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Derella CC, Blanks AM, Nguyen A, Looney J, Tucker MA, Jeong J, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Thomas J, Lyon M, Pollock DM, Harris RA. Dual endothelin receptor antagonism increases resting energy expenditure in people with increased adiposity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E508-E516. [PMID: 35373585 PMCID: PMC9126219 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00349.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Increased adiposity is associated with dysregulation of the endothelin system, both of which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Preclinical data indicate that endothelin dysregulation also reduces resting energy expenditure (REE). The objective was to test the hypothesis that endothelin receptor antagonism will increase REE in people with obesity compared with healthy weight individuals. Using a double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 32 participants [healthy weight (HW): n = 16, BMI: 21.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2, age: 26 ± 7 yr and overweight/obese (OB): n = 16, BMI: 33.5 ± 9.5 kg/m2, age: 31 ± 6 yr] were randomized to receive either 125 mg of bosentan (ETA/B antagonism) or placebo twice per day for 3 days. Breath-by-breath gas exchange data were collected and REE was assessed by indirect calorimetry. Venous blood samples were analyzed for concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET-1). Treatment with bosentan increased plasma ET-1 in both OB and HW groups. Within the OB group, the changes in absolute REE (PLA: -77.6 ± 127.6 vs. BOS: 72.2 ± 146.6 kcal/day; P = 0.046). The change in REE was not different following either treatment in the HW group. Overall, absolute plasma concentrations of ET-1 following treatment with bosentan were significantly associated with kcal/day of fat (r = 0.488, P = 0.005), percentage of fat utilization (r = 0.415, P = 0.020), and inversely associated with the percentage of carbohydrates (r = -0.419, P = 0.019), and respiratory exchange ratio (r = -0.407, P = 0.023). Taken together, these results suggest that modulation of the endothelin system may represent a novel therapeutic approach to increase both resting metabolism and caloric expenditure, and reduce CVD risk in people with increased adiposity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Findings from our current translational investigation demonstrate that dual endothelin A/B receptor antagonism increases total REE in overweight/obese individuals. These results suggest that modulation of the endothelin system may represent a novel therapeutic target to increase both resting metabolism and caloric expenditure, enhance weight loss, and reduce CVD risk in seemingly healthy individuals with elevated adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra C Derella
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Anson M Blanks
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Andy Nguyen
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jacob Looney
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Matthew A Tucker
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jinhee Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jeffrey Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Matthew Lyon
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David M Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Section, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, United Kingdom
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Tucker MA, Griffeth BT, Lee C, Buchanan AO. The importance of personality traits for predicting clinical clerkship grades and USMLE scores. MedEdPublish 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/mep.17475.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Important aspects of medical school success are thought to rely on non-cognitive attributes such as personality traits. Methods: In a sample of medical students who completed their 3rd-year clerkships, the current study examined the impact of personality traits on performance on four measures of 3rd-year clerkship grades and United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 2CK (Clinical Knowledge) scores. Results: We found that specific personality traits, including conscientiousness, achievement-striving, morality, and self-efficacy predicted multiple outcome measures, including Step 2CK performance. However, while we observed a clear link between personality and success during the 3rd year, we also found that Step 1 scores, not specific or grouped personality traits, best predicted all measures of clerkship performance except clerkship evaluations and, as expected, best predicted Step 2CK performance. Additionally, we created a composite personality profile for our sample by averaging the high and low scores of the Big Five personality trait scales and their subscales. However, this personality composite, which included the traits agreeableness, cooperation, Conscientiousness, and cautiousness, did not predict any of our outcome measures. Conclusions: These findings indicate that personality traits individually and in combination predict 3rd year medical school success, especially when performance may rely less on intellectual prowess, and more on personality factors. Importantly, however, Step 1 scores were usually much better predictors not only of Step 2CK and shelf exam performance, but even overall clerkship grades and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) performance. We hope these results can be used to help clerkship directors and faculty understand that personality factors impact medical school performance and that they should be considered when evaluating the more non-cognitive aspects of student achievement.
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Derella CC, Blanks AM, Wang X, Tucker MA, Horsager C, Jeong JH, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Looney J, Thomas J, Pollock DM, Harris RA. Endothelin receptor blockade blunts the pressor response to acute stress in men and women with obesity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:73-83. [PMID: 34762528 PMCID: PMC8742738 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00156.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with dysregulation of the endothelin system. In individuals with obesity, an exaggerated pressor response to acute stress is accompanied by increased circulating endothelin-1 (ET-1). The impact of combined endothelin A/B receptor (ETA/B) antagonism on the stress-induced pressor response in overweight/obese (OB) individuals is unknown. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that treatment with an ETA/B antagonist (bosentan) would reduce the stress-induced pressor response and arterial stiffness in overweight/obese compared with normal weight (NW) individuals. Forty participants [normal weight (NW): n = 20, body mass index (BMI): 21.7 ± 2.4 kg/m2 and overweight/obese (OB): n = 20, BMI: 33.8 ± 8.2 kg/m2] were randomized to placebo or 125 mg of bosentan twice a day (250 mg total) for 3 days. Hemodynamics were assessed before, during, and after a cold pressor test (CPT). Endothelin-1 was assessed at baseline and immediately after CPT. Following a washout period, the same protocol was repeated with the opposite treatment. The change from baseline in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during CPT following bosentan was significantly lower (P = 0.039) in the OB group than in the NW group (OB: 28 ± 12 vs. NW: 34 ± 15 mmHg). These results suggest that ETA/B antagonism favorably blunts the pressor response to acute stress in overweight/obese individuals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Findings from our current translational investigation demonstrate that dual endothelin A/B receptor antagonism blunts the pressor response to acute stress in overweight/obese individuals. These results suggest that modulation of the endothelin system may represent a novel therapeutic target to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by blunting the stress response in overweight/obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra C. Derella
- 1Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Anson M. Blanks
- 1Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- 1Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Matthew A. Tucker
- 1Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Chase Horsager
- 1Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jin Hee Jeong
- 1Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- 1Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia,2Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jacob Looney
- 1Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey Thomas
- 1Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David M. Pollock
- 3Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ryan A. Harris
- 1Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia,4Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, United Kingdom
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Derella CC, Tingen MS, Blanks A, Sojourner SJ, Tucker MA, Thomas J, Harris RA. Smoking cessation reduces systemic inflammation and circulating endothelin-1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24122. [PMID: 34916543 PMCID: PMC8677816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking increases systemic inflammation and circulating endothelin-1 (ET-1), both of which contribute to an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present study sought to test the hypothesis that a 12-week smoking cessation intervention would contribute to a long-term reduction in circulating ET-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). 30 individuals participated in a 12-week evidence-based smoking cessation program at Augusta University. Serum cotinine, plasma inflammatory cytokines, and plasma ET-1 were determined at baseline, immediately after the 12-week cessation program (end of treatment, EOT), and 12-months (12M) following the cessation program. Serum cotinine was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) at EOT and 12M following the smoking cessation program. Compared to BL (7.0 ± 1.6 pg/mL), TNF-α was significantly reduced at EOT (6.3 ± 1.5 pg/mL, p = 0.001) and 12M (5.2 ± 2.7 pg/mL, p < 0.001). ET-1 was significantly lower at EOT (1.9 ± 0.6 pg/mL, p = 0.013) and at 12M (2.0 ± 0.8 pg/mL, p = 0.091) following smoking cessation compared with BL (2.3 ± 0.6 pg/mL). BL concentrations of cotinine were significantly associated with basal ET-1 (r = 0.449, p = 0.013) and the change in cotinine at 12M following smoking cessation was significantly associated with the change in plasma ET-1 at 12M (r = 0.457, p = 0.011). Findings from the present pilot investigation demonstrate that a 12-week smoking cessation program reduces circulating concentrations of ET-1 and TNF-α for at least a year. The reduction in serum cotinine was associated with the decrease in circulating ET-1. The attenuation in ET-1 and inflammation may in part, contribute to the lower risk of CVD that is observed with smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra C. Derella
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA ,grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Martha S. Tingen
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA ,grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., CN-2120, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Anson Blanks
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Samantha J. Sojourner
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA ,grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., CN-2120, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Matthew A. Tucker
