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Ponomareva EN, Sorokina MN, Grigoriev VA, Mazanko M, Chistyakov VA, Rudoy DV. Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 Improved Growth of Juvenile Trout. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:805-816. [PMID: 38974727 PMCID: PMC11222697 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate a new Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 probiotic as a feed additive for farmed trout. Final weight, absolute and average daily gain of fish, and average daily growth rate were higher in the group that received the probiotic than in the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the probiotic-fed trout had more intense growth rates than the control group (higher by 15.7%; p<0.05). A decrease in feed ratio was also observed in the group that received probiotic (25% decrease; p<0.05), indicating more efficient digestion and assimilation of feed. In general, the introduction of probiotic in the feed did not adversely affect the functional status of the fish. In young trout of the control group, when assessing the general chemical composition of the organism in the muscle tissue revealed significantly (p≤0.001) higher level of moisture content by 5.1% and lower by 11.0% dry matter content. In muscle, the protein content was higher by 1.33% (p≤0.001) and fat content by 2.1% (p≤0.001) in experimental fish. Generally, Lactobacilli, Enterococcus, Vibrio, Bacillus, and coliform bacteria were found in the intestinal samples of rainbow trout. Significant reliable difference (p≤0.05) between the samples of experimental and control groups was noted in the content of Bacillus bacteria. In the control group, 5.0±0.4×103 CFU/g was detected, while in the experimental group 8.4±0.8×104 CFU/g. Overall, the data indicate that probiotic bacteria B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895 has no adverse effect on selected microorganisms in the study fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Ponomareva
- Federal Research Center, Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344002, Russia
| | - Marina N Sorokina
- Federal Research Center, Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - Vadim A Grigoriev
- Federal Research Center, Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - Mariya Mazanko
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344002, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Chistyakov
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344002, Russia
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Rudoy
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344002, Russia
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Altan F, Corum O, Durna Corum D, Uney K, Terzi E, Bilen S, Sonmez AY, Elmas M. Pharmacokinetic behaviour and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic integration of doxycycline in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after intravascular, intramuscular and oral administrations. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1419. [PMID: 38520701 PMCID: PMC10960609 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Doxycycline (DO) has been used in fish for a long time, but there are some factors that have not yet been clarified regarding its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the PK and PK/PD targets of DO after 20 mg/kg intravascular (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral (OR) gavage administration in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). METHODS Plasma samples were collected at specific time points and subsequently analysed by HPLC-ultraviolet. The PK/PD indices were calculated based on the MIC90 (Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria) values obtained for the respective bacteria and the PK parameters obtained for DO following both IM and OR administration. RESULTS After IV administration, the elimination half-life (t1/2 ʎz), area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC), apparent volume of distribution at steady-state and total body clearance of DO were 34.81 h, 723.82 h µg/mL, 1.24 L/kg and 0.03 L/kg/h, respectively. The t1/2λz of the DO was found to be 37.39 and 39.78 h after IM, and OR administration, respectively. The bioavailability was calculated 57.02% and 32.29%, respectively, after IM and OR administration. The MIC90 of DO against A. hydrophila and A. sobria was 4 µg/mL. The PK/PD integration showed that DO (20 mg/kg dose) for A. hydrophila and A. sobria with MIC90 ≤4 µg/mL achieved target AUC/MIC value after IM administration. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that when rainbow trout was treated with 20 mg/kg IV and IM administered DO, therapeutically effective concentrations were reached in the control of infections caused by A. hydrophila and A. sobria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feray Altan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkiye
| | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHatay Mustafa Kemal UniversityHatayTurkiye
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHatay Mustafa Kemal UniversityHatayTurkiye
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkiye
| | - Ertugrul Terzi
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of FisheriesKastamonu UniversityKastamonuTurkiye
| | - Soner Bilen
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of FisheriesKastamonu UniversityKastamonuTurkiye
| | - Adem Yavuz Sonmez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of FisheriesKastamonu UniversityKastamonuTurkiye
| | - Muammer Elmas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkiye
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Memesh R, Yasir M, Ledder RG, Zowawi H, McBain AJ, Azhar EI. An update on the prevalence of colistin and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in aquaculture: an emerging threat to public health. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxad288. [PMID: 38059867 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture has been recognized as a hotspot for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to clinically important antibiotics. This review gives insights into studies investigating the prevalence of colistin and carbapenem resistance (CCR) among Gram-negative bacilli in aquaculture. Overall, a high incidence of CCR has been reported in aquatic farms in several countries, with CCR being more prevalent among opportunistic human pathogens such as Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Shewanella algae, Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., as well as members of Enterobacteriaceae family. A high proportion of isolates in these studies exhibited wide-spectrum profiles of antimicrobial resistance, highlighting their multidrug-resistance properties (MDR). Several mobile colistin resistance genes (including, mcr-1, mcr-1.1, mcr-2, mcr-2.1, mcr-3, mcr-3.1, mcr-4.1, mcr-4.3, mcr-5.1, mcr-6.1, mcr-7.1, mcr-8.1, and mcr-10.1) and carbapenemase encoding genes (including, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-55, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMI, blaAIM, blaVIM, and blaIMP) have been detected in aquatic farms in different countries. The majority of these were carried on MDR Incompatibility (Inc) plasmids including IncA/C, and IncX4, which have been associated with a wide host range of different sources. Thus, there is a risk for the possible spread of resistance genes between fish, their environments, and humans. These findings highlight the need to monitor and regulate the usage of antimicrobials in aquaculture. A multisectoral and transdisciplinary (One Health) approach is urgently needed to reduce the spread of resistant bacteria and/or resistance genes originating in aquaculture and avoid their global reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roa Memesh
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruth G Ledder
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hosam Zowawi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J McBain
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Duman M, Altun S, Saticioglu IB, Romalde JL. A review of bacterial disease outbreaks in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reported from 2010 to 2022. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023. [PMID: 37965781 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of bacterial infections in aquaculture have emerged as significant threats to the sustainable production of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) worldwide. Understanding the dynamics of these outbreaks and the bacteria involved is crucial for implementing effective management strategies. This comprehensive review presents an update on outbreaks of bacteria isolated from rainbow trout reported between 2010 and 2022. A systematic literature survey was conducted to identify relevant studies reporting bacterial outbreaks in rainbow trout during the specified time frame. More than 150 published studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and relevant databases met the inclusion criteria, encompassing diverse geographical regions and aquaculture systems. The main bacterial pathogens implicated in the outbreaks belong to both gram-negative, namely Chryseobacterium, Citrobacter, Deefgea Flavobacterium, Janthinobacterium, Plesiomonas, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, and gram-positive genera, including Lactococcus and Weissella, and comprise 36 new emerging species that are presented by means of pathogenicity and disturbance worldwide. We highlight the main characteristics of species to shed light on potential challenges in treatment strategies. Moreover, we investigate the role of various risk factors in the outbreaks, such as environmental conditions, fish density, water quality, and stressors that potentially cause outbreaks of these species. Insights into the temporal and spatial patterns of bacterial outbreaks in rainbow trout aquaculture are provided. Furthermore, the implications of these findings for developing sustainable and targeted disease prevention and control measures are discussed. The presented study serves as a comprehensive update on the state of bacterial outbreaks in rainbow trout aquaculture, emphasizing the importance of continued surveillance and research to sustain the health and productivity of this economically valuable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Duman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Soner Altun
- Department of Aquatic Animal Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Izzet Burcin Saticioglu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Cross-disciplinary Research Center in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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5
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Sánchez-Salazar AM, Taparia T, Olesen AK, Acuña JJ, Sørensen SJ, Jorquera MA. An overview of plasmid transfer in the plant microbiome. Plasmid 2023; 127:102695. [PMID: 37295540 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2023.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant microbiomes are pivotal for healthy plant physiological development. Microbes live in complex co-association with plant hosts, and interactions within these microbial communities vary with plant genotype, plant compartment, phenological stage, and soil properties, among others. Plant microbiomes also harbor a substantial and diverse pool of mobile genes encoded on plasmids. Several plasmid functions attributed to plant-associated bacteria are relatively poorly understood. Additionally, the role of plasmids in disseminating genetic traits within plant compartments is not well known. Here, we present the current knowledge on the occurrence, diversity, function, and transfer of plasmids in plant microbiomes, emphasizing the factors that could modulate gene transfer in-planta. We also describe the role of the plant microbiome as a plasmid reservoir and the dissemination of its genetic material. We include a brief discussion on the current methodological limitations in studying plasmid transfer within plant microbiomes. This information could be useful to elucidate the dynamics of the bacterial gene pools, the adaptations different organisms have made, and variations in bacterial populations that might have never been described before, particularly in complex microbial communities associated with plants in natural and anthropogenic impacted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Sánchez-Salazar
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencia, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145 Temuco, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145 Temuco, Chile
| | - Tanvi Taparia
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15 Bldg 1, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asmus K Olesen
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15 Bldg 1, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacquelinne J Acuña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145 Temuco, Chile; The Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145 Temuco, Chile
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15 Bldg 1, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Milko A Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145 Temuco, Chile; The Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145 Temuco, Chile.
