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Zhang L, Li H, Wang T, Wang Z, Wu Y, Guo S, Li W, Zhou Y, Xue H, You J. Association between peripheral eosinophilia, JESREC score, and olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334656. [PMID: 38327522 PMCID: PMC10847329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose was to evaluate the relationship between peripheral eosinophilia, Japan Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (JESREC) score, and olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients and to explore the accuracy and specific cut points of the JESREC score in predicting olfactory dysfunction. Methods In this cross-sectional, retrospective study, olfactory function was assessed by the Sniffin' Sticks 12-item test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to derive accuracy and cutoff values for the JESREC scores of the olfactory dysfunction criterion. Results A total of 354 patients [mean (SD) age, 50.0 (14.9) years; 41.8% women] were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was 46.3%. Individuals who had olfactory dysfunction were more likely to be male (64.6% vs. 52.6%), have eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) (39.0% vs. 7.9%), have a longer course of CRS (2.3 years vs. 1.5 years), have higher JESREC scores (8.5 vs. 4.5), and have higher proportions of nasal polyps (78.7% vs. 18.9%) and peripheral eosinophilia (3.3% vs. 1.4%). In logistic analysis, the percentage of eosinophils (1.25, 1.13-1.37), JESREC score (1.31, 1.22-1.40), bilateral lesion (2.06, 1.25-3.41), nasal polyps (15.83, 9.23-27.16), CT shadow (2.73, 1.69-4.43), and ECRS (6.86, 3.68-12.80) were associated with olfactory dysfunction in CRS patients after controlling for covariates, while peripheral neutrophils were not significant. In addition, the area under the curve was 0.778 and the cutoff value for JESREC score for olfactory dysfunction was defined as 5.5. Conclusions Peripheral eosinophilia and high JESREC scores were significantly associated with the risk of olfactory dysfunction in CRS patients, and special attention should be paid to patients with a JESREC score ≥6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Siquan Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yeru Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Haixiang Xue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang You
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Ali A, Fakunle DR, Yu V, McDermott S, Previtera MJ, Meier JC, Phillips KM, Sedaghat AR. Heterogeneity in the definition of chronic rhinosinusitis disease control: a systematic review of the scientific literature. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:5345-5352. [PMID: 37378726 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disease control is conceptually recognized to be an important outcome measure for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, inconsistent usage is a significant factor in disadoption of important concepts and it is presently unclear how consistently the construct of CRS 'control' is being defined/applied. The objective of this study was to determine the heterogeneity of CRS disease control definitions in the scientific literature. METHODS Systematic review of PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception through December 31, 2022. Included studies used CRS disease control as an explicitly stated outcome measure. The definitions of CRS disease control were collected. RESULTS Thirty-one studies were identified with more than half published in 2021 or later. Definitions of CRS control were variable, although 48.4% of studies used the EPOS (2012 or 2020) criteria to define control, 14 other unique definitions of CRS disease control were also implemented. Most studies included the burden CRS symptoms (80.6%), need for antibiotics or systemic corticosteroids (77.4%) or nasal endoscopy findings (61.3%) as criteria in their definitions of CRS disease control. However, the specific combination of these criteria and prior time periods over which they were assessed were highly variable. CONCLUSION CRS disease control is not consistently defined in the scientific literature. Although many studies conceptually treated 'control' as the goal of CRS treatment, 15 different criteria were used to define CRS disease control, representing significant heterogeneity. Scientific derivation of criteria and collaborative consensus building are needed for the development of a widely-accepted and -applied definition of CRS disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad Ali
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0528, USA
| | - Damilola R Fakunle
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0528, USA
| | - Victor Yu
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Sean McDermott
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0528, USA
| | - Melissa J Previtera
- Health Sciences Library, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Josh C Meier
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
- Nevada ENT and Hearing Associates, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Katie M Phillips
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0528, USA
| | - Ahmad R Sedaghat
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0528, USA.
