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Zhang Q, Zhang L, Lin G, Luo F. The protective role of vagus nerve stimulation in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30952. [PMID: 38770302 PMCID: PMC11103530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) encompasses the damage resulting from the restoration of blood supply following tissue ischemia. This phenomenon commonly occurs in clinical scenarios such as hemorrhagic shock, severe trauma, organ transplantation, and thrombolytic therapy. Despite its prevalence, existing treatments exhibit limited efficacy against IRI. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a widely utilized technique for modulating the autonomic nervous system. Numerous studies have demonstrated that VNS significantly reduces IRI in various organs, including the heart, brain, and liver. This article reviews the pathological processes during IRI and summarizes the role and possible mechanisms of VNS in IRI of different organs. Furthermore, this review addresses the current challenges of VNS clinical applications, providing a novel perspective on IRI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Guoqiang Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Fanyan Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
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2
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Ciubuc-Batcu MT, Stapelberg NJC, Headrick JP, Renshaw GMC. A mitochondrial nexus in major depressive disorder: Integration with the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine network. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166920. [PMID: 37913835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system processes, including cognition and affective state, fundamentally rely on mitochondria. Impaired mitochondrial function is evident in major depressive disorder (MDD), reflecting cumulative detrimental influences of both extrinsic and intrinsic stressors, genetic predisposition, and mutation. Glucocorticoid 'stress' pathways converge on mitochondria; oxidative and nitrosative stresses in MDD are largely mitochondrial in origin; both initiate cascades promoting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage with disruptions to mitochondrial biogenesis and tryptophan catabolism. Mitochondrial dysfunction facilitates proinflammatory dysbiosis while directly triggering immuno-inflammatory activation via released mtDNA, mitochondrial lipids and mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs), further disrupting mitochondrial function and mitochondrial quality control, promoting the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria (confirmed in autopsy studies). Established and putative mechanisms highlight a mitochondrial nexus within the psycho-immune neuroendocrine (PINE) network implicated in MDD. Whether lowering neuronal resilience and thresholds for disease, or linking mechanistic nodes within the MDD pathogenic network, impaired mitochondrial function emerges as an important risk, a functional biomarker, providing a therapeutic target in MDD. Several treatment modalities have been demonstrated to reset mitochondrial function, which could benefit those with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Ciubuc-Batcu
- Griffith University School of Medicine and Dentistry, Australia; Gold Coast Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - N J C Stapelberg
- Bond University Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Australia; Gold Coast Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - J P Headrick
- Griffith University School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Australia
| | - G M C Renshaw
- Hypoxia and Ischemia Research Unit, Griffith University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Australia.
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3
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Costa SO, Chaves WF, Lopes PKF, Silva IM, Burguer B, Ignácio-Souza LM, Torsoni AS, Milanski M, Rodrigues HG, Desai M, Ross MG, Torsoni MA. Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet modulates the inflammatory response in their offspring, mediated by the M1 muscarinic receptor. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273556. [PMID: 38193079 PMCID: PMC10773672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is associated with various metabolic disorders and diseases. Both pre-pregnancy and maternal obesity can have long-term consequences on offspring health. Furthermore, consuming an HFD in adulthood significantly increases the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders. However, an intriguing phenomenon known as the obesity paradox suggests that obesity may confer a protective effect on mortality outcomes in sepsis. In sepsis, activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) can help mitigate systemic inflammation. We employed a metabolic programming model to explore the relationship between maternal HFD consumption and offspring response to sepsis. Methods We fed female mice either a standard diet (SC) or an HFD during the pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation periods. Subsequently, we evaluated 28-day-old male offspring. Results Notably, we discovered that offspring from HFD-fed dams (HFD-O) exhibited a higher survival rate compared with offspring from SC-fed dams (SC-O). Importantly, inhibition of the m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (m1mAChR), involved in the CAP, in the hypothalamus abolished this protection. The expression of m1mAChR in the hypothalamus was higher in HFD-O at different ages, peaking on day 28. Treatment with an m1mAChR agonist could modulate the inflammatory response in peripheral tissues. Specifically, CAP activation was greater in the liver of HFD-O following agonist treatment. Interestingly, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge failed to induce a more inflammatory state in HFD-O, in contrast to SC-O, and agonist treatment had no additional effect. Analysis of spleen immune cells revealed a distinct phenotype in HFD-O, characterized by elevated levels of CD4+ lymphocytes rather than CD8+ lymphocytes. Moreover, basal Il17 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were lower while Il22 mRNA levels were higher in HFD-O, and we observed the same pattern after LPS challenge. Discussion Further examination of myeloid cells isolated from bone marrow and allowed to differentiate showed that HFD-O macrophages displayed an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Additionally, treatment with the m1mAChR agonist contributed to reducing inflammatory marker levels in both groups. In summary, our findings demonstrate that HFD-O are protected against LPS-induced sepsis, and this protection is mediated by the central m1mAChR. Moreover, the inflammatory response in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow-differentiated macrophages is diminished. However, more extensive analysis is necessary to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which m1mAChR modulates the immune response during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyma Oliveira Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Wenicios Ferreira Chaves
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Iracema M. Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Burguer
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Leticia M. Ignácio-Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hosana Gomes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Mina Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Michael Glenn Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Zhou L, Lian H, Yin Y, Zheng YS, Han YX, Liu GQ, Wang ZY. New insights into muscularis macrophages in the gut: from their origin to therapeutic targeting. Immunol Res 2023; 71:785-799. [PMID: 37219708 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Muscularis macrophages, as the most abundant immune cells in the intestinal muscularis externa, exhibit tissue protective phenotype in the steady state. Owing to tremendous advances in technology, we now know the fact that muscularis macrophages are a heterogeneous population of cells which could be divided into different functional subsets depending on their anatomic niches. There is emerging evidence showing that these subsets, through molecular interactions with their neighbours, take part in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the gut. In this review, we summarize recent progress (particularly over the past 4 years) on distribution, morphology, origin and functions of muscularis macrophages and, where possible, the characteristics of specific subsets in response to the microenvironment they occupy, with particular emphasis on their role in muscular inflammation. Furthermore, we also integrate their role in inflammation-related gastrointestinal disorders, such as post-operative ileus and diabetic gastroparesis, in order to propose future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hui Lian
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yu-Xin Han
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Gao-Qi Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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Kaplan A, Lakkis B, El-Samadi L, Karaayvaz EB, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Cooling Down Inflammation in the Cardiovascular System via the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 82:241-265. [PMID: 37539950 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Inflammation is a major player in many cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. In many individuals, these conditions coexist and mutually exacerbate each other's progression. The pathophysiology of these diseases entails the active involvement of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Immune cells that possess the α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on their surface have the potential to be targeted through both pharmacological and electrical stimulation of the cholinergic system. The cholinergic system regulates the inflammatory response to various stressors in different organ systems by systematically suppressing spleen-derived monocytes and chemokines and locally improving immune cell function. Research on the cardiovascular system has demonstrated the potential for atheroma plaque stabilization and regression as favorable outcomes. Smaller infarct size and reduced fibrosis have been associated with improved cardiac function and a decrease in adverse cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, enhanced electrical stability of the myocardium can lead to a reduction in the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia. In addition, improving mitochondrial dysfunction and decreasing oxidative stress can result in less myocardial tissue damage caused by reperfusion injury. Restoring baroreflex activity and reduction in renal damage can promote blood pressure regulation and help counteract hypertension. Thus, the present review highlights the potential of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation as a natural approach to alleviate the adverse consequences of inflammation in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Cardiology, Kemer Public Hospital, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey