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6
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Custodio M, Peñaloza R, Ordinola-Zapata A, Peralta-Ortiz T, Sánches-Suárez H, Vieyra-Peña E, De la Cruz H, Alvarado-Ibáñez J. Diversity of enterobacterales in sediments of lagoons with fish farming activity and analysis of antibiotic resistance. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:235-244. [PMID: 36845256 PMCID: PMC9950807 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in fish production can induce bacterial populations to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics and transfer antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria, including clinically relevant bacteria. This study evaluated the diversity of Enterobacterales in sediment from lagoons with fish farming activity and analyzed antibiotic resistance in the central region of Peru. Sediment samples were collected from four fish-active ponds and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Bacterial diversity was analyzed using DNA sequencing and antibiotic resistance was tested using the disk diffusion method. The results showed variability of bacterial diversity in the ponds with fish farming activity. Simpson's index indicated that the Habascocha lagoon is the most diverse in bacterial species of the order Enterobacterales (0.8), but the least dominant. The Shannon-Wiener index revealed that it is the most diverse (2.93) and the Margalef index revealed that species richness in this lagoon is high (5.72). Similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) allowed the identification of the main Enterobacterales with the highest percentage contribution in the frequencies of individuals. In general, the Enterobacterales species isolated showed multi-resistance to the antibiotics used and Escherichia coli was the most resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Custodio
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Huancayo, Peru,Corresponding author.
| | - Richard Peñaloza
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Huancayo, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | - Heidi De la Cruz
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Juan Alvarado-Ibáñez
- Universidad Nacional Intercultural “Fabiola Salazar Leguía” de Bagua, Bagua, Peru
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7
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Güroy D, Güroy B, Bilen S, Kenanoğlu ON, Şahin İ, Terzi E, Karadal O, Mantoğlu S. Effect of dietary celery (Apium graveolens) on the growth performance, immune responses, and bacterial resistance against Vibrio anguillarum of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:75-95. [PMID: 36502487 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated to reveal the effects of aqueous methanolic extract of celery (Apium graveolens) on the growth performance, immune responses, and resistance against Vibrio anguillarum in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). For this purpose, twenty fish (initial mean weight of 4.80 ± 0.06 g) were placed into twelve tanks (400 L) in triplicate and fish were fed with control (C) and three different levels (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 g/kg) of A. graveolens (AG) extract-containing diets (AG0.01, AG0.05, and AG0.1) for 30 days. Blood and tissue (kidney, spleen, and intestine) samples were taken from the fish every 10 days during the study to determine the immune responses of the fish. Respiratory burst activity (RBA) was significantly decreased in the AG0.1 group compared to all other groups on the 10th day of the study (P < 0.05). Significance was noticed in the RBA of fish in all AG groups compared to the C group (P < 0.05) on the 30th day of the experiment Lysozyme activity (LYS) was raised on the 10th day of the study in all celery groups compared to the C group (P < 0.05). No differences in the myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were observed among the experimental groups (P > 0.05). The final mean weight (FMW) was not affected in any experimental groups (P > 0.05). However, in the AG0.05 group, the specific growth rate (SGR) increased, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased compared to other groups (P < 0.05). IL-1β in the kidney was highly elevated in the AG0.01 group on the 20th day of the study (P < 0.05). Similar results were observed on IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α expression in the kidney (P < 0.05). Anti-inflammatory responses (IL-10 and TGF-β) also increased in all experimental groups and tissues compared to the C group (P < 0.05). COX-2 was upregulated on the 20th day of the study in all tissues (P < 0.05). At the end of the feeding trial, the survival rate of the AG0.1 group in fish infected with Vibrio anguillarum infection was higher than the C group. Dietary celery extract did not affect growth performance directly but increased innate immune responses and a high survival rate. Overall, compared to the control group, the growth, immunity, and resistance of European seabass fed with a diet containing 0.05 g/kg celery aqueous methanolic extract has been improved, and this could be used as an immunostimulant feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Güroy
- Department of Aquaculture, Armutlu Vocational School, Yalova University, 77500, Armutlu, Yalova, Turkey.
