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Cardoso TC, Panegossi LC, Gameiro R. Upregulation of INF-γ, IL-6, and IL-8 expression during replication of turkey coronavirus in nonepithelial cells obtained from Meleagris gallopavo. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2285-2289. [PMID: 34057608 PMCID: PMC8165514 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered multipotent progenitors with the capacity to differentiate into mesoderm-like cells in many species. The immunosuppressive properties of MSCs are important for downregulating inflammatory responses. Turkey coronavirus (TCoV) is the etiological agent of a poult mortality syndrome that affects intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, poult MSCs were isolated, characterized, and infected with TCoV after in vitro culture. The poult-derived MSCs showed fibroblast-like morphology and the ability to undergo differentiation into mesodermal-derived cells and to support virus replication. Infection with TCoV resulted in cytopathic effects and the loss of cell viability. TCoV antigens and new viral progeny were detected at high levels, as were transcripts of the pro-inflammatory factors INFγ, IL-6, and IL-8. These findings suggest that the cytokine storm phenomenon is not restricted to one genus of the family Coronaviridae and that MSCs cannot always balance the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cristina Cardoso
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, UNESP-University of São Paulo State, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Araçatuba, SP, 16.050-680, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Colin Panegossi
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, UNESP-University of São Paulo State, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Roberto Gameiro
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
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Abstract
Gut health is very important to get maximum returns in terms of weight gain and egg production. Enteric diseases such as poult enteritis complex (PEC) in turkeys do not allow their production potential to be achieved to its maximum. A number of viruses, bacteria, and protozoa have been implicated but the primary etiology has not been definitively established. Previously, electron microscopy was used to detect the presence of enteric viruses, which were identified solely on the basis of their morphology. With the advent of rapid molecular diagnostic methods and next generation nucleic acid sequencing, researchers have made long strides in identification and characterization of viruses associated with PEC. The molecular techniques have also helped us in identification of pathogens which were previously not known. Regional and national surveys have revealed the presence of several different enteric viruses in PEC including rotavirus, astrovirus, reovirus and coronavirus either alone or in combination. There may still be unknown pathogens that may directly or indirectly play a role in enteritis in turkeys. This review will focus on the role of turkey coronavirus, rotavirus, reovirus, and astrovirus in turkey enteritis.
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Rosa ACG, Ferreira HL, Gomes DE, Táparo CV, Cardoso TC. Isolation and molecular characterization of Brazilian turkey reovirus from immunosuppressed young poults. Arch Virol 2013; 159:1453-7. [PMID: 24327096 PMCID: PMC7086608 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated turkey reovirus (TReoV) in tissue samples from young birds, aged 15 days. RT-PCR for TReoV detected 3.3 % positive samples and TReoV was successfully isolated in Vero cells. Histological analysis of positive bursa of Fabricius (BF) revealed atrophied follicles and lymphocyte depletion. The number of CD8+, CD4+ and IgM+ cells was lower in infected BF. Phylogenetic analysis based on S3 gene showed that the Brazilian TReoV isolates clustered in a single group with 98-100 % similarity to TReoV strains circulating in the United States. This is the first indication that TReoV infection may be a contributing factor to immunosuppression in young birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina G. Rosa
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of São Paulo State, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Araçatuba, SP CEP 16050-680 Brazil
| | - Helena Lage Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, FZEA-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP CEP 13635-900 Brazil
| | - Deriane Elias Gomes
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of São Paulo State, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Araçatuba, SP CEP 16050-680 Brazil
| | - Cilene Vidovix Táparo
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of São Paulo State, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Araçatuba, SP CEP 16050-680 Brazil
| | - Tereza Cristina Cardoso
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of São Paulo State, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Araçatuba, SP CEP 16050-680 Brazil
- Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793, Araçatuba, SP CEP 16050-680 Brazil