- The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bachir Lakkis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lana El-Samadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ekrem Bilal Karaayvaz
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; and
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; and
- Department of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, France
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Gravina AG, Pellegrino R, Durante T, Palladino G, Imperio G, D'Amico G, Trotta MC, Dallio M, Romeo M, D'Amico M, Federico A. The Melanocortin System in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Insights into Its Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials. Cells 2023; 12:1889. [PMID: 37508552 PMCID: PMC10378568 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin system is a complex set of molecular mediators and receptors involved in many physiological and homeostatic processes. These include the regulation of melanogenesis, steroidogenesis, neuromodulation and the modulation of inflammatory processes. In the latter context, the system has assumed importance in conditions of chronic digestive inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), in which numerous experiences have been accumulated in mouse models of colitis. Indeed, information on how such a system can counteract colitis inflammation and intervene in the complex cytokine imbalance in the intestinal microenvironment affected by chronic inflammatory damage has emerged. This review summarises the evidence acquired so far and highlights that molecules interfering with the melanocortin system could represent new drugs for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Gerarda Gravina
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pellegrino
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Tommaso Durante
- Mental Health Department, S. Pio Hospital, Via dell'Angelo, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giovanna Palladino
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Imperio
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Romeo
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Wang M, Liu W, Ge J, Liu S. The immunomodulatory mechanisms for acupuncture practice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147718. [PMID: 37090714 PMCID: PMC10117649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The system physiology approaches that emerge in western countries in recent years echo the holistic view of ancient Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practices that deal with the root, rather than only the symptoms of diseases. Particularly, TCM practices, including acupuncture, emphasize the mobilization of self-healing mechanisms to bring back body homeostasis. Acupuncture has been practiced for over two thousand years to modulate body physiology via stimulation at specific body regions (acupoints). With the development of various research on acupuncture therapy, its regulatory effect on the immune system has been gradually recognized, especially on immunological diseases, including infectious and allergic diseases. In this study, we reviewed the immunomodulatory mechanism of acupuncture and systematically integrates existing research to respectively elucidate the modulatory mechanisms of acupuncture on the innate immune system, adaptive immune system, and well-known neuroanatomical mechanisms, including intact somatosensory-autonomic reflex pathway. With the advances made in recent systems physiology studies, we now have a great opportunity to gain insight into how acupuncture modulates immunity, and subsequently improves its efficacy.
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Mahmoudzadeh L, Abtahi Froushani SM, Ajami M, Mahmoudzadeh M. Effect of Nicotine on Immune System Function. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:69-78. [PMID: 36721811 PMCID: PMC9871277 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As a parasympathetic alkaloid and the main substance in cigarette smoke, nicotine modulates the immune system, inhibits innate and acquired immunity and is used in treating many autoimmune diseases. It often stimulates the α7 receptor and causes an anti-inflammatory state in the body. This study is designed to evaluate the role of nicotine treatment on immune system. The results showed that nicotine affects many cells in immune system, alters the downstream intracellular mechanisms and changes lymphocytes polarization. This substance alters TLRs and STATs gene expression and thus changes in the innate immune system. All these events inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines which increase angiogenesis and metastasis and exacerbates tumors due to increasing survival and cell growth. Nicotine can aggravate tumors in cancer patients, with many positive effects observed in the treating autoimmune disease, Nicotine treatment function in different conditions depends on factors such as concentration, how it is employed, treatment duration and other conditions such as body conditions affecting the immune system, hence, further studies and review of all conditions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- leila Mahmoudzadeh
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Marjan Ajami
- Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudzadeh
- Nutrition Research Center and Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Maryam Mahmoudzadeh, Fax:+98 41 33363231,
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An Overview of the Molecular Cues and Their Intracellular Signaling Shared by Cancer and the Nervous System: From Neurotransmitters to Synaptic Proteins, Anatomy of an All-Inclusive Cooperation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314695. [PMID: 36499024 PMCID: PMC9739679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an overview of the molecular cues and their intracellular signaling involved in the crosstalk between cancer and the nervous system. While "cancer neuroscience" as a field is still in its infancy, the relation between cancer and the nervous system has been known for a long time, and a huge body of experimental data provides evidence that tumor-nervous system connections are widespread. They encompass different mechanisms at different tumor progression steps, are multifaceted, and display some intriguing analogies with the nervous system's physiological processes. Overall, we can say that many of the paradigmatic "hallmarks of cancer" depicted by Weinberg and Hanahan are affected by the nervous system in a variety of manners.
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Mertens MG, Meeus M, Noten S, Verborgt O, Fransen E, Lluch Girbés E, Aguilar Rodríguez M, Navarro-Ledesma S, Fernandez-Sanchez M, Luque-Suarez A, Struyf F, Dueñas L. Understanding the clinical profile of patients with frozen shoulder: a longitudinal multicentre observational study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056563. [PMID: 36410809 PMCID: PMC9680192 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a large diversity in the clinical presentation of frozen shoulder (FS) and the clinical outcome is not always satisfactory. The aim of the current study was to examine to what extent range of motion (ROM) limitation, metabolic factors (diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders), autonomic symptoms and pain sensitivity may contribute to the prognosis in terms of shoulder pain and disability and quality of life in patients with FS. METHODS Patients with stage 1 or 2 FS were longitudinally followed-up during 9 months after baseline assessment. They completed six questionnaires and underwent quantitative sensory testing (pressure pain thresholds, temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation) and ROM assessment. RESULTS One hundred and forty-nine patients with FS were initially recruited and 121 completed at least one follow-up measurement. Shoulder pain and disability improved over time and diabetes mellitus was found to be a prognostic factor for final outcome. Several domains of quality of life also improved over time and external rotation ROM, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorder and autonomic symptoms were found to be prognostic factors for final outcome. These prognostic factors explained 2.5%-6.3% of the final outcome of shoulder pain and disability and quality of life. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In patients with FS, prognostic variables were able to predict different outcomes, indicating that outcomes in this population can be variable-dependent. Other variables not explored in this study might contribute to the prognosis of patients with FS, which should be investigated in future research. In clinical practice, baseline assessment of prognostic factors and focusing on a more holistic approach might be useful to inform healthcare practitioners about progression of patients with FS during a 9-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Gcam Mertens
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Pain in Motion international Research Group, www.paininmotion.be, Belgium
| | - Mira Meeus
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Pain in Motion international Research Group, www.paininmotion.be, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Suzie Noten
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC University medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Rijndam Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Verborgt
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, AZ Monica, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Enrique Lluch Girbés
- Pain in Motion international Research Group, www.paininmotion.be, Belgium
- Physiotherapy in Motion, Multi-Specialty Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marta Aguilar Rodríguez
