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Salloum-Asfar S, Shin KC, Taha RZ, Khattak S, Park Y, Abdulla SA. The Potential Role of Thyroid Hormone Therapy in Neural Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3330-3342. [PMID: 37991699 PMCID: PMC11087352 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) plays a vital role in brain development and its dysregulation can impact behavior, nervous system function, and cognitive development. Large case-cohort studies have associated abnormal maternal T3 during early pregnancy to epilepsy, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Recent experimental findings have also shown T3's influence on the fate of neural precursor cells and raise the question of its convergence with embryonic neural progenitors. Our objective was to investigate how T3 treatment affects neuronal development and functionality at the cellular level. In vitro experiments using neural precursor cells (NPCs) measured cell growth and numbers after exposure to varying T3 concentrations. Time points included week 0 (W0) representing NPCs treated with 100 nM T3 for 5 days, and differentiated cortical neurons assessed at weeks 3 (W3), 6 (W6), and 8 (W8). Techniques such as single-cell calcium imaging and whole-cell patch clamp were utilized to evaluate neuronal activity and function. IHC staining detected mature neuron markers, and RNA sequencing enabled molecular profiling. W6 and W8 neurons exhibited higher action potential frequencies, with W6 showing increased peak amplitudes and shortened inter-spike intervals by 50%, indicating enhanced activity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that W6 T3-treated neurons formed a distinct cluster, suggesting accelerated maturation. Comparison with the whole transcriptome further unveiled a correlation between W6 neurons treated with T3 and neuronal regulatory elements associated with autism and ADHD. These findings provide insights into T3's impact on neuronal development and potential mechanisms of T3 dysregulation and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam Salloum-Asfar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Kyung Chul Shin
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rowaida Z Taha
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahryar Khattak
- BESE and KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yongsoo Park
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara A Abdulla
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Paudel R, Jafri MS, Ullah A. Pacing Dynamics Determines the Arrhythmogenic Mechanism of the CPVT2-Causing CASQ2 G112+5X Mutation in a Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocyte Computational Model. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:23. [PMID: 36672764 PMCID: PMC9858930 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calsequestrin Type 2 (CASQ2) is a high-capacity, low-affinity, Ca2+-binding protein expressed in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of the cardiac myocyte. Mutations in CASQ2 have been linked to the arrhythmia catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT2) that occurs with acute emotional stress or exercise can result in sudden cardiac death (SCD). CASQ2G112+5X is a 16 bp (339-354) deletion CASQ2 mutation that prevents the protein expression due to premature stop codon. Understanding the subcellular mechanisms of CPVT2 is experimentally challenging because the occurrence of arrhythmia is rare. To obtain an insight into the characteristics of this rare disease, simulation studies using a local control stochastic computational model of the Guinea pig ventricular myocyte investigated how the mutant CASQ2s may be responsible for the development of an arrhythmogenic episode under the condition of β-adrenergic stimulation or in the slowing of heart rate afterward once β-adrenergic stimulation ceases. Adjustment of the computational model parameters based upon recent experiments explore the functional changes caused by the CASQ2 mutation. In the simulation studies under rapid pacing (6 Hz), electromechanically concordant cellular alternans appeared under β-adrenergic stimulation in the CPVT mutant but not in the wild-type nor in the non-β-stimulated mutant. Similarly, the simulations of accelerating pacing from slow to rapid and back to the slow pacing did not display alternans but did generate early afterdepolarizations (EADs) during the period of second slow pacing subsequent acceleration of rapid pacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Paudel
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Mohsin Saleet Jafri
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20201, USA
| | - Aman Ullah
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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3
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Hung CT, Tsai YW, Wu YS, Yeh CF, Yang KC. The novel role of ER protein TXNDC5 in the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:63. [PMID: 36050716 PMCID: PMC9438287 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis-related disorders account for an enormous burden of disease-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. Fibrosis is defined by excessive extracellular matrix deposition at fibrotic foci in the organ tissue following injury, resulting in abnormal architecture, impaired function and ultimately, organ failure. To date, there lacks effective pharmacological therapy to target fibrosis per se, highlighting the urgent need to identify novel drug targets against organ fibrosis. Recently, we have discovered the critical role of a fibroblasts-enriched endoplasmic reticulum protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5), in cardiac, pulmonary, renal and liver fibrosis, showing TXNDC5 is required for the activation of fibrogenic transforming growth factor-β signaling cascades depending on its catalytic activity as a PDI. Moreover, deletion of TXNDC5 in fibroblasts ameliorates organ fibrosis and preserves organ function by inhibiting myofibroblasts activation, proliferation and extracellular matrix production. In this review, we detailed the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which TXNDC5 promotes fibrogenesis in various tissue types and summarized potential therapeutic strategies targeting TXNDC5 to treat organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ting Hung
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Tsai
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shuo Wu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fan Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Sec. 1, Ren-Ai Rd, 1150R, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center for Frontier Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Thyroid diseases may cause a variety of functional and structural body changes, including eye and vision abnormalities, which can have a negative impact on a patient’s well-being. However, only a few studies on the impact of other benign thyroid diseases on the visual process are available in the literature. In this study, using the Polish version of the thyroid-specific quality of life (ThyPROpl) questionnaire, we aimed to determine the self-reported influence of benign thyroid diseases (e.g., nodular goiter, toxic nodular goiter, Graves’ disease, thyroid orbitopathy, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and surgical hypothyroidism) on patients’ eyes and vision. This was a prospective study. In total, 374 randomly selected euthyroid patients and 255 control subjects responded to the ThyPROpl questionnaire and the results were evaluated. Nearly 69% of the respondents reported that the most frequent condition was “reduced sight.” Men most often reported wet/tearing eyes (66%). The occurrence of eyelid sacks or swollen eyelids (64%), ophthalmalgia (62%), and eye dryness (61%) was marked almost as often. In total, 29% of the patients reported diplopia, and it was found to be most prevalent among those with thyroid orbitopathy. Other complaints were similarly prevalent among all the subgroups. A positive correlation was also observed between the scores of the “eye symptoms” and other ailments. Except for swelling around the lower eyelids, patients with thyroid diseases more frequently experienced all of the ocular complaints analyzed in this study compared with controls. This study showed that eye complaints are common in patients with benign thyroid diseases and ocular disturbances have a negative impact on the overall quality of life of patients.
