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Pap TI, Szabó RT, Bodnár Á, Pajor F, Egerszegi I, Podmaniczky B, Pacz M, Mezőszentgyörgyi D, Kovács-Weber M. Effect of Lighting Methods on the Production, Behavior and Meat Quality Parameters of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1827. [PMID: 38929446 PMCID: PMC11200713 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Many farms have been replacing traditional lighting sources with light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs because of technological modernization. We aimed to investigate the effects of incandescent lighting (IL) and LED lighting on Cobb 500 broiler chickens for six weeks. Production parameters (body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio), calculated slaughter values (yield%, relative breast%, thigh%) and breast meat quality parameters (pH at 45 min and 24 h postmortem, color, drip loss, kitchen equipment losses, shear force, meat composition) were recorded. Non-stop recordings were used to analyze the behavior of the birds during several periods of rearing. The LED group was significantly better in the body weight parameter between week 1 and 5 and the feed conversion ratio between week 2 and 3. The most significant difference in behavior was observed in the middle of the rearing period. The chickens in the LED group spent more time eating, drinking and interacting, and rested less. There was no difference in the meat quality parameters; only shear force was significantly lower in the LED group (1781.9 g/s vs. 2098.8 g/s). According to our results, LED lighting can bring about positive changes in animal production efficiency, behavior and other important characteristics for meat consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor István Pap
- Department of Animal Husbandry Technology and Animal Welfare, Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (T.I.P.); (R.T.S.); (Á.B.); (F.P.); (D.M.); (M.K.-W.)
| | - Rubina Tünde Szabó
- Department of Animal Husbandry Technology and Animal Welfare, Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (T.I.P.); (R.T.S.); (Á.B.); (F.P.); (D.M.); (M.K.-W.)
| | - Ákos Bodnár
- Department of Animal Husbandry Technology and Animal Welfare, Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (T.I.P.); (R.T.S.); (Á.B.); (F.P.); (D.M.); (M.K.-W.)
| | - Ferenc Pajor
- Department of Animal Husbandry Technology and Animal Welfare, Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (T.I.P.); (R.T.S.); (Á.B.); (F.P.); (D.M.); (M.K.-W.)
| | - István Egerszegi
- Department of Animal Husbandry Technology and Animal Welfare, Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (T.I.P.); (R.T.S.); (Á.B.); (F.P.); (D.M.); (M.K.-W.)
| | | | - Marcell Pacz
- Led-Lighting Kft, Röppentyű u. 65-67, 4/401, 1139 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Dávid Mezőszentgyörgyi
- Department of Animal Husbandry Technology and Animal Welfare, Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (T.I.P.); (R.T.S.); (Á.B.); (F.P.); (D.M.); (M.K.-W.)
| | - Mária Kovács-Weber
- Department of Animal Husbandry Technology and Animal Welfare, Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (T.I.P.); (R.T.S.); (Á.B.); (F.P.); (D.M.); (M.K.-W.)
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Hayat K, Ye Z, Lin H, Pan J. Beyond the Spectrum: Unleashing the Potential of Infrared Radiation in Poultry Industry Advancements. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1431. [PMID: 38791649 PMCID: PMC11117323 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry is dynamically advancing production by focusing on nutrition, management practices, and technology to enhance productivity by improving feed conversion ratios, disease control, lighting management, and exploring antibiotic alternatives. Infrared (IR) radiation is utilized to improve the well-being of humans, animals, and poultry through various operations. IR radiation occurs via electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from 760 to 10,000 nm. The biological applications of IR radiation are gaining significant attention and its utilization is expanding rapidly across multiple sectors. Various IR applications, such as IR heating, IR spectroscopy, IR thermography, IR beak trimming, and IR in computer vision, have proven to be beneficial in enhancing the well-being of humans, animals, and birds within mechanical systems. IR radiation offers a wide array of health benefits, including improved skin health, therapeutic effects, anticancer properties, wound healing capabilities, enhanced digestive and endothelial function, and improved mitochondrial function and gene expression. In the realm of poultry production, IR radiation has demonstrated numerous positive impacts, including enhanced growth performance, gut health, blood profiles, immunological response, food safety measures, economic advantages, the mitigation of hazardous gases, and improved heating systems. Despite the exceptional benefits of IR radiation, its applications in poultry production are still limited. This comprehensive review provides compelling evidence supporting the advantages of IR radiation and advocates for its wider adoption in poultry production practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawar Hayat