- Physiotherapy in Motion, Multi-Specialty Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Filip Struyf
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen Campus Drie Eiken, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lirios Dueñas
- Physiotherapy in Motion, Multi-Specialty Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Mertens MG, Struyf F, Lluch Girbes E, Dueñas L, Verborgt O, Meeus M. Autonomic Nervous System Function and Central Pain Processing in People With Frozen Shoulder: A Case-control Study. Clin J Pain 2022; 38:659-669. [PMID: 36111678 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The pathophysiology of a frozen shoulder (FS) is thought to be related to chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation may disturb the immune system and consequently the nervous system as part of an overarching system. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of disturbed autonomic nervous system function and altered central pain processing (CPP) in patients with FS. Secondarily, the presence of psychological variables (catastrophizing and hypervigilance) and self-reported associated symptoms of altered CPP in patients with FS were investigated. METHODS Patients with FS and healthy controls completed the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (autonomic function) and underwent quantitative sensory testing to assess tactile sensitivity (ie, allodynia), pressure pain thresholds (PPTs, ie, hyperalgesia), temporal summation of pain, and Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM). Psychological issues were explored with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire, and self-reported symptoms associated with altered CPP were determined with the Central Sensitization Inventory. RESULTS Thirty-two patients with FS and 35 healthy controls were analyzed in the study. Patients with FS showed more self-reported autonomic symptoms and symptoms of altered CPP, higher levels of pain catastrophizing and hypervigilance, and are more sensitive to tactile touches and mechanical pressure compared with controls. DISCUSSION On the basis of the effect sizes, between-group differences in allodynia, hyperalgesia, catastrophizing, and hypervigilance were clinically relevant, but only local allodynia, hyperalgesia, catastrophizing, and hypervigilance were statistically different. Therefore, obvious altered CPP was not present at the group level in patients with FS compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel G Mertens
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk
- Pain in Motion International Research group
| | - Filip Struyf
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk
| | - Enrique Lluch Girbes
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy (KIMA), Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels
- Pain in Motion International Research group
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lirios Dueñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olivier Verborgt
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, AZ Monica, Antwerp
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Mira Meeus
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent
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12
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de Rojas Leal C, Lage-Sánchez JM, Pinel-Ríos J, León Plaza O, Hamad-Cueto O, Dawid de Vera MT, Dawid-Milner MS. Paraneoplastic autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy as the first symptom of bladder cancer: a case report and review of literature. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:4841-4845. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis—findings and relationships with clinical outcomes and fatigue severity. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:4829-4839. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Wang J, Cui JJ, Xu DS, Su YX, Liao JY, Wu S, Zou L, Guo YT, Shen Y, Bai WZ. Sensory and autonomic innervation of the local tissues at traditional acupuncture point locations GB14, ST2 and ST6. Acupunct Med 2022; 40:546-555. [PMID: 35579008 DOI: 10.1177/09645284221085579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To visualize and compare the sensory and autonomic innervation of the local tissues at the sites of different traditional acupuncture points in the rat forehead and face by histochemical examination. METHODS GB14 (Yangbai), ST2 (Sibai) and ST6 (Jiache) were selected as the representative traditional acupuncture points in this study, and the local tissues at these sites were dissected in rats after perfusion followed by double or triple fluorescent histochemical staining. Here, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) were used to label the sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers, respectively. RESULTS The CGRP+ sensory, TH+ sympathetic and VAChT+ parasympathetic nerve fibers were simultaneously demonstrated in the local tissues at GB14, ST2 and ST6. Although the three kinds of nerve fibers ran in parallel or intermingled with each other, by the analysis from the view of three-dimensional reconstruction, it was clear that each of them distributed in an independent pattern to their corresponding target tissues including the blood vessels, hair follicles, arrector pili and subcutaneous muscles, as well as sebaceous glands. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the sensory and autonomic innervation of the local tissues at GB14, ST2 and ST6, providing neurochemical evidence indicating that the CGRP+ sensory, TH+ sympathetic and VAChT+ parasympathetic nerve fibers form a neural network at these point locations that may respond to acupuncture stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Cui
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Xu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xin Su
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-Ying Liao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zou
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ting Guo
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Zhu Bai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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ELSAIS A, KERTY E, RUSSELL K, TOSKA K. Does Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction Contribute to Fatigue in Myasthenia Gravis? Physiol Res 2022; 71:79-91. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fatigable muscle weakness. Despite full spontaneous or pharmacological remission some MG patients still complain of physical and mental fatigue. Fatigue has been related to autonomic dysregulation. The aim of this study was to assess autonomic responses in a group of MG patients in complete remission but complaining of persistent fatigue. Seventeen well-regulated but persistently fatigued MG patients and 17 individually matched controls underwent echocardiography assessing systolic and diastolic heart function. Beat to beat cardiovascular responses at rest and to 30o head-up tilt, tilt-back, and 2-min static handgrip contraction were recorded. Fatigued MG patients had a statistically significant higher resting HR than their matched controls (p=0.03). The difference in resting heart rate between MG patients not using acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (AChEi) and their matched controls was even more pronounced (p=0.007). The autonomic cardiovascular adjustments to head-up tilt, tilt-back and handgrip contraction were not statistically significant different between patients and controls. We found a higher resting heart rate in all well-regulated but fatigued MG patients compared with controls. The difference was more pronounced between patients not taking AChEi compared to their matched controls. This finding may reflect a disturbed resting sympathovagal balance and this might be a contributing factor to the fatigue symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A ELSAIS
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E KERTY
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K RUSSELL
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K TOSKA
- Faculty of Medicine, Section for Physiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,
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16
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Role of Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway in Protecting Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury through Regulation of the Conventional Dendritic Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:1474891. [PMID: 35125962 PMCID: PMC8813293 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1474891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway connects the immune response system and the nervous system via the vagus nerve. The key regulatory receptor is the α7-subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has been proved to be effective in suppressing the inflammation responses in acute lung injury (ALI). Dendritic cells (DCs), the important antigen-presenting cells, also express the α7nAChR. Past studies have indicated that reducing the quantity of mature conventional DCs and inhibiting the maturation of pulmonary DCs may prove effective for the treatment of ALI. However, the effects of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway on maturation, function, and quantity of DCs and conventional DCs in ALI remain unclear. Objective It was hypothesized that cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway may inhibit the inflammatory response of ALI by regulating maturation, phenotype, and quantity of DCs and conventional DCs. Methods GTS-21 (GTS-21 dihydrochloride), an α7nAchR agonist, was prophylactically administered in sepsis-induced ALI mouse model and LPS-primed bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. The effects of GTS-21 were observed with respect to maturation, phenotype, and quantity of DCs, conventional DCs, and conventional DCs2 (type 2 conventional DCs) and the release of DC-related proinflammatory cytokines in vivo and in vitro. Results The results of the present study revealed that GTS-21 treatment decreased the maturation of DCs and the production of DC-related proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in sepsis-induced ALI mouse model; it reduced the quantity of CD11c+MHCII+ conventional DCs and CD11c+CD11b+ conventional DCs2 in vivo experiment. Conclusions Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway contributes to the reduction in the inflammatory response in ALI by regulating maturation, phenotype, and quantity of DCs, conventional DCs, and conventional DCs2.