| | - Betül Güroy
- Department of Food Processing, Armutlu Vocational School, Yalova University, 77500, Armutlu, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Soner Bilen
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kuzeykent, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Osman Nezih Kenanoğlu
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kuzeykent, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - İzzet Şahin
- Department of Motor Vehicles and Transportation Technologies, Altınova Vocational School, Yalova University, 77700, Altınova, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Terzi
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kuzeykent, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Onur Karadal
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, 35620, Çiğli, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serhan Mantoğlu
- Department of Food Processing, Armutlu Vocational School, Yalova University, 77500, Armutlu, Yalova, Turkey
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Ramírez-Bayard IE, Mejía F, Medina-Sánchez JR, Cornejo-Reyes H, Castillo M, Querol-Audi J, Martínez-Torres AO. Prevalence of Plasmid-Associated Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Environmental, Animal and Human Samples in Panama. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:280. [PMID: 36830191 PMCID: PMC9952377 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance bacteria are nowadays ubiquitous. Its presence has been reported in almost every type of source, from water for agricultural and recreative use, water distribution pipes, and wastewater, to food, fomites, and clinical samples. Enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli, are not the exception, showing an increased resistance to several antibiotics, causing a global health and economic burden. Therefore, the monitoring of fecal microbiota is important because it is present in numerous reservoirs where gene transfer between commensal and virulent bacteria can take place, representing a potential source of resistant E. coli. In this work, antibiotic resistance profiles of 150 E. coli isolates from environmental, animal, and human samples, collected in three rural areas in Panama, were analyzed. A total of 116 isolates were resistant to at least one of the nine antibiotics tested. Remarkably, almost 100% of these exhibited resistance to tetracycline. Plasmid-associated tetA and tetB genes were detected in 42.86% of the isolates analyzed, tetA being the most prevalent. These results suggest that tetracycline resistance would be used as a convenient indicator of genetic horizontal transfer within a community.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. E. Ramírez-Bayard
- Experimental and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Water Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Master in Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
| | - F. Mejía
- Experimental and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Water Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Master in Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
| | - J. R. Medina-Sánchez
- Experimental and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Water Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Master in Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
| | - H. Cornejo-Reyes
- Experimental and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Water Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Master in Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
| | | | - J. Querol-Audi
- Experimental and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Water Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Master in Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), SENACYT, Panama City 0816, Panama
| | - A. O. Martínez-Torres
- Experimental and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Water Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Master in Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0820, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), SENACYT, Panama City 0816, Panama
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9
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Durna Corum D, Corum O, Terzi E, Coskun D, Bilen S, Cetin G, Uney K. Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after intravascular, intraperitoneal, and oral administrations. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2022; 45:578-583. [PMID: 36000461 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following intravascular (IV), intraperitoneal (IP), and oral (PO) administrations at 14 ± 1°C. In this study, three hundred and six clinically healthy rainbow trout (110-140 g) were used. The fish received single IV, IP, and PO injections of cefquinome at 10 mg/kg dose. The plasma concentrations of cefquinome were measured using HPLC-UV and were evaluated using non-compartmental analysis. Cefquinome was measured up to 96 h for PO route and 144 h for IV and IP routes in plasma. Following IV administration, t1/2ʎz , ClT , and Vdss were 18.85 h, 0.037 L/h/kg, and 0.84 L/kg, respectively. The Cmax of IP and PO routes was 9.75 and 1.64 μg/ml, respectively. The bioavailability following IP and PO administrations was 59.46% and 12.33%, respectively. Cefquinome at 10 mg/kg dose may maintain T > MIC above 40% at 72 and 96 h intervals, respectively, following the IP and IV routes for bacteria with MIC values of ≤2 μg/ml and at 24 h intervals following the PO route for bacteria with MIC value of ≤0.75 μg/ml. However, further studies are needed to determine in vitro and in vivo antibacterial efficacy and multiple dosage regimens of cefquinome against pathogens isolated from rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Ertugrul Terzi
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkiye
| | - Devran Coskun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkiye
| | - Soner Bilen
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkiye
| | - Gul Cetin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Erzincan Binali Yıldırım, Erzincan, Turkiye
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkiye
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10
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Loest D, Uhland FC, Young KM, Li XZ, Mulvey MR, Reid-Smith R, Sherk LM, Carson CA. Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli from shrimp and salmon available for purchase by consumers in Canada: a risk profile using the Codex framework. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e148. [PMID: 35968840 PMCID: PMC9386791 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to carbapenems in human pathogens is a growing clinical and public health concern. The carbapenems are in an antimicrobial class considered last-resort, they are used to treat human infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales, and they are classified by the World Health Organization as 'High Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials'. The presence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CREs) of animal-origin is of concern because targeted studies of Canadian retail seafood revealed the presence of carbapenem resistance in a small number of Enterobacterales isolates. To further investigate this issue, a risk profile was developed examining shrimp and salmon, the two most important seafood commodities consumed by Canadians and Escherichia coli, a member of the Enterobacterales order. Carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CREc) isolates have been identified in shrimp and other seafood products. Although carbapenem use in aquaculture has not been reported, several classes of antimicrobials are utilised globally and co-selection of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in an aquaculture setting is also of concern. CREs have been identified in retail seafood purchased in Canada and are currently thought to be uncommon. However, data concerning CRE or CREc occurrence and distribution in seafood are limited, and argue for implementation of ongoing or periodic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daleen Loest
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - F. Carl Uhland
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlin M. Young
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xian-Zhi Li
- Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael R. Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Richard Reid-Smith
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren M. Sherk
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolee A. Carson
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Nadella RK, Panda SK, Badireddy MR, Kurcheti PP, Raman RP, Mothadaka MP. Multi-drug resistance, integron and transposon-mediated gene transfer in heterotrophic bacteria from Penaeus vannamei and its culture environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:37527-37542. [PMID: 35066837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in bacteria is regarded as an emerging pollutant in different food production avenues including aquaculture. One hundred and sixty out of 2304 bacterial isolates from shrimp farm samples (n = 192) of Andhra Pradesh, India, were MDR. Based on biochemical identification and 16S rRNA sequencing, they were grouped into 35 bacterial species with the predominance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (12.5%). The MDR isolates showed highest resistance toward oxytetracycline (89%) with more than 0.2 MAR (multiple antibiotic resistance), demonstrates a high-risk source. The most prevalent antibiotic-resistance gene (ARG) and mobile genetic element (MGE) detected were tetA (47.5%) and int1 (46.2%), respectively. In conjugation experiments, overall transfer frequency was found to be in the range of 1.1 × 10-9 to 1.8 × 10-3 with the transconjugants harbouring ARGs and MGEs. This study exposed the wide distribution of MDR bacteria in shrimp and its environment, which can further aggravate the already raised concerns of antibiotic residues in the absence of proper mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Kumar Nadella
- MFB Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Matsyapuri P.O., Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Satyen Kumar Panda
- QAM Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Matsyapuri P.O, Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Madhusudana Rao Badireddy
- Visakhapatnam Research Centre, ICARCentral Institute of Fisheries Technology, Visakhapatnam, 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pani Prasad Kurcheti
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ram Prakash Raman
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukteswar Prasad Mothadaka
- MFB Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Matsyapuri P.O., Cochin, 682029, Kerala, India.
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12
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Roy T, Bandopadhyay A, Paul C, Majumdar S, Das N. Role of Plasmid in Pesticide Degradation and Metal Tolerance in Two Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Bacillus cereus (NCIM 5557) and Bacillus safensis (NCIM 5558). Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:106. [PMID: 35157142 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Disha A (Bacillus cereus) and Disha B (Bacillus safensis) were isolated from pesticide-infested agricultural field and showed tolerance against pesticides, heavy metals, and antibiotics. The isolates exhibited PGPR activities in vitro as well as in field conditions in lentil (Lens culinaris) and cow pea (Vigna unguiculata). Both the Bacillus species could not be grown in mineral salt medium but efficiently grown in the media supplemented with pesticide (imidacloprid/carbendazim) demonstrating the utilization of pesticide as carbon/nitrogen source. The HPLC studies exhibited the pesticide (imidacloprid/carbendazim) degradation by both the bacteria. B. safensis showed better degradation of carbendazim (88.93%) and imidacloprid (82.48%) than that of B. cereus 78.07% and 49.12%, respectively. The bacterial isolates showed high concentration of heavy metal tolerance viz. lead, molybdenum, cadmium, copper, cobalt, and zinc, except mercury. Both the bacteria possessed single plasmid. The plasmid-cured isolates of B. cereus did not tolerate any pesticide, whereas that of B. safensis tolerated all the pesticides, like wild strains. The plasmid curing experiments did not affect the heavy metal tolerance ability of both the bacteria indicating the genomic nature of heavy metal tolerance genes, whereas pesticide resistance genes are plasmid-dependent in B. cereus but genomic in B. safensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Roy
- Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda, W.B., 732103, India.,Department of Botany, Barasat Government College, 24 Parganas (N), Kolkata, W.B., 700124, India
| | - Anuradha Bandopadhyay
- Department of Botany, Barasat Government College, 24 Parganas (N), Kolkata, W.B., 700124, India
| | - Chandana Paul
- Department of Botany, Barasat Government College, 24 Parganas (N), Kolkata, W.B., 700124, India.,Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, Park Street, Kolkata, 700016, India
| | - Sukanta Majumdar
- Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda, W.B., 732103, India
| | - Nirmalendu Das
- Department of Botany, Barasat Government College, 24 Parganas (N), Kolkata, W.B., 700124, India.
