A 12-year nationwide survey (2008-2019) was performed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection among preschool children in Seoul, 4 large cites (Busan, Incheon, Daegu, and Ulsan), and 9 provinces (grouped into 5 localities) in the Republic of Korea (=Korea). The survey was carried out once a year by 16 regional offices of the Korea Association of Health Promotion. The cello-tape perianal swab method (1 smear per child) was applied to detect eggs of E. vermicularis and other helminths. According to the results, the egg positive rate of E. vermicularis infection in 2008-2009 was 1.8-2.0%, but it decreased gradually to 0.6% in 2019 (P<0.05). The prevalence was significantly higher in boys (0.7-5.0%, mean 1.8%) than in girls (0.5-2.8%, mean 1.3%) (P<0.05). The 2 most southern localities, Jejudo (Province) and Jeolla-do (inclusive of Jeollabuk-do and Jeollanam-do) and a mid-western province, Gyeonggi-do, revealed higher prevalences, whereas Seoul and Gangwon-do showed lower prevalences. The results indicate that a low-grade prevalence of E. vermicularis infection (less than 4%) has been maintained for the recent 12 years among preschool children in Korea. Continuous monitoring of enterobiasis in the child age group is necessary in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejoo Shin
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Seoul 07649,
Korea
| | | | | | - Sooji Hong
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Seoul 07649,
Korea
| | - Taehee Chang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Seoul 07649,
Korea
| | - Jiyeon Park
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Seoul 07649,
Korea
| | | | - Jeonggyu Lee
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Seoul 07649,
Korea
| | | | - Hoo-Gn Jeoung
- Head Office, Korea Association of Health Promotion (KAHP), Seoul 07649,
Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Cho
- Head Office, Korea Association of Health Promotion (KAHP), Seoul 07649,
Korea
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Seoul 07649,
Korea
- Head Office, Korea Association of Health Promotion (KAHP), Seoul 07649,
Korea
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
- Corresponding author ()
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The neglected role of Enterobius vermicularis in appendicitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232143. [PMID: 32324817 PMCID: PMC7179856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the main cause of appendicitis is unclear, infection with Enterobius vermicularis is suggested as a neglected risk factor. Since, there is no comprehensive analysis to estimate the prevalence of E. vermicularis in appendicitis; therefore, we conducted a global-scale systematic review and meta-analysis study to estimate the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection in appendicitis cases. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published until 15 August 2019. Pooled prevalence of E. vermicularis infection was estimated using the random effects model. Data were classified based on the continents and countries. Moreover, subgroup analyses regarding the gender, the human development index (HDI), and income level of countries were also performed. Fifty-nine studies involving 103195 appendix tissue samples belonging to the individuals of appendicitis were included. The pooled prevalence of E. vermicularis infection was (4%, 95%CI, 2–6%), with the highest prevalence (8%, 95% CI: 0–36%) and lowest prevalence (2%, 95% CI: 1–4%) in Africa and Americas continents, respectively. With respect to countries, the lowest and highest prevalence rates were reported from Venezuela (<1%, 95% CI: 0–1%) and Nigeria (33%, 95% CI: 17–52%), respectively. Indeed, a higher prevalence was observed in females, as well as in countries with lower levels of income and HDI. Our findings indicate the relatively high burden of E. vermicularis infection in appendicitis cases. However, our findings suggest the great need for more epidemiological studies to depth understand overlaps between E. vermicularis infection and appendicitis in countries with lower HDI and income levels.