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17
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The interplay between Sleep and Gut Microbiota. Brain Res Bull 2022; 180:131-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Kiryachkov YY, Bosenko SA, Muslimov BG, Petrova MV. Dysfunction of the Autonomic Nervous System and its Role in the Pathogenesis of Septic Critical Illness (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 12:106-116. [PMID: 34795998 PMCID: PMC8596275 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) of the brain in sepsis can cause severe systemic inflammation and even death. Numerous data confirmed the role of ANS dysfunction in the occurrence, course, and outcome of systemic sepsis. The parasympathetic part of the ANS modifies the inflammation through cholinergic receptors of internal organs, macrophages, and lymphocytes (the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway). The sympathetic part of ANS controls the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes by influencing β2-adrenergic receptors, causing the activation of intracellular genes encoding the synthesis of cytokines (anti-inflammatory beta2-adrenergic receptor interleukin-10 pathway, β2AR–IL-10). The interaction of ANS with infectious agents and the immune system ensures the maintenance of homeostasis or the appearance of a critical generalized infection. During inflammation, the ANS participates in the inflammatory response by releasing sympathetic or parasympathetic neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. It is extremely important to determine the functional state of the ANS in critical conditions, since both cholinergic and sympathomimetic agents can act as either anti- or pro-inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Kiryachkov
- Head of the Department of Surgical and Resuscitation Technologies; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25, Bldg 2, Petrovka St., Moscow, 107031, Russia
| | - S A Bosenko
- Anesthesiologist; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25, Bldg 2, Petrovka St., Moscow, 107031, Russia
| | - B G Muslimov
- Deputy Chief Physician for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Konchalovsky Central City Hospital, 2, Bldg 1, Kashtanovaya Alley, Zelenograd, Moscow, 124489, Russia
| | - M V Petrova
- Professor, Deputy Director Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25, Bldg 2, Petrovka St., Moscow, 107031, Russia
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19
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Gut microbiota modulates the inflammatory response and cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6277-6292. [PMID: 33963281 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is increasingly common in modern society, which can lead to the dysregulation of inflammatory responses and cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of inflammatory and psychiatric diseases, possibly via gut microbiota-brain interactions and neuroinflammation. The present study investigated the impact of SD on gut microbiota composition and explored whether alterations of the gut microbiota play a causal role in chronic inflammatory states and cognitive impairment that are induced by SD. We found that SD-induced gut dysbiosis, inflammatory responses, and cognitive impairment in humans. Moreover, the absence of the gut microbiota suppressed inflammatory response and cognitive impairment induced by SD in germ-free (GF) mice. Transplantation of the "SD microbiota" into GF mice activated the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and impaired cognitive function in the recipient mice. Mice that harbored "SD microbiota" also exhibited increases in neuroinflammation and microglial activity in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. These findings indicate that gut dysbiosis contributes to both peripheral and central inflammatory processes and cognitive deficits that are induced by SD, which may open avenues for potential interventions that can relieve the detrimental consequences of sleep loss.
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20
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Campos-Sánchez JC, Mayor-Lafuente J, Guardiola FA, Esteban MÁ. In silico and gene expression analysis of the acute inflammatory response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) after subcutaneous administration of carrageenin. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1623-1643. [PMID: 34448108 PMCID: PMC8478728 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the main causes of loss of homeostasis at both the systemic and molecular levels. The aim of this study was to investigate in silico the conservation of inflammation-related proteins in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Open reading frames of the selected genes were used as input in the STRING database for protein-protein interaction network analysis, comparing them with other teleost protein sequences. Proteins of the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea L.) presented the highest percentages of identity with the gilthead seabream protein sequence. The gene expression profile of these proteins was then studied in gilthead seabream specimens subcutaneously injected with carrageenin (1%) or phosphate-buffered saline (control) by analyzing skin samples from the injected zone 12 and 24 h after injection. Gene expression analysis indicated that the mechanisms necessary to terminate the inflammatory response to carrageenin and recover skin homeostasis were activated between 12 and 24 h after injection (at the tested dose). The gene analysis performed in this study could contribute to the identification of the main mechanisms of acute inflammatory response and validate the use of carrageenin as an inflammation model to elucidate these mechanisms in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Mayor-Lafuente
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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21
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Simões JLB, de Araújo JB, Bagatini MD. Anti-inflammatory Therapy by Cholinergic and Purinergic Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5090-5111. [PMID: 34247339 PMCID: PMC8272687 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The virus "acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), initially responsible for an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, which, due to the high level of contagion and dissemination, has become a pandemic. The clinical picture varies from mild to critical cases; however, all of these signs already show neurological problems, from sensory loss to neurological diseases. Thus, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) infected with the new coronavirus are more likely to develop severe conditions; in addition to worsening the disease, this is due to the high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is closely associated with increased mortality both in COVID-19 and MS. This increase is uncontrolled and exaggerated, characterizing the cytokine storm, so a possible therapy for this neuronal inflammation is the modulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, since acetylcholine (ACh) acts to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and acts directly on the brain for being released by cholinergic neurons, as well as acting on other cells such as immune and blood cells. In addition, due to tissue damage, there is an exacerbated release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), potentiating the inflammatory process and activating purinergic receptors which act directly on neuroinflammation and positively modulate the inflammatory cycle. Associated with this, in neurological pathologies, there is greater expression of P2X7 in the cells of the microglia, which positively activates the immune inflammatory response. Thus, the administration of blockers of this receptor can act in conjunction with the action of ACh in the anticholinergic inflammatory pathway. Finally, there will be a reduction in the cytokine storm and triggered hyperinflammation, as well as the level of mortality in patients with multiple sclerosis infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the development of possible neurological damage.
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22
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Liu W, Liu Z, Li YC. COVID-19-related myocarditis and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways. Hellenic J Cardiol 2021; 62:265-269. [PMID: 33301863 PMCID: PMC7722500 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, is currently in a pandemic outbreak and has become a global health issue. In addition to the primarily involvement of the respiratory system, myocarditis is considered an important and fatal lesion in patients with COVID-19. However, effective therapeutic methods are currently lacking. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) has been demonstrated to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production and control inflammation in sepsis and other medical conditions. Therefore, the CAP may be a potential and effective therapeutic method for COVID-19-related myocarditis. This article reviews the relationship between COVID-19-related myocarditis and the CAP and discusses the CAP as a potential therapeutic modality in the treatment of COVID-19-related myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weike Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- Basic Medicine College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China.
