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Liang Y, Chang Y, Xie Y, Hou Q, Zhao H, Liu G, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Jia G. Dietary ethylenediamine dihydroiodide mitigated Escherichia coli O78-induced immune and intestinal damage of ducks via suppression of NF-κB signal. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103610. [PMID: 38489887 PMCID: PMC10952079 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Ethylenediamine dihydroiodide (EDDI) on growth performance, immune function and intestinal health of meat ducks challenged with Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). A total of 360 one-day-old Cherry Valley ducks with similar body weight were randomly allocated to 6 treatments (6 floor cages, 10 birds/cage). A 3 × 2 factor design was used with 3 dietary iodine levels (0, 8, 16 mg/kg in the form EDDI and whether APEC was challenged or not at 7-day-old ducks. The feeding period lasted for 20 d. The results showed that the addition of EDDI reduced APEC-induced decrease of the 20-d weight loss of meat ducks (P < 0.05), and alleviated the inflammatory response of liver tissue induced by APEC challenge in meat ducks. In terms of immune function, EDDI supplementation reduced the immune organ index and increased the immune cell count of meat ducks, reduced the level of endotoxins in the serum of meat ducks (P < 0.05), as well as inhibited the expression levels of liver and spleen inflammatory factors and TLR signaling pathway related genes induced by APEC (P < 0.05). In terms of intestinal health, EDDI inhibited APEC-induced decreases in ZO-3 genes expression and increases in IL-1β and TNF-α expression, increased relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in the cecum and content of metabolites. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between liver inflammatory factors and TLR4 signaling pathway genes, and there might be a significant correlation between intestinal microbial flora and other physiological indexes of meat ducks, which indicated that EDDI could reduce the damage to immune function and intestinal health caused by APEC challenge through regulating the structure of intestinal flora. Collectively, our findings suggest that the EDDI can promote growth performance, improve immune function and the intestinal barrier in APEC-challenged meat ducks, which may be related to the suppression of NF-κB signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Liang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yaqi Chang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yueqin Xie
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qinteng Hou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Guo C, Liu S, Di L, Tang S. The impact of bacillus pumilus TS2 isolated from yaks on growth performance, gut microbial community, antioxidant activity, and cytokines related to immunity and inflammation in broilers. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1383262. [PMID: 38737458 PMCID: PMC11082403 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1383262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intensive poultry farming faces challenges like gut inflammation in the absence of antibiotics, resulting in reduced productivity, heightened susceptibility to enteric diseases, and other complications. Alternative strategies are needed to manage inflammation and maintain sustainable poultry production. Yaks living in high-altitude hypoxic environments have specialized gut microbes. However, yak probiotics remain largely uncharacterized. We previously isolated a strain of Bacillus pumilus (named TS2) from yaks and demonstrated its potential as a probiotic in vitro. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the in vivo growth-promoting, antioxidant, immune, and anti-inflammatory effects of Bacillus pumilus isolated from yaks in broilers. We demonstrated the safety of TS2 isolated from yaks in broilers. Furthermore, we found that TS2 increased the average daily weight gain (ADWG) and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Supplementation with TS2 also improved the mucosal morphology, the ratio of villi to crypt cells, and enzyme activity. High-throughput sequencing showed that the abundance of Lactobacillus was higher in the TS2 treated broilers. Importantly, the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced and the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were increased in the low-dose TS2 group, while the inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were downregulated compared with the control group. We demonstrated that TS2 supplementation can increase the overall growth performance and ameliorate the blood parameters related to inflammation and immunity in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangen Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Sirui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangjiao Di