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Moosazadeh M, Abedi G, Afshari M, Mahdavi SA, Farshidi F, Kheradmand E. Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among Children in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017; 8:108-115. [PMID: 28540154 PMCID: PMC5441434 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.2.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Enterobius vermicularis is a parasitic disease that is common in crowded areas such as schools and kindergartens. Primary investigations of electronic evidence have reported different prevalences of E. vermicularis in Iran. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the total prevalence of this infection among Iranian children using a meta-analysis. Methods Relevant studies were identified in national and international databases. We selected eligible papers for meta-analysis after investigating titles, abstracts, and full texts; assessing study quality; and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were extracted by two independent researchers. The results were combined using a random effects model in Stata v. 11 software. Results Among 19 eligible articles including 11,676 participants, the prevalences of E. vermicularis among all children, boys, and girls were 1.2%–66.1%, 2.3%–65.5%, and 1.7%–65.5%, respectively. Pooled prevalences (95% confidence interval) of E. vermicularis among all children, boys, and girls were 17.2% (12.6%–21.8%), 17.2% (12.6%–21.8%), and 16.9% (9.03%–24.8%), respectively. Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that a great majority of Iranian children are infected with E. vermicularis, possibly due to poor public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ghasem Abedi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Afshari
- Department of Community Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Seif Ali Mahdavi
- Amol Faculty of Paramedics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farshidi
- Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Elham Kheradmand
- Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis Among Children in Kindergartens and Primary Schools in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Li HM, Zhou CH, Li ZS, Deng ZH, Ruan CW, Zhang QM, Zhu TJ, Xu LQ, Chen YD. Risk factors for Enterobius vermicularis infection in children in Gaozhou, Guangdong, China. Infect Dis Poverty 2015; 4:28. [PMID: 26038691 PMCID: PMC4451960 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-015-0058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterobius vermicularis infection is a prevalent intestinal parasitic disease in children. In this study, we explored the epidemiological status and risk factors for E. vermicularis infection in children in southern China. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Gaozhou city, Guangdong province, China, in December 2011. Children aged 2-12 years from five schools participated in the study. The adhesive cellophane-tape perianal swab method was applied to detect E. vermicularis infection, while a questionnaire was sent to each child's guardian(s) to collect demographic and socioeconomic data, as well as hygiene behaviors, pertaining to each child. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to capture the potential risk factors. RESULTS Out of the 802 children surveyed, 440 were infected with E. vermicularis, with an average prevalence of 54.86 %, and a range from 45.96 to 68.13 %. The age variable was found to be statistically significant, whereas the sex variable was not. It was found that a mother's education level (low) and not washing hands before dinner were major risk factors in all children (802). After stratification by age, a father's education level (primary or below) and biting pencils (or toys) were significant risk factors in the younger children (508), while not washing hands before dinner and playing on the ground were important risk factors in the older children (294). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection in children in Gaozhou and reveals underlying risk factors. Most importantly, it reveals that risk factors differ among the different age groups, which indicates that different control measures targeted at particular age groups should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Li
- />National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborative Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Chang-Hai Zhou
- />National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborative Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Zhi-Shi Li
- />Gaozhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gaozhou, 515200 China
| | - Zhuo-Hui Deng
- />Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - Cai-Wen Ruan
- />Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - Qi-Ming Zhang
- />Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - Ting-Jun Zhu
- />National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborative Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Long-Qi Xu
- />National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborative Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Ying-Dan Chen
- />National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborative Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 China
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Kang S, Jeon HK, Eom KS, Park JK. Egg positive rate of Enterobius vermicularis among preschool children in Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2006; 44:247-9. [PMID: 16969064 PMCID: PMC2532658 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2006.44.3.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to determine the prevalence of pinworm infection, the egg positive rate of Enterobius vermicularis was examined using the adhesive cello-tape anal swab method in 1,512 preschool children sampled from a total of 20 kindergartens in Cheongju city, in November to December of 2004 (951 children from 13 kindergartens) and September to October of 2005 (561 from 7 kindergartens). The overall egg positive rate was found to be 7.9% (119/1,512); 9.3% (73/784) for boys and 6.3% (46/728) for girls, respectively. The 5-year age group evidenced the highest egg positive rate (10.9%, 47/430) among the examined age groups. As compared to those reported from previous works (ranged from 9.2 to 26.1%), the prevalence of E. vermicularis in the Cheongju city area is relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokha Kang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Park JH, Han ET, Kim WH, Shin EH, Guk SM, Kim JL, Chai JY. A survey of Enterobius vermicularis infection among children on western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2006; 43:129-34. [PMID: 16340301 PMCID: PMC2712016 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2005.43.4.