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13
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Labitt RN, Ren J, Marquis H. Emergence of phenotypic and genotypic resistance in the intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed long-term to sub-inhibitory concentrations of sulfamethoxazole. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:2043-2054. [PMID: 34545508 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural waters are contaminated globally with pharmaceuticals including many antibiotics. In this study, we assessed the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance in the culturable intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed for 6 months to sub-inhibitory concentrations of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), one of the most prevalent antibiotics in natural waters. SMX was tested at three concentrations: 3000 µg/L, a concentration that had no observed effect (NOEC) on the in vitro growth of fish intestinal microbiota; 3 µg/L, a theoretical predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) for long-term studies in natural environments; and 0.3 µg/L, a concentration detected in many surveys of surface waters from various countries including the USA. In two independent experiments, the emergence of phenotypic resistance and an increased prevalence of bacteria carrying a sulfonamide-resistance gene (sul1) were observed in SMX-exposed fish. The emergence of phenotypic resistance to1000 mg/L SMX was significant in fish exposed to 3 µg/L SMX and was in large part independent of sul resistance genes. The prevalence of bacteria carrying the sul1 resistance gene increased significantly in the culturable intestinal microbiota of SMX-exposed fish, but the sul1-positive population was in large part susceptible to 1000 mg/L SMX, suggesting that the gene confers a lower resistance level or a growth advantage. The increased prevalence of sul1 bacteria was observed in all groups of SMX-exposed fish. Overall, this study suggests that fish exposed long-term to waters contaminated with low levels of antibiotics serve as reservoir of antimicrobial resistant genes and of resistant bacteria, a potential threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael N Labitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jennifer Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Hélène Marquis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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14
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Bilen S, Mohamed Ali GA, Amhamed ID, Almabrok AA. Modulatory effects of laurel-leaf cistus (Cistus laurifolius) ethanolic extract on innate immune responses and disease resistance in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:98-106. [PMID: 34252543 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal herbs are used for growth promotion, disease control and other health benefits in aquaculture industry. Here, we examined the effect of dietary laurel-leaf cistus (Cistus laurifolius) ethanolic extract on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, haematological profile and nonspecific immune responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In addition, resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection was examined. Common carp was fed diets containing 0 (Control), 0.1 (CL0.1), 0.5 (CL0.5) and 1 (CL1) g kg-1 laurel-leaf cistus extract for 45 days. After 30 days, superoxide anion production (SAP) increased in CL0.1 and CL0.5 fish groups and at the end of the study all experimental fish groups had higher SAP compared to that of the control (P ˂ 0.05). Lysozyme activity (LA) was elevated in CL0.5 and CL1 treated groups on 30th day (P < 0.05), and this increase was only observed in C0.1 fish group at the end of study compared to control (P ˂ 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased in CL0.5 and CL1 fish groups at the end of study. IL-1βgene expression was significantly increased in treated fish in a dose-depended manner. Similar results were observed for transcription of IL-6 and IL-8 (P < 0.05). Anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β were highly up-regulated in the intestine and head kidney of CL treated fish groups compared to control (P < 0.05). At the end of experiment, significantly higher final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were obtained in CL0.1 treated fish group compared to control. However, growth was negatively affected in CL1 fish group (P < 0.05). CL1 fish group had also a significantly higher FCR. Amylase activity was significantly increased in all experimental fish groups compared to control (P ˂ 0.05). Trypsin activity was decreased in CL0.1 and CL1 fish groups (P ˂ 0.05). WBC and RBC were significantly increased (P ˂ 0.05) in CL0.5 and CL1 fish groups, whereas haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean cell, mean cell haemoglobin contents were no significantly changed among control and treatment groups. Result of challenge test with A. hydrophila exhibited that survival rate in all treatment groups was significantly higher than that of control. These findings demonstrated that laurel-leaf cistus at 0.1 g kg-1 can be a suitable candidate for growth promotion, immune system induction and infection control in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Bilen
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | | | - Iman Daw Amhamed
- Al-Zintan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Alzintan, Libya
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15
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Bilen S, Ispir S, Kenanoglu ON, Taştan Y, Güney K, Terzi E. Effects of Greek juniper (Juniperus excelsa) extract on immune responses and disease resistance against Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:729-738. [PMID: 33128804 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Greek juniper extract on immune responses of rainbow trout. In this experiment, 4 doses [0 (Control), 1 (J1), 4 (J4) and 8 (J8) mg/kg] of the extract were administered orally using an oral gavage twice a day for 14 days. Immune responses were measured on 7th and 14th days. On 14th day, Yersinia ruckeri was injected intraperitoneally to all fish of all groups. On 14th day, ORP in fish of J1 group increased significantly. Lysozyme activity (LA) was increased in J8 group on 7th day (p < .05). On 14th day, a significant decrease was determined in J1 and J4 treatments in LA. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly decreased in all groups irrespective of sampling times (p < .05). Interleukin (IL)-1β was significantly elevated in fish of J8 group on 7th day. IL-8 increased in fish of J8 and J4 groups on 7th day of the study. IL-12 gene expression was significantly up-regulated in J8 fish group on 7th day, and in J4 fish group on 14th day. Survival rate was higher in J8 treatment compared to the control and other treatments (p < .05). The results suggest that Juniperus excelsa provides protection against Y. ruckeri in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Bilen
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Ispir
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Osman Nezih Kenanoglu
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Yiğit Taştan
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Kerim Güney
- Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Terzi
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
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16
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Pepi M, Focardi S. Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Aquaculture and Climate Change: A Challenge for Health in the Mediterranean Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5723. [PMID: 34073520 PMCID: PMC8198758 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture is the productive activity that will play a crucial role in the challenges of the millennium, such as the need for proteins that support humans and the respect for the environment. Aquaculture is an important economic activity in the Mediterranean basin. A great impact is presented, however, by aquaculture practices as they involve the use of antibiotics for treatment and prophylaxis. As a consequence of the use of antibiotics in aquaculture, antibiotic resistance is induced in the surrounding bacteria in the column water, sediment, and fish-associated bacterial strains. Through horizontal gene transfer, bacteria can diffuse antibiotic-resistance genes and mobile resistance genes further spreading genetic determinants. Once triggered, antibiotic resistance easily spreads among aquatic microbial communities and, from there, can reach human pathogenic bacteria, making vain the use of antibiotics for human health. Climate change claims a significant role in this context, as rising temperatures can affect cell physiology in bacteria in the same way as antibiotics, causing antibiotic resistance to begin with. The Mediterranean Sea represents a 'hot spot' in terms of climate change and aspects of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture in this area can be significantly amplified, thus increasing threats to human health. Practices must be adopted to counteract negative impacts on human health, with a reduction in the use of antibiotics as a pivotal point. In the meantime, it is necessary to act against climate change by reducing anthropogenic impacts, for example by reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The One Health type approach, which involves the intervention of different skills, such as veterinary, ecology, and medicine in compliance with the principles of sustainability, is necessary and strongly recommended to face these important challenges for human and animal health, and for environmental safety in the Mediterranean area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milva Pepi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Silvano Focardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
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17