| | - Yue-Chun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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23
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Hajiasgharzadeh K, Khabbazi A, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baghbanzadeh A, Asadzadeh Z, Adlravan E, Baradaran B. Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and connective tissue diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:975-986. [PMID: 34125373 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) consist of an extensive range of heterogeneous medical conditions, which are caused by immune-mediated chronic inflammation and influences the various connective tissues of the body. They include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis, Sjögren's syndrome, Behcet's disease, and many other autoimmune CTDs. To date, several anti-inflammatory approaches have been developed to reduce the severity of inflammation or its subsequent organ manifestations. As a logical mechanism to harnesses the undesired inflammation, some studies investigated the role of the intrinsic cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) in the modulation of chronic inflammation. Many different experimental and clinical models have been developed to evaluate the therapeutic significance of the CAP in CTDs. On the other hand, an issue that is less emphasized in this regard is the presence of autonomic neuropathy in CTDs, which influences the efficiency of CAP in such clinical settings. This condition occurs during CTDs and is a well-known complication of patients suffering from them. The advantages and limitations of CAP in the control of inflammatory responses and its possible therapeutic benefits in the treatment of CTDs are the main subjects of the current study. Therefore, this narrative review article is provided based on the recent findings of the complicated role of CAP in CTDs which were retrieved by searching Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. It seems that delineating the complex influences of CAP would be of great interest in designing novel surgical or pharmacological therapeutic strategies for CTDs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Hajiasgharzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St, Postcode: 5166614766, Tabriz, Iran.,Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St, Postcode: 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khabbazi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St, Postcode: 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St, Postcode: 5166614766, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St, Postcode: 5166614766, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St, Postcode: 5166614766, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Adlravan
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St, Postcode: 5166614766, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St, Postcode: 5166614766, Tabriz, Iran. .,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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24
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Rzepiński Ł, Zawadka-Kunikowska M, Newton JL, Zalewski P. Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Myasthenia Gravis and Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis-A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2173. [PMID: 34069830 PMCID: PMC8157285 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10102173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed cardiac autonomic response to head-up tilt test (HUTT) in 23 myasthenia gravis (MG) and 23 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients compared to 30 healthy controls (HC). Task Force® Monitor was used to evaluate cardiac inotropy parameters, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), heart rate (HRV), and blood pressure variability (BPV) during HUTT. MG patients were characterized by reduced BRS (p < 0.05), post-HUTT decrease in high-frequency component (p < 0.05) and increase in sympathovagal ratio of HRV (p < 0.05) when compared to controls indicating parasympathetic deficiency with a shift of sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic predominance. Compared to HC, MG patients also showed lower cardiac inotropy parameters, specifically, left ventricular work index (LVWI) during supine rest (p < 0.05) as well as LVWI and cardiac index values in response to orthostatic stress (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Compared to controls, RRMS patients were characterized by lower HRV delta power spectral density (p < 0.05) and delta low-frequency HRV (p < 0.05) in response to HUTT suggesting combined sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction. There were no differences in cardiac autonomic parameters between MG and MS patients (p > 0.05). Our study highlights the possibility of cardiac and autonomic dysfunction in patients with MG and RRMS which should be considered in the pharmacological and rehabilitation approach to managing these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Rzepiński
- Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Powstańców Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Zawadka-Kunikowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomy and Postgraduate Education, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.Z.-K.); (P.Z.)
| | - Julia L. Newton
- Population Health Science Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Paweł Zalewski
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomy and Postgraduate Education, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.Z.-K.); (P.Z.)
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25
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Steriade C, Titulaer MJ, Vezzani A, Sander JW, Thijs RD. The association between systemic autoimmune disorders and epilepsy and its clinical implications. Brain 2021; 144:372-390. [PMID: 33221878 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune disorders occur more frequently in patients with epilepsy than in the general population, suggesting shared disease mechanisms. The risk of epilepsy is elevated across the spectrum of systemic autoimmune disorders but is highest in systemic lupus erythematosus and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Vascular and metabolic factors are the most important mediators between systemic autoimmune disorders and epilepsy. Systemic immune dysfunction can also affect neuronal excitability, not only through innate immune activation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in most epilepsies but also adaptive immunity in autoimmune encephalitis. The presence of systemic autoimmune disorders in subjects with acute seizures warrants evaluation for infectious, vascular, toxic and metabolic causes of acute symptomatic seizures, but clinical signs of autoimmune encephalitis should not be missed. Immunosuppressive medications may have antiseizure properties and trigger certain drug interactions with antiseizure treatments. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying the co-existence of epilepsy and systemic autoimmune disorders is needed to guide new antiseizure and anti-epileptogenic treatments. This review aims to summarize the epidemiological evidence for systemic autoimmune disorders as comorbidities of epilepsy, explore potential immune and non-immune mechanisms, and provide practical implications on diagnostic and therapeutic approach to epilepsy in those with comorbid systemic autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Steriade
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maarten J Titulaer
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Josemir W Sander
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter SL9 0RJ, Bucks, UK.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland - (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Roland D Thijs
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland - (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Yang NN, Yang JW, Ye Y, Huang J, Wang L, Wang Y, Su XT, Lin Y, Yu FT, Ma SM, Qi LY, Lin LL, Wang LQ, Shi GX, Li HP, Liu CZ. Electroacupuncture ameliorates intestinal inflammation by activating α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in postoperative ileus. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4078-4089. [PMID: 33754049 PMCID: PMC7977469 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines produced by muscularis macrophages largely contribute to the pathological signs of postoperative ileus (POI). Electroacupuncture (EA) can suppress inflammation, mainly or partly via activation of vagal efferent. The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which EA stimulation at an hindlimb region ameliorates inflammation in POI. Methods: Intestinal motility and inflammation were examined after 24 h after intestinal manipulation (IM)-induced POI in mice. Local immune response in the intestinal muscularis, expression of macrophages, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were determined by flow cytometry, Western Blot, qPCR and immunofluorescence. The effects of α7nAChR antagonists (methyllycaconitine and α-bungarotoxin) and JAK2/STAT3 inhibitors (AG490 and WP1066) were also administered in a subset of mice prior to EA. In the parasympathetic pathways, intestinal motility and inflammation were determined after cervical vagotomy and sub-diaphragmatic vagotomy. The expression of gamma absorptiometry aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor in dorsal motor nucleus of vagal (DMV) cholinergic neurons was assessed by immunofluorescence and the response to DMV microinjection of bicuculine (antagonist of GABAA receptor) or muscimol (agonist of GABAA receptor) were assessed. Results: EA suppressed intestinal inflammation and promoted gastrointestinal motility. Mechanistically, EA activated the α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in macrophages which reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that hindlimb region stimulation drove vagal efferent output by inhibiting the expression of GABAA receptor in DMV to ameliorate inflammation. Conclusions: The present study revealed that EA of hindlimb regions inhibited the expression of GABAA receptor in DMV neurons, whose excited vagal nerve, in turn suppressed IM-induced inflammation via activation of α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Campos-Sánchez JC, Esteban MÁ. Review of inflammation in fish and value of the zebrafish model. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:123-139. [PMID: 33236349 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial step in the development of chronic diseases in humans. Understanding the inflammation environment and its intrinsic mechanisms when it is produced by harmful stimuli may be a key element in the development of human disease diagnosis. In recent decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been widely used in research, due to their exceptional characteristics, as a model of various human diseases. Interestingly, the mediators released during the inflammatory response of both the immune system and nervous system, after its integration in the hypothalamus, could also facilitate the detection of injury through the register of behavioural changes in the fish. Although there are many studies that give well-defined information separately on such elements as the recruitment of cells, the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators or the type of neurotransmitters released against different triggers, to the best of our knowledge there are no reviews that put all this knowledge together. In the present review, the main available information on inflammation in zebrafish is presented in order to facilitate knowledge about this important process of innate immunity, as well as the stress responses and behavioural changes derived from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Anderson G, Maes M. Mitochondria and immunity in chronic fatigue syndrome. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 103:109976. [PMID: 32470498 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the pathophysiology and treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) could be considerably improved. The heterogeneity of ME/CFS and the confusion over its classification have undoubtedly contributed to this, although this would seem a consequence of the complexity of the array of ME/CFS presentations and high levels of diverse comorbidities. This article reviews the biological underpinnings of ME/CFS presentations, including the interacting roles of the gut microbiome/permeability, endogenous opioidergic system, immune cell mitochondria, autonomic nervous system, microRNA-155, viral infection/re-awakening and leptin as well as melatonin and the circadian rhythm. This details not only relevant pathophysiological processes and treatment options, but also highlights future research directions. Due to the complexity of interacting systems in ME/CFS pathophysiology, clarification as to its biological underpinnings is likely to considerably contribute to the understanding and treatment of other complex and poorly managed conditions, including fibromyalgia, depression, migraine, and dementia. The gut and immune cell mitochondria are proposed to be two important hubs that interact with the circadian rhythm in driving ME/CFS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London, UK.
