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Tian J, Meng J, Yang Z, Song L, Jiang X, Zou J. Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma: classification and prognostic model based on programmed cell death genes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1411161. [PMID: 38799437 PMCID: PMC11116790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1411161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Instruction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Programmed cell death (PCD) is a critical process in suppressing tumor growth, and alterations in PCD-related genes may contribute to the progression of HBV-HCC. This study aims to develop a prognostic model that incorporates genomic and clinical information based on PCD-related genes, providing novel insights into the molecular heterogeneity of HBV-HCC through bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Methods In this study, we analyzed 139 HBV-HCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and validated them with 30 samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Various bioinformatics tools, including differential expression analysis, gene set variation analysis, and machine learning algorithms were used for comprehensive analysis of RNA sequencing data from HBV-HCC patients. Furthermore, among the PCD-related genes, we ultimately chose DLAT for further research on tissue chips and patient cohorts. Besides, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were conducted. Results The cluster analysis identified three distinct subgroups of HBV-HCC patients. Among them, Cluster 2 demonstrated significant activation in DNA replication-related pathways and tumor-related processes. Analysis of copy number variations (CNVs) of PCD-related genes also revealed distinct patterns in the three subgroups, which may be associated with differences in pathway activation and survival outcomes. DLAT in tumor tissues of HBV-HCC patients is upregulated. Discussion Based on the PCD-related genes, we developed a prognostic model that incorporates genomic and clinical information and provided novel insights into the molecular heterogeneity of HBV-HCC. In our study, we emphasized the significance of PCD-related genes, particularly DLAT, which was examined in vitro to explore its potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xinyi Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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2
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Raghav A, Jeong GB. Nanoquercetin and Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Anticancer Therapeutics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2024; 13:638. [PMID: 38607076 PMCID: PMC11011524 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite world-class sophisticated technologies, robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning approaches, cancer-associated mortalities and morbidities have shown continuous increments posing a healthcare burden. Drug-based interventions were associated with systemic toxicities and several limitations. Natural bioactive compounds derived nanoformulations, especially nanoquercetin (nQ), are alternative options to overcome drug-associated limitations. Moreover, the EVs-based cargo targeted delivery of nQ can have enormous potential in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). EVs-based nQ delivery synergistically regulates and dysregulates several pathways, including NF-κB, p53, JAK/STAT, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/AKT, along with PBX3/ERK1/2/CDK2, and miRNAs intonation. Furthermore, discoveries on possible checkpoints of anticancer signaling pathways were studied, which might lead to the development of modified EVs infused with nQ for the development of innovative treatments for HCC. In this work, we abridged the control of such signaling systems using a synergetic strategy with EVs and nQ. The governing roles of extracellular vesicles controlling the expression of miRNAs were investigated, particularly in relation to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Goo Bo Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Getbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
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3
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Cho Y, Kim BH, Park JW. The emerging age-pattern changes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:99-101. [PMID: 36300329 PMCID: PMC9845682 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Cho
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Kim
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Joong-Won Park
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea,Corresponding author : Joong-Won Park Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea Tel: +82-31-920-1605, Fax: +82-31-920-1520, E-mail:
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4
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Song M, Liu T, Liu H, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Ma X, Cao L, Shi H. Association between metabolic syndrome, C-reactive protein, and the risk of primary liver cancer: a large prospective study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:853. [PMID: 35927639 PMCID: PMC9351132 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09939-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are known to be associated with an increased incidence of different cancers. We aimed to evaluate the effect of MetS combined with high hs-CRP levels on the risk of primary liver cancer (PLC). Methods Participants were recruited from the Kailuan cohort study and were classified into four groups according to the presence or absence of MetS and inflammation (hs-CRP ≥ 3 or < 3 mg/L). The associations of MetS and inflammation with the risk of PLC were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results This study included 92,770 participants. The mean age was 51.4 years old. Over a median follow-up of 13.02 years, 395 participants were diagnosed as PLC. Compared to the control participants without inflammation (hs-CRP < 3 mg/L) and MetS (n = 69,413), participants with high hs-CRP levels combined with MetS (n = 2,269) had a higher risk of PLC [hazard ratios (HR) 2.91; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.77–4.81], and participants with high hs-CRP levels and without MetS (n = 14,576) had the same trend (HR, 1.36; 95%CI, 1.05–1.75). However, participants with low hs-CRP levels and MetS (n = 6,512) had no significant association with an elevated risk of PLC (HR, 1.18; 95%CI, 0.76–1.82). After excluding participants who had cancer during the first year of follow-up, sensitivity analysis showed the same trend. In addition, co-occurrence of MetS and high hs-CRP levels had significant interactive effects on the risk of PLC between the sexes (P < 0.001) and the patients with HBV infection (P = 0.012). Conclusions Participants with co-occurrence of MetS and high hs-CRP levels have an elevated risk of PLC. Trial registration Kailuan study, ChiCTR–TNRC–11001489. Registered 24 August, 2011-Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=8050 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09939-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Xiangming Ma
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Liying Cao
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China. .,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, 100038, China.