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Jeffrey Thomas
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Ryan A. Harris
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
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Dalmasso B, Pastorino L, Nathan V, Shah NN, Palmer JM, Howlie M, Johansson PA, Freedman ND, Carter BD, Beane-Freeman L, Hicks B, Molven A, Helgadottir H, Sankar A, Tsao H, Stratigos AJ, Helsing P, Van Doorn R, Gruis NA, Visser M, Wadt KAW, Mann G, Holland EA, Nagore E, Potrony M, Puig S, Menin C, Peris K, Fargnoli MC, Calista D, Soufir N, Harland M, Bishop T, Kanetsky PA, Elder DE, Andreotti V, Vanni I, Bruno W, Höiom V, Tucker MA, Yang XR, Andresen PA, Adams DJ, Landi MT, Hayward NK, Goldstein AM, Ghiorzo P. Germline ATM variants predispose to melanoma: a joint analysis across the GenoMEL and MelaNostrum consortia. Genet Med 2021; 23:2087-2095. [PMID: 34262154 PMCID: PMC8553617 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) has been implicated in the risk of several cancers, but establishing a causal relationship is often challenging. Although ATM single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been linked to melanoma, few functional alleles have been identified. Therefore, ATM impact on melanoma predisposition is unclear. METHODS From 22 American, Australian, and European sites, we collected 2,104 familial, multiple primary (MPM), and sporadic melanoma cases who underwent ATM genotyping via panel, exome, or genome sequencing, and compared the allele frequency (AF) of selected ATM variants classified as loss-of-function (LOF) and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) between this cohort and the gnomAD non-Finnish European (NFE) data set. RESULTS LOF variants were more represented in our study cohort than in gnomAD NFE, both in all (AF = 0.005 and 0.002, OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.56-4.11, p < 0.01), and familial + MPM cases (AF = 0.0054 and 0.002, OR = 2.97, p < 0.01). Similarly, VUS were enriched in all (AF = 0.046 and 0.033, OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.6-5.09, p < 0.01) and familial + MPM cases (AF = 0.053 and 0.033, OR = 1.63, p < 0.01). In a case-control comparison of two centers that provided 1,446 controls, LOF and VUS were enriched in familial + MPM cases (p = 0.027, p = 0.018). CONCLUSION This study, describing the largest multicenter melanoma cohort investigated for ATM germline variants, supports the role of ATM as a melanoma predisposition gene, with LOF variants suggesting a moderate-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dalmasso
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - L Pastorino
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - V Nathan
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N N Shah
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J M Palmer
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M Howlie
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - P A Johansson
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B D Carter
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L Beane-Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - A Molven
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Helgadottir
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Sankar
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Tsao
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A J Stratigos
- First Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - P Helsing
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Van Doorn
- Department Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N A Gruis
- Department Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Visser
- Department Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K A W Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Mann
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - E A Holland
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - E Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Potrony
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Puig
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, HospitalClínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Menin
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - K Peris
- Institute of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M C Fargnoli
- Dermatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - D Calista
- Dermatology Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - N Soufir
- Dépatement de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - M Harland
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - T Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - P A Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D E Elder
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - V Andreotti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Vanni
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - W Bruno
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - V Höiom
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - X R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P A Andresen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - D J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - M T Landi
- Divison of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N K Hayward
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Ghiorzo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Tucker MA, Idrissi A, Almeida D. Attraction Effects for Verbal Gender and Number Are Similar but Not Identical: Self-Paced Reading Evidence From Modern Standard Arabic. Front Psychol 2021; 11:586464. [PMID: 33551906 PMCID: PMC7859339 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.586464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work on the comprehension of agreement has shown that incorrectly inflected verbs do not trigger responses typically seen with fully ungrammatical verbs when the preceding sentential context furnishes a possibly matching distractor noun (i.e., agreement attraction). We report eight studies, three being direct replications, designed to assess the degree of similarity of these errors in the comprehension of subject-verb agreement along the dimensions of grammatical gender and number in Modern Standard Arabic. A meta-analysis of the results demonstrate the presence of agreement attraction effects in reading comprehension for gender and number on verbs. Moreover, the meta-analysis demonstrates that these two features do not behave identically: gender effects are larger and occur later relative to number attraction effects. These results challenge models of agreement that predict agreement features to be equipotent and show that real-time models of agreement require modifications in the form of cue-weighting in order to account for these differential results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Tucker
- Language, Mind and Brain Lab, Division of Science, Psychology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Amazon.com, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ali Idrissi
- The Neurocognition of Language Lab, Department of English Literature and Linguistics, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Diogo Almeida
- Language, Mind and Brain Lab, Division of Science, Psychology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Abstract
Across a broad spectrum of memory tasks, retention is superior following a night of sleep compared to a day of wake. However, this result alone does not clarify whether sleep merely slows the forgetting that would otherwise occur as a result of information processing during wakefulness, or whether sleep actually consolidates memories, protecting them from subsequent retroactive interference. Two influential studies suggested that sleep protects memories against the subsequent retroactive interference that occurs when participants learn new yet overlapping information (interference learning). In these studies, interference learning was much less detrimental to memory following a night of sleep compared to a day of wakefulness, an indication that sleep supports this important aspect of memory consolidation. In the current replication study, we repeated the protocol of and, additionally, we examined the impact of intrinsic motivation on performance in sleep and wake participants. We were unable to replicate the finding that sleep protects memories against retroactive interference, with the detrimental effects of interference learning being essentially the same in wake and sleep participants. We also found that while intrinsic motivation benefitted task acquisition it was not a modulator of sleep-wake differences in memory processing. Although we cannot accept the null hypothesis that sleep has no role to play in reducing the negative impact of interference, the findings draw into question prior evidence for sleep’s role in protecting memories against interference. Moreover, the current study highlights the importance of replicating key findings in the study of sleep’s impact on memory processing before drawing strong conclusions that set the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Bailes
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Mary Caldwell
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Erin J. Wamsley
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Matthew A. Tucker
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is ample evidence that overnight sleep and daytime naps benefit memory retention, compared to comparable amounts of active wakefulness. Yet recent evidence also suggests that a period of post-training rest (eg, quiet wakefulness with eyes closed) provides a similar memory benefit compared to wake. However, the relative benefits of sleep vs quiet waking rest on memory remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the extent to which sleep provides a unique memory benefit, above and beyond that conferred by quiet waking rest. METHODS In a sample of healthy undergraduate students (N=83), we tested the effect of 30 mins of post-learning sleep, rest, or active wake on concept learning (dot pattern classification) and declarative memory (word pair associates) across a 4-hr daytime training-retest interval. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypotheses, we found no differences in performance between the three conditions for either task. The findings are interpreted with reference to methodological considerations including the length of the experimental interval, the nature of the tasks used, and challenges inherent in creating experimental conditions that can be executed by participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Tucker
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Graelyn B Humiston
- Furman University, Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Theodore Summer
- Furman University, Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Erin Wamsley
- Furman University, Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Greenville, SC, USA
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9