| | - M Maes
- Dept Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dept Psychiatry, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.; IMPACT Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Sun G, Wang J, Wang P, Ren H, Yue Y, Song Z, Fu X. Donepezil protects glycerol-induced acute renal failure through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory and nitric oxide pathway in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:625-631. [PMID: 33183119 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1835950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammation as well as oxygen metabolite play important roles in renal injury during pathogenesis of rhabdomyolysis induced myoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF). The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of donepezil on immune responses in rats with glycerol-induced ARF. METHODS Sixty male rats were randomly divided into six groups, the rats were given normal saline (10 ml/kg, i.m.), glycerol (50%, 10 ml/kg, i.m.), glycerol plus dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg, i.g.), and glycerol plus donepezil (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.g.) respectively. After two weeks of glycerol injections, the kidney tissues and blood samples were harvested for future biochemical and pathology analysis. The levels of creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) in plasma, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) were evaluated in renal tissues. In addition, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factors-α (TNF-α) in renal tissues were also determined. RESULTS Donepezil treatment protected rats from renal dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner and through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Additionally, donepezil significantly reduced tubular damages, prevented neutrophil infiltration and decreased productions of the IL-6, TNF-α, nitric oxide content and oxidative damage. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that donepezil exerts a protective anti-inflammatory effect during ARF through the cholinergic pathway and Nitric oxide pathway. In addition, this study could provide an opportunity to overcome the effect of surgical cholinergic denervation during kidney transplantation and other injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jialei Wang
- Department of Urology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Liaocheng Dongchangfu People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Ren
- Department of Eastern Operating Room, Liao Cheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuedong Yue
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhengmin Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P. R. China
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Effect of Electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) on Sepsis Induced by Cecal Ligation Puncture and Its Relevance to Spleen. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1914031. [PMID: 33082818 PMCID: PMC7563055 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1914031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36), Quchi (LI11), and Tianshu (ST25) is commonly used in septic patients by traditional Chinese physicians. The protective effect of acupuncture at ST36 on the intestinal barrier is associated with Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway (CAIP). However, its detailed mechanism and whether acupuncture at LI11 and ST25 have similar effects to ST36 remain unclear. Aim To explore the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36, LI11, and ST25 on septic rats and investigate the role of the spleen in the treatment of EA at ST36. Methods A septic rat model caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and a postsplenectomy (SPX) CLP rat model were established. Rats were divided into nine groups depending on different treatments. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-10, D-lactic acidosis (D-LA), double amine oxidase (DAO), and T-lymphocyte subgroup level in intestinal lymph nodes were compared. Results EA could not improve the 2-day survival of CLP rats. For CLP rats, EA at ST36 and LI11 significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-10, DAO, and D-LA in serum and normalized intestinal T-cell immunity. For SPX CLP rats, EA at ST36 failed to reduce serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-10, and D-LA but increased the values of CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ cells and Treg/Th17 cells. Conclusions EA at ST36 and LI11, respectively, could alleviate inflammation reaction, protect the intestinal barrier, and maintain intestinal T-cell function in septic rats. Spleen participated in the protective effect of EA at ST36 in sepsis.
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Gamage R, Wagnon I, Rossetti I, Childs R, Niedermayer G, Chesworth R, Gyengesi E. Cholinergic Modulation of Glial Function During Aging and Chronic Neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:577912. [PMID: 33192323 PMCID: PMC7594524 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.577912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process that increases the risk of age-related cognitive degenerative diseases such as dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Lewy Body Dementia (LBD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Even non-pathological aging of the brain can involve chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress, which disrupts the communication and balance between the brain and the immune system. There has been an increasingly strong connection found between chronic neuroinflammation and impaired memory, especially in AD. While microglia and astrocytes, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), exerting beneficial effects during the acute inflammatory phase, during chronic neuroinflammation they can become more detrimental. Central cholinergic circuits are involved in maintaining normal cognitive function and regulating signaling within the entire cerebral cortex. While neuronal-glial cholinergic signaling is anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative, central cholinergic neuronal degeneration is implicated in impaired learning, memory sleep regulation, and attention. Although there is evidence of cholinergic involvement in memory, fewer studies have linked the cholinergic anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant pathways to memory processes during development, normal aging, and disease states. This review will summarize the current knowledge of cholinergic effects on microglia and astroglia, and their role in both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms, concerning normal aging and chronic neuroinflammation. We provided details on how stimulation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine (α7nACh) receptors can be neuroprotective by increasing amyloid-β phagocytosis, decreasing inflammation and reducing oxidative stress by promoting the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways and decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. There is also evidence for astroglial α7nACh receptor stimulation mediating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and activating the Nrf2 pathway respectively. We conclude that targeting cholinergic glial interactions between neurons and glial cells via α7nACh receptors could regulate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, relevant to the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gamage
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Ingrid Wagnon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Ilaria Rossetti
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan Childs
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Garry Niedermayer
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Rose Chesworth
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Singh J, Lanzarini E, Santosh P. Organic features of autonomic dysregulation in paediatric brain injury - Clinical and research implications for the management of patients with Rett syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:809-827. [PMID: 32861739 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with autonomic nervous system dysfunction. The understanding of this autonomic dysregulation remains incomplete and treatment recommendations are lacking. By searching literature regarding childhood brain injury, we wanted to see whether understanding autonomic dysregulation following childhood brain injury as a prototype can help us better understand the autonomic dysregulation in RTT. Thirty-one (31) articles were identified and following thematic analysis the three main themes that emerged were (A) Recognition of Autonomic Dysregulation, (B) Possible Mechanisms & Assessment of Autonomic Dysregulation and (C) Treatment of Autonomic Dysregulation. We conclude that in patients with RTT (I) anatomically, thalamic and hypothalamic function should be explored, (II) sensory issues and medication induced side effects that can worsen autonomic function should be considered, and (III) diaphoresis and dystonia ought to be better managed. Our synthesis of data from autonomic dysregulation in paediatric brain injury has led to increased knowledge and a better understanding of its underpinnings, leading to the development of application protocols in children with RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Centre for Personalised Medicine in Rett Syndrome, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Evamaria Lanzarini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy
| | - Paramala Santosh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Centre for Personalised Medicine in Rett Syndrome, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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Mazloom R. Feasibility of Therapeutic Effects of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway on COVID-19 Symptoms. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:165-166. [PMID: 32378064 PMCID: PMC7202901 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roham Mazloom