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Sun Z, Wang L, Han L, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Li Q, Wu Y, Talabieke S, Hou Y, Wu L, Liu R, Fu Z, You H, Li BY, Zheng Y, Luo D. Functional Calsequestrin-1 Is Expressed in the Heart and Its Deficiency Is Causally Related to Malignant Hyperthermia-Like Arrhythmia. Circulation 2021; 144:788-804. [PMID: 34162222 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.053255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Calsequestrins (Casqs), comprising the Casq1 and Casq2 isoforms, buffer Ca2+ and regulate its release in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal and cardiac muscle, respectively. Human inherited diseases associated with mutations in CASQ1 or CASQ2 include malignant hyperthermia/environmental heat stroke (MH/EHS) and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. However, patients with an MH/EHS event often suffer from arrhythmia for which the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Methods: Working hearts from conventional (Casq1-KO) and cardiac-specific (Casq1-CKO) Casq1 knockout mice were monitored in vivo and ex vivo by electrocardiogram and electrical mapping, respectively. MH was induced by 2% isoflurane and treated intraperitoneally with dantrolene. Time-lapse imaging was used to monitor intracellular Ca2+ activity in isolated mouse cardiomyocytes or neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) with knockdown, over-expression or truncation of the Casq1 gene. Conformational change in both Casqs was determined by crosslinking Western blot analysis. Results: Like MH/EHS patients, Casq1-KO and Casq1-CKO mice had faster basal heart rate, and ventricular tachycardia upon exposure to 2% isoflurane, which could be relieved by dantrolene. Basal sinus tachycardia and ventricular ectopic electrical triggering also occurred in Casq1-KO hearts ex vivo. Accordingly, the ventricular cardiomyocytes from Casq1-CKO mice displayed dantrolene-sensitive increased Ca2+ waves and diastole premature Ca2+ transients/oscillations upon isoflurane. NRVMs with Casq1-knockdown had enhanced spontaneous Ca2+ sparks/transients upon isoflurane, while cells over-expressing Casq1 exhibited decreased Ca2+ sparks/transients that were absent in cells with truncation of 9 amino acids at the C-terminus of Casq1. Structural evaluation showed that most of the Casq1 protein was present as a polymer and physically interacted with RyR2 in the ventricular SR. The Casq1 isoform was also expressed in human myocardium. Mechanistically, exposure to 2% isoflurane or heating at 41ºC induced Casq1 oligomerization in mouse ventricular and skeletal muscle tissues, leading to a reduced Casq1/RyR2 interaction and increased RyR2 activity in the ventricle. Conclusions: Casq1 is expressed in the heart, where it regulates SR Ca2+ release and heart rate. Casq1 deficiency independently causes MH/EHS-like ventricular arrhythmia by trigger-induced Casq1 oligomerization and a relief of its inhibitory effect on RyR2-mediated Ca2+ release, thus revealing a new inherited arrhythmia and a novel mechanism for MH/EHS arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Luqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Lu Han
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100011, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100011, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100011, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100011, P. R. China
| | - Shaletanati Talabieke
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Hou
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine; National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, P. R. China
| | - Lulin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie You
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Dali Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
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Powell LE, Foster PA. Protein disulphide isomerase inhibition as a potential cancer therapeutic strategy. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2812-2825. [PMID: 33742523 PMCID: PMC8026947 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) gene family is a large, diverse group of enzymes recognised for their roles in disulphide bond formation within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). PDI therefore plays an important role in ER proteostasis, however, it also shows involvement in ER stress, a characteristic recognised in multiple disease states, including cancer. While the exact mechanisms by which PDI contributes to tumorigenesis are still not fully understood, PDI exhibits clear involvement in the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. The UPR acts to alleviate ER stress through the activation of ER chaperones, such as PDI, which act to refold misfolded proteins, promoting cell survival. PDI also acts as an upstream regulator of the UPR pathway, through redox regulation of UPR stress receptors. This demonstrates the pro‐protective roles of PDI and highlights PDI as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Recent research has explored the use of PDI inhibitors with PACMA 31 in particular, demonstrating promising anti‐cancer effects in ovarian cancer. This review discusses the properties and functions of PDI family members and focuses on their potential as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Powell