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Blanks AM, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Looney J, Tucker MA, Jeong J, Thomas J, Blackburn M, Stepp DW, Weintraub NJ, Harris RA. Whole body vibration elicits differential immune and metabolic responses in obese and normal weight individuals. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 1:100011. [PMID: 38377415 PMCID: PMC8474538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2019.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional aerobic exercise reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases by inducing immune, metabolic, and myokine responses. Following traditional exercise, both the magnitude and time-course of these beneficial responses are different between obese compared to normal weight individuals. Although obesity may affect the ability to engage in traditional exercise, whole body vibration (WBV) has emerged as a more tolerable form of exercise . The impact of WBV on immune, metabolic, and myokine responses as well as differences between normal weight and obese individuals, however, is unknown. Purpose To determine if WBV elicits differential magnitudes and time-courses of immune, metabolic, and myokine responses between obese and normal weight individuals. Methods 21 participants [Obese (OB): n = 11, Age: 33 ± 4 y, percent body fat (%BF): 39.1 ± 2.4% & Normal weight (NW) n = 10, Age: 28 ± 8 y, %BF: 17.4 ± 2.1%] engaged in 10 cycles of WBV exercise [1 cycle = 1 min of vibration followed by 30 s of rest]. Blood samples were collected pre-WBV (PRE), immediately (POST), 3 h (3H), and 24 h (24H) post-WBV and analyzed for leukocytes, insulin, glucose, and myokines (IL-6, decorin, myostatin). Results The peak (3H) percent change in neutrophil counts (OB: 13.9 ± 17.4 vs. NW: 47.2 ± 6.2%Δ; p = 0.007) was different between groups. The percent change in neutrophil percentages was increased in NW (POST: -1.6 ± 2.0 vs. 3H: 13.0 ± 7.2%Δ, p = 0.019) but not OB (p > 0.05). HOMA β-cell function was increased at 24H (PRE: 83.4 ± 5.4 vs. 24H: 131.0 ± 14.1%; p = 0.013) in NW and was not altered in OB (p > 0.05). PRE IL-6 was greater in OB compared to NW (OB: 2.7 ± 0.6 vs. NW: 0.6 ± 0.1 pg/mL; p = 0.011); however, the percent change from PRE to peak (3H) was greater in NW (OB: 148.1 ± 47.9 vs. NW: 1277.9 ± 597.6 %Δ; p = 0.035). Creatine kinase, decorin, and myostatin were not significantly altered in either group (p > 0.05). Conclusion Taken together, these data suggest that acute whole body vibration elicits favorable immune, metabolic, and myokine responses and that these responses differ between obese and normal weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson M. Blanks
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jacob Looney
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew A. Tucker
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jinhee Jeong
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Thomas
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Marsha Blackburn
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David W. Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Ryan A. Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, UK
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Tucker MA, Caldwell AR, Ganio MS. Adequacy of Daily Fluid Intake Volume Can Be Identified From Urinary Frequency and Perceived Thirst in Healthy Adults. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:235-242. [PMID: 31347984 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1639566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Achieving and maintaining an optimal level of hydration has significant implications for both acute and chronic health, yet many hydration assessments are not feasible for the general public. Urinary frequency (UF) is a reliable method to self-assess hydration status in healthy individuals, and thirst can provide additional sensory information on adequacy of daily fluid intake volume (DFI). However, threshold values for these indices to detect optimal hydration have not been determined. In this study, we sought to determine threshold values for 24-hour UF and perceived thirst that could accurately distinguish between optimal and suboptimal hydration states.Methods: Thirty-two healthy adults (age 22 ± 3 years, body mass index 24.9 ± 4.1 kg/m2) collected urine over 24 hours on four separate occasions, where UF was recorded as well as thirst at each void using a numbered perceptual scale. Using urine osmolality as the criterion standard, all samples were either classified as representing an optimal (≤500 mOsm·kg-1) or suboptimal hydration status (>500 mOsm·kg-1).Results: A 24-hour UF ≤6 was able to detect suboptimal hydration with good accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] 0.815) and a 24-hour average perceived thirst rating > 3 ("a little thirsty") could detect it with reasonable accuracy (AUC 0.725). In addition, a UF ≤4 had a considerably higher positive likelihood ratio to detect suboptimal hydration versus a UF ≤6 (9.03 versus 2.18, respectively).Conclusions: These analyses suggest that individuals with a 24-hour UF ≤6 or perceiving themselves to be, on average, "a little thirsty" throughout the day are likely to be suboptimally hydrated and thus underconsuming an adequate DFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Tucker
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Aaron R Caldwell
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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11
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Tucker MA, Fox BM, Seigler N, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Looney J, Thomas J, McKie KT, Forseen C, Davison GW, Harris RA. Endothelial Dysfunction in Cystic Fibrosis: Role of Oxidative Stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019; 2019:1629638. [PMID: 31320980 PMCID: PMC6607715 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1629638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and vascular endothelial dysfunction are established characteristics of cystic fibrosis (CF). Oxidative stress may contribute to vascular dysfunction via inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Purpose. To determine if ingestion of a single antioxidant cocktail (AOC) improves vascular endothelial function in patients with CF. Methods. In 18 patients with CF (age 8-39 y), brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed using a Doppler ultrasound prior to and two hours following either an AOC (n = 18; 1,000 mg vitamin C, 600 IU vitamin E, and 600 mg α-lipoic acid) or a placebo (n = 9). In a subgroup of patients (n = 9), changes in serum concentrations of α-tocopherol and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) were assessed following AOC and placebo. Results. A significant (p = 0.032) increase in FMD was observed following AOC (Δ1.9 ± 3.3%), compared to no change following placebo (Δ - 0.8 ± 1.9%). Moreover, compared with placebo, AOC prevented the decrease in α-tocopherol (Δ0.48 ± 2.91 vs. -1.98 ± 2.32 μM, p = 0.024) and tended to decrease LOOH (Δ - 0.2 ± 0.1 vs. 0.1 ± 0.1 μM, p = 0.063). Conclusions. These data demonstrate that ingestion of an antioxidant cocktail can improve vascular endothelial function and improve oxidative stress in patients with CF, providing evidence that oxidative stress is a key contributor to vascular endothelial dysfunction in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Tucker
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Brandon M. Fox
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nichole Seigler
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jacob Looney
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Thomas
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Caralee Forseen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Gareth W. Davison
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, UK
| | - Ryan A. Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, UK
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12
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Tingen MS, Sojourner SJ, Tucker MA, Derella CC, Harris RA. Biochemical verification of smoking cessation and the role of endothelin‐1: Impact on cardiovascular disease risk. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.lb420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha S Tingen
- Georgia Prevention InstituteMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | - Samantha J Sojourner
- Georgia Prevention InstituteMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | - Matthew A Tucker
- Georgia Prevention InstituteMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | - Cassandra C Derella
- Georgia Prevention InstituteMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Georgia Prevention InstituteMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
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13
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Jeong J, Tucker MA, Rodriguez‐Miguelez P, Looney J, Thomas J, Blackburn M, Derella C, Harshfield GA, Harris RA. Impact of Melatonin on Vascular Health in Humans. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.872.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Jeong
- Population Health ScienceAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | | | | | - Jacob Looney
- Population Health ScienceAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ryan A Harris
- Population Health ScienceAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
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14
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Looney J, Tucker MA, Jeong JH, Pollock DM, Pollock JS, Harris RA. Childhood Adversity Impairs the Autonomic Response to Acute Stress. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.838.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Looney
- Georgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | | | - Jin Hee Jeong
- Georgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | - David M. Pollock
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | | | - Ryan A. Harris
- Georgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- University of UlsterJordanstownNorthern IrelandUnited Kingdom
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15
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Derella CC, Looney J, Bieck MR, Jeong JH, Rodriguez‐Miguelez P, Tucker MA, Thomas J, Stanheqicz AE, Alexander LM, Pollock DM, Harris RA. Evidence of Endothelin‐B Receptor Dysfunction in Obesity. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.832.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra C Derella
- Department of PhysiologyAugusta UniveristyAugustaGA
- Georgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | - Jacob Looney
- Georgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | | | - Jin hee Jeong
- Georgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David M Pollock
- Cardio‐Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Department of PhysiologyAugusta UniveristyAugustaGA
- Georgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
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16
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Blanks AM, Rodriguez‐Miguelez P, Looney J, Tucker MA, Jeong J, Thomas J, Blackburn M, Stepp DW, Weintraub NL, Harris RA. Whole Body Vibration Elicits Differential Immune Responses Between Obese and Normal Weight Individuals. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.534.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Rodriguez‐Miguelez
- Georgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- Kinesiology and Health SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Jacob Looney
- Georgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | | | - Jinhee Jeong
- Georgia Prevention InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
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17