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zunzhong Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongjian Lin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinming Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Xu C, Sun D, Liu Y, Pan Z, Dai Z, Chen F, Guo R, Chen R, Shi Z, Ying S. Effects of ambient temperature on growth performance, slaughter traits, meat quality and serum antioxidant function in Pekin duck. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1363355. [PMID: 38601909 PMCID: PMC11005821 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1363355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of temperature on growth performance, slaughtering traits, meat quality and antioxidant function of Pekin ducks from 21-42 d of age. Single factor analysis of variance was used in this experiment, 144 21 d-old Pekin ducks were randomly allotted to 4 environmentally controlled chambers: T20 (20°C), T23 (23°C), T26 (26°C) and T29 (29°C), with 3 replicates in each group (12 ducks in each replicate), the relative humidity of all groups is 74%. During the 21-day trial period, feed and water were freely available. At 42 d, the BW (body weight) and ADG (average daily gain) of T26 were significantly lower than T20 (p < 0.05), and the T29 was significantly lower than T20 and T23 (p < 0.05). The ADFI (average daily feed intake) of T26 and T29 were significantly lower than T20 and T23 (p < 0.05). Compared to the T29, the T20 showed a significant increase oblique body length and chest width, and both the keel length and thigh muscle weight significantly increased in both the T20 and T23, while the pectoral muscle weight increased significantly in other groups (p < 0.05). The cooking loss of the T29 was the lowest (p < 0.05). The T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity) of T29 was significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05), the SOD (superoxide dismutase) in the T29 was significantly higher than the T23 and T26 (p < 0.05). In conditions of 74% relative humidity, the BW and ADFI of Pekin ducks significantly decrease when the environmental temperature exceeds 26°C, and the development of body size and muscle weight follows this pattern. The growth development and serum redox state of Pekin ducks are more ideal and stable at temperatures of 20°C and 23°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agricultural, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyue Sun
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ziyi Pan
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zichun Dai
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rihong Guo
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijia Ying
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
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Kopler I, Marchaim U, Tikász IE, Opaliński S, Kokin E, Mallinger K, Neubauer T, Gunnarsson S, Soerensen C, Phillips CJC, Banhazi T. Farmers' Perspectives of the Benefits and Risks in Precision Livestock Farming in the EU Pig and Poultry Sectors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2868. [PMID: 37760267 PMCID: PMC10525424 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
More efficient livestock production systems are necessary, considering that only 41% of global meat demand will be met by 2050. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic crisis has clearly illustrated the necessity of building sustainable and stable agri-food systems. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) offers the continuous capacity of agriculture to contribute to overall human and animal welfare by providing sufficient goods and services through the application of technical innovations like digitalization. However, adopting new technologies is a challenging issue for farmers, extension services, agri-business and policymakers. We present a review of operational concepts and technological solutions in the pig and poultry sectors, as reflected in 41 and 16 European projects from the last decade, respectively. The European trend of increasing broiler-meat production, which is soon to outpace pork, stresses the need for more outstanding research efforts in the poultry industry. We further present a review of farmers' attitudes and obstacles to the acceptance of technological solutions in the pig and poultry sectors using examples and lessons learned from recent European projects. Despite the low resonance at the research level, the investigation of farmers' attitudes and concerns regarding the acceptance of technological solutions in the livestock sector should be incorporated into any technological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Kopler
- European Wing Unit, Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel;
| | - Uri Marchaim
- European Wing Unit, Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel;
| | - Ildikó E. Tikász
- Agricultural Economics Directorate, Institute of Agricultural Economics, H-1093 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Sebastian Opaliński
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Eugen Kokin
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Science, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (C.J.C.P.)
| | | | | | - Stefan Gunnarsson
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-532 23 Skara, Sweden;
| | - Claus Soerensen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Clive J. C. Phillips
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Science, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (C.J.C.P.)
