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Palomar M, Soler MD, Benavides-Reyes C, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, García-Bautista JA, Orozco A, Garcés-Narro C. Effects of dietary free fatty acid content and degree of fat saturation on tibia bone properties of laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104177. [PMID: 39180782 PMCID: PMC11385419 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acid oils and fatty acid distillates are fat by-products of the refining process of edible oils and are characterized by their high proportion of free fatty acids (FFA). While lipids are essential in poultry diets, their chemical structure may interfere with calcium absorption. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of dietary FFA content and the degree of fat saturation on bone metabolism in commercial layers. For 15-wk, a total of 144 laying hens (19-wk-old) were randomly assigned to 8 treatments (6 replicates with 3 birds each), which were obtained by gradually replacing crude soybean oil (rich in unsaturated fatty acids [UFA]) with soybean acid oil (rich in UFA and FFA), or crude palm oil (rich in saturated fatty acids [SFA]) with palm fatty acid distillate (rich in SFA and FFA). Following a 2 × 4 factorial design, 4 UFA-rich and 4 SFA-rich diets were created with varying FFA content: 10, 20, 30, and 45%. Tibiae (6 birds/treatment) were collected at the end of the trial for the assessment of mineral composition, morphological properties, and mechanical characteristics. The data were analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA with the GLM procedure. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts were employed to determine the linear effect of increasing %FFA, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. The degree of saturation was found to negatively impact on calcium and phosphorus bone content, with higher levels found in soybean-based diets (P < 0.001). A significant interaction was observed for medullary bone mineral content, showing a linear decrease as the dietary %FFA increased (P < 0.05) in palm diets. In contrast, morphological and mechanical bone traits, total ash content, and cortical bone mineral composition remained unaffected (P > 0.05). These results suggest that the degree of fat saturation exerts a greater impact than FFA content on bone mineral metabolism, supporting the commercial use of fat by-products rich in FFA in laying hen diets, at least during the early stages of the laying cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Palomar
- AviFeed Science, Department of Animal Production and Health, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera - CEU Universities, Alfara de Patriarca, Valencia E-46115, Spain
| | - M D Soler
- AviFeed Science, Department of Animal Production and Health, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera - CEU Universities, Alfara de Patriarca, Valencia E-46115, Spain
| | - C Benavides-Reyes
- Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain
| | - A B Rodríguez-Navarro
- Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain
| | - J A García-Bautista
- AviFeed Science, Department of Animal Production and Health, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera - CEU Universities, Alfara de Patriarca, Valencia E-46115, Spain
| | - A Orozco
- AviFeed Science, Department of Animal Production and Health, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera - CEU Universities, Alfara de Patriarca, Valencia E-46115, Spain
| | - C Garcés-Narro
- AviFeed Science, Department of Animal Production and Health, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera - CEU Universities, Alfara de Patriarca, Valencia E-46115, Spain.
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Fu Y, Zhou J, Schroyen M, Lin J, Zhang H, Wu S, Qi G, Wang J. Dietary supplementation with calcitriol or quercetin improved eggshell and bone quality by modulating calcium metabolism. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 18:340-355. [PMID: 39290856 PMCID: PMC11406101 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary calcitriol or quercetin supplementation on eggshell and bone quality of laying hens. In trial 1, 72 Hy-Line Brown layers (80-week-old) with weak-shelled strength (25 to 30 N) were assigned into 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 3 birds and fed a basal diet (4% calcium level) or basal diets supplemented with 0.5% calcium, 5 μg/kg calcitriol or 500 mg/kg quercetin for 4 weeks. In trial 2, 360 Hy-Line Brown layers (60-week-old) were divided into 3 groups with 8 replicates of 15 birds: control group (basal diet), calcitriol group (basal diet + 5 μg/kg calcitriol), and quercetin group (basal diet + 500 mg/kg quercetin). This trial lasted for 12 weeks. The results showed that dietary calcitriol or quercetin improved eggshell quality in both trials (P < 0.05). In trial 2, compared with the control group, both calcitriol and quercetin supplementations improved femoral bone quality, calcium retention of hens and calcium content in uterine fluid at 18.5 h post-oviposition (PO) (P < 0.05), along with enhancing uterine morphology. Compared to the control group, supplemental calcitriol or quercetin up-regulated the relative mRNA expression levels of uterine transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6 (TRPV6) at 8.5 h PO and plasma membrane calcium-ATPase (PMCA), vitamin D receptor (VDR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) at 18.5 h PO (P < 0.05), but down-regulated the uterine caspase 3 (CASP3) relative mRNA expression level at 8.5 h PO (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the femoral relative mRNA expression levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (up-regulated at 8.5 and 18.5 h PO) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (up-regulated at 8.5 h PO but down-regulated at 18.5 h PO) were