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Jeong JH, Lee N, Tucker MA, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Looney J, Thomas J, Derella CC, El-Marakby A, Musall JB, Sullivan JC, McKie KT, Forseen C, Davison GW, Harris RA. Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:60-66. [PMID: 30433862 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00629.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role in maintaining vascular function, and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a critical determinant of NO bioavailability. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of BH4 on endothelial function in patients with CF. Twenty-nine patients with CF (18 ± 8 yr old) and 29 healthy matched controls were recruited. Patients with CF participated in a randomized trial where they received a 5 mg/kg dose of oral BH4 (BH4-5; n = 17) or a 20 mg/kg dose of oral BH4 (BH4-20; n = 12). On a separate visit, a subset of patients from each group was retested following a placebo (PLC; n = 9). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used to evaluate vascular endothelial function, and a plasma sample was obtained before and 3 h after treatment. Cultured endothelial cells were treated with plasma to assess NO bioavailability. Baseline FMD was lower in patients compared with controls (5.7 ± 3.4 vs. 8.4 ± 3.5%, respectively, P = 0.005). No change in FMD was observed following PLC or BH4-5 (∆FMD: -0.8 ± 1.9% and -0.5 ± 2.5%; P = 0.273 and 0.132, respectively). Treatment with BH4-20, however, resulted in significant improvements in FMD (∆FMD: 1.1 ± 1.4%) compared with BH4-5 ( P = 0.023) and PLC ( P = 0.017). Moreover, BH4-20 significantly decreased endothelial cell superoxide production and increased NO production. These data suggest that a single oral dose of BH4 at 20 mg/kg improves vascular endothelial function in patients with CF, likely via increased endothelial NO synthase coupling. These findings support the hypothesis that loss of BH4 bioactivity contributes, in part, to endothelial dysfunction in patients with CF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, the present study documents that a single dose of oral BH4 can improve vascular endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and our in vitro data suggest this is via decreasing uncoupled nitric oxide. These data provide insight into the important role of BH4 bioactivity in vascular dysfunction and provide the foundation for further investigation into the chronic effects of BH4 treatment in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Jeong
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Nichole Lee
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Matthew A Tucker
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jacob Looney
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey Thomas
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Casandra C Derella
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ahmed El-Marakby
- Department of Oral Biology and Pharmacology, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Caralee Forseen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Gareth W Davison
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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18
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Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Lee N, Tucker MA, Csányi G, McKie KT, Forseen C, Harris RA. Sildenafil improves vascular endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1486-H1494. [PMID: 30168731 PMCID: PMC6297813 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00301.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), characterized by defective CFTR function, is associated with multiple systemic complications, including vascular dysfunction. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, not only enhances nitric oxide (NO) metabolism but has been shown to improve CFTR functionality as well. Thus, sildenafil has been proposed as a therapy to improve vascular health in CF; however, its potential therapeutic role has yet to be determined. We sought to investigate the effect of sildenafil on endothelial function in patients with CF. Patients with CF completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with an acute dose of sildenafil (50 mg) or placebo followed by a 4-wk open-label extension with sildenafil (20 mg/day). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used to evaluate endothelial function before and after treatments. In addition, phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase (pNOS3) and total NOS3 protein expression was determined from endothelial cells that were exposed to plasma from the patients before and after 4 wk of sildenafil treatment. No changes ( P ≥ 0.110) in endothelial function were observed after the acute dose of sildenafil. However, FMD significantly ( P = 0.029) increased after 4 wk of treatment (∆FMD: 1.5 ± 2.2%). Moreover, pNOS3 protein expression significantly ( P = 0.013) increased after 4 wk of treatment (∆pNOS3: 0.31 ± 0.39 arbitrary units) and was associated ( r = 0.593, P = 0.033) with the change in FMD. These data suggest that 4 wk of sildenafil treatment can improve vascular endothelial function in patients with CF, likely through an increase in NOS3 phosphorylation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Findings from the present study demonstrate, for the first time, significant improvement of endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis treated with sildenafil that is associated with greater phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. These results support the use of sildenafil as a potential novel therapy for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nichole Lee
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Matthew A Tucker
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - Caralee Forseen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Veilleux JC, Zielinski MJ, Moyen NE, Tucker MA, Dougherty EK, Ganio MS. The effect of passive heat stress on distress andself-control in male smokers and non-smokers. J Gen Psychol 2018; 145:342-361. [PMID: 30358519 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2018.1494127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we tested the effects of core body temperature increases (e.g. heat stress) on affect, self-reported physical discomfort, and subsequent self-control in male smokers and nonsmokers using a novel passive heat stress paradigm, within a distress tolerance framework. Twenty-eight men (14 smokers), completed both heat stress and control sessions in randomized order. Results revealed that increases in core body temperature were associated with increased anxiety, irritability, and body discomfort as well as decreased happiness, with stronger effects for smokers. Smokers and nonsmokers both evidenced less self-control during the heat session and did not differ on this measure, nor on a measure of interoceptive sensitivity. The current study indicates that heat stress is a viable method for studying distress tolerance in men, and suggests the value in examining dynamic changes in self-control as a function of distress. Implications will be discussed for distress tolerance in general and smokers in specific.
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20
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Tucker MA, Lee N, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Looney J, Crandall RH, Forseen C, McKie KT, Harris RA. Exercise testing in patients with cystic fibrosis-importance of ventilatory parameters. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 119:227-234. [PMID: 30357514 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventilatory parameters obtained during exercise predict survival in several chronic diseases; however, long-term changes in exercise ventilatory parameters in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have yet to be examined and potential differences between sexes in CF are unknown. PURPOSE We sought to examine the change in exercise ventilatory parameters over time in patients with CF and determine if the change is different between sexes. METHODS Exercise capacity (VO2 peak) and exercise ventilatory parameters (VE/VO2 peak, VE/VCO2 peak, and VE/VCO2 slope) were determined from a maximal cardio-pulmonary test on a cycle ergometer on two visits separated by 39 ± 16 months in 20 patients with CF (10 female, 10 male). RESULTS No differences between sexes were observed at visit 1 (all p > 0.05). Overall, exercise ventilatory parameters significantly (p < 0.05) deteriorated between visits, with no change (p > 0.05) in VO2 peak. Moreover, compared to males, female patients exhibited greater deteriorations in VE/VO2 peak (p = 0.001), VE/VCO2 peak (p = 0.002), and VE/VCO2 slope (p = 0.016) between visits. CONCLUSIONS These data in patients with CF indicate that exercise ventilatory parameters decline over time despite no change in VO2 peak, and female patients exhibit a more rapid deterioration compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Tucker
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, HS-1725, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Nichole Lee
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, HS-1725, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, HS-1725, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jacob Looney
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, HS-1725, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Reva H Crandall
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, HS-1725, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Caralee Forseen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Ryan A Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, HS-1725, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, UK.
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21
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Tucker MA, Taylor K, Merchant R, George S, Stoddard C, Kopera K. Scopolamine does not impact declarative and motor memory consolidation across a night of sleep or a day of wakefulness. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:371-378. [PMID: 30172950 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that normal waking levels of acetylcholine (ACH) are important for initial memory acquisition, and that decreased ACH is critical for memory consolidation. Sleep is thought to benefit memory consolidation in part due to the predominance of low ACH levels observed during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Here we examined whether sleep and ACH suppression with the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine impact declarative and motor memory consolidation across a night of sleep or a day of wakefulness. Eighty-seven participants trained on a declarative and motor memory task in the morning or evening. Following training, participants were administered a scopolamine (0.4 mg) or placebo capsule. Participants were retested on the tasks 12 h later after a day of wake or a night of sleep. Reducing ACH levels with scopolamine provided no consolidation benefit for either task. Additionally, we found that sleep had a pronounced beneficial effect for declarative, but not motor memory consolidation. Lastly, in an exploratory analysis of the relationship between motivation and memory performance, we found that indices of intrinsic motivation were associated with improved memory acquisition and consolidation. Our findings show that reducing ACH levels after memory acquisition has no impact on the consolidation of declarative or motor memories. Additionally, sleep benefitted declarative memory but not motor memory consolidation, which highlights the interesting, though uncommon, finding that performance on some tasks might not benefit from sleep. Interestingly, the future study of intrinsic motivation may be warranted given its relationship to memory acquisition and consolidation. These findings add to our understanding of how sleep and acetylcholine impact memory consolidation, and may provide some insight about the role of ACH in memory disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Tucker
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, United States.