- CUSP Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Thomas Banhazi
- AgHiTech Kft, H-1101 Budapest, Hungary;
- International College, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Castro F, Chai L, Arango J, Owens C, Smith P, Reichelt S, DuBois C, Menconi A. Poultry industry paradigms: connecting the dots. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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José Paixão S, Mendes AS, Possenti MA, Sikorski RR, do Vale MM, de Souza C, Guimarães BE, de Moura DJ, de Alencar Nääs I, Nunes IB. Broiler behavior differs from males to females when under different light wavelengths. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:189. [PMID: 35581505 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that different light wavelengths affect broiler behavior. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of four light wavelengths on broiler behavior from 1 to 42 days of age. Birds were housed at a stocking density of 13 birds/m2, in 32 boxes of 1.56 m2. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial of 4 × 2 (four colors × two sexes), with four replicates. Behavioral variables were accessed through cameras and observed in person thrice a week for 30 min per day in three different periods. Data were organized according to age groups and analyzed by a data mining approach with the different light wavelengths as the classes. Natural behavior defined by stretch, dust bath of male broilers reared in environments with green and blue light was more relevant to the classification of male broilers' behavior (96.9 and 96.9% accuracy and 0.8 and 1.0 of class precision of behavior classification, respectively). Blue and green lights affected the behavior of male broilers starting at 7 days of age, increasing the presence at the bird feeder, and reducing the idle period.
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Makagon MM, Riber AB. Setting research driven duck-welfare standards: a systematic review of Pekin duck welfare research. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101614. [PMID: 35042179 PMCID: PMC8777151 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the production of Pekin ducks for meat and eggs is considerable, with an estimated >200 million ducks slaughtered yearly for their meat in the United States and the European Union alone. However, despite the size of the Pekin duck industries, there is a lack of research-based guidance regarding the welfare of the ducks. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine and summarize available scientific literature related to the welfare of Pekin ducks raised on commercial farms for meat and eggs. Specifically, we aimed to identify topics where sufficient literature exists to support best-practice duck welfare recommendations, as well as further research needs. The literature search targeted original research papers and review articles published in English. Six pre-establish inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, yielding 63 publications. We summarized their content based their main topic of focus. For all original studies, we additionally recorded the country where the study was executed, scale of the project (commercial or experimental barns), general information about the housing system and management (waterers, flooring, ventilation, group size, and space allowance), and the types of outcome variables collected. We begin with an overview of key publication trends. We then synthesize and discuss welfare outcomes related to key housing/management decisions: bathing water, flooring and litter, stocking density and space availability, ventilation/air quality, lighting, outdoor access, and for egg laying birds the availability of nest boxes. Throughout, we outline specific research gaps, as well as overarching research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja M Makagon
- Center for Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
| | - Anja B Riber
- Section Welfare, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Oso OM, Metowogo K, Oke OE, Tona K. Evaluation of light emitting diode characteristics on growth performance of different poultry species: a review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2007509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O. M. Oso
- Regional Centre of Excellence in Poultry Sciences, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - K. Metowogo
- Regional Centre of Excellence in Poultry Sciences, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
- Departement of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - O. E. Oke
- Regional Centre of Excellence in Poultry Sciences, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - K. Tona
- Regional Centre of Excellence in Poultry Sciences, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
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Aldridge D, Scanes C, Kidd M. Performance and preference of broilers provided dual light warmth. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Wu Y, Huang J, Quan S, Yang Y. Light regimen on health and growth of broilers: an update review. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101545. [PMID: 34823171 PMCID: PMC8626679 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of lighting regimen is increasing with the industrialization of poultry production, as lighting has been intimately associated with not only the establishment of rhythm and synchronous physiology of broiler chickens, but also the secretion of hormones associated with broiler maturation and growth. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the effects of lighting management on growth performance, immune status, and welfare of broilers. An appropriate lighting regimen, including proper source of lighting, intensity, duration, and wavelength (color) of light, is crucial to improve the growth performance and welfare of broilers. In this review, we updated the impacts of different light regimens on health and growth performance of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingxi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuli Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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Influence of Different Light Spectrums on Behaviour and Welfare in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040924. [PMID: 33805163 PMCID: PMC8064061 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study investigated how different types of lighting affect laying hen behaviour and welfare. Amount and quality of light are important for birds to perform their natural behaviours, e.g., find food and water, recognise conspecifics and safely navigate their environment. The lighting used in poultry production facilities differs considerably from light conditions in the natural environment in which domestic fowl have evolved, which might have negative consequences for their welfare. This study examined whether light closely resembling natural daylight and light found in forest understory in Southeast Asia (ancestral habitat of jungle fowl) affected the behaviour of laying hens. The results revealed that birds had a preference for natural lighting in some situations. It is likely that these effects were due to the presence of ultraviolet light, which is known to be important for visual performance in birds. However, the differences were rather small, indicating that sufficient light intensity and other quality factors in the housing environment are more important in maintaining high welfare than the specific spectral composition of the light. This new knowledge can be used to improve the housing environment of domestic fowl by supplying artificial spectrums replicating natural lighting. Abstract Artificial commercial lighting used in animal production facilities can have negative influences on visual abilities, behaviour and welfare of domestic fowl. This study examined the effects of natural-derived light spectrums on behaviour, production and welfare of laying hens reared from hatching into adulthood. Comparisons were made of frequency of a range of behaviours associated with activity, aggression and comfort in birds kept in control light (commercial standard), daylight (full spectrum, including ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths and forest light (forest understorey, including UV). In addition, bird preferences for different lights, feather damage and egg production were monitored. The results showed that the behavioural repertoire of birds changed with age, while the effects of light treatment were subtle. Some evidence was found that birds preferred either daylight or forest light to control light, suggesting that inclusion of UV contributed to the preference. Daylight and forest light were associated with more active behaviours, and daylight with better plumage and later start of lay. Thus natural-like light may have beneficial effects on domestic fowl, but the differences between broad-spectrum light sources are rather small.
