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Feng Y, Dai G, Li M, Wu J, Xu J, Han X. The apparent metabolisable energy requirement of Sansui ducks from hatch to 21 days of age. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/jaan2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A dose-response experiment was conducted to estimate optimal dietary apparent metabolisable energy requirement (AME) in Sansui ducks (Sansui Sheldrake duck) from hatch to 21 days of age. Three hundred thirty-six one-day-old male Sansui ducks were randomly assigned to six experimental treatments, each consisting of seven replicate pens with eight birds per pen. Birds were fed diets containing either 10.92, 11.38, 11.8, 12.26, 12.68 and 13.14 MJ AME/kg, respectively. At 21 d of age, the body weight, weight gain, feed intake, protein intake, energy intake and feed conversion ratio of ducklings from each pen were measured. Increasing AME content from 10.92 MJ/kg to 13.14 MJ/kg significantly improved body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and crude protein intake (P<0.05). No significant changes in energy intake were found among treatments (P>0.05). Based on broken-line regression analysis, the AME requirement of male Sansui ducks from hatch to 21 d of age was 11.49 and 11.59 MJ/kg for maximum body weight and best feed conversion ratio, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.L. Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lao Li Po No.1, Nanming district, Guiyang, Guizhou. 550005, China, P.R
| | - G.T. Dai
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lao Li Po No.1, Nanming district, Guiyang, Guizhou. 550005, China, P.R
| | - M.J. Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lao Li Po No.1, Nanming district, Guiyang, Guizhou. 550005, China, P.R
| | - J.H. Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lao Li Po No.1, Nanming district, Guiyang, Guizhou. 550005, China, P.R
| | - J.E. Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lao Li Po No.1, Nanming district, Guiyang, Guizhou. 550005, China, P.R
| | - X. Han
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lao Li Po No.1, Nanming district, Guiyang, Guizhou. 550005, China, P.R
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Dao HT, Sharma NK, Bradbury EJ, Swick RA. Effects of L-arginine and L-citrulline supplementation in reduced protein diets for broilers under normal and cyclic warm temperature. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:927-938. [PMID: 34703910 PMCID: PMC8526778 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress causes significant economic losses in the broiler industry. Dietary supplementation of arginine (Arg) and citrulline (Cit) might increase the performance of broilers raised under warm temperature due to vasodilation effects. This study investigated the effects of L-Arg or L-Cit supplementation in broilers fed a reduced protein wheat-based diet deficient in Arg under thermoneutral (NT) and cyclic warm temperature (WT). Ross 308 cockerels (n = 720) were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments with 12 replicates of 15 birds per pen from d 7 to 21. The 4 treatments were: normal protein (NP), i.e., 22.3% and 20.9% crude protein in grower and finisher, respectively; reduced protein (RP), i.e., 2.5% lower protein and deficient in Arg; and RP supplemented with 0.28% Arg (RP-Arg) or 0.28% Cit (RP-Cit). A factorial arrangement of treatments was applied during the finisher phase (21 to 35 d). Factors were: diet (4 diets above); and temperature, NT (24 °C) or cyclic WT (33 ± 1 °C for 6 h per day) with 6 replicate pens per treatment. During 7 to 35 d and 21 to 35 d, the birds fed the RP diet had lower body weight gain (BWG) and higher FCR compared to the NP diet (P < 0.01). The addition of Arg or Cit to RP decreased FCR compared to RP (P < 0.01). During 21 to 35 d, the birds exposed to WT had lower feed intake (FI), lower BWG (P < 0.001) but similar FCR (P > 0.05) compared to birds exposed to NT. Diet by temperature interactions were not observed for performance parameters during the period of WT (P > 0.05). On d 35, the RP-fed birds had a lower yield of thigh and drumstick, higher fat pad, lower femur ash, and breaking strength but similar serum uric acid level and higher nitrogen digestibility on d 21 compared to those offered NP (P < 0.05). Supplementation of Arg or Cit to RP resulted in increased femur ash on d 35 (P < 0.05). Thus, feeding the NP diets is necessary to maintain growth performance in broilers regardless of the temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Thi Dao
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nishchal K. Sharma
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | | | - Robert A. Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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Dao HT, Swick RA. New insights into arginine and arginine-sparing effects of guanidinoacetic acid and citrulline in broiler diets. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1967708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Thi Dao
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Robert A. Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
- Poultry Hub Australia, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Dao HT, Sharma NK, Bradbury EJ, Swick RA. Response of meat chickens to different sources of arginine in low-protein diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:731-746. [PMID: 33410556 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arginine activity in broiler diets can be supplied by L-arginine (Arg), guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and L-citrulline (Cit), all of which are commercially available. This study was conducted to assess the effects of Arg source and level on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass parameters. Day-old Ross 308 cockerels (n = 768) were assigned to one of eight dietary treatments using a completely randomized design: normal protein (NP), low protein deficient in Arg (LP) and LP with two levels of either Arg (0.238% and 0.476%), GAA (0.309% and 0.618%) or Cit (0.238 and 0.476%). The LP was 5 percentage points lower in protein level than the NP. Wheat, sorghum, soya bean meal, canola meal, and meat and bone meal-based diets were fed over three feeding phases to 6 replicate floor pens with 16 birds each. Compared to NP, birds fed LP had reduced feed intake (FI, p < 0.001), reduced body weight gain (BWG, p < 0.001) and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR, p < 0.001) from day 0 to day 35. Additions of Arg or Cit to the LP at both levels resulted in increased BWG and reduced FCR (p < 0.05). Birds fed LP with GAA added had lower FCR (p < 0.05) but not higher BWG (p > 0.05) compared with the LP observed from day 0 to day 35. Supplementation of Arg, Cit and the low level of GAA to LP resulted in increased carcass yield, bone length, diameter and ash (p < 0.05) but did not increase ileal energy or nitrogen digestibility (p > 0.05). The findings indicate that Cit is an efficacious source of Arg activity in Arg-deficient diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep T Dao