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Sergaliev NK, Kakishev MG, Ginayatov NS, Nurzhanova FK, Andronov EE. Microbiome structure in a recirculating aquaculture system and its connection to infections in sturgeon fish. Vet World 2021; 14:661-668. [PMID: 33935412 PMCID: PMC8076456 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.661-668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to determine the bacterial composition at various stages of the temperature regime in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) to assess the pathological risk of a group of opportunistic pathogenic microflora. Materials and Methods Water temperature, incidences of illnesses, and fish mortality were monitored, during the research period to identify the causes of pathogens in sturgeons. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences was performed using the quantitative insights into microbial ecology module. Sequence alignment in the analysis of the distribution of gene libraries was performed using the Unclust method. The RDP database was used for the taxonomic identification of operational taxonomic units. Results The pattern of the contraction of infection among sturgeons bred in the RAS was established. A detailed analysis of the microbiome structure's taxonomic features showed dominant taxa during the "artificial wintering" period and at a temperature optimum in industrial aquaculture. It was found that the main outbreaks of pseudomonosis occurred during this period in the RAS. With a decrease in temperature of the aquatic environment, the incidence of illness increased by 75% compared with the optimum temperature period. Pseudomonas, Cetobacterium, and Lactococcus were specific taxa characteristic for the "artificial wintering" period. Xanthomonadaceae and Flavobacterium were specific taxa characteristic for the optimum temperature. Conclusion Consequently, the microbial structure was determined at different temperature regimes in a RAS, and the dominant communities were identified. The pattern of the contraction of infection caused by an opportunistic microflora (pseudomonosis) among sturgeons was established, allowing for the development and correction of treatment and preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurlan Khabibullovich Sergaliev
- Mahambet Utemisov West Kazakhstan State University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev Avenue, 162, Uralsk, 090000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Murat Galikhanovich Kakishev
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, West Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University named Zhangir khan, Zhangir Khan Street, 51, Uralsk, 090009, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Nurbek Satkanuly Ginayatov
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, West Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University named Zhangir khan, Zhangir Khan Street, 51, Uralsk, 090009, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Farida Khamidullievna Nurzhanova
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, West Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University named Zhangir khan, Zhangir Khan Street, 51, Uralsk, 090009, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Evgeny Evgenievich Andronov
- Laboratory of Microbiological Monitoring and Bioremediation of Soils, All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelsky Highway, 3, Pushkin-8, Saint Petersburg, 196608, Russian Federation
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18
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Terzi E, Kucukkosker B, Bilen S, Kenanoglu ON, Corum O, Özbek M, Parug SS. A novel herbal immunostimulant for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against Yersinia ruckeri. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 110:55-66. [PMID: 33383177 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this 21-day study, we examined the effects of the aqueous methanolic extract of thin-skinned plum (Prunus domestica) on growth, immune response and resistance to a pathogenic bacterium, Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were fed with diets containing thin-skinned plum extract doses as 0 (Control) 0.1 (PD01), 0.5 (PD05) and 1% (PD1) ad libitum twice in a day. At the end of the study, growth was affected positively but not significantly. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was decreased in the PD01 group (P < 0.05). There were elevated respiratory burst and potential bacterial killing activities on the 7th day in the PD1 fish group. No differences were observed in lysozyme activity (P > 0.05). An increased myeloperoxidase activity was recorded on the 14th day of study. Expression of interleukin and COX-2 genes was elevated on the 7th day of study in the kidney and intestine of treated fish. Histological results indicated no marked changes in organs (gill, kidney, liver and spleen) of PD treated fish groups. Challenge results of fish in all plum extract-treated groups showed an increased survival rate against Y. ruckeri (P < 0.05). This study indicated that the thin-skinned plum aqueous methanolic extract could improve innate immunity, survival against Y. ruckeri and decrease the FCR level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ertugrul Terzi
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu University, 37200, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Bunyamin Kucukkosker
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Science, Kastamonu University, 37200, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Soner Bilen
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu University, 37200, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | | | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, 37200, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Özbek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Sukru Senol Parug
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu University, 37200, Kastamonu, Turkey
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19
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Jung WJ, Kim HJ, Giri SS, Kim SG, Kim SW, Kang JW, Kwon J, Lee SB, Oh WT, Jun JW, Park SC. Citrobacter tructae sp. nov. Isolated from Kidney of Diseased Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020275. [PMID: 33525640 PMCID: PMC7912136 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Citrobacter species was isolated from the kidney of diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared on a trout farm. Biochemical characterization and phylogenetic analysis were performed for bacterial identification. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and five housekeeping genes indicated that the strain belongs to the Citrobacter genus. However, multilocus sequence analysis, a comparison of average nucleotide identity, and genome-to-genome distance values revealed that strain SNU WT2 is distinct and forms a separate clade from other Citrobacter species. Additionally, the phenotype characteristics of the strain differed from those of other Citrobacter species. Quinone analysis indicated that the predominant isoprenoid quinone is Q-10. Furthermore, strain virulence was determined by a rainbow trout challenge trial, and the strain showed resistance to diverse antibiotics including β-lactams, quinolone, and aminoglycosides. The complete genome of strain SNU WT2 is 4,840,504 bp with a DNA G + C content of 51.94% and 106,068-bp plasmid. Genome analysis revealed that the strain carries virulence factors on its chromosome and antibiotic resistance genes on its plasmid. This strain represents a novel species in the genus Citrobacter for which the name C. tructae has been proposed, with SNU WT2 (=KCTC 72517 = JCM 33612) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Joon Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.T.O.)
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.T.O.)
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.T.O.)
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.T.O.)
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.T.O.)
| | - Jeong Woo Kang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.T.O.)
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.T.O.)
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.T.O.)
| | - Woo Taek Oh
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.T.O.)
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.W.J.); (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-63-238-9253 (J.W.J.); Tel.: +82-2-880-1282 (S.C.P.)
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.); (W.T.O.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.J.); (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-63-238-9253 (J.W.J.); Tel.: +82-2-880-1282 (S.C.P.)
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Eshetea BB, Addy N, Ewing L, Beaubrun JJG, Eribo B. Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics and Prevalence in Kitfo, an Ethiopian Beef Tartar. J Food Prot 2021; 84:152-159. [PMID: 33411928 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kitfo is a version of beef tartar widely consumed in the Ethiopian community. It is made from raw minced beef and a blend of powdered spice and butter. Although previous studies have shown that kitfo contains several bacteria that are of public health concern, the status of their antibiotic resistance is not known. In this study, the antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates from 26 retail kitfo samples obtained from the Washington metropolitan area was analyzed. Characterization and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates were determined by the Vitek 2 system and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to delineate the intraspecies variations. Of the isolates, 59% were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas luteola were multidrug resistant to the classes of β-lactam, cephalosporins, and nitrofurantoin. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates was cefazolin (59%), cefoxitin (50%), ampicillin (32%), and nitrofuran (18%). Most isolates (75%) were Enterobacteriaceae, whereas only 3.8 and 2.6% were Pseudomonadaceae and Moraxellaceae, respectively. Of the Enterobacteriaceae, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. were the most predominant. All isolates except Klebsiella spp. showed high genetic variation (>65%). This study implicates for the first time kitfo as a potential reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Addy
- Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA
| | - Laura Ewing
- Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA
| | - Junia Jean-Gilles Beaubrun
- Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA
| | - Broderick Eribo
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1897-8050 [B.E.])