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12
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Farghly MFA, Mahrose KM, Peris SI, Abou-Kassem DE, Metwally KA, Abougabal MS, Abd El-Aziz A. Effects of lighting source as an environmental strategy for heat stress amelioration in growing Californian rabbits during summer season. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 33:159-166. [PMID: 33719905 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1895186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The current work investigated the influences of different light sources on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemicals, physiological status and health aspects. One hundred and twenty growing California rabbits were assigned into four empirical collections in an experiment of completely randomized design. Rabbits of the first collection were reared under incandescent light bulbs (control), while the second, third and fourth collections were reared under fluorescent, saving light and LED light bulbs, respectively. The results indicated that rabbits reared under incandescent and LED had the heaviest body weight at 16-weeks-old. Rabbits reared under LED recorded the greatest gain during 14-16 weeks of age and 6-16 weeks of age. The lowest feed conversion ratio was observed in rabbits reared under LED lighting, during 14-16 weeks of age, and during the whole period without significant variations. Fat percentage (%) was low in rabbits exposed to fluorescent and LED. Rabbits grown under LED showed the lowest albumin/globulin and the highest glucose concentration. Rabbits kept under LED showed the lowest rectal temperature, mortality and health risks %. Conclusively, LED lighting source might be appropriate for alteration of incandescent and fluorescent light sources in rabbit farms to improve growth performance without compromising rabbit's carcass and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F A Farghly
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid M Mahrose
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Soliman I Peris
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Diaa E Abou-Kassem
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Metwally
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Sh Abougabal
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azher University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abd El-Aziz
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Veterinary Medicine College, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Sultana S, Hassan MR, Kim BS, Ryu KS. Effect of various monochromatic light-emitting diode colours on the behaviour and welfare of broiler chickens. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different monochromatic light-emitting diode colours on the behaviour and welfare of broiler chicks. A total of 750 one-day-old chicks were used and lighting was set up as follows: pure blue (PB, 440–450 nm), bright blue (460–470 nm), sky blue (480–490 nm), greenish blue (500–510 nm), and green (530–540), while fluorescent white (400–700 nm) was used as a control. Birds were placed into 30 independent light proof pens and each light treatment was replicated five times with 25 birds in each pen. Video was recorded and behaviour was evaluated twice per day and observed five consecutive days in a week. Broiler welfare was evaluated using the characteristics of gait score, tibia dyschondroplasia, tonic immobility duration, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. In results, sitting, walking, and ground pecking behaviour were influenced by the light colour from 0 to 7 d. Extending the rearing period from 8 to 21 d resulted in increased sitting behaviour and decreased walking and pecking behaviour in chicks in the PB treatment (P < 0.05). When the growth period was extended further (22–42 d), sitting behaviour increased when chicks were exposed to PB light (P < 0.05). The effect of light colour did not significantly influence welfare of broiler chicks. Thus, the present results suggest that PB light colour decreased broiler chickens movement and thus increased duration of sitting behaviour. These results would be helpful to choose light colour for broiler producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabiha Sultana
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
- Poultry Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rakibul Hassan
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
- Poultry Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Seon Ryu