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Cai S, Lou H, Zhang L. Prognostic factors for post-operative outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a systematic review. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:867-881. [PMID: 37225659 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2218089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has a high recurrence rate after surgery despite the availability of medical treatments. Multiple clinical and biological factors have been associated with poor post-operative outcomes in patients with CRSwNP. However, these factors and their prognostic values have not yet been extensively summarized. AREAS COVERED This systematic review included 49 cohort studies exploring the prognostic factors for post-operative outcomes in CRSwNP. A total of 7802 subjects and 174 factors were included. All investigated factors were classified into three categories according to their predictive value and evidence quality, of which 26 factors were considered plausible for post-operative outcome prediction. Previous nasal surgery, ethmoid-to-maxillary (E/M) ratio, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, tissue eosinophil count or percentage, tissue neutrophil count, tissue IL-5, tissue eosinophil cationic protein, and CLC or IgE in nasal secretion provided more reliable information for prognosis in at least two studies. EXPERT OPINION Exploring predictors through noninvasive or minimally invasive methods for specimen collection is recommended for future work. Models combining multiple factors must be established, as no single factor is effective for the whole population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiru Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Delemarre T, Bachert C. Neutrophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 23:14-21. [PMID: 36539379 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over the last years, extensive research has been done on neutrophils and their contribution in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and made it clear that they are more than just a bystander in this disease. In this article, we will review all recent publications on this topic and look to what the future hold regarding therapeutics targeting the neutrophilic inflammation in CRS. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence is growing that the presence of neutrophils are associated with a worse disease outcome in certain CRS patient groups. They are highly activated in type 2 inflammations and exhibit damaging properties through their proteases, contributing to the chronicity of the disease. Several recent studies identified useful biomarkers and targets for future therapeutics. SUMMARY The findings we review in this manuscript are of utmost importance in unraveling the complexity of CRS and provide us with the necessary knowledge for future clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Delemarre
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, China
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Zielińska-Bliźniewska H, Paprocka-Zjawiona M, Merecz-Sadowska A, Zajdel R, Bliźniewska-Kowalska K, Malinowska K. Serum IL-5, POSTN and IL-33 levels in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis correlate with clinical severity. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:33. [PMID: 35752781 PMCID: PMC9233770 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by epithelial inflammation and tissue eosinophilic infiltration. IL-5, POSTN, and IL-33 are important factors that act as chemoattractants for eosinophils, and a tissue-remodeling protein positively correlated with eosinophils in blood and mediators of eosinophilic infiltration. The aim of the study was to determine the expression of IL-5, POSTN and IL-33, at the gene and protein levels, in eosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and to correlate this expression with clinical severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 40 CRSwNP patients and 53 CRSsNP patients and 40 control subjects. The expression of IL-5, POSTN and IL-33 mRNA was determined in sinonasal mucosal samples and in nasal polyp tissue by real-time PCR. Protein levels in the serum of CRSwNP patients were measured by ELISA. Computed tomography was evaluated according to Lund-Mackay scores, and visual analog scale scores were assessed. RESULTS NP tissue demonstrated significantly higher IL-5 and POSTN mRNA expression than the sinonasal tissue in the CRSsNP and CRSwNP groups. CRS groups demonstrated elevated IL-33 mRNA expression in comparison to controls irrespective of the presence of NP. No correlation was found between IL-5, POSTN and IL-33 mRNA expression and disease severity. CRSwNP group demonstrated significantly higher serum IL-5, POSTN and IL-33 protein levels than controls, and this corresponds to disease severity. CONCLUSION Serum IL-5, POSTN and IL-33 levels may be important markers for classification of eosinophilic CRSwNP patients, along with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Paprocka-Zjawiona
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Malinowska
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725, Lodz, Poland
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Kim DH, Kim SW, Basurrah MA, Hwang SH. Clinical and laboratory features for various criteria of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 15:230-246. [PMID: 35413170 PMCID: PMC9441508 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2022.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the differences in clinical and laboratory features between eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) and non-ECRS and to compare the diagnostic criteria for ECRS.Methods: We compared clinical features and/or laboratory findings classified as ECRS and non-ECRS according to various diagnostic criteria (histological and clinical criteria). In addition, we analyzed studies to compare endoscopic findings, symptom scores, laboratory findings, and computed tomography (CT) findings between ECRS and non-ECRS. Results: Our search included 55 studies with 6,143 patients. As a result of comparing clinical features and/or laboratory criteria with histological criteria, there were no significant differences regarding nasal symptom scores and CT scores according to criteria. Serum eosinophil levels showed differences according to criteria, however, ECRS were higher serum eosinophil levels than non-ECRS in all criteria. In the case of olfactory dysfunction, JESREC and tissue eosinophilia (
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Brescia G, Contro G, Ruaro A, Frigo AC, Barion U, Marioni G. Preoperative Sinonasal Computed Tomography Score in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Tomography 2022; 8:77-88. [PMID: 35076618 PMCID: PMC8788565 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between sinonasal inflammatory involvement according to the computed tomography (CT) staging system (Lund–Mackay score) with clinical, laboratory, histopathological and prognostic features of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Seventy-eight patients with CRSwNP who had undergone surgery were enrolled. Total (p = 0.0062), ethmoid (p = 0.0496), sphenoid (p = 0.0335), ostiomeatal complex (OMC) (p = 0.0235) and frontal (p = 0.0164) CT scores were predictive of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) in the univariate analysis. Total (p = 0.0022), ethmoid (p = 0.0290), sphenoid (p = 0.0370), frontal (p = 0.0116), maxillary (p = 0.0357) and OMC (p = 0.0058) CT scores were predictve of asthma at the univariate analysis. No significant differences were found between patients with vs. without allergy in terms of total and partial CT scores. High blood eosinophil counts (>0.24 vs. ≤0.24 cells × 109/L) resulted in being associated with total (p = 0.0213), maxillary (p = 0.0227) and ethmoid (p = 0.0491) CT scores in the univariate analysis. Higher ethmoid (p = 0.0006) and total sinonasal (p = 0.0027) CT scores were found to predict histopathologically eosinophil CRSwNPs in the univariate analysis. CT scores did not result as predictive of NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease, asthma, or blood eosinophil count at the multivariate analysis. Risk of relapse was related to the presence of NERD (p = 0.0207, HR [95% CI] 3.914 [1.232–12.435]), higher preoperative total (HR = 1.098 95%CI: 1.001–1.204, p = 0.0486) and frontal sinus CT scores (HR = 1.555 95%CI: 1.006–1.886, p = 0.0218), but these results were not confirmed by the multivariable analysis. Sinonasal CT scores showed significant differences in this heterogeneous inflammatory condition. Identifying CRSwNP characteristics is necessary to avoid generic treatments with poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Brescia
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (A.R.); (U.B.)