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21
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Alaali Z, Bin Thani AS. Patterns of antimicrobial resistance observed in the Middle East: Environmental and health care retrospectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140089. [PMID: 32559543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest worldwide challenging problems that associates with high morbidity and mortality rates. The resistance of bacteria to various antibiotic classes results in difficulties in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by those bacteria. This paper highlights and provides a critical overview of observational and experimental studies investigating the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in different environments in Middle East countries and the mechanisms by which bacteria acquire and spread resistance. The data of this research considered the published papers within the last ten years (2010-2020) and was carried out using PubMed. A total of 66 articles were selected in this review. This review covered studies done on antibiotic resistant bacteria found in a wide range of environments including foods, animals, groundwater, aquatic environments as well as industrial and hospital wastewater. They acquire and achieve their resistance through several mechanisms such as antibiotic resistant genes, efflux pumps and enzymatic reactions. However, the dissemination and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is affected by several factors like anthropogenic, domestic, inappropriate use of antibiotics and the expulsion of wastewater containing antibiotic residues to the environments. Therefore, it is important to increase the awareness regarding these activities and their effect on the environment and eventually on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Alaali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Sakhir 976, Bahrain.
| | - Ali Salman Bin Thani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Sakhir 976, Bahrain
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22
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Sun S, Korheina DKA, Fu H, Ge X. Chronic exposure to dietary antibiotics affects intestinal health and antibiotic resistance gene abundance in oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense), and provokes human health risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137478. [PMID: 32145616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are employed worldwide to treat diseases of humans and other animals, but most antibiotics and their secondary metabolites are discharged into the aquatic environment, and these pollutants are emerging as a severe threat to human health. However, the systematic effects of dietary antibiotics on intestinal health in crustaceans and the associated risk to human health have not been thoroughly investigated, especially the effects on growth, immune responses, intestinal health, and the abundance of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In the present work, two typical antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole and oxytetracycline) were administered orally to juvenile oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) for eight weeks to mimic long-term use of antibiotics at legal aquaculture doses. The results indicate that dietary exposure to antibiotics significantly inhibited the growth performance of prawns, suppressed immunological parameters, and caused higher mortality in prawns challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Furthermore, prawns fed a diet containing antibiotics displayed a decrease in the number of intestinal goblet cells and lower digestive enzyme activity, as well as impaired intestine antioxidant ability and immune responses. Additionally, redundancy analysis revealed that different dominant bacterial phyla were responsible for increased ARG abundance in the prawn intestinal tract between control and antibiotic diet groups. The health risks posed by antibiotic residues in prawn muscle were also evaluated. Our findings demonstrate the risk posed by long-term use of dietary antibiotics in prawns, and suggest that antibiotics should be administered more carefully during aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | | | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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23
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Aboubakr M, Soliman A. Pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus) after intravenous and intramuscular administrations. Acta Vet Hung 2019; 67:602-609. [PMID: 31842594 DOI: 10.1556/004.2019.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The plasma pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin was studied in healthy African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) following a single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration of 10 mg/kg at 22 °C. Catfish were divided into two groups (each group containing 78 fish), then danofloxacin mesylate (10 mg/kg) was administered IV (into the caudal vein) in Group 1 and IM (into the right epaxial muscle) in Group 2, and blood was obtained from the caudal vein before (0 h) and after (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h) of drug administration. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of plasma concentration, and a non-compartmental model was used for the analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters. After IV administration, elimination half-life (t1/2λz, 24.49 h), mean residence time (MRT, 30.14 h), volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss, 1.07 L/kg) and total body clearance (CLT, 0.035 L/h/kg) were determined. After IM administration, t1/2λz, MRT, peak concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax and bioavailability were 47.64 h, 61.06 h, 5.22 µg/mL, 1 h and 67.12%, respectively. After IM administration, danofloxacin showed good bioavailability and long t1/2λz. The favourable pharmacokinetic characteristics after IM administration support the use of danofloxacin for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aboubakr
- 1Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalioubeya, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- 2Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Yuan K, Wang X, Chen X, Zhao Z, Fang L, Chen B, Jiang J, Luan T, Chen B. Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in extracellular and intracellular DNA from sediments collected from two types of aquaculture farms. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:520-527. [PMID: 31229713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and quantities of ARGs in extracellular and intracellular DNA (eARGs and iARGs) from sediments collected in two different types of aquaculture farms were investigated. A total of 20 ARG subtypes associated with 7 categories of commonly used antibiotics (e.g., aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines) were identified, and some of these subtypes were not related to the antibiotics used. ARGs are mainly present in the iDNA form with the ratio of the total iARGs to eARGs being in the range of 7.9-45.5. The ratio of eARG to iARGs varies greatly with ARG subtypes, probably due to their differences in persistence as a part of eDNA. Significant correlation between int1 and ARGs was observed for both eDNA and iDNA in sediments from the aquaculture farms. Moreover, ARG pollution was more serious in bullfrog ponds than polyculture ponds due to the more frequent use of antibiotics in bullfrog rearing operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yuan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ling Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Baoying Chen
- School of Applied Mathematics, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Baowei Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Bilen S, Elbeshti HTAG. A new potential therapeutic remedy against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using tetra, Cotinus coggygria. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:1369-1381. [PMID: 31317560 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Different antibiotic-based drugs are being used for the treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, and several studies emphasize the use of medicinal plants as immunostimulants for prophylactic measure against Aeromoniasis disease. However, therapeutic effects of aqueous methanolic extracts of tetra (Cotinus coggygria) against A. hydrophila in rainbow trout were not investigated. Four different concentrations of tetra extract (0 [control], 4, 8 and 12 mg/100 µl) and also two different positive control groups (florfenicol and doxycycline antibiotics) were administered orally using feeding needles to individual rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss of all experimental groups twice a day after intramuscular inoculation of A. hydrophila. The study period was for 10 days. On 0th, 3rd, 7th and 10th day, blood and tissues were collected from the fish and changes in humoral immune responses, haematology and immune-related gene expressions were determined. In the study, superoxide radical production was decreased generally in all experimental groups except in 12 mg tetra and florfenicol treatments compared to control (p < .05). Lysozyme activity was generally decreased (p < .05), or no differences were observed in all experimental groups compared to the control. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased in florfenicol-treated fish group on 7th day (p < .05). Generally, myeloperoxidase activity showed an increase in almost all tetra-treated groups. Haematological parameters increased but were not significantly high enough in treatments. Almost all immune-related gene expressions were significantly enhanced on 3rd and 10th day of the study. Survival rate of 53.33% was found in control group. There were no significant differences in survival between control and 4 mg tetra-treated group (p > .05). All the other groups' survival rate was significantly increased compared to control. The highest survival rate was found in florfenicol group (80%). In 12 mg tetra-, doxycycline- and 8 mg tetra-treated groups, survival rate was recorded as 74.44%, 70% and 70%, respectively. Our results suggest that tetra methanolic extract is an effective therapeutic remedy against A. hydrophila infection in rainbow trout at the dose of 24 mg/32.34 g body weight/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Bilen