| | - Kathryn Taylor
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, United States
| | - Rozina Merchant
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, United States
| | - Sharon George
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, United States
| | - Caroline Stoddard
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, United States
| | - Kevin Kopera
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, United States
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Caldwell AR, Burchfield J, Moyen NE, Tucker MA, Butts CL, Elbin RJ, Ganio MS. Obesity, but not hypohydration, mediates changes in mental task load during passive heating in females. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5394. [PMID: 30128190 PMCID: PMC6098944 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The independent effects of hypohydration and hyperthermia on cognition and mood is unclear since the two stresses often confound each other. Further, it is unknown if obese individuals have the same impairments during hyperthermia and hypohydration that is often observed in non-obese individuals. Methods The current study was designed to assess the independent and combined effects of mild hypohydration and hyperthermia on cognition, mood, and mental task load in obese and non-obese females. Twenty-one healthy females participated in two passive heating trials, wherein they were either euhydrated or hypohydrated prior to and throughout passive heating. Cognition (ImPACT), mental task load (NASA-TLX), and mood (Brunel Mood Scale; BRUMS) were measured before and after a 1.0 °C increase in core temperature (TC). Results After a 1.0 °C TC elevation, hypohydration resulted in greater (p < 0.05) body mass loss (-1.14 ± 0.48 vs -0.58 ± 0.48 kg; hypohydrated and euhydrated, respectively) and elevation in serum osmolality (292 ± 4 vs 282 ± 3 mOsm; p < 0.05) versus euhydration. Hypohydration, independent of hyperthermia, did not affect mental task load or mood (p > 0.05). Hyperthermia, regardless of hydration status, impaired (∼5 A.U) measures of memory-based cognition (verbal and visual memory), and increased mental task load, while worsening mood (p < 0.05). Interestingly, obese individuals had increased mental task load while hyperthermic compared to the non-obese individuals (p < 0.05) even while euhydrated. Hypohydration did not exacerbate any heat-related effects on cognition between obese and non-obese females (p > 0.05). Conclusion These data indicate that hyperthermia independently impairs memory-based aspects of cognitive performance, mental task load, and leads to a negative mood state. Mild hypohydration did not exacerbate the effects of hyperthermia. However, obese individuals had increased mental task load during hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Caldwell
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Jenna Burchfield
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Nicole E Moyen
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Matthew A Tucker
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America.,Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Cory L Butts
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - R J Elbin
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
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Lau EYY, McAteer S, Leung CNW, Tucker MA, Li C. Beneficial effects of a daytime nap on verbal memory in adolescents. J Adolesc 2018; 67:77-84. [PMID: 29929055 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the sleep-dependent memory consolidation of verbal declarative memory in Chinese adolescents in a naturalistic experimental setting. Thirty-nine healthy boarding school students (ages 15-18, 70% female) were randomized to either a one-hour afternoon nap or wake group between the baseline and the retest sessions of three verbal declarative memory tasks: a Prose Stories Recall task, a Word Pair Associates task, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Results showed that the nap group performed better than the no-nap group on both the Prose Stories Recall task and the Word Pair Associates task, but not on list learning. Our findings suggest that napping is beneficial to verbal declarative memory in adolescents, providing ecologically-valid empirical support for the sleep-dependent memory consolidation hypothesis using a napping paradigm in participants' naturalistic habitat. Our results demonstrate the potential importance of napping as a practical mnemonic intervention/compensatory strategy for student populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Yuet Ying Lau
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Susan McAteer
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Cheng Li
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Tucker MA, Siegler N, Looney J, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, McKie KT, Forseen C, Crandall RH, Harris RA. Sex Influences Changes Over Time In Exercise Ventilatory Dynamics In Patients With Cystic Fibrosis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536252.13162.9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Ray SC, Baban B, Tucker MA, Seaton AJ, Chang KC, Mannon EC, Sun J, Patel B, Wilson K, Musall JB, Ocasio H, Irsik D, Filosa JA, Sullivan JC, Marshall B, Harris RA, O'Connor PM. Oral NaHCO 3 Activates a Splenic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway: Evidence That Cholinergic Signals Are Transmitted via Mesothelial Cells. J Immunol 2018; 200:3568-3586. [PMID: 29661827 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that oral NaHCO3 intake stimulates splenic anti-inflammatory pathways. Following oral NaHCO3 loading, macrophage polarization was shifted from predominantly M1 (inflammatory) to M2 (regulatory) phenotypes, and FOXP3+CD4+ T-lymphocytes increased in the spleen, blood, and kidneys of rats. Similar anti-inflammatory changes in macrophage polarization were observed in the blood of human subjects following NaHCO3 ingestion. Surprisingly, we found that gentle manipulation to visualize the spleen at midline during surgical laparotomy (sham splenectomy) was sufficient to abolish the response in rats and resulted in hypertrophy/hyperplasia of the capsular mesothelial cells. Thin collagenous connections lined by mesothelial cells were found to connect to the capsular mesothelium. Mesothelial cells in these connections stained positive for the pan-neuronal marker PGP9.5 and acetylcholine esterase and contained many ultrastructural elements, which visually resembled neuronal structures. Both disruption of the fragile mesothelial connections or transection of the vagal nerves resulted in the loss of capsular mesothelial acetylcholine esterase staining and reduced splenic mass. Our data indicate that oral NaHCO3 activates a splenic anti-inflammatory pathway and provides evidence that the signals that mediate this response are transmitted to the spleen via a novel neuronal-like function of mesothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Ray
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Matthew A Tucker
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912; and
| | - Alec J Seaton
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Kyu Chul Chang
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Elinor C Mannon
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Jingping Sun
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Bansari Patel
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Katie Wilson
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | | | - Hiram Ocasio
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Debra Irsik
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | | | | | - Brendan Marshall
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912; and
| | - Paul M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912;
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Tucker MA, Looney J, Blackburn M, Pollock JS, Pollock DM, Harris RA. Hemodynamic Hyper‐reactivity to Acute Stress in Individuals Reporting Adversity during Childhood: Role of Endothelin‐1. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.714.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Looney
- Department of Population Health SciencesAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | - Marsha Blackburn
- Department of Population Health SciencesAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | | | - David M. Pollock
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Ryan A. Harris
- Department of Population Health SciencesAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
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Tucker MA, Morris CJ, Morgan A, Yang J, Myers S, Pierce JG, Stickgold R, Scheer FAJL. The Relative Impact of Sleep and Circadian Drive on Motor Skill Acquisition and Memory Consolidation. Sleep 2017; 40:3765296. [PMID: 28460138 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Sleep during the biological night facilitates memory consolidation. Here we determined the impact of sleep and wake on motor skill learning (acquisition) and subsequent off-line skill improvement (memory consolidation), independent of circadian phase, and compared this to the impact of the endogenous circadian system, independent of whether sleep occurred during the biological night or day. Methods Participants completed two 8-day sleep laboratory visits, adhering on one visit to a circadian aligned ("normal") sleep schedule for the full duration of the protocol, and on the other to a circadian misaligned (12-hour inverted) schedule, with alignment during the first 3 days, a 12-hour 'slam shift' on Day 4, followed by circadian misalignment during the last 4 days of the protocol. Participants were repeatedly trained and tested on different versions of the finger-tapping motor sequence task across each visit. Results Sleep facilitated offline memory consolidation regardless of whether it occurred during the biological day or night, while circadian phase had no significant impact. These sleep-related benefits remained after accounting for general motor speed, measured in the absence of learning. In addition, motor skill acquisition was facilitated when the training session followed shortly after sleep, without significant impact of circadian phase (biological morning vs. evening). This effect was largely driven by heightened acquisition in participants who slept during the day and were trained shortly thereafter, that is, when acquisition occurred during the biological evening. These benefits were also retained after controlling for general motor speed. Conclusions Sleep benefits both the acquisition and consolidation of motor skill regardless of whether they occur during the biological day or night. After controlling for general motor speed, a critical adjustment that few studies perform, these sleep benefits remain intact. Our findings have clear implications for night shift workers who obtain their sleep during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Tucker