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Mechanisms of ranolazine pretreatment in preventing ventricular tachyarrhythmias in diabetic db/db mice with acute regional ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20032. [PMID: 33208777 PMCID: PMC7674419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that diabetic (db/db) mice have increased susceptibility to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VA). We aimed to investigate the antiarrhythmic and molecular mechanisms of ranolazine in db/db mouse hearts with acute IR injury. Ranolazine was administered for 1 week before coronary artery ligation. Diabetic db/db and control db/+ mice were divided into ranolazine-given and -nongiven groups. IR model was created by 15-min left coronary artery ligation and 10-min reperfusion. In vivo electrophysiological studies showed that the severity of VA inducibility was higher in db/db mice than control (db/ +) mice. Ranolazine suppressed the VA inducibility and severity. Optical mapping studies in Langendorff-perfused hearts showed that ranolazine significantly shortened action potential duration, Cai transient duration, Cai decay time, ameliorated conduction inhomogeneity, and suppressed arrhythmogenic alternans induction. Western blotting studies showed that the expression of pThr17-phospholamban, calsequestrin 2 and voltage-gated sodium channel in the IR zone was significantly downregulated in db/db mice, which was ameliorated with ranolazine pretreatment and might play a role in the anti-arrhythmic actions of ranolazine in db/db mouse hearts with IR injury.
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Foulquier F, Legrand D. Biometals and glycosylation in humans: Congenital disorders of glycosylation shed lights into the crucial role of Golgi manganese homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129674. [PMID: 32599014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
About half of the eukaryotic proteins bind biometals that participate in their structure and functions in virtually all physiological processes, including glycosylation. After reviewing the biological roles and transport mechanisms of calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc and cobalt acting as cofactors of the metalloproteins involved in sugar metabolism and/or glycosylation, the paper will outline the pathologies resulting from a dysregulation of these metals homeostasis and more particularly Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDGs) caused by ion transporter defects. Highlighting of CDGs due to defects in SLC39A8 (ZIP8) and TMEM165, two proteins transporting manganese from the extracellular space to cytosol and from cytosol to the Golgi lumen, respectively, has emphasized the importance of manganese homeostasis for glycosylation. Based on our current knowledge of TMEM165 structure and functions, this review will draw a picture of known and putative mechanisms regulating manganese homeostasis in the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Foulquier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Dominique Legrand
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille F-59000, France.
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Bałaban J, Wierzbicki M, Zielińska M, Szczepaniak J, Sosnowska M, Daniluk K, Cysewski D, Koczoń P, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Effects of Graphene Oxide Nanofilm and Chicken Embryo Muscle Extract on Muscle Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Contraction. Molecules 2020; 25:E1991. [PMID: 32340398 PMCID: PMC7221809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding an effective muscle regeneration technique is a priority for regenerative medicine. It is known that the key factors determining tissue formation include cells, capable of proliferating and/or differentiating, a niche (surface) allowing their colonization and growth factors. The interaction between these factors, especially between the surface of the artificial niche and growth factors, is not entirely clear. Moreover, it seems that the use of a complex of complementary growth factors instead of a few strictly defined ones could increase the effectiveness of tissue maturation, including muscle tissue. In this study, we evaluated whether graphene oxide (GO) nanofilm, chicken embryo muscle extract (CEME), and GO combined with CEME would affect the differentiation and functional maturation of muscle precursor cells, as well as the ability to spontaneously contract a pseudo-tissue muscle. CEME was extracted on day 18 of embryogenesis. Muscle cells obtained from an 8-day-old chicken embryo limb bud were treated with GO and CEME. Cell morphology and differentiation were observed using different microscopy methods. Cytotoxicity and viability of cells were measured by lactate dehydrogenase and Vybrant Cell Proliferation assays. Gene expression of myogenic regulatory genes was measured by Real-Time PCR. Our results demonstrate that CEME, independent of the culture surface, was the main factor influencing the intense differentiation of muscle progenitor cells. The present results, for the first time, clearly demonstrated that the cultured tissue-like structure was capable of inducing contractions without externally applied impulses. It has been indicated that a small amount of CEME in media (about 1%) allows the culture of pseudo-tissue muscle capable of spontaneous contraction. The study showed that the graphene oxide may be used as a niche for differentiating muscle cells, but the decisive influence on the maturation of muscle tissue, especially muscle contractions, depends on the complexity of the applied growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaśmina Bałaban
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.W.); (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.W.); (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Marlena Zielińska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.W.); (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Jarosław Szczepaniak
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.W.); (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Malwina Sosnowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.W.); (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Karolina Daniluk
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.W.); (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.W.); (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (E.S.)