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Coertze RD, Bezuidenhout CC. Global distribution and current research of AmpC beta-lactamase genes in aquatic environments: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1633-1642. [PMID: 31284205 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AmpC beta-lactamase genes are some of the most common antibiotic resistance genes and require special attention once they have become mobilised. The detection of these genes is well documented in clinical settings. However, there is insufficient knowledge of both plasmid and genomic AmpC genes in aquatic environments. This systematic review aimed to determine the extent of the knowledge gap in the literature regarding the prevalence of AmpC beta-lactamase genes in aquatic systems. Using selected criteria, a total of 27 databases were searched for applicable peer-reviewed journal articles. No date and language restrictions were applied. Journal articles that highlighted the detection of AmpC beta-lactamase genes in environmental aquatic systems, including wastewater treatment plants, were included. Of the 950 literature sources that were identified, 50 were selected for full text analysis based on predetermined criteria. Studies on AmpC genes detection were traced in 23 countries. These studies focused on surface water (24), wastewater (17), sea water (4) and both surface and wastewater (5). Most studies did not specifically aim to detect AmpC genes, but to detect antibiotic resistance genes in general. Presently no surveillance protocols, standardised detection methods or environmental limits exist for these genes and, due to a paucity of research in this field, it is unlikely that such systems will be implemented in the near future. The implications and dynamics of AmpC genes in aquatic systems remain unclear and require intense research to ensure the sustainability of environmental systems and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelof Dirk Coertze
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management: Department of Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Cornelius Carlos Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management: Department of Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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Bilen S, Sirtiyah AMA, Terzi E. Therapeutic effects of beard lichen, Usnea barbata extract against Lactococcus garvieae infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:401-409. [PMID: 30711494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, therapeutic effects of aqueous methanolic extracts of beard lichen (Usnea barbata) against Lactococcus garvieae (ATCC 43921) in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. Six different experimental groups [0 mg/100 μL (Control), 4 mg/100 μL, 8 mg/100 μL, 12 mg/100 μL, 6 mg/100 μL florfenicol (positive control), 6 mg/100 μL erythromycin (positive control)] were set up to determine effects of lichen extract on immune responses and survival rate. In the study, superoxide radical production was increased in fish treated with 12 mg beard lichen extract, florfenicol and erythromycin compared to that of control (P < 0.05). Lysozyme activity was generally decreased (P < 0.05) or no differences were observed in all experimental groups compared to that of control (P > 0.05). Myeloperoxidase was significantly increased in all antibiotic treated groups. No differences were observed in liver histology of experimental groups compared to control. Cytokine gene expressions were elevated in all experimental groups compared to that of control (P < 0.05), except IL-1β expression at 10th day sampling time. Other immune related genes (IL-8, TGF- β, IL-12 Beta, TNFα1, IL-10, COX-2, IL-6, TLR5, C3, IGM, MHC-II, iNOS, IgT, IFN1, IFN2, IFN reg) were also elevated in all experimental groups compared to that of control group. The survival rates obtained in 4 mg beard lichen treated group, 8 mg beard lichen treated group and erythromycin treated group were 73.08, 65.38 and 80.77% respectively. Our results suggest that beard lichen methanolic extract could be an effective therapeutic agent to be used against L. garvieae infection in rainbow trout at the dose of 4 mg/17.41 ± 0.3 g body weight/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Bilen
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | | | - Ertugrul Terzi
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Duman M, Saticioglu IB, Altun S. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profile of fecal contaminants and spoilage bacteria that emerge in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2018; 38:41-48. [PMID: 31106106 PMCID: PMC6502714 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.18-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fecal contaminants are a major public concern that directly affect human health in the fish production industry. In this study, we aimed to determine the fecal coliform, spoilage bacteria,
and antimicrobial-resistant bacterial contamination in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms. Fish were sampled from rainbow trout farms that have a high production
capacity and are established on spring water, stream water, and dammed lakes in six different regions of Turkey. A total of seven Enterobacter subspecies, two strains of
Pseudomonas spp., and one isolate each of Morganella and Stenotrophomonas were characterized based on biochemical and molecular methods,
including the 16S rRNA and gyrB housekeeping gene regions. The sequencing results obtained from the 16S rRNA and gyrB gene regions were deposited in the
GenBank database and compared with isolates from different countries, which were registered in the database. Resistance to 10 different antimicrobial compounds was determined using the broth
microdilution method, and molecular resistance genes against florfenicol, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole were identified by PCR. All detected resistance genes were confirmed by
sequencing analyses. E. cloacae, E. asburiae, Pseudomonas spp., S. maltophilia, and M. psychrotolerans
were identified using the gyrB housekeeping gene, while isolates showed different biochemical characteristics. All isolates were found to be phenotypically resistant to
sulfamethoxazole, and some isolates were resistant to tetracycline, florfenicol, amoxicillin, and doxycycline; the resistance genes of these isolates included floR,
tetC, tetD, and tetE. We showed that fecal coliforms, spoilage bacteria, and antimicrobial resistant bacteria were present in farmed
rainbow trout, and they pose a threat for human health and must be controlled in the farming stage of fish production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Duman
- Aquatic Animal Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Izzet Burcin Saticioglu
- Aquatic Animal Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Soner Altun
- Aquatic Animal Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
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Corum O, Durna Corum D, Er A, Terzi E, Uney K. Plasma and tissue disposition of danofloxacin in brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) after intravenous and intramuscular administrations. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:2340-2347. [PMID: 30352010 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1530458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasma and muscle pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin were investigated after 10 mg/kg intravenous (IV, caudal vein) and intramuscular (IM, right epaxial muscles) administrations in 168 healthy brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) at 10°C-13°C. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine its plasma and muscle concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analysed with a non-compartmental model. After IV administration, elimination half-life (t1/2ʎz), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞), mean residence time (MRT0-∞), volume of distribution at steady state, total body clearance in plasma and AUCMuscle/AUCPlasma ratio were 22.22 h, 140.66 h*µg/mL, 23.15 h, 2.28 L/kg, 0.07 L/h/kg and 3.79, respectively. After IM administration, t1/2ʎz, AUC0-∞, MRT0-∞, peak concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax, bioavailability in plasma and AUCMuscle/AUCPlasma ratio were 28.28 h, 84.39 h*µg/mL, 37.31 h, 4.79 µg/mL, 1 h, 59.99% and 8.46, respectively. Danofloxacin exhibited long t1/2ʎz and good bioavailability after IM administration. Therefore, 10 mg/kg IM administration of danofloxacin in brown trout can provide AUC0-24/MIC of > 125 and Cmax/MIC of > 10 to treat diseases caused by susceptible bacteria with ≤ 0.336 µg/mL MIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Corum
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Kastamonu , Kastamonu , Turkey
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Kastamonu , Kastamonu , Turkey
| | - Ayse Er
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Selcuk , Konya , Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Terzi
- c Faculty of Fisheries , University of Kastamonu , Kastamonu , Turkey
| | - Kamil Uney
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Selcuk , Konya , Turkey
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30