| | - Giacomo Contro
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (A.R.); (U.B.)
| | - Alessandra Ruaro
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (A.R.); (U.B.)
| | - Anna Chiara Frigo
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Umberto Barion
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (A.R.); (U.B.)
| | - Gino Marioni
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.); (A.R.); (U.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8212029
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Min JY, Kim YM, Kim DW, Kim JW, Kim JK, Mo JH, Shin JM, Cho KS, Kwak S, Shin SH. Risk Model Establishment of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis: a Multicenter Study in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e264. [PMID: 34664801 PMCID: PMC8524236 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the mainstay treatment for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Since various factors may contribute to the surgical outcome, it is challenging for physicians to predict surgical outcomes. The aim of study was to analyze the prognostic factors of postoperative outcomes and to establish the prediction model with the risk factors that impact the postoperative outcomes. METHODS Medical records of CRS patients who underwent ESS at 9 institutions in 2005, 2010, and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. We classified the patients into 2 groups based on postoperative objective endoscopic outcomes. Demographics, nose-specific symptoms, olfactory function, eosinophil counts in blood (EoB) and nasal tissue (EoT), and Lund-Mackay CT score (LMS) were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed and established a prediction equation for postoperative endoscopic objective outcomes. RESULTS In total (n = 1,249), 27.0% were not satisfied under postoperative endoscopic examination. Of 10 variables, LMS (> 5), sinus dominancy (maxillary sinus and ethmoid sinus), EoB (> 210), and EoT (> 100) were statistically significant in univariate analysis (P < 0.05, all). In multivariate analysis, EoT (> 100) and LMS (> 5) were significantly associated with poor postoperative outcome. Furthermore, 5 significant variables were employed to establish the risk model of postoperative outcomes and P (the value of prediction probability) = 1 / (1 + exp [-0.392 + 1.088 × EoT (> 100) + 0.123 × mean LMS (> 5) - 0.366 × sinus dominancy (maxillary) + 0.064 × sinus dominancy (similar) + 0.200 × EoB (4%) + 0.344 × EoB (> 210)] was developed. CONCLUSION Tissue eosinophil count and radiographic severity predispose to a poorer outcome of ESS and the risk model established may be helpful to predict postoperative outcomes of ESS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Min
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Whun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kook Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Mo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Dankook University, College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sup Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sanggyu Kwak
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea.
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Th2 inflammatory responses in the development of nasal polyps and chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 20:1-8. [PMID: 31567293 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pathogenesis of nasal polyp has been largely studied based on innate and adaptive immunity of sinonasal mucosa. So far, various factors have been identified that trigger an inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. In this review, we summarized recently updated information in the understanding of mechanisms in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) focusing on Th2 inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS Endotype of CRSwNP presented mainly Th2-skewed inflammation, and it has been associated with refractoriness and comorbidities. Staphylococcus aureus can drive Th2 inflammation by producing enterotoxins and serine protease-like protein. Moreover, S. aureus directly affected mucosal barrier function and enhanced Th2 cytokine production by fast induction of epithelial-derived innate cytokines. Epithelial-derived innate cytokines, including TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33, promote Th2 responses via the development of innate lymphoid cells. Mast cell expresses IL-5, IL-13, and periostin, and it plays a role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps through orchestrating eosinophil infiltration. Formation of eosinophil extracellular traps and Charcot-Leyden crystals is strongly associated with disease severity and viscous mucus plug production. Therefore, it needs to be investigated mechanistically. The role of neutrophils in Th2 inflammation has been poorly understood but appears to enhance Th2 inflammation and make it more resistant to steroid therapy. SUMMARY There is growing evidence of the role of S. aureus in innate and adaptive immunity, which contribute to Th2 inflammation in CRSwNP. Innate immunity, including epithelial-derived cytokines, plays a crucial role in the development of CRSwNP by inducing various pathways and need to be investigated more as Th2-targeted biomarkers. Recently, the role of neutrophilic inflammation in Th2 inflammation has started to be studied but still remains unclear.