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5
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Cho Y, Cho EJ, Yoo JJ, Chang Y, Chung GE, Choi IY, Park SH, Han K, Kim YJ, Yoon JH, Shin DW, Yu SJ. The Importance of Metabolic Syndrome Status for the Risk of Non-Viral Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:863352. [PMID: 35600376 PMCID: PMC9116136 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.863352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been suggested. However, no studies have yet looked at how the risk of developing HCC varies with changes in MetS status. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between changes in MetS and subsequent HCC development. Data were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. In this study, 5,975,308 individuals who participated in health screenings both in 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 were included. Individuals with preexisting viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or cancer diagnoses were excluded. Subjects were divided into four groups according to change in MetS status during the 2-year interval screening (from 2009 to 2011): sustained non-MetS, transition to MetS, transition to non-MetS, and sustained MetS. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the hazard ratios of HCC. The subjects were followed through December 31, 2018. During a median of 7.3 years of follow-up, 25,880 incident HCCs were identified. Compared to the sustained non-MetS group, age, sex, smoking, alcohol, regular exercise, and body mass index-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for HCC development were 1.01 (0.97-1.05) for the transition to MetS group, 1.05 (1.003-1.09) for the transition to non-MetS group, and 1.07 (1.03-1.10) for the sustained MetS group. Stratified analyses according to age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease showed similar results. A significantly increased HCC risk was observed in the sustained MetS and transition to non-MetS groups. The baseline status of MetS was associated with the risk of HCC development. Strategies to improve MetS, especially targeting insulin resistance, might prevent HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Young Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Goh Eun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Gangnam Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Young Choi
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Supportive Care Center/Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Jong Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Bursatella leachii Purple Ink Secretion Concentrate Exerts Cytotoxic Properties against Human Hepatocarcinoma Cell Line (HepG2): In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030826. [PMID: 35164089 PMCID: PMC8839718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a leading cause of cancer death globally. Marine mollusc-derived drugs have gained attention as potential natural-based anti-cancer agents to overcome the side effects caused by conventional chemotherapeutic drugs during cancer therapy. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, the main biomolecules in the purple ink secretion released by the sea hare, named Bursatella leachii (B. leachii), were identified as hectochlorin, malyngamide X, malyngolide S, bursatellin and lyngbyatoxin A. The cytotoxic effects of B. leachii ink concentrate against human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells were determined to be dose- and time-dependent, and further exploration of the underlying mechanisms causing the programmed cell death (apoptosis) were performed. The expression of cleaved-caspase-8 and cleaved-caspase-3, key cysteine-aspartic proteases involved in the initiation and completion of the apoptosis process, appeared after HepG2 cell exposure to the B. leachii ink concentrate. The gene expression levels of pro-apoptotic BAX, TP53 and Cyclin D1 were increased after treatment with the B. leachii ink concentrate. Applying in silico approaches, the high scores predicted that bioactivities for the five compounds were protease and kinase inhibitors. The ADME and cytochrome profiles for the compounds were also predicted. Altogether, the B. leachii ink concentrate has high pro-apoptotic potentials, suggesting it as a promising safe natural product-based drug for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Kim TS, Lee M, Park M, Kim SY, Shim MS, Lee CY, Choi DH, Cho Y. Metformin and Dichloroacetate Suppress Proliferation of Liver Cancer Cells by Inhibiting mTOR Complex 1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810027. [PMID: 34576192 PMCID: PMC8467948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect is important for cancer cell proliferation. This phenomenon can be flexible by interaction between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation for energy production. We aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, dichloroacetate (DCA) and the mitochondrial respiratory complex I inhibitor metformin in liver cancer cells. The anticancer effect of DCA and/or metformin on HepG2, PLC/PRF5 human liver cancer cell lines, MH-134 murine hepatoma cell lines, and primary normal hepatocytes using MTT assay. Inhibition of lactate/ATP production and intracellular reactive oxygen species generation by DCA and metformin was investigated. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR complex I was evaluated to see whether it occurred through AMPK signaling. Anticancer effects of a combination treatment of DCA and metformin were evaluated in HCC murine model. The results showed that metformin and DCA effectively induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells. A combination treatment of metformin and DCA did not affect viability of primary normal hepatocytes. Metformin upregulated glycolysis in liver cancer cells, thereby increasing sensitivity to the DCA treatment. Metformin and DCA inhibited mTOR complex I signaling through upregulated AMPK-independent REDD1. In addition, metformin and DCA increased reactive oxygen species levels in liver cancer cells, which induced apoptosis. A combination treatment of metformin and DCA significantly suppressed the tumor growth of liver cancer cells using in vivo xenograft model. Taken together, the combined treatment of metformin and DCA suppressed the growth of liver cancer cells. This strategy may be effective for patients with advanced liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (T.S.K.); (C.Y.L.); (D.H.C.)