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Karadeniz (Türkiye)’den Toplanan Kara Midye ve Deniz Salyangozlarındaki Escherichia coli’lerin Antimikrobiyal Direnç Profilleri ve Tetrasiklin Direnç Genleri. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.28955/alinterizbd.355019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ture M, Altinok I, Alp H. Effects of Cage Farming on Antimicrobial and Heavy Metal Resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, and Lactococcus garvieae. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:1422-1430. [PMID: 29733265 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium isolated from the sediment and Lactococcus garvieae isolated from fish. MATERIALS AND METHODS The isolated bacteria were identified by sequencing 16S rRNA genes. After identification of the bacteria, tetracycline (tetA, tetB, tetD), erythromycin (ereA, ereB), sulfonamides (sulI, sulII), trimethoprim (dhfrA1), β-lactam (blaTEM, blaCTX, ampC), florfenicol (floR), and class 1 integron (Int1) resistance gene were then determined. The presence of HMRGs, including copper (copA), mercury (mer), cadmium, zinc, cobalt (czc), and nickel, cobalt cadmium (ncc), was also analyzed by PCR. All strains were checked for the presence of ARGs and/or HMRGs on the plasmid. RESULTS The frequency of the β-lactam resistance gene was highest and ranged from 49.7% to 62.3%, followed by sulfonamides, tetracyclines, phenicols, and macrolide resistance genes. The cage culture fish farming practice showed significant effects on ARG frequency of bacteria isolated from the sediment, whereas it had no effect on the frequency of HMRGs. The most prevalent HMRG was determined as mercury-resistant mer gene in all bacteria. All four of the HMRGs were located on plasmids with frequency ranging from 1.20% to 32.53%. The presence of ARGs on plasmids ranged between 2.2% (Dhfr1) and 75% (AmpC, blactx, tetB), and plasmids did not contain tetD and ereB genes. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that fish farming can significantly influence the antimicrobial resistance properties of bacteria isolated from sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ture
- 1 Fish Health Department, Central Fisheries Research Institute , Yomra, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Altinok
- 2 Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Faculty of Marine Science, Karadeniz Technical University , Surmene, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Alp
- 1 Fish Health Department, Central Fisheries Research Institute , Yomra, Trabzon, Turkey
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Chen B, Lin L, Fang L, Yang Y, Chen E, Yuan K, Zou S, Wang X, Luan T. Complex pollution of antibiotic resistance genes due to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside use in aquaculture farming. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 134:200-208. [PMID: 29427962 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the modern world has raised global concerns for public health. Establishing relationships between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to understanding the dissemination and accumulation of ARGs in a human-impacted environment. In this study, ARG profiles in the sediments from a bullfrog farm, where penicillin and amoxicillin (beta-lactams) and gentamicin (aminoglycoside) were used for prophylactic purposes, were analyzed using metagenomic approaches. Analysis of both extracellular and intracellular DNA (eDNA and iDNA) demonstrated that use of the above-mentioned antibiotics led to complex pollution of ARGs not only related to beta-lactams and aminoglycoside but also to sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and macrolides. Most of the ARGs in the sediments from the bullfrog farm were likely carried by plasmids. A significant correlation was observed between the total abundance of ARG-related plasmids and that of plasmid-carrying ARGs. Approximately 85% of the plasmids likely present in the sediment from the bullfrog farm possessed at least 3 ARG subtypes, which conferred the resistance of bacterial hosts to different antibiotic categories. Our results suggest that antibiotics could lead to complex pollution of ARGs unrelated to those administered due to the concurrence of ARGs in the plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Chen
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Ling Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ying Yang
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Enzhong Chen
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Ke Yuan
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shichun Zou
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Tiangang Luan
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Köck R, Daniels-Haardt I, Becker K, Mellmann A, Friedrich AW, Mevius D, Schwarz S, Jurke A. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in wildlife, food-producing, and companion animals: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:1241-1250. [PMID: 29654871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in healthcare settings challenges clinicians worldwide. However, little is known about dissemination of CRE in livestock, food, and companion animals and potential transmission to humans. METHODS We performed a systematic review of all studies published in the PubMed database between 1980 and 2017 and included those reporting the occurrence of CRE in samples from food-producing and companion animals, wildlife, and exposed humans. The primary outcome was the occurrence of CRE in samples from these animals; secondary outcomes included the prevalence of CRE, carbapenemase types, CRE genotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibilities. RESULTS We identified 68 articles describing CRE among pigs, poultry, cattle, seafood, dogs, cats, horses, pet birds, swallows, wild boars, wild stork, gulls, and black kites in Africa, America, Asia, Australia, and Europe. The following carbapenemases have been detected (predominantly affecting the genera Escherichia and Klebsiella): VIM, KPC, NDM, OXA, and IMP. Two studies found that 33-67% of exposed humans on poultry farms carried carbapenemase-producing CRE closely related to isolates from the farm environment. Twenty-seven studies selectively screened samples for CRE and found a prevalence of <1% among livestock and companion animals in Europe, 2-26% in Africa, and 1-15% in Asia. Wildlife (gulls) in Australia and Europe carried CRE in 16-19%. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of CRE in livestock, seafood, wildlife, pets, and directly exposed humans poses a risk for public health. Prospective prevalence studies using molecular and cultural microbiological methods are needed to better define the scope and transmission of CRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Köck
- University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Münster, Germany; University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Institute for Hygiene, Münster, Germany; Institute of Hospital Hygiene Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - I Daniels-Haardt
- NRW Centre for Health, Section Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bochum, Germany
| | - K Becker
- University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Münster, Germany
| | - A Mellmann
- University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Institute for Hygiene, Münster, Germany
| | - A W Friedrich
- Department for Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Mevius
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Lelystad, The Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Schwarz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Jurke
- NRW Centre for Health, Section Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bochum, Germany
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Altinok I, Ozturk RC, Kahraman UC, Capkin E. Protection of rainbow trout against yersiniosis by lpxD mutant Yersinia ruckeri. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:21-27. [PMID: 27095175 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is a Gram negative bacteria causing yersiniosis in freshwater and marine fish. Lipid A, important for pathogenesis of Gram negative bacteria, biosynthesis pathway requires nine enzyme catalyzed steps. Although there are nine genes encoding lipid A biosynthesis in bacteria, biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides relies on lpxD gene that encodes the third pathway enzyme. The roles of LpxD in Y. ruckeri virulence have not been studied. In the present study, in-frameshift deletion of lpxD gene and their role in Y. ruckeri virulence in rainbow trout were determined. For this purpose, 92% of the Y. ruckeri lpxD genes were deleted by homologous recombination. After running in SDS-PAGE and staining with silver stain, no LPS was detectable in the Y. ruckeri ΔlpxD mutant. Virulence and immunogenicity of the Y. ruckeri ΔlpxD mutant (YrΔlpxD) were determined in rainbow trout. Rainbow trout immunized with YrΔlpxD with immersion, or intraperitoneal injection method displayed superior protection (relative percentage survival ≥ 84%) after exposure to wild type Y. ruckeri. In conclusion, our results indicated that deletion of the lpxD gene causes significant attenuation of Y. ruckeri in rainbow trout, and LPS deficient YrΔlpxD could be used as a live attenuated vaccine against Y. ruckeri in rainbow trout. This vaccine can protect fish and it can be applied to fish with different methods such as immersion or injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhan Altinok
- Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Faculty of Marine Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61530, Turkey.
| | - Rafet C Ozturk
- Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Faculty of Marine Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61530, Turkey
| | - Umit C Kahraman
- Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Faculty of Marine Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61530, Turkey
| | - Erol Capkin
- Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Faculty of Marine Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61530, Turkey
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