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wei B, Wang L, Nguyen MT, Lv X, Huang Y, Chen W. Fermented calcium butyrate supplementation in post-peak laying hens improved ovarian function and tibia quality through the "gut-bone" axis. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:350-362. [PMID: 38362518 PMCID: PMC10867563 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The compromised egg quality and leg abnormality during the end of the laying cycle (after 40 weeks) have been leading to poor animal welfare and substantial economic losses. Therefore, the effects of fermented calcium (Ca) butyrate, produced by fermentation by Clostridium butyricum, on production, eggshell quality, and tibial property of hens were explored. A total of 192 Hy-line brown laying hens at 50-week-old were assigned to a basal diet or the basal diet with 300 mg/kg of the fermented Ca butyrate from 50 to 58 weeks of age. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 16 hens each. The diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg fermented Ca butyrate notably increased egg weight, ovarian follicle number, and eggshell strength (P = 0.072) as compared to the basal diet, which were associated with cytokine secretion, toll-like receptor signaling pathways, and intestinal immunity based on the RNA-seq data from the granulosa. Dietary Ca butyrate inclusion decreased the expression of ileal tumor necrosis factor-alpha and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine concentration, as well as increased the content of serum immunoglobulin A when compared to the basal diet (both P < 0.05). The birds that received fermented Ca butyrate diets exhibited higher villus height (P < 0.05) and upregulated expression of tight junction proteins, whereas it did not alter the composition of cecal microbiota (P > 0.05). In addition, the diet with fermented Ca butyrate reduced the number of osteoclasts in the proximal tibia and the level of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen, a bone resorption marker (P < 0.05), whereas it tended to increase the concentration of the procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide that reflects bone formation marker in serum. Moreover, the layers fed fermented Ca butyrate diets possessed higher (P < 0.05) bone area and trabecular number of the proximal tibia, yield load, and ultimate load than those that consumed basal diets. Collectively, dietary fermented Ca butyrate supplementation in post-peak layer diets improved the ovarian function and tibia quality, which might be related to enhancing intestinal integrity and consequently decreasing inflammation mediated bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yilu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bin Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Minh Tu Nguyen
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, 49000, Viet Nam
| | - Xiangyun Lv
- Charoen Pokphand Group Co., Ltd. Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Yanqun Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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Dou L, Liu C, Chen X, Yang Z, Hu G, Zhang M, Sun L, Su L, Zhao L, Jin Y. Supplemental Clostridium butyricum modulates skeletal muscle development and meat quality by shaping the gut microbiota of lambs. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109235. [PMID: 37301103 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the contributions of Clostridium butyricum on skeletal muscle development, gastrointestinal flora and meat quality of lambs. Eighteen Dorper (♂) × Small Tailed Han sheep (♀) crossed ewe lambs of similar weight (27.43 ± 1.94 kg; age, 88 ± 5 days) were divided into two dietary treatments. The control group was fed the basal diet (C group), and the probiotic group was supplemented with C. butyricum on the basis of the C group (2.5 × 108 cfu/g, 5 g/day/lamb; P group) for 90 d. The results showed that dietary C. butyricum elevated growth performance, muscle mass, muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area, and decreased the shear force value of meat (P < 0.05). Moreover, C. butyricum supplementation accelerated protein synthesis by regulating the gene expression of IGF-1/Akt/mTOR pathway. We identified 54 differentially expressed proteins that regulated skeletal muscle development through different mechanisms by quantitative proteomics. These proteins were associated with ubiquitin-protease, apoptosis, muscle structure, energy metabolism, heat shock, and oxidative stress. The metagenomics sequencing results showed that Petrimonas at the genus level and Prevotella brevis at the species level in the rumen, while Lachnoclostridium, Alloprevotella and Prevotella at the genus level in the feces, were significantly enriched in the P group. Also, butyric acid and valeric acid levels were elevated in both rumen and feces of the P group. Overall, our results support the idea that C. butyricum could change gastrointestinal flora, and affect skeletal muscle development and meat quality of lambs by modulating gut-muscle axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Inner Mongolia Vocational College of Chemical Engineering, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Guanhua Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lina Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ye Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
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Li P, Chen X, Hou D, Chen B, Peng K, Huang W, Cao J, Zhao H. Positive effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and viability against hypoxic stress in largemouth bass. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190592. [PMID: 37711631 PMCID: PMC10498469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation of Clostridium butyricum (CB) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant activity, mRNA levels of immune-related genes and resistance to hypoxia stress were studied in largemouth bass. Feed with CB0 (control, 0 CFU/kg), CB1 (4.3×108 CFU/kg), CB2 (7.5×108 CFU/kg), CB3 (1.5×109 CFU/kg) and CB4 (3.2×109 CFU/kg) CB for 56 days, and then a 3 h hypoxic stress experiment was performed. The results showed that dietary CB significantly increased the WGR (weight gain rate), SGR (specific growth rate), PDR (protein deposition rate) and ISI (Intestosomatic index) of largemouth bass (P<0.05). Hepatic GH (growth hormone)/IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) gene expression was significantly upregulated in the CB3 and CB4 groups compared with the CB0 group (P<0.05), while the FC (feed conversion) was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Serum TP (total protein) and GLU (glucose) levels were significantly higher in the CB4 group than in the CB0 group (P<0.05), while the contents of serum AST (aspartate transaminase), ALT (alanine transaminase), AKP (alkline phosphatase) and UN (urea nitrogen) in CB4 were significantly lower than those in CB0 (P<0.05). T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity), SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), POD (peroxidase) and GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) activities were significantly higher in CB3 and CB4 groups than in CB0 group (P<0. 