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To determine the status of Enterobius vermicularis infection among children living on western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea, children (3-10 years) in 39 kindergartens and primary schools were examined using the cello-tape anal swab method, during July and August 2000. Of 1,661 children examined, 307 (18.5%) were found to be positive for E. vermicularis eggs. The highest infection rate (59.3%) was found in a kindergarten and a branch school of Shinyang primary school on Chujado, Jeju-do (Province). Remarkable differences in egg positive rates were observed in different localities. The egg positive rate for boys (21.3%) was significantly higher than that of girls (15.4%) (P = 0.02). However, positive rates were not significantly dependent on age. The results of the present study show that E. vermicularis infection is highly prevalent among pre-school and primary school children living on the western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea, and indicate the need for efforts to control this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwan Park
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Korea
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Kim BJ, Lee BY, Chung HK, Lee YS, Lee KH, Chung HJ, Ock MS. Egg positive rate of Enterobius vermicularis of primary school children in Geoje island. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2003; 41:75-7. [PMID: 12666734 PMCID: PMC2717486 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2003.41.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The status of pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) egg positive rate of primary school children in Geoje island was investigated by using adhesive cellotape anal swap method, in September, 2002. Total egg positive rates of E. vermicularis were 9.8% (74/754) and those of male and female were 10.8% and 8.7%, respectively. Among three schools examined, Myeongsa primary school showed the highest egg positive rate (12.6%) followed by Yeoncho [9.8% (26/266)] and Geoje [9.1% (35/385)]. As for the age groups, the 2nd grade had the highest egg positive rate (15.3%), whereas the 5th grade showed the lowest egg positive rate (2.6%). The above result led us to confirm that the egg positive rates of E. vermicularis in primary school children in Geoje island were not significantly different from the those in the whole country including urban and rural areas, showing more than 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Jin Kim
- Department of Parasitology, Kosin medical college, Busan 602-703, Korea
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Lee KJ, Ahn YK, Ryang YS. Enterobius vermicularis egg positive rates in primary school children in Gangwon-do (province), Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2001; 39:327-8. [PMID: 11775335 PMCID: PMC2721220 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2001.39.4.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A survey of the infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis among students in 4 primary schools located in Gangwon-do (Province) was done from May to June 2001. Among the 398 examinees, 39 (9.8%) were infected with E. vermicularis demonstrated by the adhesive cellotape anal swab method. The infection rates ranged from 8.3% to 11.8% among the four schools. The infection rate of males and females was 10.7% and 7.7% respectively. The first grade students showed the highest infection rate, 28.7%. The confirmed cases were treated with albendazole three times at an interval of 15 days. We were able to confirm that E. vermicularis infection is still prevalent among students in Gangwon-do, Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Lee
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-701, Korea
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Yoon HJ, Choi YJ, Lee SU, Park HY, Huh S, Yang YS. Enterobius vermicularis egg positive rate of pre-school children in Chunchon, Korea (1999). THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2000; 38:279-81. [PMID: 11138323 PMCID: PMC2721211 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2000.38.4.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pre-school children were examined for the presence of Enterobius vermicularis egg by perianal swab method. We visited 67 nurseries and 25 kindergartens between January, 1999 and April, 1999 in Chunchon, Korea. Of the 4,711 children examined, 434 (9.2%) were found to be positive for E. vermicularis egg. The egg positive rates of boys and girls were 10.1% and 8.1%, respectively. The rates were 7.8% in kindergartens and 9.7% in nurseries. Positive rate of 50 institutions was less than 10%. Rate in 35 institutions was from 10% to less than 20%. Rate in 7 institutions was equal to or over 20%. Out of 1,113 children examined twice, 28 (2.5%) children were positive consecutively, 53 (4.8%) were positive with negative conversion, 47 (4.2%) were negative with positive conversion, and 985 (88.5%) were consecutively negative. It means that in the low endemic area of enterobiasis with around 10% positive rate, the two consecutive examinations may increase the egg detection rate of 4.2-4.8%. The small number of consecutive egg positive children also suggests that the worm burden of the positive children might be low. Since the egg positive rate of that age group in this City increased from 1.85% (1997), and 3.0% (1998), the more intensive regular control should be executed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Yoon
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Korea
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