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Mohamed R, Abou-Elnaga A, Ghazy E, Mohammed H, Shukry M, Farrag F, Mohammed G, Bahattab O. Effect of different monochromatic LED light colour and intensity on growth performance, physiological response and fear reactions in broiler chicken. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1821802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radi Mohamed
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abou-Elnaga
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Emad Ghazy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hesham Mohammed
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Foad Farrag
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ghena Mohammed
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, KSA
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Elahi U, Ma YB, Wu SG, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qi GH. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and serum profile of broiler chicks fed on housefly maggot meal as a replacement of soybean meal. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1075-1084. [PMID: 31854139 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to invesstigate the housefly maggot meal (HMM) as an alternative protein source to replace the soybean meal in broiler chick's diet. A total of 720 1-day-old male broiler chicks were divided into three groups and fed diets formulated with HMM to replace soybean meal at the rate of 0%, 4% and 8%. The study lasted for 42 days in two phases. Results showed that HMM addition did not markedly affect body weight, average daily body weight gain and average daily feed intake of the broiler chicks. Feed conversion ratio increased linearly (1-21 days) in starter or quadratically (22-42 days) in the grower phase. HMM non-significantly increased the feed intake and body weight during the grower phase. Slight changes were observed for decrease of blood biochemical indices in the platelets (day 21), and alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme (day 42), and increase for red blood cells, packed cell volume, total protein and uric acid on day 42; however, the fluctuations were within the physiological range. Non-significant effects were observed for carcass composition and meat quality, except that HMM numerically reduced the shear force of breast muscle (linear, p = .058). These results are the strong evidence that HMM can be used as an alternative protein source at 8% in broiler chick's diet without any adverse effect on chick's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Elahi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - You-Biao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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House G, Sobotik E, Nelson J, Archer G. Effect of the addition of ultraviolet light on broiler growth, fear, and stress response. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Effects of Ultraviolet Light Supplementation on Pekin Duck Production, Behavior, and Welfare. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050833. [PMID: 32408575 PMCID: PMC7278434 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ducks, like other domestic poultry species, can visualize the ultraviolet (UV) portion of the light spectrum; however, the importance of UV light radiation in artificially lit duck growout facilities remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of UV light supplementation on Pekin duck production parameters, eye development, stress, and fear. Pekin ducks were reared with light-emitting diode (LED) lights supplemented with UV light or just LED lights (control). There were no differences in body weight (p = 0.32), feed conversion ratio (p = 0.38), or gait score (p = 0.89). Differences in eye morphology were observed, with ducks reared under UV light having narrower (12.3 ± 0.06632 mm; p = 0.010) and lighter (1.46 ± 0.01826 g; p = 0.025) eyes than the control (12.5 ± 0.05583 mm; 1.53 ± 0.02386 g). Ducks reared in UV environments had lower acute and chronic stress susceptibility with lower plasma corticosterone (6317 ± 593.79 pg/mL; p = 0.024), heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (0.43 ± 0.02889; p = 0.035), and composite asymmetry (0.58 ± 0.0298; p = 0.002) than control ducks (9242 ± 1120.7 pg/mL; 0.54 ± 0.04212; 0.76 ± 0.03726 mm, respectively). Ultraviolet ducks had a faster latency for the first head movement during tonic immobility (61.28 ± 9.4863 s, p = 0.026) and required more attempts to induce tonic immobility (1.71 ± 0.07333, p = 0.018) than control ducks (100.7 ± 14.846 s and 1.48 ± 0.06478, respectively). There were no differences in inversion testing (p = 0.91). These results indicate that UV lighting can lower stress and fear responses in Pekin ducks and can therefore increase welfare. Additionally, this study emphasizes the importance of choosing correct artificial lighting for all poultry species.