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Franzetti E, Huang ZJ, Shi YX, Xie K, Deng XJ, Li JP, Li QR, Yang WY, Zeng WN, Casartelli M, Deng HM, Cappellozza S, Grimaldi A, Xia Q, Tettamanti G, Cao Y, Feng Q. Autophagy precedes apoptosis during the remodeling of silkworm larval midgut. Apoptosis 2011; 17:305-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cardoso TC, Ferrari HF, Bregano LC, Silva-Frade C, Rosa ACG, Andrade AL. Visual detection of turkey coronavirus RNA in tissues and feces by reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) with hydroxynaphthol blue dye. Mol Cell Probes 2010; 24:415-7. [PMID: 20732411 PMCID: PMC7125592 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for the rapid visual detection of turkey coronavirus (TCoV) infection. The reaction is performed in one step in a single tube at 65 °C for 45 min, with hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) dye added prior to amplification. The detection limit of the RT-LAMP assay was approximately 102 EID50/50 μl TCoV genome, and no cross-reaction with other avian viruses was observed. The assay was evaluated further in tissue suspensions prepared from the ileum and ileum–caecal junctions of infected turkey embryos; 100% of these samples were positive in the RT-LAMP assay. All individual feces samples collected in the field were considered positive by both conventional RT-PCR and RT-LAMP. In conclusion, RT-LAMP with HNB dye was shown to be a sensitive, simple assay for the rapid diagnosis of TCoV infection, either directly from feces or in association with virus isolation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza C Cardoso
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Laboratory of Animal Virology, Campus de Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gomes DE, Hirata KY, Saheki K, Rosa ACG, Luvizotto MCR, Cardoso TC. Pathology and tissue distribution of turkey coronavirus in experimentally infected chicks and turkey poults. J Comp Pathol 2010; 143:8-13. [PMID: 20163804 PMCID: PMC7094273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Twenty 1-day-old specific pathogen free chicks and 20 1-day-old commercially derived turkey poults were inoculated with a Brazilian strain of turkey coronavirus (TCoV) to study the pathogenicity and virus distribution up to 14 days post-inoculation by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. At 2–14 dpi, TCoV antigens were detected in the paranasal sinus and lachrymal accessory gland (Harderian gland) of infected chicks and in the ileum, ileocaecal junction and caecum of infected poults. Lymphocytic inflammation was present in these tissues. TCoV was re-isolated from pooled tissue suspensions of nasal concha, Harderian gland and paranasal sinus from chicks, as well as from the ileum, ileocaecal junction and caecum of poults, after three consecutive passages in 28-day-old embryonated turkey eggs. Viral RNA corresponding to the spike gene region (1178–2073 genome position) was amplified from the upper respiratory tract of chickens and from the intestinal tract of poults and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identity as TCoV. This is the first description of TCoV antigens and mRNA in upper respiratory tissues in experimentally infected chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Gomes
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, DAPSA, Brazil
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da Silva SEL, Bonetti AM, Petrocelli A, Ferrari HF, Luvizotto MCR, Cardoso TC. Epidemiological aspects of astrovirus and coronavirus in poults in the South Eastern Region of Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2009; 40:465-9. [PMID: 24031353 PMCID: PMC3769739 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822009000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey of Turkey Coronavirus (TCoV) and Astrovirus (TAstV-2) prevalence was carried out from February to December during 2006 year in semiarid region of Brazil, from a turkey producer area, localized in South Eastern of Brazil. To asses the risk factor related to clinical material, climatic condition and type of RT-PCR applied, cloacal swabs (CS), faeces, sera, bursa of Fabricius (BF), thymus (TH) and spleen (SP) and ileum-caeca region were collected from 30-day-old poults suffering of enteritis episode characterized as poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS). The PEMS clinical features were characterized by watery to foamy faeces, light brown-yellow in colour and low mortality rate. Meteorological data (rainfall and relative humidity) observed during along the study presented monthly average temperature ranging from 39.3 and 31.2ºC, precipitation in rainy season from 40 to 270.3 mm/month, and no rain during dry season. Simplex RT-PCR gave odds ratio (OR) values suggesting that ileum-caeca region is at higher chance (OR=1.9; p=0.9741) to have both viral RNA than faeces (OR=1.5; p=0.7319). However, multiplex RT-PCR showed 3.98 (p=0.89982) more chance to give positive results in faeces than CS at dry season. The major risk factors seem to be low rate of humidity and high temperatures at winter, probably responsible for spread, easily, the TCoV and TAstv-2 among the flocks. The positive results of both virus suggested that they can play an important role in enteric disorders, associated to low humidity and high temperatures frequently found in tropical countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E L da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Molecular , Uberlândia, MG , Brasil
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