also affected by calcitriol or quercetin supplementation (P < 0.05). Compared to the calcitriol, quercetin increased hen-day egg production and femoral medullary bone volume/bone tissue volume but reduced femoral stiffness (P < 0.05), which were accompanied by increased relative mRNA expression levels of uterine TRPV6, estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) at 18.5 h PO (P < 0.05). Overall, both dietary calcitriol and quercetin could improve eggshell and bone quality by modulating calcium metabolism of aged layers. Compared to calcitriol, dietary quercetin up-regulated the expression of uterine calcium transporters, without affecting eggshell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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David LS, Anwar MN, Abdollahi MR, Bedford MR, Ravindran V. Calcium Nutrition of Broilers: Current Perspectives and Challenges. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101590. [PMID: 37238019 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) plays an essential role in poultry nutrition as 99% of Ca is located in birds' skeletal system. However, oversupply of Ca rather than deficiency of Ca is the current concern in commercial broiler diets. Calcium is an inexpensive dietary nutrient due to the cheap and abundant availability of limestone, the major Ca source; therefore, little attention was given to the oversupply of Ca in the past. The recent shift in the use of digestible P in broiler feed formulations has necessitated a closer look at digestible Ca, as Ca and P are interrelated in their absorption and postabsorptive utilisation. In this context, data on ileal digestibility of Ca and P in ingredients has been determined. Preliminary data on the digestible Ca and digestible P requirements for the different growth stages of broilers have also recently become available. The present review focusses on these recent advances in Ca nutrition. In addition, aspects of homeostatic control mechanisms, different Ca sources and factors influencing Ca digestibility in poultry are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Shiromi David
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - M Naveed Anwar
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Van Den Brink Poultry Ltd., Christchurch 7677, New Zealand
| | - M Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Velmurugu Ravindran
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Lee SM, Kim HK, Lee HB, Kwon OD, Lee EB, Bok JD, Cho CS, Choi YJ, Kang SK. Effects of flaxseed supplementation on omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio, lipid mediator profile, proinflammatory cytokines and stress indices in laying hens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.2000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mok Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyum Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Dae Kwon
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Safaa H, Serrano M, Valencia D, Frikha M, Jiménez-Moreno E, Mateos G. Productive Performance and Egg Quality of Brown Egg-Laying Hens in the Late Phase of Production as Influenced by Level and Source of Calcium in the Diet. Poult Sci 2008; 87:2043-51. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lopez G, Leeson S. Nutrition and Broiler Breeder Performance: A Review with Emphasis on Response to Diet Protein. J APPL POULTRY RES 1994. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/3.3.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Roland DA, Bryant M. Influence of Calcium on Energy Consumption and Egg Weight of Commercial Leghorns. J APPL POULTRY RES 1994. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/3.2.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jørgensen H, Jakobsen K, Eggum BO. The Influence of Different Protein, Fat and Mineral Levels on the Digestibility of Fat and Fatty Acids Measured at the Terminal Ileum and in Faeces of Growing Pigs. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/09064709209410125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Leeson S, Summers JD. Effect of dietary calcium levels near the time of sexual maturity on water intake and excreta moisture content. Poult Sci 1987; 66:1918-23. [PMID: 3452212 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0661918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three trials were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium on water balance of leghorn pullets. Trial 1 involved introduction of a 4% calcium layer diet at 112, 123, 134, or 144 days of age. Introducing the layer diet early had an early but transitory effect on water intake (P less than .05) and absolute quantity of excreta moisture, although the pattern of percentage excreta moisture was not clearly defined. In a second trial, birds were moved to laying cages at 105 days, with diet change from 1 to 4% calcium occurring at 112 or 142 days. When the layer diet was offered at 112 days, percentage excreta moisture was higher from 113 to 142 days, although no difference was seen after this time. In a final experiment, introduction of a 4% calcium layer diet at either 112 or 133 days of age resulted in higher percentage excreta moisture at four measurement periods to 245 days of age, although this effect was significant only at 147 days (P less than .05). These results suggest there is a transitory effect of dietary calcium on water intake and excreta moisture content. This affect may be of concern within controlled environment buildings and with certain manure-handling systems. In commercial situations, such dietary changes are often confounded with increased dietary protein concentration, another factor known to influence water balance in pullets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leeson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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