- Department of Physiology-Pharmacology-Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, West Bouali St, Nabovat Blvd, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
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Tsai S. Evidence for vagal-immune dysregulation in bipolar disorder. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 50:101947. [PMID: 32109804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangying Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Maturo MG, Soligo M, Gibson G, Manni L, Nardini C. The greater inflammatory pathway-high clinical potential by innovative predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach. EPMA J 2020; 11:1-16. [PMID: 32140182 PMCID: PMC7028895 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND LIMITATIONS Impaired wound healing (WH) and chronic inflammation are hallmarks of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, despite WH being a recognized player in NCDs, mainstream therapies focus on (un)targeted damping of the inflammatory response, leaving WH largely unaddressed, owing to three main factors. The first is the complexity of the pathway that links inflammation and wound healing; the second is the dual nature, local and systemic, of WH; and the third is the limited acknowledgement of genetic and contingent causes that disrupt physiologic progression of WH. PROPOSED APPROACH Here, in the frame of Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Medicine (PPPM), we integrate and revisit current literature to offer a novel systemic view on the cues that can impact on the fate (acute or chronic inflammation) of WH, beyond the compartmentalization of medical disciplines and with the support of advanced computational biology. CONCLUSIONS This shall open to a broader understanding of the causes for WH going awry, offering new operational criteria for patients' stratification (prediction and personalization). While this may also offer improved options for targeted prevention, we will envisage new therapeutic strategies to reboot and/or boost WH, to enable its progression across its physiological phases, the first of which is a transient acute inflammatory response versus the chronic low-grade inflammation characteristic of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Maturo
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marzia Soligo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Greg Gibson
- Center for Integrative Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Luigi Manni
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Christine Nardini
- IAC Institute for Applied Computing, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Bio Unit, Scientific and Medical Direction, SOL Group, Monza, Italy
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Heart rate variability (HRV): From brain death to resonance breathing at 6 breaths per minute. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:676-693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wu XJ, Yan XT, Yang XM, Zhang Y, Wang HY, Luo H, Fang Q, Li H, Li XY, Chen K, Wang YL, Zhang ZZ, Song XM. GTS-21 ameliorates polymicrobial sepsis-induced hepatic injury by modulating autophagy through α7nAchRs in mice. Cytokine 2020; 128:155019. [PMID: 32018068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that GTS-21, a selective alpha 7 nAchR agonist, can trigger anti-inflammatory effects and improve the survival of septic animals. However, whether GTS-21 affects autophagy responses remains unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that GTS-21 ameliorates sepsis-induced hepatic injury by modulating autophagy in mice. METHOD C57BL/6 male mice were randomly separated and categorized into four groups: the sham group, and CLP group subjected to caecal ligation and puncture (CLP, a model of polymicrobial sepsis). The CLP + GTS-21 group was administered GTS-21 immediately after CLP challenge. α-Bungarotoxin (an alpha 7 nAchR antagonist) was injected before CLP was performed, and then, after CLP challenge, GTS-21 was administered to α-BGT + CLP + GTS-21 group. The hepatic tissue and blood samples were harvested 6 h after the operation. RESULTS CLP challenge increased TNF-α and IL-6 production, and hepatic enzyme alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels. CLP also elevated the expression of hepatic LC3-II, sequestosome-1/p62, Atg7 and Atg5. The administration of GTS-21 inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine production and hepatic enzymatic marker expression, promoted the expression of LC3-II, Atg7, Atg5, and decreased the expression of p62, which could be reversed by α-BGT treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that α7nAchR is involved in diminishing hepatic damage by inhibiting inflammatory responses and improving autophagy in mice with polymicrobial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Wuchang, 238 Liberation Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xue-Tao Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bao'an Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen 518100, Baoan, 56 Yulv Road, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xu-Ming Yang
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huan Luo
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qing Fang
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kai Chen
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan-Lin Wang
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zong-Ze Zhang
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xue-Min Song
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China.
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Xiong J, Wang H, Bao Y, Guo Y, Sun Y. Electric vagal nerve stimulation inhibits inflammation and improves early postoperation cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. BMC Anesthesiol 2019; 19:217. [PMID: 31759387 PMCID: PMC6875068 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-019-0885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate effects of electric vagal nerve stimulation on early postoperation cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. METHODS A total of 33 male Sprague Dawley rats were selected and assigned randomly to three groups, control group (C, n = 10), splenectomy group (S, n = 10) and splenectomy+vagal nerve stimulation group (SV, n = 13). Behavior and memory of rats were evaluated by Open Field Test and Morris Water Maze. Levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in serum were measured by ELISA. The level of TNF-α protein in hippocampus was assessed by Western blotting. rt-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of NF-κB in hippocampus. RESULTS During anesthesia/operation, vital life signs of rats were stable. In SV group, vagal nerve stimulation decreased heart rate lower than 10% of basic level and kept it at a stable range by regulating stimulation intensity. After stimulation stop, heart rate returned to the basic level again. This indicated that the model of vagal nerve stimulation was successful. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 increased by the operation/anesthesia, but they decreased with vagal nerve stimulation (all P < 0.05). TNF-α protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB in hippocampus were also eliminated by vagal nerve stimulation compared to S group (P < 0.05). Results of Morris Water Maze showed escape latency of postoperation in S group was significantly longer than C group (P < 0.05), and times of crossing platform in S group was lower than that of C group (P < 0.05). Although escape latency of postopration in SV group was shorter than that of S group, there was no significant difference between two groups. Meanwhile there were no significant differences of behavior test in Open Field test between three groups, although vagal nerve stimulation improved partly active explore behavior compared to S group. CONCLUSION The inflammation caused by operation and general anesthesia was an important reason of early postoperation cognitive dysfunction, and electric vagal nerve stimulation could inhibit the inflammation. Meanwhile, vagal nerve stimulation could ameliorate early postoperation cognitive dysfunction partly, but its protective effects were not enough and should be studied and improved in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 50 Yikesong, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 Dongjiao Minxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yin Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 Dongjiao Minxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuliang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 Dongjiao Minxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yongxing Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 50 Yikesong, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Jiang SH, Hu LP, Wang X, Li J, Zhang ZG. Neurotransmitters: emerging targets in cancer. Oncogene 2019; 39:503-515. [PMID: 31527667 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are conventionally viewed as nerve-secreted substances that mediate the stimulatory or inhibitory neuronal functions through binding to their respective receptors. In the past decades, many novel discoveries come to light elucidating the regulatory roles of neurotransmitters in the physiological and pathological functions of tissues and organs. Notably, emerging data suggest that cancer cells take advantage of the neurotransmitters-initiated signaling pathway to activate uncontrolled proliferation and dissemination. In addition, neurotransmitters can affect immune cells and endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment to promote tumor progression. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying neurotransmitter function in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation is expected to enable the development of the next generation of antitumor therapies. Here, we summarize the recent important studies on the different neurotransmitters, their respective receptors, target cells, as well as pro/antitumor activity of specific neurotransmitter/receptor axis in cancers and provide perspectives and insights regarding the rationales and strategies of targeting neurotransmitter system to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Heng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, PR China.