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC
| | - Christopher J Morris
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jessica Yang
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Samantha Myers
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Joanna Garcia Pierce
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Tucker MA, Butts CL, Satterfield AZ, Six A, Johnson EC, Ganio MS. Spot Sample Urine Specific Gravity Does Not Accurately Represent Small Decreases in Plasma Volume in Resting Healthy Males. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 37:17-23. [PMID: 28985131 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1323692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine specific gravity (USG) is often used to assess hydration status, particularly around athletic competition, but it is unknown whether high USG is indicative of plasma volume (PV) reduction (i.e., hypohydration). We tested the hypothesis that if high USG is reflective of reduced PV, subsequent fluid ingestion would increase PV. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine 24-hour changes in USG and PV in individuals presenting with high and low spot USG. METHODS Nineteen healthy males were provided food and water over 24 hours with a total water volume of 35 ml·kg-1 body mass. Absolute PV and blood volume (BV), measured using the CO-rebreathe technique, along with USG were measured before and after a 24-hour intervention period. Based on a preintervention morning spot USG, subjects were post hoc assigned to groups according to USG (≤1.020 or >1.020; low and high USG, respectively). RESULTS Despite presenting with an elevated spot USG (1.026 ± 0.004), subsequent fluid ingestion over 24 hours did not lead to changes (∆) in PV (-75 ± 234 ml) or BV (-156 ± 370 ml) in the high USG group (p > 0.05). However, a spot USG after the 24-hour intervention in this group decreased (p = 0.018) to a level indicating improved hydration status (1.017 ± 0.007). In the low USG group, there were no changes in PV (-39 ± 274 ml), BV (-82 ± 396 ml), or USG (0.003 ± 0.007) over the 24-hour fluid intervention (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Despite a high preintervention USG and subsequent decrease after 24-hour fluid intake, measures of PV and BV were not indicative of this seemingly improved hydration status. This suggests that a highly concentrated spot sample USG and subsequent changes are not accurately representative of PV or BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Tucker
- a Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA.,b Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University , Augusta , Georgia , USA
| | - Cory L Butts
- a Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Alf Z Satterfield
- a Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Ashley Six
- a Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Evan C Johnson
- a Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA.,c Division of Kinesiology and Health , University of Wyoming , Laramie , Wyoming , USA
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- a Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
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29
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Tucker MA, Crandall R, Seigler N, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, McKie KT, Forseen C, Thomas J, Harris RA. A single bout of maximal exercise improves lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 16:752-758. [PMID: 28651845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Responses to a single bout of exercise may provide critical information for maximizing improvements in pulmonary function following exercise training in cystic fibrosis (CF). We sought to determine if acute maximal exercise improves pulmonary function in patients with CF. METHODS Thirty-three patients with CF completed a comprehensive assessment of pulmonary function to determine forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and lung clearance index (LCI) prior to and immediately following maximal aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer. RESULTS Following exercise, FVC (∆0.08±0.14L) and FEV1 (∆0.06±0.15L) increased, while LCI decreased (∆-0.71±0.93) (all p<0.05). Changes in FEV1 (%predicted) were associated with peak work (r=0.40, p=0.02) and peak pulmonary ventilation (r=0.45, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS A single bout of maximal exercise acutely improves pulmonary function in patients with CF and improvements may be related to peak work and peak pulmonary ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Tucker
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Reva Crandall
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States; Pediatric Pulmonology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Nichole Seigler
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | | | - Kathleen T McKie
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Caralee Forseen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jeffrey Thomas
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States; Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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Caldwell AR, Robinson FB, Tucker MA, Arcement CH, Butts CL, McDermott BP, Ganio MS. Independent and Combined Effects of Heat Stress and Exercise on Arterial Stiffness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000516998.51451.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Tucker MA, Six A, Moyen NE, Satterfield AZ, Ganio MS. Effect of hypohydration on postsynaptic cutaneous vasodilation and sweating in healthy men. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R637-R642. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00525.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypohydration decreases cutaneous vasodilation and sweating during heat stress, but it is unknown if these decrements are from postsynaptic (i.e., sweat gland/blood vessel) alterations. The purpose of this study was to determine if hypohydration affects postsynaptic cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses. Twelve healthy men participated in euhydrated (EU) and hypohydrated (HY) trials, with hypohydration induced via fluid restriction and passive heat stress. Changes in cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; %max) in response to incremental intradermal infusion of the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and the endothelium-dependent vasodilator methacholine chloride (MCh) were assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry. Local sweat rate (LSR) was simultaneously assessed at the MCh site via ventilated capsule. At the end of the last dose, maximal CVC was elicited by delivering a maximal dose of SNP (5 × 10−2 M) for 30 min to both sites with simultaneous local heating (~44°C) at the SNP site. The concentration of drug needed to elicit 50% of the maximal response (log EC50) was compared between hydration conditions. The percent body mass loss was greater with HY vs. EU (−2.2 ± 0.7 vs. −0.1 ± 0.7%, P < 0.001). Log EC50 of endothelium-dependent CVC was lower with EU (−3.62 ± 0.22) vs. HY (−2.93 ± 0.08; P = 0.044). Hypohydration did not significantly alter endothelium-independent CVC or LSR (both P > 0.05). In conclusion, hypohydration attenuated endothelium-dependent CVC but did not affect endothelium-independent CVC or LSR responses. These data suggest that reductions in skin blood flow accompanying hypohydration can be partially attributed to altered postsynaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Tucker
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Ashley Six
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Nicole E. Moyen
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
- Fitbit, San Francisco, California
| | - Alf Z. Satterfield
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Matthew S. Ganio
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
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Tucker MA, Seigler N, McKie KT, Forseen C, Crandall RH, Harris RA. Relationship between Vascular Health and Maximal Exercise Capacity Following Sildenafil Treatment in Cystic Fibrosis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000519871.53663.0a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Caldwell AR, Tucker MA, Burchfield J, Moyen NE, Satterfield AZ, Six A, McDermott BP, Mulvenon SW, Ganio MS. Hydration status influences the measurement of arterial stiffness. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 38:447-454. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R. Caldwell
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Matthew A. Tucker
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Jenna Burchfield
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Nicole E. Moyen
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Alf Z. Satterfield
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Ashley Six
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Brendon P. McDermott
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Sean W. Mulvenon
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Matthew S. Ganio
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