| | - Minjong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul 07804, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-6986-1761 (M.L.); +82-31-920-1605 (Y.C.)
| | - Minji Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul 07804, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul 06135, Korea
| | - Sae Yun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Min Suk Shim
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Chea Yeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (T.S.K.); (C.Y.L.); (D.H.C.)
| | - Dae Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (T.S.K.); (C.Y.L.); (D.H.C.)
| | - Yuri Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul 06135, Korea
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-6986-1761 (M.L.); +82-31-920-1605 (Y.C.)
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8
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Chun HS, Park S, Lee M, Cho Y, Kim HS, Choe AR, Kim HY, Yoo K, Kim TH. Association of Physical Activity with the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143424. [PMID: 34298640 PMCID: PMC8306325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although viral replication in patients with a chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is effectively suppressed by potent antiviral therapy such as entecavir or tenofovir, the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in CHB patients cannot be totally eliminated. Thus, control of modifiable risk factors for HCC development such as lifestyle modification is important to minimize the HCC risk. In this study, we analyzed a nationwide population-based cohort to evaluate whether there is a significant association between physical activity and development of HCC in CHB patients treated with entecavir or tenofovir. Results in this study suggest that physical activity was significantly associated with a lower risk of HCC development in CHB patients treated with potent antiviral therapy. Increasing physical activity can have beneficial outcomes on HCC development in CHB patients treated with entecavir or tenofovir. Abstract Background and Aims: In the general population, previous studies reported that physical activity was associated with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, it is unclear whether physical activity is associated with risk of HCC development in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We aimed to elucidate the association between physical activity and risk of HCC development in CHB patients. Methods: This nationwide cohort study involved treatment-naive patients with CHB (n = 9727) who started treatment with entecavir or tenofovir and answered self-reported questionnaires between January 2012 and December 2017, using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The primary endpoint was development of HCC. Multivariable Cox regression and competing risk analyses were used. Results: During a median follow-up of 3.1 years, cumulative HCC incidence rates were 8.3%. There was an inverse association between physical activity and the risk of HCC (p < 0.001). Patients with 1000–1500 metabolic equivalent task (MET)-min/week, compared to those without physical activity, showed a significantly lower risk of HCC in both patients without cirrhosis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.66, p = 0.02) and patients with cirrhosis (aHR 0.61, p = 0.02). In patients who were younger (<60), male, without diabetes, and with high BMI, amounts of physical activity of 1000–1500 MET-min/week showed an inverse association with the risk of HCC (aHR 0.65, 0.63, 0.65, and 0.64, respectively, all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Physical activity was significantly associated with a low risk of HCC in CHB patients treated with entecavir or tenofovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Soo Chun
- Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.S.C.); (A.R.C.); (H.Y.K.); (K.Y.)
| | - Sojeong Park
- Data Science Team, Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul 05545, Korea; (S.P.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Minjong Lee
- Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.S.C.); (A.R.C.); (H.Y.K.); (K.Y.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (T.H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-6986-1761 (M.L.); +82-2-6986-1621 (T.H.K.)
| | - Yuri Cho
- National Cancer Center, Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, Goyang 10408, Korea;
| | - Ha Sung Kim
- Data Science Team, Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul 05545, Korea; (S.P.); (H.S.K.)
| | - A Reum Choe
- Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.S.C.); (A.R.C.); (H.Y.K.); (K.Y.)
| | - Hwi Young Kim
- Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.S.C.); (A.R.C.); (H.Y.K.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kwon Yoo
- Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.S.C.); (A.R.C.); (H.Y.K.); (K.Y.)