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Soliman FN, El-Sabrout K. Light wavelengths/colors: Future prospects for broiler behavior and production. J Vet Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zamanizad M, Ghalamkari G, Toghyani M, Adeljoo AH, Toghyani M. Effect of sequential and intermittent white, green and blue monochromatic lights on productive traits, some immune and stress responses of broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Soliman ES, Hassan RA. Impact of lighting color and duration on productive performance and Newcastle disease vaccination efficiency in broiler chickens. Vet World 2019; 12:1052-1059. [PMID: 31528032 PMCID: PMC6702559 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1052-1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Manipulating lighting colors and regimens is considered an effective mean for improving broiler productivity. The influence of red, blue, and white light-emitting diode (LED) was investigated using three different regimens of lighting and darkness; continuous 23 h light (L):1 h dark (D), continuous 18 h L:6 h D, and intermittent 16 h L:8 h D hours on the performance, carcass weight (CW), feed and water intake (WI), serum glucose (GLUCO), triglycerides (TG), and cholesterol (TC), intestinal bacterial load, growth and metabolic hormones, and efficiency of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. Materials and Methods A total of 252 1-day-old Ross broilers on deep litter were divided into nine groups. The 1st, 4th, and 7th groups were exposed to continuous 23L:1D, the 2nd, 5th, and 8th groups were exposed to continuous 18L:6D, and the 3rd, 6th, and 9th groups were exposed to intermittent 16L:8D (4L:2D, 4 times) lighting regimen using red, blue, and white LED lights, respectively. A total of 1350 samples (225 sera, 225 swabs, and 900 organ samples) were collected. Results Blue LED group revealed a highly significant increase (p<0.01) in live body weight, body weight gain, performance index, CW, spleen, heart, and liver weights, and anti-ND antibody titer, as well as a highly significant decline (p<0.01) of feed intake, WI, GLUCO, TG, TC, growth hormone, insulin, tri-iodothyronine (T3), tetra-iodothyronine (T4), total bacterial count (TBC), and total Enterobacteriaceae count compared to red and white LED lights in all tested lighting regimens. Continuous 23L:1D and 18L:6D regimens were significantly (p<0.01) superior to intermittent 16L:8D in their influence on the performance, CW, biochemistry, hormonal profile, and bacterial load. Conclusion The blue LED light associated with continuous 18L:6D or 23L:1D h regimen is highly recommended in broiler houses for their enhancing the productive performance, growth, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam S Soliman
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis, and Animal Behavior, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Rania A Hassan
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Animal Production Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Ulgezen ZN, Käpylä T, Meerlo P, Spoelstra K, Visser ME, Dominoni DM. The preference and costs of sleeping under light at night in forest and urban great tits. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190872. [PMID: 31213184 PMCID: PMC6599990 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasing phenomenon associated with worldwide urbanization. In birds, broad-spectrum white ALAN can have disruptive effects on activity patterns, metabolism, stress response and immune function. There has been growing research on whether the use of alternative light spectra can reduce these negative effects, but surprisingly, there has been no study to determine which light spectrum birds prefer. To test such a preference, we gave urban and forest great tits (Parus major) the choice where to roost using pairwise combinations of darkness, white light or green dim light at night (1.5 lux). Birds preferred to sleep under artificial light instead of darkness, and green was preferred over white light. In a subsequent experiment, we investigated the consequence of sleeping under a particular light condition, and measured birds' daily activity levels, daily energy expenditure (DEE), oxalic acid as a biomarker for sleep debt and cognitive abilities. White light affected activity patterns more than green light. Moreover, there was an origin-dependent response to spectral composition: in urban birds, the total daily activity and night activity did not differ between white and green light, while forest birds were more active under white than green light. We also found that individuals who slept under white and green light had higher DEE. However, there were no differences in oxalic acid levels or cognitive abilities between light treatments. Thus, we argue that in naive birds that had never encountered light at night, white light might disrupt circadian rhythms more than green light. However, it is possible that the negative effects of ALAN on sleep and cognition might be observed only under intensities higher than 1.5 lux. These results suggest that reducing the intensity of light pollution as well as tuning the spectrum towards long wavelengths may considerably reduce its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep N. Ulgezen
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Teemu Käpylä
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kamiel Spoelstra
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel E. Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Davide M. Dominoni
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
Light colors may affect poultry behaviors, well-being and performance. However, preferences of layer pullets for light colors are not fully understood. This study was conducted to investigate the pullet preferences for four light-emitting diode colors, including white, red, green and blue, in a lighting preference test system. The system contained four identical compartments each provided with a respective light color. The pullets were able to move freely between the adjacent compartments. A total of three groups of 20 Chinese domestic Jingfen layer pullets (54 to 82 days of age) were used for the test. Pullet behaviors were continuously recorded and summarized for each light color/compartment into daily time spent (DTS), daily percentage of time spent (DPTS), daily times of visit (DTV), duration per visit, daily feed intake (DFI), daily feeding time (DFT), feeding rate (FR), distribution of pullet occupancy and hourly time spent. The results showed that the DTS (h/pullet·per day) were 3.9±0.4 under white, 1.4±0.3 under red, 2.2±0.3 under green and 4.5±0.4 under blue light, respectively. The DTS corresponded to 11.7% to 37.6% DPTS in 12-h lighting periods. The DTV (times/pullet·per day) were 84±5 under white, 48±10 under red, 88±10 under green and 94±8 under blue light. Each visit lasted 1.5 to 3.2 min. The DFI (g/pullet·per day) were 27.6±1.7 under white, 7.1±1.6 under red, 15.1±1.1 under green and 23.1±2.0 under blue light. The DFT was 0.18 to 0.65 h/pullet·per day and the FR was 0.57 to 0.75 g/min. For most of the time during the lighting periods, six to 10 birds stayed under white, and one to five birds stayed under red, green and blue light. Pullets preferred to stay under blue light when the light was on and under white light 4 h before the light off. Overall, pullets preferred blue light the most and red light the least. These findings substantiate the preferences of layer pullets for light colors, providing insights for use in the management of light-emitting diode colors to meet pullet needs.