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Abstract
Ca2+ binding proteins (CBP) are of key importance for calcium to play its role as a pivotal second messenger. CBP bind Ca2+ in specific domains, contributing to the regulation of its concentration at the cytosol and intracellular stores. They also participate in numerous cellular functions by acting as Ca2+ transporters across cell membranes or as Ca2+-modulated sensors, i.e. decoding Ca2+ signals. Since CBP are integral to normal physiological processes, possible roles for them in a variety of diseases has attracted growing interest in recent years. In addition, research on CBP has been reinforced with advances in the structural characterization of new CBP family members. In this chapter we have updated a previous review on CBP, covering in more depth potential participation in physiopathological processes and candidacy for pharmacological targets in many diseases. We review intracellular CBP that contain the structural EF-hand domain: parvalbumin, calmodulin, S100 proteins, calcineurin and neuronal Ca2+ sensor proteins (NCS). We also address intracellular CBP lacking the EF-hand domain: annexins, CBP within intracellular Ca2+ stores (paying special attention to calreticulin and calsequestrin), proteins that contain a C2 domain (such as protein kinase C (PKC) or synaptotagmin) and other proteins of interest, such as regucalcin or proprotein convertase subtisilin kexins (PCSK). Finally, we summarise the latest findings on extracellular CBP, classified according to their Ca2+ binding structures: (i) EF-hand domains; (ii) EGF-like domains; (iii) ɣ-carboxyl glutamic acid (GLA)-rich domains; (iv) cadherin domains; (v) Ca2+-dependent (C)-type lectin-like domains; (vi) Ca2+-binding pockets of family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Lasa-Elgarresta J, Mosqueira-Martín L, Naldaiz-Gastesi N, Sáenz A, López de Munain A, Vallejo-Illarramendi A. Calcium Mechanisms in Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy with CAPN3 Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4548. [PMID: 31540302 PMCID: PMC6770289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy recessive 1 (LGMDR1), previously known as LGMD2A, is a rare disease caused by mutations in the CAPN3 gene. It is characterized by progressive weakness of shoulder, pelvic, and proximal limb muscles that usually appears in children and young adults and results in loss of ambulation within 20 years after disease onset in most patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in LGMDR1 remain mostly unknown, and to date, there is no effective treatment for this disease. Here, we review clinical and experimental evidence suggesting that dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in the skeletal muscle is a significant underlying event in this muscular dystrophy. We also review and discuss specific clinical features of LGMDR1, CAPN3 functions, novel putative targets for therapeutic strategies, and current approaches aiming to treat LGMDR1. These novel approaches may be clinically relevant not only for LGMDR1 but also for other muscular dystrophies with secondary calpainopathy or with abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis, such as LGMD2B/LGMDR2 or sporadic inclusion body myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaione Lasa-Elgarresta
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Mosqueira-Martín
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Neia Naldaiz-Gastesi
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Amets Sáenz
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Departmento de Neurosciencias, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, Neurology Department, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Ainara Vallejo-Illarramendi
- Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Grupo Neurociencias, Departmento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Donostia, UPV/EHU, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
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12
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Underlying mechanism of the contractile dysfunction in atrophied ventricular myocytes from a murine model of hypothyroidism. Cell Calcium 2018; 72:26-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Abstract
The protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family is a group of multifunctional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enzymes that mediate the formation of disulfide bonds, catalyze the cysteine-based redox reactions and assist the quality control of client proteins. Recent structural and functional studies have demonstrated that PDI members not only play an essential role in the proteostasis in the ER but also exert diverse effects in numerous human disorders including cancer and neurodege-nerative diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that PDI is actively involved in the proliferation, survival, and metastasis of several types of cancer cells. Although the molecular mechanism by which PDI contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis remains to be understood, PDI is now emerging as a new therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In fact, several attempts have been made to develop PDI inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we discuss the properties and diverse functions of human PDI proteins and focus on recent findings regarding their roles in the state of diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoug Lee
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Do Hee Lee
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
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14
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Gergs U, Fahrion CM, Bock P, Fischer M, Wache H, Hauptmann S, Schmitz W, Neumann J. Evidence for a functional role of calsequestrin 2 in mouse atrium. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:669-682. [PMID: 27484853 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Several genetically modified mice models were studied so far to investigate the role of cardiac calsequestrin (CSQ2) for the contractile function of the ventricle and for the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia. Using a CSQ2 knockout mouse, we wanted to study also the atrial function of CSQ2. METHODS The influence of CSQ2 on atrial function and, for comparison, ventricular function was studied in isolated cardiac preparations and by echocardiography as well as electrocardiography in mice with deletion of CSQ2. RESULTS Using deletion of exon 1, we have successfully generated a constitutive knockout mouse of the calsequestrin 2 gene (CSQ2-/- ). CSQ2 protein was absent in the heart (atrium, ventricle), but also in oesophagus and skeletal muscle of homozygous knockout mice. In 6-month-old CSQ2-/- mice, relative left atrial weight was increased, whereas relative heart weight was unchanged. The staircase phenomena in paced left atrial preparations on force of contraction and the post-rest potentiation were different between wild type and CSQ2-/- indicative for a decreased sarcoplasmic Ca2+ load and supporting an important role of CSQ2 also in the atrium. The incidence of arrhythmias was increased in CSQ2-/- . In 2-year-old CSQ2-/- mice, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure were noted possibly as a result of chronically increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels. CONCLUSION These data suggest a functional role of CSQ2 not only in the ventricle but also in the atrium of mammalian hearts. Loss of CSQ2 function can cause not only arrhythmias, but also cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie; Medizinische Fakultät; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Halle/Saale Germany