05). The liver MDA (malondialdehyde) content of CB1, CB2, CB3 and CB4 groups was significantly higher than that of CB0 group (P<0. 05). The relative expressions of IL-1β (interleukin 1β), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α) and TLR22 (toll-like receptor-22) genes in CB2, CB3 and CB4 groups were significantly lower than those in CB0 group (P<0.05). The relative expression of IL-8 (malondialdehyde) and MyD88 (Myeloid differentiation factor 88) genes in the CB4 group was significantly lower than that in the CB0 group (P<0.05). The liver LZM (lysozyme) content of CB2, CB3 and CB4 groups was significantly higher than that of CB0 group (P<0. 05). The relative expression of IL-10 (interleukin 10) and TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) genes in the CB4 group was significantly higher than that in the CB0 group (P<0.05). Under hypoxic stress for 3 h, the CMR of CB0 group was significantly higher than that of CB1, CB2, CB3 and CB4 groups (P<0.05). Dietary CB can improve the growth performance and resistance to hypoxic stress of largemouth bass by regulating the expression of GH/IGF-1 gene and inflammatory factors and inhibiting TLR22/MyD88 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijia Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongqiang Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junming Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang C, Hou T, Wang J, Yu Q, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Clostridium butyricum alleviates LPS-induced acute immune stress in goats by regulating bacterial communities and blood metabolites. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1099186. [PMID: 36756118 PMCID: PMC9899838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1099186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitigation and prevention of acute immune stress are essential for livestock production. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) has shown positive effects in stabilizing intestinal microbiota disorders, improving immune function and inhibiting disease development, but its effects on ruminants are unclear. Therefore, the current trial hypothesized that C. butyricum could improve goats' immune function and antioxidant capacity by regulating bacterial communities and blood metabolism and effectively alleviating the acute immune stress induced by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Sixteen healthy goats were fed C. butyricum for 70 days, and the goats were challenged with LPS on day 71. Blood and feces were collected at 0 h and 6 h after the challenge to evaluate the effects of C. butyricum on their intestinal microbiota, immune function, antioxidant function, and plasma metabolites. The results showed that C. butyricum had no significant effect on plasma biochemical parameters at the beginning of the LPS challenge. However, supplementation with C. butyricum increased plasma levels of IgA, IgG, T-SOD, and T-AOC (P < 0.05), but TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA were decreased (P < 0.05). In contrast, IL-10 showed an increasing trend (P < 0.10). Rectal microbiota analysis showed that C. butyricum significantly increased the relative abundance of Epsilonbacteraeota at the phylum level of goats; at the genus level, the relative abundances of Campylobacter and Anaerorhabdus]_furcosa_group were also significantly increased (P < 0.05). Christensenellaceae_R-7_group as the dominant microbiota also showed a significant increase in their abundance values, while Clostridium and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001 were significantly lower (P < 0.05). When the LPS challenge continued up to 6 h, dietary supplementation with C. butyricum still resulted in significantly higher plasma concentrations of IgA, IL-10, and T-SOD in goats than in the control group, reducing TNF-α levels (P < 0.05). In addition, plasma levels of T-CHOL and LDL were significantly reduced, and the expression of d-proline was significantly upregulated according to metabolomic analysis (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with C. butyricum helped optimize the expression of bacterial communities and plasma metabolites to enhance the ability of goats to alleviate acute immune stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengrui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingyi Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingyuan Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yukun Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Obianwuna UE, Qiu K, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qi GH, Huang LL, Wu SG. Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum and fructooligosaccharides, alone or in combination, on performance, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1125897. [PMID: 36910205 PMCID: PMC9992415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1125897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Clostridium butyricum (CB) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) singly or combined, on performance, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, immune function and antioxidant capacity in peak-phase laying hens. A total of 288 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (30 weeks of age) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary groups that included basal diet, basal diet +0.02% of CB (zlc-17: 1 × 109 CFU/g) (PRO), basal diet +0.6% FOS (PRE), and basal diet +0.02% CB + 0.6% FOS (SYN) for 12 weeks. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 12 birds each. The results demonstrated that probiotics (PRO), prebiotics (PRE) and synbiotics (SYN) (p ≤ 0.05), respectively, exerted a positive effect on the performance and physiological response of the birds. There were significant increases in egg production rate, egg weight, egg mass, daily feed intake and reduced number of damaged eggs. and zero mortality rate due to dietary PRO, PRE and SYN (p ≤ 0.05) respectively. Also, feed conversion was improved by PRO (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, egg quality assessment showed that; eggshell quality was increased by PRO (p ≤ 0.05) and albumen indices (Haugh unit, thick albumen content, and albumen height) were enhanced by PRO, PRE and SYN (p ≤ 0.05). Further analysis showed that PRO, PRE and SYN (p ≤ 0.05), reduced heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, increased antioxidant enzymes and immunoglobulin concentration. Although spleen index was higher for PRO (p ≤ 0.05) group. The significant increase in villi height, villi width, villi height to crypt depth ratio and reduced crypt depth were obvious for PRO, PRE, and SYN (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, improved nutrient absorption and retention evidenced by increased digestibility of crude protein and amino acids, were notable for PRO, PRE, and SYN (p ≤ 0.05) group. Collectively, our findings revealed that dietary CB and FOS alone, or combined, enhanced productive performance, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, and physiological response in peak-phase laying hens. Our results would provide direction on nutritional strategies for gut enhancers and better physiological response of peak laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Ling Huang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu WC, Huang MY, Balasubramanian B, Jha R. Heat Stress Affects Jejunal Immunity of Yellow-Feathered Broilers and Is Potentially Mediated by the Microbiome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:913696. [PMID: 35677094 PMCID: PMC9168313 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.913696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the perspective of the global climate change leading to increasing temperature, heat stress (HS) has become a severe issue in broiler production, including the indigenous yellow-feathered broilers. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of HS on jejunal immune response, microbiota structure and their correlation in yellow-feathered broilers. A total of forty female broilers (56-days-old) were randomly and equally divided into normal treatment group (NT group, 21.3 ± 1.2°C, 24 h/day) and HS group (32.5 ± 1.4°C, 8 h/day) with five replicates of each for 4 weeks feeding trial. The results showed that HS exposure increased the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05). The HS exposure up-regulated the relative fold changes of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (p < 0.01) while down-regulated the relative fold change of IFN-γ in jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, HS had no significant impacts on alpha diversity of jejunal microbiota such as Simpson, Chao1 richness estimator (Chao 1), abundance-based coverage estimators (ACE), and Shannon index (p > 0.10). Broilers exposed to HS reduced the jejunal microbial species number at the class and order level (p < 0.05). Moreover, HS decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus, Bdellovibrio, and Serratia at the genus level in jejunum (p < 0.05). At the phylum level, four species of bacteria (Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Thermi, and TM7) were significantly associated with immune-related genes expression (p < 0.05). At the genus level, ten species of bacteria were significantly correlated with the expression of immune-related genes (p < 0.05), including Caulobacteraceae, Actinomyces, Ruminococcaceae, Thermus, Bdellovibrio, Clostridiales, Sediminibacterium, Bacteroides, Sphingomonadales and Ruminococcus. In particular, the microbial with significantly different abundances, Ruminococcus and Bdellovibrio, were negatively associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines expression (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that HS exposure promoted the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in yellow-feathered broilers’ jejunum. The detrimental effects of HS on jejunal immune response might be related to dysbiosis, especially the reduced levels of Ruminococcus and Bdellovibrio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Meng-Yi Huang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, ; Rajesh Jha,
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- *Correspondence: Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, ; Rajesh Jha,
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9