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Nickerson ML, Das S, Im KM, Turan S, Berndt SI, Li H, Lou H, Brodie SA, Billaud JN, Zhang T, Bouk AJ, Butcher D, Wang Z, Sun L, Misner K, Tan W, Esnakula A, Esposito D, Huang WY, Hoover RN, Tucker MA, Keller JR, Boland J, Brown K, Anderson SK, Moore LE, Isaacs WB, Chanock SJ, Yeager M, Dean M, Andresson T. TET2 binds the androgen receptor and loss is associated with prostate cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:2172-2183. [PMID: 27819678 PMCID: PMC5391277 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alterations associated with prostate cancer (PCa) may be identified by sequencing metastatic tumour genomes to identify molecular markers at this lethal stage of disease. Previously, we characterized somatic alterations in metastatic tumours in the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2), which is altered in 5-15% of myeloid, kidney, colon and PCas. Genome-wide association studies previously identified non-coding risk variants associated with PCa and melanoma. We perform fine-mapping of PCa risk across TET2 using genotypes from the PEGASUS case-control cohort and identify six new risk variants in introns 1 and 2. Oligonucleotides containing two risk variants are bound by the transcription factor octamer-binding protein 1 (Oct1/POU2F1) and TET2 and Oct1 expression are positively correlated in prostate tumours. TET2 is expressed in normal prostate tissue and reduced in a subset of tumours from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Small interfering RNA-mediated TET2 knockdown (KD) increases LNCaP cell proliferation, migration and wound healing, verifying loss drives a cancer phenotype. Endogenous TET2 bound the androgen receptor (AR) and AR-coactivator proteins in LNCaP cell extracts, and TET2 KD increases prostate-specific antigen (KLK3/PSA) expression. Published data reveal TET2 binding sites and hydroxymethylcytosine proximal to KLK3. A gene co-expression network identified using TCGA prostate tumour RNA-sequencing identifies co-regulated cancer genes associated with 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) and succinate metabolism, including TET2, lysine demethylase (KDM) KDM6A, BRCA1-associated BAP1, and citric acid cycle enzymes IDH1/2, SDHA/B, and FH. The co-expression signature is conserved across 31 TCGA cancers suggesting a putative role for TET2 as an energy sensor (of 2-OG) that modifies aspects of androgen-AR signalling. Decreased TET2 mRNA expression in TCGA PCa tumours is strongly associated with reduced patient survival, indicating reduced expression in tumours may be an informative biomarker of disease progression and perhaps metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Nickerson
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - S Das
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - K M Im
- Data Science for Genomics, Ellicott City, MD, USA
| | - S Turan
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - S I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H Li
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - H Lou
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - S A Brodie
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - J N Billaud
- Ingenuity Systems, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - T Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A J Bouk
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - D Butcher
- Pathology and Histotechnology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L Sun
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - K Misner
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - W Tan
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - A Esnakula
- Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D Esposito
- Protein Expression Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - W Y Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J R Keller
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - J Boland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - K Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S K Anderson
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - L E Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W B Isaacs
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - M Dean
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - T Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
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Caldwell AR, Tucker MA, Butts CL, McDermott BP, Vingren JL, Kunces LJ, Lee EC, Munoz CX, Williamson KH, Armstrong LE, Ganio MS. Effect of Caffeine on Perceived Soreness and Functionality Following an Endurance Cycling Event. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:638-643. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tucker MA, Caldwell AR, Butts CL, Robinson FB, Reynebeau HC, Kavouras SA, McDermott BP, Washington TA, Turner RC, Ganio MS. Effect of hypohydration on thermoregulatory responses in men with low and high body fat exercising in the heat. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:142-152. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00768.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether men with low body fat (LO-BF) have impaired thermoregulation during exercise heat stress compared with those with high body fat (HI-BF) when euhydration (EU) is maintained. Furthermore, in LO-BF individuals, hypohydration (HY) impairs thermoregulatory responses during exercise heat stress, but it is unknown whether this occurs in HI-BF counterparts. The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that men with HI-BF have impaired thermoregulatory responses to exercise heat stress and that HY further exacerbates these impairments vs. LO-BF. Men with LO-BF [ n = 11, body mass (BM) 73.9 ± 8.5 kg, BF% 13.6 ± 3.8] and HI-BF ( n = 9, BM 89.6 ± 6.9 kg, BF% 30.2 ± 4.1), in a randomized crossover design, performed 60 min of upright cycling in a hot environment (40.3 ± 0.4°C, relative humidity 32.5 ± 1.9%) at a metabolic heat production rate of 6 W/kg BM and finished exercise either euhydrated (EU; 0.3 ± 1.2 vs. 0.3 ± 0.9% BM loss) or HY (−2.5 ± 1.1 vs. −1.7 ± 1.5% BM loss). Changes in rectal temperature (ΔTrec), local sweat rate (ΔLSR), and cutaneous vascular conductance (ΔCVC; %max) were measured throughout. When EU, LO-BF and HI-BF had similar CVC and LSR responses ( P > 0.05); however, LO-BF had a lower ΔTrec vs. HI-BF (0.92 ± 0.35 vs. 1.31 ± 0.32°C, P = 0.021). Compared with EU, HY increased end-exercise ΔTrec in LO-BF (0.47 ± 0.37°C, P < 0.01) but not in HI-BF (−0.06 ± 0.29°C, P > 0.05). HY, compared with EU, did not affect ΔLSR and ΔCVC in either group ( P > 0.05). We conclude that, when euhydrated, men with HI-BF have a greater increase in Trec vs. LO-BF but similar CVC and LSR. HY exacerbates increases in Trec in LO-BF but not HI-BF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first known investigation to compare thermoregulatory responses to exercise heat stress between men with high and low body fat (BF) in a physiologically uncompensable environment while simultaneously examining the confounding influence of hydration status. Both groups demonstrated similar sweating and cutaneous vasodilatory responses when euhydrated, despite vast differences in rectal temperature. Furthermore, in contrast to low BF, individuals with high BF demonstrated similar increases in core body temperature when either euhydrated or hypohydrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Tucker
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Aaron R. Caldwell
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Cory L. Butts
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Forrest B. Robinson
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Haley C. Reynebeau
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Stavros A. Kavouras
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Brendon P. McDermott
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Tyrone A. Washington
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Ronna C. Turner
- Department of Rehabilitation, Human Resources, and Communication Disorders, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Matthew S. Ganio
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
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Abstract
Predator-prey relationships play a key role in the evolution and ecology of carnivores. An understanding of predator-prey relationships and how this differs across species and environments provides information on how carnivorous strategies have evolved and how they may change in response to environmental change. We aim to determine how mammals overcame the challenges of living within the marine environment; specifically, how this altered predator-prey body mass relationships relative to terrestrial mammals. Using predator and prey mass data collected from the literature, we applied phylogenetic piecewise regressions to investigate the relationship between predator and prey size across carnivorous mammals (51 terrestrial and 56 marine mammals). We demonstrate that carnivorous mammals have four broad dietary groups: small marine carnivores (< 11 000 kg) and small terrestrial carnivores (< 11 kg) feed on prey less than 5 kg and 2 kg, respectively. On average, large marine carnivores (> 11 000 kg) feed on prey equal to 0.01% of the carnivore's body size, compared to 45% or greater in large terrestrial carnivores (> 11 kg). We propose that differences in prey availability, and the relative ease of processing large prey in the terrestrial environment and small prey in marine environment, have led to the evolution of these novel foraging behaviours. Our results provide important insights into the selection pressures that may have been faced by early marine mammals and ultimately led to the evolution of a range of feeding strategies and predatory behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Tucker
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - T J Ord
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - T L Rogers