| | - C. M. Fahrion
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie; Medizinische Fakultät; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Halle/Saale Germany
| | - P. Bock
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie; Medizinische Fakultät; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Halle/Saale Germany
| | - M. Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie; Medizinische Fakultät; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Halle/Saale Germany
| | - H. Wache
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie; Medizinische Fakultät; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Halle/Saale Germany
| | - S. Hauptmann
- Institut für Pathologie am Krankenhaus Düren gGmbH; Düren Germany
| | - W. Schmitz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie; Universitätsklinikum Münster; Münster Germany
| | - J. Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie; Medizinische Fakultät; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Halle/Saale Germany
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15
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de Alba-Aguayo DR, Pavón N, Mercado-Morales M, Miranda-Saturnino M, López-Casamichana M, Guerrero-Hernández A, Rueda A. Increased calcium leak associated with reduced calsequestrin expression in hyperthyroid cardiomyocytes. Cell Calcium 2017; 62:29-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Calsequestrin depolymerizes when calcium is depleted in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of working muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E638-E647. [PMID: 28069951 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620265114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Calsequestrin, the only known protein with cyclical storage and supply of calcium as main role, is proposed to have other functions, which remain unproven. Voluntary movement and the heart beat require this calcium flow to be massive and fast. How does calsequestrin do it? To bind large amounts of calcium in vitro, calsequestrin must polymerize and then depolymerize to release it. Does this rule apply inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of a working cell? We answered using fluorescently tagged calsequestrin expressed in muscles of mice. By FRAP and imaging we monitored mobility of calsequestrin as [Ca2+] in the SR--measured with a calsequestrin-fused biosensor--was lowered. We found that calsequestrin is polymerized within the SR at rest and that it depolymerized as [Ca2+] went down: fully when calcium depletion was maximal (a condition achieved with an SR calcium channel opening drug) and partially when depletion was limited (a condition imposed by fatiguing stimulation, long-lasting depolarization, or low drug concentrations). With fluorescence and electron microscopic imaging we demonstrated massive movements of calsequestrin accompanied by drastic morphological SR changes in fully depleted cells. When cells were partially depleted no remodeling was found. The present results support the proposed role of calsequestrin in termination of calcium release by conformationally inducing closure of SR channels. A channel closing switch operated by calsequestrin depolymerization will limit depletion, thereby preventing full disassembly of the polymeric calsequestrin network and catastrophic structural changes in the SR.
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17
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Morris CP, Bennuru S, Kropp LE, Zweben JA, Meng Z, Taylor RT, Chan K, Veenstra TD, Nutman TB, Mitre E. A Proteomic Analysis of the Body Wall, Digestive Tract, and Reproductive Tract of Brugia malayi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004054. [PMID: 26367142 PMCID: PMC4569401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Filarial worms are parasitic nematodes that cause devastating diseases such as lymphatic filariasis (LF) and onchocerciasis. Filariae are nematodes with complex anatomy including fully developed digestive tracts and reproductive organs. To better understand the basic biology of filarial parasites and to provide insights into drug targets and vaccine design, we conducted a proteomic analysis of different anatomic fractions of Brugia malayi, a causative agent of LF. Approximately 500 adult female B. malayi worms were dissected, and three anatomical fractions (body wall, digestive tract, and reproductive tract) were obtained. Proteins from each anatomical fraction were extracted, desalted, trypsinized, and analyzed by microcapillary reverse-phase liquid chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry. In total, we identified 4,785 B. malayi proteins. While 1,894 were identified in all three anatomic fractions, 396 were positively identified only within the digestive tract, 114 only within the body wall, and 1,011 only within the reproductive tract. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed a bias for transporters to be present within the digestive tract, suggesting that the intestine of adult filariae is functional and important for nutrient uptake or waste removal. As expected, the body wall exhibited increased frequencies of cytoskeletal proteins, and the reproductive tract had increased frequencies of proteins involved in nuclear regulation and transcription. In assessing for possible vaccine candidates, we focused on proteins sequestered within the digestive tract, as these could possibly represent “hidden antigens” with low risk of prior allergic sensitization. We identified 106 proteins that are enriched in the digestive tract and are predicted to localize to the surface of cells in the the digestive tract. It is possible that some of these proteins are on the luminal surface and may be accessible by antibodies ingested by the worm. A subset of 27 of these proteins appear especially promising vaccine candidates as they contain significant non-cytoplasmic domains, only 1–2 transmembrane domains, and a high degree of homology to W. bancrofti and/or O. volvulus. Filarial worms are parasitic worms that can live for years within humans and cause diseases such as elephantiasis and river blindness. In this study, we identified the proteins that exist within the worm's digestive tract, reproductive tract, and body wall. In addition to increasing our understanding of the basic biology of these parasites, this information is valuable for predicting which proteins may be candidates for vaccine development and rational drug design. Specifically, by analyzing which intestinal proteins are likely expressed on the surface of cells contained within the parasite's digestive tract and have little similarity to human proteins, we identified 27 possible vaccine candidates that warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Paul Morris