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.S.C.); (A.R.C.); (H.Y.K.); (K.Y.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (T.H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-6986-1761 (M.L.); +82-2-6986-1621 (T.H.K.)
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Knockdown of Atg7 suppresses Tumorigenesis in a murine model of liver cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101158. [PMID: 34174688 PMCID: PMC8243000 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of autophagy in liver cancer is controversial. Autophagy gene, Atg7 is a key regulator for autophagy process. Transgenic mouse model for liver cancer can be generated via simple transgenic methodology called “Hydrodynamic Tail Vein Injection”. Genetic suppression of Atg7 significantly suppressed development of liver cancer induced by activated RAS.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Studies have shown that autophagy is significantly involved in carcinogenesis, in particular, driven by activated RAS signaling. Autophagy related 7 (Atg7) is a critical component for the formation of autophagosome and required for autophagy processes. We investigated the role of autophagy in RAS-driven tumorigenesis in the liver, via the knockdown of Atg7 in the model. Transposon vectors encoding short hairpin RNAs targeting Atg7 (Atg7 shRNA) were constructed. Inhibition of autophagy via Atg7 knockdown was tested in Hep3B cells cultured in nutrient-starved medium. Formation of autophagosome was suppressed in nutrient-starved Hep3B cells expressing Atg7 shRNA, demonstrating that it efficiently inhibited autophagy in HCC cells. Transposons encoding Atg7 shRNA were mixed with those expressing HRASG12V and p53 shRNA, and subsequently used for hydrodynamic injection to 5-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Tumorigenesis in livers induced by HRASG12V and p53 shRNA was significantly suppressed by Atg7 knockdown. The inhibition of autophagy led to a decreased proliferation of cancer cells, as determined by Ki-67 staining. Our data indicate that knockdown of Atg7 led to a significant decrease in tumorigenesis in a murine HCC model induced by activated RAS. Inhibition of autophagosome formation is expected to be a therapeutic option for liver cancer.
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10
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Oh JH, Lee JH, Cho MS, Kim H, Chun J, Lee JH, Yoon Y, Kang W. Characterization of Gut Microbiome in Korean Patients with Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031013. [PMID: 33801023 PMCID: PMC8004024 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new concept where the presence of both fatty liver and metabolic abnormality are necessary for diagnosis. Several studies have reported that altered gut microbiome is closely associated with metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the studies on MAFLD population are scarce. This prospective study aimed to identify differences in gut microbiome between patients with MAFLD and healthy controls in Korean population. In this study, patients with MAFLD and age, sex-matched healthy controls were included, and their stool samples were collected. Taxonomic composition of gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid pyrosequencing. Twenty-two MAFLD patients and 44 healthy controls were included. Taxonomic diversity was lower in patients with MAFLD in the aspect of alpha and beta diversity. The differences were also found at phylum, class, family, and genus levels between the two groups. Phylum Proteobacteria, family Enterobactereriaceae, genus Citrobacter abundance was significantly increased and genus Faecalibacterium was significantly decreased in patients with MAFLD. In addition, butyrate-producing bacteria were decreased and ethanol-producing bacteria were increased in patients with MAFLD. The composition of gut microbiome was different between MAFLD and healthy controls in Korean population. This could offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention in MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Oh
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.H.O.); (J.H.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Korea
| | - Je Hee Lee
- ChunLab, Inc., Seoul 06194, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.S.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Min Seok Cho
- ChunLab, Inc., Seoul 06194, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.S.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Hyeree Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Korea;
- Samsung Medical Center, Institute for Future Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jongsik Chun
- ChunLab, Inc., Seoul 06194, Korea; (J.H.L.); (M.S.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Joon Hyeok Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.H.O.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Yeup Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Korea;
- Samsung Medical Center, Institute for Future Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (W.K.)
| | - Wonseok Kang
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.H.O.); (J.H.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Korea;
- Samsung Medical Center, Institute for Future Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (W.K.)
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