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Smith CR, Butts CL, Caldwell AC, Lee EC, Munoz CX, Tucker MA, Vingren JL, Williamson KH, Armstrong LA, Ganio MS, McDermott BP. Renal Responses to Endurance Cycling in the Heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486849.09640.ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Caldwell A, Tucker MA, Butts CL, McDermott BP, Vingren JL, Kunces L, Lee EC, Munoz CX, Williamson K, Armstrong LE, Ganio MS. Effect of Caffeine on Recovery from an Endurance Cycling Event. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000485200.12646.b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Tucker MA, Butts CL, Moyen NE, Johnson EC, Adams JD, Satterfield AZ, Six A, Ganio MS. Effect of Fluid Intake on Changing Blood Volume in Healthy Males. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000487237.11983.af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Moyen NE, Burchfield JM, Butts CL, Glenn JM, Tucker MA, Treece K, Smith AJ, McDermott BP, Ganio MS. Effects of obesity and mild hypohydration on local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses during passive heat stress in females. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:879-87. [PMID: 27455036 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of obesity and mild hypohydration on local sweating (LSR) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) responses during passive heat stress in females. Thirteen obese (age, 24 ± 4 years; 45.4% ± 5.2% body fat) and 12 nonobese (age, 22 ± 2 years; 25.1% ± 3.9% body fat) females were passively heated (1.0 °C rectal temperature increase) while either euhydrated (EUHY) or mildly hypohydrated (HYPO; via fluid restriction). Chest and forearm LSR (ventilated capsule) and CVC (Laser Doppler flowmetry) onset, sensitivity, and plateau/steady state were recorded as mean body temperature increased (ΔTb). Participants began trials EUHY (urine specific gravity, Usg = 1.009 ± 0.006) or HYPO (Usg = 1.025 ± 0.004; p < 0.05), and remained EUHY or HYPO. Independent of obesity, HYPO decreased sweat sensitivity at the chest (HYPO = 0.79 ± 0.35, EUHY = 0.95 ± 0.39 Δmg·min(-1)·cm(-2)/°C ΔTb) and forearm (HYPO = 0.82 ± 0.39, EUHY = 1.06 ± 0.34 Δmg·min(-1)·cm(-2)/°C ΔTb); forearm LSR plateau was also decreased (HYPO = 0.66 ± 0.19, EUHY = 0.78 ± 0.23 mg·min(-1)·cm(-2); all p < 0.05). Overall, obese females had lower chest-sweat sensitivity (0.72 ± 0.35 vs. 1.01 ± 0.33 Δmg·min(-1)·cm(-2)/°C ΔTb) and plateau (0.55 ± 0.27 vs. 0.80 ± 0.25 mg·min(-1)·cm(-2); p < 0.05). While hypohydrated, obese females had a lower chest LSR (p < 0.05) versus nonobese females midway (0.45 ± 0.26 vs. 0.73 ± 0.23 mg·min(-1)·cm(-2)) and at the end (0.53 ± 0.27 vs. 0.81 ± 0.24 mg·min(-1)·cm(-2)) of heating. Furthermore, HYPO (relative to the EUHY trials) led to a greater decrease in CVC sensitivity in obese (-28 ± 27 Δ% maximal CVC/°C ΔTb) versus nonobese females (+9.2 ± 33 Δ% maximal CVC/°C ΔTb; p < 0.05). In conclusion, mild hypohydration impairs females' sweating responses during passive heat stress, and this effect is exacerbated when obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Moyen
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jenna M Burchfield
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Cory L Butts
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Matthew A Tucker
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Keeley Treece
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Amber J Smith
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Brendon P McDermott
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Moyen NE, Ganio MS, Burchfield JM, Tucker MA, Gonzalez MA, Dougherty EK, Robinson FB, Ridings CB, Veilleux JC. Effect of passive heat stress on arterial stiffness in smokers versus non-smokers. Int J Biometeorol 2016; 60:499-506. [PMID: 26266482 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In non-smokers, passive heat stress increases shear stress and vasodilation, decreasing arterial stiffness. Smokers, who reportedly have arterial dysfunction, may have similar improvements in arterial stiffness with passive heat stress. Therefore, we examined the effects of an acute bout of whole-body passive heat stress on arterial stiffness in smokers vs. non-smokers. Thirteen smokers (8.8 ± 5.5 [median = 6] cigarettes per day for > 4 years) and 13 non-smokers matched for age, mass, height, and exercise habits (27 ± 8 years; 78.8 ± 15.4 kg; 177.6 ± 6.7 cm) were passively heated to 1.5 °C core temperature (T C) increase. At baseline and each 0.5 °C T C increase, peripheral (pPWV) and central pulse wave velocity (cPWV) were measured via Doppler ultrasound. No differences existed between smokers and non-smokers for any variables (all p > .05), except cPWV slightly increased from baseline (526.7 ± 81.7 cm · s(-1)) to 1.5 °C ΔT C (579.7 ± 69.8 cm · s(-1); p < 0.005), suggesting heat stress acutely increased central arterial stiffness. pPWV did not change with heating (grand mean: baseline = 691.9 ± 92.9 cm · s(-1); 1.5 °C ΔT C = 691.9 ± 79.5 cm · s(-1); p > 0.05). Changes in cPWV and pPWV during heating correlated (p < 0.05) with baseline PWV in smokers (cPWV: r = -0.59; pPWV: r = -0.62) and non-smokers (cPWV: r = -0.45; pPWV: r = -0.77). Independent of smoking status, baseline stiffness appears to mediate the magnitude of heating-induced changes in arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Moyen
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - M S Ganio
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - J M Burchfield
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - M A Tucker
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - M A Gonzalez
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - E K Dougherty
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - F B Robinson
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - C B Ridings
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - J C Veilleux
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Butts CL, McDermott BP, Buening BJ, Bonacci JA, Ganio MS, Adams JD, Tucker MA, Kavouras SA. Physiologic and Perceptual Responses to Cold-Shower Cooling After Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia. J Athl Train 2016; 51:252-7. [PMID: 26942657 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-51.4.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exercise conducted in hot, humid environments increases the risk for exertional heat stroke (EHS). The current recommended treatment of EHS is cold-water immersion; however, limitations may require the use of alternative resources such as a cold shower (CS) or dousing with a hose to cool EHS patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate the cooling effectiveness of a CS after exercise-induced hyperthermia. DESIGN Randomized, crossover controlled study. SETTING Environmental chamber (temperature = 33.4°C ± 2.1°C; relative humidity = 27.1% ± 1.4%). PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Seventeen participants (10 male, 7 female; height = 1.75 ± 0.07 m, body mass = 70.4 ± 8.7 kg, body surface area = 1.85 ± 0.13 m(2), age range = 19-35 years) volunteered. INTERVENTION(S) On 2 occasions, participants completed matched-intensity volitional exercise on an ergometer or treadmill to elevate rectal temperature to ≥39°C or until participant fatigue prevented continuation (reaching at least 38.5°C). They were then either treated with a CS (20.8°C ± 0.80°C) or seated in the chamber (control [CON] condition) for 15 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Rectal temperature, calculated cooling rate, heart rate, and perceptual measures (thermal sensation and perceived muscle pain). RESULTS The rectal temperature (P = .98), heart rate (P = .85), thermal sensation (P = .69), and muscle pain (P = .31) were not different during exercise for the CS and CON trials (P > .05). Overall, the cooling rate was faster during CS (0.07°C/min ± 0.03°C/min) than during CON (0.04°C/min ± 0.03°C/min; t16 = 2.77, P = .01). Heart-rate changes were greater during CS (45 ± 20 beats per minute) compared with CON (27 ± 10 beats per minute; t16 = 3.32, P = .004). Thermal sensation was reduced to a greater extent with CS than with CON (F3,45 = 41.12, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Although the CS facilitated cooling rates faster than no treatment, clinicians should continue to advocate for accepted cooling modalities and use CS only if no other validated means of cooling are available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J D Adams
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
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Moyen NE, Anderson HA, Burchfield JM, Tucker MA, Gonzalez MA, Robinson FB, Ganio MS. Cutaneous vascular & sudomotor responses to heat-stress in smokers & non-smokers. Extrem Physiol Med 2015. [PMCID: PMC4580942 DOI: 10.1186/2046-7648-4-s1-a98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tucker MA, Adams JD, Brown LA, Ridings CB, Burchfield JM, Robinson FB, McDermott JL, Schreiber BA, Moyen NE, Washington TA, Bermudez AC, Bennett MP, Buyckx ME, Ganio MS. No Change in 24-Hour Hydration Status Following a Moderate Increase in Fluid Consumption. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 35:308-16. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1046196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Moyen NE, Burchfield JM, Butts CL, Glenn JM, Tucker MA, Treece K, McDermott BP, Ganio MS. Effects Of Mild Dehydration And Passive Heat-stress On Sudomotor Function In Obese And Non-obese Females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477805.95578.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Capitan C, Huggins RA, Adams J, Tucker MA, McDermott BP, Ganio MS, Casa D, Kavouras SA. Validity of Urine Strips on Assessing Hypohydration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477815.48944.ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tucker MA, Moyen NE, Burchfield JM, Treece K, Butts CL, McDermott BP, Kavouras SA, Ganio MS. Effect of Passive Heat Stress and Hypohydration on Arterial Compliance in Females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000476841.79390.d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Smith CR, Butts CL, Ganio MS, Tucker MA, Moyen NE, Adams J, Bonacci JA, McDermott BP. Effect Of A Cooling Vest On Perceptual, Physiological, And Performance Measures Following Exercise In The Heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477693.47639.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Burchfield JM, Elbin RJ, McDermott BP, Moyen NE, Butts CL, Treece K, Tucker MA, Ganio MS. Effects of Mild Dehydration and Hyperthermia on Cognition and Mental Task Load in Females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000476772.01437.5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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