- Department of Microbiology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sasisekhar Bennuru
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Kropp
- Department of Microbiology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jesse A. Zweben
- Department of Microbiology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhaojing Meng
- Protein Characterization Laboratory Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rebekah T. Taylor
- Department of Biology, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - King Chan
- Protein Characterization Laboratory Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Veenstra
- Protein Characterization Laboratory Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas B. Nutman
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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SOUKUP T, DIALLO M. Proportions of Myosin Heavy Chain mRNAs, Protein Isoforms and Fiber Types in the Slow and Fast Skeletal Muscles Are Maintained After Alterations of Thyroid Status in Rats. Physiol Res 2015; 64:111-8. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have established that slow soleus (SOL) and fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of euthyroid (EU) Lewis rats posses the same proportions between their four myosin heavy chain (MyHC) mRNAs, protein isoforms and fiber types as determined by real time RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE and 2-D stereological fiber type analysis, respectively. In the present paper we investigated if these proportions are maintained in adult Lewis rats with hyperthyroid (HT) and hypothyroid (HY) status. Although HT and HY states change MyHC isoform expression, results from all three methods showed that proportion between MyHC mRNA-1, ‑2a, -2x/d, -2b, protein isoforms MyHC-1, -2a, -2x/d, -2b and to lesser extent also fiber types 1, 2A, 2X/D, 2B were preserved in both SOL and EDL muscles. Furthermore, in the SOL muscle mRNA expression of slow MyHC-1 remained up to three orders higher compared to fast MyHC transcripts, which explains the predominance of MyHC-1 isoform and fiber type 1 even in HT rats. Although HT status led in the SOL to increased expression of MyHC-2a mRNA, MyHC-2a isoform and 2A fibers, it preserved extremely low expression of MyHC-2x and -2b mRNA and protein isoforms, which explains the absence of pure 2X/D and 2B fibers. HY status, on the other hand, almost completely abolished expression of all three fast MyHC mRNAs, MyHC protein isoforms and fast fiber types in the SOL muscle. Our data present evidence that a correlation between mRNA, protein content and fiber type composition found in EU status is also preserved in HT and HY rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. SOUKUP
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Shiels HA, Galli GL. The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and the Evolution of the Vertebrate Heart. Physiology (Bethesda) 2014; 29:456-69. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00015.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is crucial for contraction and relaxation of the mammalian cardiomyocyte, but its role in other vertebrate classes is equivocal. Recent evidence suggests differences in SR function across species may have an underlying structural basis. Here, we discuss how SR recruitment relates to the structural organization of the cardiomyocyte to provide new insight into the evolution of cardiac design and function in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A. Shiels
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gina L.J. Galli
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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20
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Soukup T. Effects of long-term thyroid hormone level alterations, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and statin administration in rats. Physiol Res 2014; 63:S119-31. [PMID: 24564652 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play multiple roles in the organism and alterations of their levels can result in many pathological changes. Currently, we use hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats as "models of a diseased organism" and analyze whether n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) administration can ameliorate TH-induced pathophysiological changes. We investigate myosin heavy chain composition, calsequestrin levels, changes in cardiac tissue remodeling and cell-to-cell communication, expression of protein kinases, mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress markers and cell death, changes in serum lipid levels, activities of key enzymes of thyroid hormone metabolism, activity of acetylcholine esterase and membrane anisotropy, as well as mobile behavior and thermal sensitivity. Additionally we also mention our pilot experiments dealing with the effect of statin administration on skeletal muscles and sensory functions. As THs and n-3 PUFA possess multiple sites of potential action, we hope that our complex research will contribute to a better understanding of their actions, which can be useful in the treatment of different pathophysiological events including cardiac insufficiency in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Soukup
- Department of Functional Morphology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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21
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Effect of altered innervation and thyroid hormones on myosin heavy chain expression and fiber type transitions: a mini-review. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 143:123-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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22
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Pereira JA, Matsumura CY, Minatel E, Marques MJ, Santo Neto H. Understanding the beneficial effects of doxycycline on the dystrophic phenotype of the mdx
mouse. Muscle Nerve 2014; 50:283-6. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Alves Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo 13083-865 Brazil