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nishchal K Sharma
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Robert A Swick
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Raei A, Karimi A, Sadeghi A. Performance, antioxidant status, nutrient retention and serum profile responses of laying Japanese quails to increasing addition levels of dietary guanidinoacetic acid. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1698325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raei
- Department of Animal Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Karimi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amirali Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Miao LP, Yuan C, Dong XY, Zhang XY, Zhou MY, Zou XT. Effects of dietary L-arginine levels on small intestine protein turnover and the expression of genes related to protein synthesis and proteolysis of layers. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1800-1808. [PMID: 28340042 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the effects of dietary L-arginine (Arg) levels on protein turnover in the small intestine and the expression of genes related to protein synthesis and proteolysis of laying hens. Xinyang Black commercial laying hens (n = 864, aged 217 d) were randomly distributed to 6 treatments with 4 replicates of 36 birds. The dietary treatments were corn-corn gluten meal based diets containing 0.64, 0.86, 1.03, 1.27, 1.42 and 1.66% L-Arg, respectively. Fractional protein synthesis rate (FSR) and fractional protein gain rate (FGR) in the jejunum were the highest in the 1.27% L-Arg group. The mRNA expression of target of rapamycin (TOR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in the duodenum reached the highest in the 1.27% L-Arg group, while the mRNA expression of 20S proteasome (20S) was the lowest in the 1.27% L-Arg group. The mRNA abundances of TOR and S6K1 in the jejunum were the highest in the 1.27% L-Arg group, while the mRNA expression of 20S was the lowest in the 1.27% L-Arg group, and the protein expression and phosphorylation levels of TOR in the 1.27% L-Arg group were higher than those in the 0.64% L-Arg group. These results indicate that the action of an appropriate level of dietary L-Arg to improve the protein synthesis of the small intestine involves up-regulating the protein expression and phosphorylation level of TOR in the jejunum accompanied by inhibiting the mRNA expression of 20S of laying hens.
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Nutritional requirements of meat-type and egg-type ducks: what do we know? J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:1. [PMID: 29372052 PMCID: PMC5769293 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for duck meat, duck eggs, and associated products is increasing each year. Classic and modern selection programs have been applied to enhance the economic traits of ducks to satisfy the requirements of consumers and enhance the incomes of producers. The nutritional requirements of unselected ducks may not be adequate, however, to fulfill the potential productivity performance of modern birds, including both meat-type and egg-type ducks. In particular, an imbalanced diet is associated with low productive performance and signs of nutritional deficiency (if insufficient nutrients are supplied), as well as with high feed costs and manure problems that reflect flock health and welfare (if excessive nutrients are supplied). Thus, the main aim of this review is to summarize the results of previous studies that estimated the nutrient requirements of meat-type and egg-type ducks in order to evaluate current knowledge and to identify further issues that need to be addressed. In addition, the results obtained in previous studies are compared in order to understand how to lower commercial feed costs, fulfill the genetic potential of selected ducks, protect the environment from pollution, and satisfy the welfare and health needs of ducks.
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Xia W, Fouad AM, Chen W, Ruan D, Wang S, Fan Q, Wang Y, Cui Y, Zheng C. Estimation of dietary arginine requirements for Longyan laying ducks. Poult Sci 2017; 96:144-150. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Yuan C, Bu X, Yan H, Lu J, Zou X. Dietary L-arginine levels affect the liver protein turnover and alter the expression of genes related to protein synthesis and proteolysis of laying hens. Poult Sci 2016; 95:261-7. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Xie M, Zhang L, Wen Z, Tang J, Huang W, Hou S. Threonine requirement of White Pekin ducks from hatch to 21 d of age. Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:553-7. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.929638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang C, Hou SS, Huang W, Xu TS, Rong GH, Xie M. Arginine affects appetite via nitric oxide in ducks. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2048-53. [PMID: 24902706 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the mechanism by which arginine regulates feed intake in Pekin ducks. In experiment 1, one hundred forty-four 1-d-old male Pekin ducks were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments with 6 replicate pens of 8 birds per pen. Birds in each group were fed a corn-corn gluten meal diet containing 0.65, 0.95, and 1.45% arginine. Ducks fed the diet containing 0.65% arginine had lower feed intake and plasma nitric oxide level (P < 0.05) than the other 2 groups. In experiment 2, twenty 11-d-old ducks were allotted to 1 of 2 treatments. After 2 h fasting, birds in the 2 groups were intraperitoneally administrated saline and l-NG-nitro-arginine methyl ester HCl (L-NAME) for 3 d, respectively. Feed intake (P < 0.07) and plasma nitric oxide concentration (P < 0.05) 2 h postinjection in the L-NAME administered group were lower than those of the control group. In conclusion, the study implied that arginine modifies feeding behavior possibly through controlling endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide in Pekin ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, People's Republic of China
| | - S S Hou
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - W Huang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - T S Xu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - G H Rong
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - M Xie
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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