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Olanrewaju H, Miller W, Maslin W, Collier S, Purswell J, Branton S. Influence of light sources and photoperiod on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and health indices of broilers grown to heavy weights. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1109-1116. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Color temperature of light-emitting diode lighting matters for optimum growth and welfare of broiler chickens. Animal 2017; 12:1015-1021. [PMID: 28988553 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117002361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diode (LED) light bulbs are becoming more prevalent in broiler production as they are dimmable and more energy efficient than compact fluorescent lamps. Although there is some research on how spectrum of light can affect production, little has been conducted on how it may affect stress, and behavior. To determine how different spectrum of light produced by LED lights could affect production, stress and behavior we raised broilers under either 2700 K (WARM) or 5000 K (COOL) color temperature LED bulbs. To determine stress susceptibility bilateral asymmetry (ASYM, n=128), plasma corticosterone concentrations (CORT, n=40) and heterophil/lymphocyte ratios (HL, n=80) were measured. Fear was measured using tonic immobility (TI, n=128), inversion (INV, n=128) and isolation (ISO, n=128). Weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were also determined. The COOL birds had lower ASYM (1.65±0.08 mm, P=0.001), CORT (5.8±1.2 ng/dl, P=0.01) and HL (0.16±0.01, P=0.03) than the WARM birds (2.38±0.14 mm, 13.4±2.7 ng/dl and 0.21±0.02, respectively). The COOL birds righted faster during TI (136.2±11.1 s, P=0.001), flapped less intensely during INV (4.1±0.1 flaps/s, P<0.001) and vocalized less during ISO (45.3±2.8 vocalizations, P=0.005) when compared with WARM birds (207.2±15.8 s, 4.9±0.1 flaps/s and 56.5±2.9 vocalizations). The COOL birds (2.89±0.03 kg, P=0.02) grew to a heavier weight at the end of 42 day then WARM birds (2.79±0.03 kg). The COOL birds (1.54±0.03) had better FCR (P=0.02) than WARM birds (1.61±0.01). These results demonstrate that raising broilers under 5000 K LED lights can reduce their stress, fear and increase weight gain when compared with 2700 K. These results indicate that the spectrum of light used for rearing of broilers is not only important for production, but also for welfare of the birds.