| | - Cintia Yuri Matsumura
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo 13083-865 Brazil
| | - Elaine Minatel
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo 13083-865 Brazil
| | - Maria Julia Marques
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo 13083-865 Brazil
| | - Humberto Santo Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo 13083-865 Brazil
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23
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Salvatore D, Simonides WS, Dentice M, Zavacki AM, Larsen PR. Thyroid hormones and skeletal muscle--new insights and potential implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10:206-14. [PMID: 24322650 PMCID: PMC4037849 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone signalling regulates crucial biological functions, including energy expenditure, thermogenesis, development and growth. The skeletal muscle is a major target of thyroid hormone signalling. The type 2 and 3 iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO2 and DIO3, respectively) have been identified in skeletal muscle. DIO2 expression is tightly regulated and catalyses outer-ring monodeiodination of the secreted prohormone tetraiodothyronine (T4) to generate the active hormone tri-iodothyronine (T3). T3 can remain in the myocyte to signal through nuclear receptors or exit the cell to mix with the extracellular pool. By contrast, DIO3 inactivates T3 through removal of an inner-ring iodine. Regulation of the expression and activity of deiodinases constitutes a cell-autonomous, pre-receptor mechanism for controlling the intracellular concentration of T3. This local control of T3 activity is crucial during the various phases of myogenesis. Here, we review the roles of T3 in skeletal muscle development and homeostasis, with a focus on the emerging local deiodinase-mediated control of T3 signalling. Moreover, we discuss these novel findings in the context of both muscle homeostasis and pathology, and examine how skeletal muscle deiodinase activity might be therapeutically harnessed to improve satellite-cell-mediated muscle repair in patients with skeletal muscle disorders, muscle atrophy or injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples 'Federico II', Building 1, 1st floor, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Warner S Simonides
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Centre, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples 'Federico II', Building 1, 1st floor, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ann Marie Zavacki
- Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, HIM room 641, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - P Reed Larsen
- Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, HIM room 641, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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ŽURMANOVÁ J, SOUKUP T. Comparison of Myosin Heavy Chain mRNAs, Protein Isoforms and Fiber Type Proportions in the Rat Slow and Fast Muscles. Physiol Res 2013; 62:445-53. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms at mRNA and protein levels as well as fiber type composition in the fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow soleus (SOL) twitch muscles of adult inbred Lewis strain rats. Comparison of the results from Real Time RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE and fiber type analysis showed corresponding proportions of MyHC transcripts (MyHC-1, -2a, -2x/d, -2b), protein isoforms (MyHC-1, -2a, -2x/d, -2b) and fiber types (type 1, 2A, 2X/D, 2B) in both muscles. Furthermore, we found that slow MyHC-1 mRNA expression in the SOL was up to three orders higher than that of fast MyHC transcripts. This finding can explain the predominance of MyHC-1 isoform and fiber type 1 and the absence of pure 2X/D and 2B fibers in the SOL muscle. Based on our data presenting quantitative evidence of corresponding proportions between mRNA level, protein content and fiber type composition, we suggest that the Real Time RT-PCR technique can be used as a routine method for analysis of muscle composition changes and could be advantageous for the analysis of scant biological samples such as muscle biopsies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T. SOUKUP
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors during endoplasmic reticulum stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1612-24. [PMID: 23380704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) performs multiple functions in the cell: it is the major site of protein and lipid synthesis as well as the most important intracellular Ca(2+) reservoir. Adverse conditions, including a decrease in the ER Ca(2+) level or an increase in oxidative stress, impair the formation of new proteins, resulting in ER stress. The subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular attempt to lower the burden on the ER and to restore ER homeostasis by imposing a general arrest in protein synthesis, upregulating chaperone proteins and degrading misfolded proteins. This response can also lead to autophagy and, if the stress can not be alleviated, to apoptosis. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) and IP3-induced Ca(2+) signaling are important players in these processes. Not only is the IP3R activity modulated in a dual way during ER stress, but also other key proteins involved in Ca(2+) signaling are modulated. Changes also occur at the structural level with a strengthening of the contacts between the ER and the mitochondria, which are important determinants of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake. The resulting cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca(2+) signals will control cellular decisions that either promote cell survival or cause their elimination via apoptosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
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26