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Chang Y, Mei J, Yang T, Zhang Z, Liu G, Zhao H, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Wu B, Wu F, Jia G. Effect of Dietary Zinc Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Function and Intestinal Health of Cherry Valley Ducks Challenged With Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:849067. [PMID: 35602082 PMCID: PMC9115567 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.849067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of supplemental zinc methionine (Zn-Met) on growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health of meat ducks challenged with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). A total of 480 1-day-old Cherry Valley male ducks were randomly assigned to 8 treatments with 10 replicates, each replicate containing 10 ducks. A 4 × 2 factor design was used with four dietary zinc levels (0, 30, 60, 120 mg Zn/kg in the form Zn-Met was added to the corn-soybean basal diet) and challenged with or without APEC at 8-days-old ducks. The trial lasted for 14 days. The results showed that a dietary Zn-Met supplementation significantly increased body weight (BW) of 14 days and BW gain, and decreased mortality during 7-14-days-old ducks (p < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary 30, 60, 120 mg/kg Zn-Met supplementation noticeably increased the thymus index at 2 days post-infection (2 DPI) and 8 DPI (p < 0.05), and 120 mg/kg Zn-Met enhanced the serum IgA at 2 DPI and IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 at 8 DPI (p < 0.05). In addition, dietary 120 mg/kg Zn-Met supplementation dramatically increased villus height and villus height/crypt depth (V/C) of jejunum at 2 DPI and 8 DPI (p < 0.05). The TNF-α and IFN-γ mRNA expression were downregulated after supplemented with 120 mg/kg Zn-Met in jejunum at 8 DPI (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary 120 mg/kg Zn-Met supplementation stimulated ZO-3, OCLN mRNA expression at 2 DPI and ZO-2 mRNA expression in jejunum at 8 DPI (p < 0.05), and improved the MUC2 concentration in jejunum at 2 DPI and 8 DPI (p < 0.05). At the same time, the cecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus counts were increased (p < 0.05), and Escherichia coli counts were decreased (p < 0.05) after supplemented with Zn-Met. In conclusion, inclusion of 120 mg/kg Zn-Met minimizes the adverse effects of APEC challenge on meat ducks by improving growth performance and enhancing immune function and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Chang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Mei
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Meishan Vocational Technical College, Meishan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Chelota Group, Guanghan, China
| | - Fali Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Probiotics-induced Changes in Intestinal Structure and Gut Microbiota Are Associated with Reduced Rate of Pimpled Eggs in the Late Laying Period of Hens. J Poult Sci 2022; 59:206-222. [PMID: 35989689 PMCID: PMC9346597 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0210061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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11
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Li W, Xu B, Wang L, Sun Q, Deng W, Wei F, Ma H, Fu C, Wang G, Li S. Effects of Clostridium butyricum on Growth Performance, Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Function of Broilers. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:777456. [PMID: 34956140 PMCID: PMC8692979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.777456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Clostridium butyricum dietary supplementation on the growth, antioxidant, immune response, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier function of broilers under high stocking density (HSD) stress. A total of 324 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to three treatments with six replicates, each replicate including 18 chickens (18 birds/m2). The experiment lasted 6 weeks. The three treatments were basal diet (control, CON), basal diet supplemented with 1 × 109 colony forming units (cfu)/kg C. butyricum (CB), and basal diet supplemented with 10 mg/kg virginiamycin (antibiotic, ANT). The results showed that the body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) of broilers in the CB group were significantly higher than those in the CON group in three periods (p < 0.05). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in serum of the CB group were significantly increased compared with those in the CON and ANT groups at 42 days (p < 0.05). At 42 days, the serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels of the CB group were significantly higher than those of the CON group. Compared with the CON group, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the CB group was significantly decreased in the starter and grower stages (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two treatment groups (p > 0.05). C. butyricum significantly decreased the high stocking density-induced expression levels of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the ileum of broilers at different stages. Additionally, C. butyricum could increase the expressions of claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in intestinal tissue. Moreover, C. butyricum significantly increased the Sobs and Shannon indices in the CB group compared with the ANT group (p < 0.05), while the Ace index in the CB group was significantly higher than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the proportion of Bacteroides in the CB group was increased compared to those in the CON and ANT groups at the genus level. In conclusion, C. butyricum supplemented into feed could improve the growth performance and feed utilization of broilers by promoting immune and intestinal barrier function and benefiting the cecal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linyi Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Quanyou Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengxian Wei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huihui Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaili Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Song Z, Xie K, Zhang Y, Xie Q, He X, Zhang H. Effects of Dietary Ginsenoside Rg1 Supplementation on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Serum Immunity in Broiler Chickens. Front Nutr 2021; 8:705279. [PMID: 34912836 PMCID: PMC8667319 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.705279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The restriction and banning of antibiotics in farm animal feed has led to a search for promising substitutes for antibiotics to promote growth and maintain health for livestock and poultry. Ginsenoside Rg1, which is one of the most effective bioactive components in ginseng, has been reported to have great potential to improve the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative status of animals. In this study, 360 Chinese indigenous broiler chickens with close initial body weight were divided into 5 groups. Each group contained 6 replicates and each replicate had 12 birds. The experimental groups were: the control group, fed with the basal diet; the antibiotic group, fed basal diet + 300 mg/kg 15% chlortetracycline; and three Rg1 supplementation groups, fed with basal diet + 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1, respectively. The growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health of birds were examined at early (day 1-28) and late (day 29-51) stages. Our results showed that dietary supplementation of 300 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1 significantly improved the growth performance for broilers, particularly at the late stage, including an increase in final body weight and decrease of feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Additionally, the integrity of intestinal morphology (Villus height, Crypt depth, and Villus height/Crypt depth) and tight junction (ZO-1 and Occludin), and the secretion of sIgA in the intestine were enhanced by the supplementation of Rg1 in chicken diet (P < 0.05). The immune organ index showed that the weight of the thymus, spleen, and bursa was significantly increased at the early stage in ginsenoside Rg1 supplementation groups (P < 0.05). Our findings might demonstrate that ginsenoside Rg1 could serve as a promising antibiotic alternative to improve the growth performance and gut health for broiler chickens mainly through its amelioration of inflammatory and oxidative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Kaihuan Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunlu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
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13
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Xu L, Sun X, Wan X, Li K, Jian F, Li W, Jiang R, Han R, Li H, Kang X, Wang Y. Dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum improves growth performance of broilers by regulating intestinal microbiota and mucosal epithelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1105-1114. [PMID: 34738041 PMCID: PMC8551407 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum has been widely considered an antibiotic substitute in recent years. It can promote growth performance, improve the immune response and enhance the intestinal barrier function of the host. In the present study, 1-d-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were fed C. butyricum (1 × 109 cfu/kg) for 28 d. The transcriptomic characteristics of epithelial cells of the cecal mucosa were determined by RNA-sequence, and the cecal microbiota composition was explored by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The changes in the intestinal mucosa of broilers were then analyzed by tissue staining. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations identified substance transport and processes and pathways that might participate in intestinal development and cell viability. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes are involved in numerous pathways related to amino acid and vitamin metabolism and antioxidant and defensive functions, among others. The relative expression of some genes associated with intestinal barrier function (claudins 2, 15, 19, and 23, tight junction proteins 1, 2, and 3 and mucin 1) was significantly increased in the treatment group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Moreover, the proportion of Firmicutes was higher in the C. butyricum-treated group, whereas the proportion of Proteobacteria was higher in the control group. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Butyricicoccus and Lactobacillus, among other bacteria, were increased after C. butyricum supplementation. The tissue staining analysis showed that the cecal mucosa of broilers was significantly ameliorated after the addition of C. butyricum (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). These results showed that dietary supplementation with C. butyricum can enhance the antioxidant capacity, mucosal barrier function, and stabilize the cecal microbiota, resulting in improving the growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laipeng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiangli Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xianhua Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Keke Li
- Henan Jinbaihe Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Fuchun Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wenting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.,Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.,Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.,Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.,Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.,Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.,Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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14