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Kim JY, Lim S, Lim HS, Kim YS, Eun KM, Khalmuratova R, Seo Y, Kim JK, Kim YS, Kim MK, Jin S, Han SC, Pyo S, Hong SN, Park JW, Shin HW, Kim DW. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 as a novel biomarker for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:461-472.e13. [PMID: 33667477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are members of the TGF-β superfamily, regulate bone remodeling by stimulating osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Although the association between osteitis and poor surgical outcomes is well known in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), BMPs have not been fully investigated as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of CRS. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the role of BMPs in osteitis in patients with CRS with nasal polyps (NPs) (CRSwNPs), as well as associations between BMPs and inflammatory markers in sinonasal tissues from patients with CRSwNP. METHODS We investigated the expression of 6 BMPs (BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6, BMP-7, BMP-9, and BMP-10) and their cellular origins in NPs of human subjects by using immunohistochemistry and ELISA of NP tissues. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify associations between BMPs and inflammatory markers. Air-liquid interface cell culture of human nasal epithelial cells was performed to evaluate the induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by BMPs. RESULTS Of the 6 BMPs studied, BMP-2 and BMP-7 were associated with refractoriness. Only BMP-2 concentrations were higher in patients with severe osteitis and advanced disease extent according to the computed tomography findings. Eosinophils and some macrophages were identified as cellular sources of BMP-2 in immunofluorescence analysis. An in vitro experiment revealed that BMP-2 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in air-liquid interface-cultured human nasal epithelial cells, particularly in a TH2 milieu. CONCLUSION BMP-2 could reflect the pathophysiology of mucosa and bone remodeling and may be a novel biomarker for refractory CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Youp Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Medical Informatics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suha Lim
- Obstructive Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Suk Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yi-Sook Kim
- Obstructive Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Eun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roza Khalmuratova
- Obstructive Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuju Seo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Kon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Seok Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Siyeon Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suyeon Pyo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-No Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Obstructive Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- Obstructive Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lyly A, Laulajainen‐Hongisto A, Turpeinen H, Vento SI, Myller J, Numminen J, Sillanpää S, Sahlman J, Kauppi P, Toppila‐Salmi S. Factors affecting upper airway control of NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease: A real-world study of 167 patients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:80-89. [PMID: 33400396 PMCID: PMC7860608 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is a triad with asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and NSAID intolerance. Uncontrolled N-ERD forms a major public health problem due to frequent and difficult-to-treat exacerbations and/or requiring putatively frequent endoscopic sinus surgeries (ESS). Our aim was to study factors affecting control of N-ERD. METHODS Retrospective patient record data (patient characteristics, prior sinus surgeries, follow-up data in 2020) from 167 N-ERD patients undergoing consultation at three tertiary hospitals from 2001 to 2017 was used. Outcome measurements reflecting uncontrolled N-ERD were revision ESS, corticosteroids/biological therapy, and antibiotic courses during 2016-2020. Associations were analyzed by using nonparametric tests, Cox's proportional hazard, and binary logistic regression models. RESULTS Nasal polyp eosinophilia increased the risk of revision surgery during the follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.21, confidence interval 1.23-8.38). Also baseline oral corticosteroids (OCS; HR, 1.73, 1.04-2.89) and baseline surgery without total ethmoidectomy increased the risk of revision ESS (HR, 2.17, 1.07-4.42) in unadjusted models. In addition, both baseline OCS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.78, 1.23-6.26) and a history of ≥4 previous ESS (aOR, 2.15, 0.98-4.70) were associated with the use of OCS/biological therapy during the follow-up, but not with high number of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Nasal polyp eosinophilia, baseline OCS, and a history of recurrent ESS predict uncontrolled N-ERD. These factors might be clinically useful in risk-estimation of uncontrolled disease and for organizing follow-ups. Prospective cohort studies with larger sample size are needed to further study the factors affecting the upper airway control of N-ERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Lyly
- Inflammation Center, Skin and Allergy HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Anu Laulajainen‐Hongisto
- Inflammation Center, Skin and Allergy HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Heikki Turpeinen
- Inflammation Center, Skin and Allergy HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Seija I. Vento
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jyri Myller
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyPäijät‐Häme Central HospitalLahtiFinland
| | - Jura Numminen
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyUniversity of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Saara Sillanpää
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyUniversity of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Johanna Sahlman
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Paula Kauppi
- Inflammation Center, Skin and Allergy HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sanna Toppila‐Salmi
- Inflammation Center, Skin and Allergy HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Medicum, Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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