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SOUKUP T, SULIMENKO V, MARKOVÁ V, KOPECKÁ K, ZACHAŘOVÁ G, PALEČEK J. Expression of the Skeletal Calsequestrin Isoform in Normal and Regenerated Skeletal Muscles and in the Hearts of Rats With Altered Thyroid Status. Physiol Res 2012; 61:575-86. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated expression of skeletal calsequestrin (CSQ1) and fiber type composition in normal and regenerated fast and slow skeletal muscles and in the left heart ventricles of euthyroid (EU), hypothyroid (HY) and hyperthyroid (TH) adult inbred Lewis strain rats. The CSQ1 level was determined by SDS-PAGE followed by Western blot analysis. CSQ1 gene expression was assessed using reverse transcription and subsequent real time polymerase chain reaction. Muscle regeneration was achieved by intramuscular grafting of either soleus or extensor digitorum longus (EDL) from 3- to 4-week-old rats to either EDL or soleus muscle of 2-month-old rats. The fiber type composition was assessed by a stereological method applied to stained muscle cross sections. We found that the protein and mRNA levels for CSQ1 were highest in the EDL muscle, the relative CSQ1 protein levels in the soleus muscle were two times lower and the transcript levels more than 5 times lower compared to the EDL. In the left heart ventricle, protein isoform and CSQ1 transcript were also present, although at protein level, CSQ1 was hardly detectable. TH status increased and HY status decreased the expression of CSQ1 in the EDL, but its relative levels in the soleus and in the heart did not change. The regenerated soleus transplanted into EDL, as well as EDL transplanted into soleus exhibited protein and mRNA levels of CSQ1 corresponding to the host muscle and not to the graft source. TH status increased the percentages of the fastest 2X/D and 2B fibers at the expense of slow type 1 and fast 2A fibers in the EDL and that of fast 2A fibers in the soleus at the expense of slow type 1 fibers. HY status led to converse fiber type changes. We suggest that the observed changes in CSQ1 levels in TH and HY compared to EU rats can be related to fiber type changes caused by alteration of the thyroid status rather than to the direct effect of thyroid hormones on CSQ1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. SOUKUP
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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27
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Zarain-Herzberg A, Estrada-Avilés R, Fragoso-Medina J. Regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and calsequestrin gene expression in the heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1017-28. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The precise control of Ca2+levels during the contraction–relaxation cycle in cardiac myocytes is extremely important for normal beat-to-beat contractile activity. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) plays a key role controlling calcium concentration in the cytosol. The SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) transports Ca2+inside the SR lumen during relaxation of the cardiac myocyte. Calsequestrin (Casq2) is the main protein in the SR lumen, functioning as a Ca2+buffer and participating in Ca2+release by interacting with the ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) Ca2+-release channel. Alterations in normal Ca2+handling significantly contribute to the contractile dysfunction observed in cardiac hypertrophy and in heart failure. Transcriptional regulation of the SERCA2 gene has been extensively studied and some of the mechanisms regulating its expression have been elucidated. Overexpression of Sp1 factor in cardiac hypertrophy downregulates SERCA2 gene expression and increased levels of thyroid hormone up-regulates its transcription. Other hormones such norepinephrine, angiotensin II, endothelin-1, parathyroid hormone, prostaglandin-F2α, as well the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 also downregulate SERCA2 expression. Calcium acting through the calcineurin–NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) pathway has been suggested to regulate SERCA2 and CASQ2 gene expression. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding transcriptional regulation of SERCA2 and CASQ2 genes in the normal and pathologic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Zarain-Herzberg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Rafael Estrada-Avilés
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Jorge Fragoso-Medina
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
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Hernández A, Schiffer TA, Ivarsson N, Cheng AJ, Bruton JD, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Westerblad H. Dietary nitrate increases tetanic [Ca2+]i and contractile force in mouse fast-twitch muscle. J Physiol 2012; 590:3575-83. [PMID: 22687611 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.232777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary inorganic nitrate has profound effects on health and physiological responses to exercise. Here, we examined if nitrate, in doses readily achievable via a normal diet, could improve Ca(2+) handling and contractile function using fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles from C57bl/6 male mice given 1 mm sodium nitrate in water for 7 days. Age matched controls were provided water without added nitrate. In fast-twitch muscle fibres dissected from nitrate treated mice, myoplasmic free [Ca(2+)] was significantly greater than in Control fibres at stimulation frequencies from 20 to 150 Hz, which resulted in a major increase in contractile force at ≤ 50 Hz. At 100 Hz stimulation, the rate of force development was ∼35% faster in the nitrate group. These changes in nitrate treated mice were accompanied by increased expression of the Ca(2+) handling proteins calsequestrin 1 and the dihydropyridine receptor. No changes in force or calsequestrin 1 and dihydropyridine receptor expression were measured in slow-twitch muscles. In conclusion, these results show a striking effect of nitrate supplementation on intracellular Ca(2+) handling in fast-twitch muscle resulting in increased force production. A new mechanism is revealed by which nitrate can exert effects on muscle function with applications to performance and a potential therapeutic role in conditions with muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Hernández
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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ŘÍČNÝ J, SOUKUP T. Comparison of New ELISA Method With Established SDS-PAGE Method for Determination of Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms. Physiol Res 2011; 60:899-904. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a new method for the quantitative determination of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms taking advantage of immunochemical differences and based on the ELISA principle. In the present paper we compare analysis of MyHC isoforms using the SDS-PAGE and the ELISA methods in the same samples of adult female inbred Lewis strain euthyroid, hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats. In all thyroid states, the same composition and corresponding changes of MyHC isoforms were determined using both methodological approaches in the slow soleus and the fast extensor digitorum longus muscles. Our results showed that ELISA can be used for a “semi-quantitative” or “comparative” measurement of MyHC isoforms in multiple muscle samples, but that it is neither more exact nor faster compared to SDS-PAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T. SOUKUP
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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