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Huang P, Cui X, Wang Z, Xiao C, Ji Q, Wei Q, Huang Y, Bao G, Liu Y. Effects of Clostridium butyricum and a Bacteriophage Cocktail on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Responses, and the Intestinal Microbiota in Rabbits. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111347. [PMID: 34827285 PMCID: PMC8614885 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum (CB) and a bacteriophage cocktail (BP) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal digestive and oxidase enzymes, intestinal morphology, immune responses, and the cecum microbiota in rabbits. In total, 108 New Zealand rabbits (5 weeks old) were randomly and equally allotted into three dietary treatment groups (four replicates per treatment, n = 36/treatment): (1) the control (CN) group—rabbits fed the basal diet; (2) CB group—rabbits fed the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg diet Clostridium butyricum; and (3) BP group—rabbits fed the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg diet BP cocktail, respectively, for 6 weeks. Compared with the CN diet, dietary CB and BP inclusion increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) and decreased the feed/gain (F/G) ratio of rabbits. Furthermore, CB increased the digestive enzyme activity (α-amylase and trypsin in the ileum); the chymotrypsin activity was also significantly increased in the duodenum and jejunum. Supplementation with CB significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity (SOD and GSH-Px) in the jejunum and ileum and reduced MDA levels. Additionally, rabbits fed CB had significantly elevated villus height (V) and (V/C) ratios but reduced crypt depth (C). Moreover, dietary CB supplementation markedly increased the ileal expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1) and increased secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) production. High-throughput sequencing indicated that the microbiota in the rabbit intestine was altered by CB and BP. Venn diagrams and heatmap plots revealed that the gut microbial community composition varied obviously among rabbits fed different diets. Specifically, CB increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria to maintain intestinal barrier homeostasis, whereas BP decreased the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, which included a plenty of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (X.C.); (Z.W.); (C.X.); (Q.J.); (Q.W.); (Y.H.)
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xuemei Cui
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (X.C.); (Z.W.); (C.X.); (Q.J.); (Q.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (X.C.); (Z.W.); (C.X.); (Q.J.); (Q.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Chenwen Xiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (X.C.); (Z.W.); (C.X.); (Q.J.); (Q.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Quanan Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (X.C.); (Z.W.); (C.X.); (Q.J.); (Q.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Qiang Wei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (X.C.); (Z.W.); (C.X.); (Q.J.); (Q.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yee Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (X.C.); (Z.W.); (C.X.); (Q.J.); (Q.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Guolian Bao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (X.C.); (Z.W.); (C.X.); (Q.J.); (Q.W.); (Y.H.)
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-132-2102-4258 (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (X.C.); (Z.W.); (C.X.); (Q.J.); (Q.W.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-132-2102-4258 (Y.L.)
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15
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Xu X, Yang S, Olajide JS, Qu Z, Gong Z, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Xiong L, Zhang K, Zhou E, Cai J. Clostridium butyricum Supplement Can Ameliorate the Intestinal Barrier Roles in Broiler Chickens Experimentally Infected With Clostridium perfringens. Front Physiol 2021; 12:737481. [PMID: 34630156 PMCID: PMC8499529 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.737481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens, is an economically important disease in the broiler. Among normal flora in the broiler intestinal region, Clostridium butyricum has been identified as a probiotic agent that reduces the susceptibility of broilers to C. perfringens. However, the effects of C. butyricum supplement on broiler intestinal integrity during NE are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of C. butyricum on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and barrier function, and the functions of immune-related cytokines under NE in broilers. Chickens were divided into five groups: control group (NC), supplement C. butyricum only group (CB), NE-infected group (PC), supplement C. butyricum from Day 14 (NECB1) to Day 22 NE-infected group, and supplement C. butyricum from Day 1 (NECB2) to Day 22 NE-infected group. The results showed that there were significantly decreased average daily weight gain and increased feed conversion rate in the infected group (PC) compared with the C. butyricum-supplemented groups (NECB1 and NECB2) through the diet. Histopathological observation on the Hematoxylin–Eosin staining avian small intestine sections revealed that supplementation of C. butyricum (NECB1 and NECB2) could increase the intestinal villus height/crypt depth and lessen the intestinal damage under NE. ELISA and Limulus test showed that broilers infected with NE (PC) had higher