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Olanrewaju H, Miller W, Maslin W, Collier S, Purswell J, Branton S. Effects of light sources and intensity on broilers grown to heavy weights. Part 1: Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and welfare indices. Poult Sci 2016; 95:727-35. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Zhang L, Zhu XD, Wang XF, Li JL, Gao F, Zhou GH. Green Light-emitting Diodes Light Stimuli during Incubation Enhances Posthatch Growth without Disrupting Normal Eye Development of Broiler Embryos and Hatchlings. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1562-1568. [PMID: 26954202 PMCID: PMC5088375 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Monochromatic green light-emitting diodes (LED) light stimuli influences the posthatch growth performance of chicks. This study was undertaken with the following objectives: i) to examine whether the green LED light stimuli induces an overheating effect by determining weight loss rate of fertile eggs during incubation period; ii) to look for the development of eyes and other primary organs at different ages of embryos and newly hatched chicks. Arbor Acres fertile broiler eggs (n = 480) were randomly assigned to 3 incubation groups and exposed to continuous white light, green light, or a dark environment (control) from the first day to 19 d of incubation. The light sourced from LED lamps with the intensity of 30 lx at eggshell level. The results showed that either green or white light stimuli during incubation did not significantly affect the weight loss rate of fertile eggs, hatching time, hatchability, chick embryo, or body weight (BW), the weight percentage of heart, liver, and eyes, as well as obvious systematic abnormalities in eye weight, side-to-side, back-to-front, or corneal diameter from 15 d of embryogenesis to 6 d of posthatch (p>0.05). Compared with the dark condition, green light stimuli during incubation tended to increase feed intake (p = 0.080), improved the BW gain of chicks during 0 to 6 day posthatch (p<0.05), and increased the percentage of pectoral muscle to the BW on 3- and 6-day-old chicks. In addition, embryos or chicks in green light had lower weight percentage of yolk retention on 19 d of embryogenesis and 1 d of posthatch in comparison to those in dark or white group (p<0.05). These results suggest that providing 30 lx green LED light stimuli during incubation has no detrimental effect on the development of eyes, heart and liver of embryos and hatchlings, but does have potential benefits in terms of enhancement of the chick growth during the early posthatch stages. In addition, the fertile broiler eggs stimulated with 30 lx green LED light during incubation does not cause an overheating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - X D Zhu
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - X F Wang
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - J L Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - F Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - G H Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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The relationship of spectral sensitivity with growth and reproductive response in avian breeders (Gallus gallus). Sci Rep 2016; 6:19291. [PMID: 26765747 PMCID: PMC4725905 DOI: 10.1038/srep19291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study demonstrated that birds that are exposed to light at night develop advanced reproductive systems. However, spectrum might also affect the photoperiodic response of birds. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of spectral composition on the growth and reproductive physiology of female breeders, using pure light-emitting diode spectra. A total of 1,000 newly hatched female avian breeders (Gallus gallus) were equally allocated to white-, red-, yellow-, green- and blue-light treated groups. We found that blue-light treated birds had a greater and faster weight gain than did red- and yellow-light treated birds (P = 0.02 and 0.05). The red light expedited the sexual maturation of the chicks, whose age at sexual maturity was 7 and 14 days earlier than that of the green- and blue-light treated birds, respectively. The accumulative egg production of the red-light treated birds was 9 and 8 eggs more than that of the blue- and green-light treated birds. The peak lay rate of the red-light treated groups was significantly greater than the blue-light treated birds (P = 0.028). In conclusion, exposure to short-wavelength light appears to promote growth of female breeder birds, whereas exposure to long-wavelength light appears to accelerate reproductive performance.
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Huth JC, Archer GS. Comparison of Two LED Light Bulbs to a Dimmable CFL and their Effects on Broiler Chicken Growth, Stress, and Fear. Poult Sci 2015. [PMID: 26201348 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry is currently undergoing a shift to alternative lighting sources as incandescent lights become less available. While LED and CFL bulbs both have associated increased energy savings, they may affect the bird's growth and well-being differently as they output different light spectrums. To determine how different LED bulbs and a CFL bulb affected broiler performance, behavior, stress, and overall well-being, we conducted an experiment using Cobb broiler chickens (N=360). A NextGen LED bulb (NextGen), a Once Innovations LED bulb (Once), and a dimmable CFL (CFL) were used, all of which had different spectral outputs. Growth and feed conversion, several stress measures, fear tests, organ characteristics, and animal welfare assessment parameters were collected to determine how each light type affected animal well-being. LED treatments had shorter (P<0.05) latency to right during tonic immobility testing when compared to the CFL treatment; however, no other differences (P>0.05) were seen in the other fear tests. The Once treatment resulted in lower composite physical asymmetry, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, and basal plasma corticosterone concentrations compared to the other treatments (P<0.05). Differences were observed in some organ measures; notably in the eye dimensions of the Once treatment. The Once treatment also had lower (P<0.05) plumage, hock, and footpad scores when compared to CFL treatment, while the Nextgen treatment had lower (P<0.05) plumage and hock scores than the CFL treatment but no difference between the two was seen in foot pad scores. Weight at the end of the growout was not affected by bulb type, however, both LED treatments had increased feed conversion (P<0.05). These results indicate that LEDs can result in better well-being and feed conversion when compared to CFLs. It is also notable that the LEDs did not have the same effects and this is likely due to the spectrum of light each creates. LEDs were shown to improve production and well-being of broiler chickens compared to CFLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C Huth
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University
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