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Chukwurah E, Osmundsen A, Davis SW, Lizarraga SB. All Together Now: Modeling the Interaction of Neural With Non-neural Systems Using Organoid Models. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:582. [PMID: 31293366 PMCID: PMC6598414 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex development of the human nervous system has been traditionally studied using a combination of animal models, human post-mortem brain tissue, and human genetics studies. However, there has been a lack of experimental human cellular models that would allow for a more precise elucidation of the intricate dynamics of early human brain development. The development of stem cell technologies, both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), has given neuroscientists access to the previously inaccessible early stages of human brain development. In particular, the recent development of three-dimensional culturing methodologies provides a platform to study the differentiation of stem cells in both normal development and disease states in a more in vivo like context. Three-dimensional neural models or cerebral organoids possess an innate advantage over two-dimensional neural cultures as they can recapitulate tissue organization and cell type diversity that resemble the developing brain. Brain organoids also provide the exciting opportunity to model the integration of different brain regions in vitro. Furthermore, recent advances in the differentiation of non-neuronal tissue from stem cells provides the opportunity to study the interaction between the developing nervous system and other non-neuronal systems that impact neuronal function. In this review, we discuss the potential and limitations of the organoid system to study in vitro neurological diseases that arise in the neuroendocrine and the enteric nervous system or from interactions with the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Chukwurah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Center for Childhood Neurotherapeutics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Allison Osmundsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Center for Childhood Neurotherapeutics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Shannon W. Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Center for Childhood Neurotherapeutics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sofia B. Lizarraga
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Center for Childhood Neurotherapeutics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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The Critical Role of the Central Autonomic Nervous System in Fetal-Neonatal Transition. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2018; 28:29-37. [PMID: 30522725 PMCID: PMC6432941 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this article is to understand the complex role of the central autonomic nervous system in normal and complicated fetal-neonatal transition and how autonomic nervous system dysfunction can lead to brain injury. The central autonomic nervous system supports coordinated fetal transitional cardiovascular, respiratory, and endocrine responses to provide safe transition of the fetus at delivery. Fetal and maternal medical and environmental exposures can disrupt normal maturation of the autonomic nervous system in utero, cause dysfunction, and complicate fetal-neonatal transition. Brain injury may both be caused by autonomic nervous system failure and contribute directly to autonomic nervous system dysfunction in the fetus and newborn. The central autonomic nervous system has multiple roles in supporting transition of the fetus. Future studies should aim to improve real-time monitoring of fetal autonomic nervous system function and in supporting typical autonomic nervous system development even under complicated conditions.
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Ray SC, Baban B, Tucker MA, Seaton AJ, Chang KC, Mannon EC, Sun J, Patel B, Wilson K, Musall JB, Ocasio H, Irsik D, Filosa JA, Sullivan JC, Marshall B, Harris RA, O'Connor PM. Oral NaHCO 3 Activates a Splenic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway: Evidence That Cholinergic Signals Are Transmitted via Mesothelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3568-3586. [PMID: 29661827 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that oral NaHCO3 intake stimulates splenic anti-inflammatory pathways. Following oral NaHCO3 loading, macrophage polarization was shifted from predominantly M1 (inflammatory) to M2 (regulatory) phenotypes, and FOXP3+CD4+ T-lymphocytes increased in the spleen, blood, and kidneys of rats. Similar anti-inflammatory changes in macrophage polarization were observed in the blood of human subjects following NaHCO3 ingestion. Surprisingly, we found that gentle manipulation to visualize the spleen at midline during surgical laparotomy (sham splenectomy) was sufficient to abolish the response in rats and resulted in hypertrophy/hyperplasia of the capsular mesothelial cells. Thin collagenous connections lined by mesothelial cells were found to connect to the capsular mesothelium. Mesothelial cells in these connections stained positive for the pan-neuronal marker PGP9.5 and acetylcholine esterase and contained many ultrastructural elements, which visually resembled neuronal structures. Both disruption of the fragile mesothelial connections or transection of the vagal nerves resulted in the loss of capsular mesothelial acetylcholine esterase staining and reduced splenic mass. Our data indicate that oral NaHCO3 activates a splenic anti-inflammatory pathway and provides evidence that the signals that mediate this response are transmitted to the spleen via a novel neuronal-like function of mesothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Ray
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Matthew A Tucker
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912; and
| | - Alec J Seaton
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Kyu Chul Chang
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Elinor C Mannon
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Jingping Sun
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Bansari Patel
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Katie Wilson
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | | | - Hiram Ocasio
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Debra Irsik
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | | | | | - Brendan Marshall
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912; and
| | - Paul M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912;
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Cherkas A, Zarkovic K, Cipak Gasparovic A, Jaganjac M, Milkovic L, Abrahamovych O, Yatskevych O, Waeg G, Yelisyeyeva O, Zarkovic N. Amaranth oil reduces accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal-histidine adducts in gastric mucosa and improves heart rate variability in duodenal peptic ulcer patients undergoing Helicobacter pylori eradication. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:135-149. [PMID: 29251014 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1418981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-induced oxidative stress in gastric mucosa (GM) is a milieu for the development of chronic gastritis, duodenal peptic ulcer (DPU), gastric cancer, and a number of extragastric diseases. Because our previous study revealed the accumulation of the protein adducts of lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) in GM, which persists after eradication of H. pylori, the aim of the study was to test whether Amaranth oil supplementation in addition to standard anti-Helicobacter treatment could prevent such accumulation of HNE in GM in H. pylori-positive DPU patients. Seventy-five patients were randomly split into two groups: group 1 - standard treatment (n = 39) and group 2 - standard treatment with additional supplementation of 1 ml of concentrated oil from amaranth seeds (Amaranthus cruenthus L., n = 36). Clinical analysis, including endoscopy with biopsies from antrum and corpus of the stomach were performed before and after the treatment, as was heart rate variability (HRV) recorded, as parameter of systemic, extragastric pathophysiological alterations in DPU patients. Improvement of clinical, endoscopic and histologic manifestations, and successful ulcer healing were observed in both the groups. Moreover, supplementation of amaranth oil in addition to standard anti-H. pylori treatment significantly reduced accumulation of HNE-histidine adducts in GM and increased HRV in DPU patients (p < .05). Therefore, standard treatments of DPU require additional therapeutic approaches, in accordance with integrative medicine principles, aiming to reduce persistence of oxidative stress, as was successfully done in our study by the use of amaranth oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Cherkas
- a Department of Internal Medicine #1, Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Kamelija Zarkovic
- b Division of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre "Zagreb", University of Zagreb School of Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ana Cipak Gasparovic
- c Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS) , Institute "Rudjer Boskovic" , Zagreb , Croatia
| | | | - Lidija Milkovic
- c Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS) , Institute "Rudjer Boskovic" , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Orest Abrahamovych
- a Department of Internal Medicine #1, Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Ostap Yatskevych
- a Department of Internal Medicine #1, Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Georg Waeg
- e Institute of Molecular Bioscience, Karl Franzens University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Olha Yelisyeyeva
- f Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- c Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS) , Institute "Rudjer Boskovic" , Zagreb , Croatia
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