serum IgA and lipopolysaccharide content; however, after C. butyricum supplementation (NECB1 and NECB2), they returned to a normal level. Furthermore, real-time PCR and Western blot results indicated that compared with PC, supplementing C. butyricum (NECB1 and NECB2) could initialize the expressions of genes related to the intestinal barrier-associated molecules (such as CLDN-1, CLDN-3, OCLN, MUC2, ZO-1, and CLDN5), cytokines (such as IL-10, IL-6, and TGFB1), and C. perfringens plc gene expression. Moreover, the results detected by the Ussing chamber suggested that C. butyricum (NECB1 and NECB2) could amend the decrease in conductivity value and short-circuit current value caused by NE. In addition, NECB2 significantly reduced the upregulation of fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran flux caused by the NE disease. In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary supplementation of C. butyricum in broilers with NE improved chicken growth performance, intestinal integrity and barrier function, and immunological status. Notably, no statistical difference was observed with the addition of C. butyricum on day 1 or day 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Joshua Seun Olajide
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zigang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Enmin Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianping Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Andersson DI, Bampidis V, Bengtsson‐Palme J, Bouchard D, Ferran A, Kouba M, López Puente S, López‐Alonso M, Nielsen SS, Pechová A, Petkova M, Girault S, Broglia A, Guerra B, Innocenti ML, Liébana E, López‐Gálvez G, Manini P, Stella P, Peixe L. Maximum levels of cross-contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non-target feed.
Part 9: Polymyxins: colistin. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06861. [PMID: 34729089 PMCID: PMC8546797 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific concentrations of colistin in non-target feed for food-producing animals, below which there would not be an effect on the emergence of, and/or selection for, resistance in bacteria relevant for human and animal health, as well as the specific antimicrobial concentrations in feed which have an effect in terms of growth promotion/increased yield were assessed by EFSA in collaboration with EMA. Details of the methodology used for this assessment, associated data gaps and uncertainties, are presented in a separate document. To address antimicrobial resistance, the Feed Antimicrobial Resistance Selection Concentration (FARSC) model developed specifically for the assessment was applied. However, due to the lack of data on the parameters required to calculate the FARSC, it was not possible to conclude the assessment until further experimental data become available. To address growth promotion, data from scientific publications obtained from an extensive literature review were used. Levels of colistin in feed that showed to have an effect on growth promotion/increased yield were reported. It was recommended to carry out studies to generate the data that are required to fill the gaps which prevented the calculation of the FARSC for these antimicrobials.
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Li H, Liu X, Shang Z, Qiao J. Clostridium butyricum Helps to Alleviate Inflammation in Weaned Piglets Challenged With Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:683863. [PMID: 34277756 PMCID: PMC8282889 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.683863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Whether the probiotic Clostridium butyricum (CB) alleviates enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88-induced inflammation by regulating the activation of the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway is not clear, thus, we carried out this study. A total of 72 piglets (average body weight 7.09 ± 0.2 kg) were randomly divided into three groups of 24 piglets per group. Pigs were either fed a daily diet (NC, negative control), a diet tested every day by 1 × 109 CFU/mL ETEC K88 (PC, positive control), or a basal diet supplemented with 5 × 105 CFU/g CB and challenged with ETEC K88 (PC + CB group). Results: Our results showed that CB pretreatment attenuated the effect of ETEC K88 by decreasing C-reactive protein (CRP), which resulted in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. Histological examination revealed that CB pretreatment alleviated intestinal villi injury caused by ETEC K88 challenge. Furthermore, CB pretreatment promoted mRNA expression of the negative regulators of TLR signaling, including myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88), toll-interacting protein (Tollip), and B cell CLL/lymphoma 3 (Bcl-3), in the intestines of ETEC K88-challenged piglets. ETEC K88-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor alpha (IκBα) was attenuated by CB pretreatment. Conclusion: These findings indicate that CB helps to maintain and strengthen the shape of intestinal villi and limits detrimental inflammatory responses, partly by inhibiting toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) expression and inhibiting NF-κB p65, and promoting IκBα activation and synergism among its negative regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayun Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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18
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Jahanian E, Mahdavi A, Jahanian R. Silymarin improved the growth performance via modulating the microbiota and mucosal immunity in Escherichia coli-challenged broiler chicks. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Effects of Clostridium butyricum- and Bacillus spp.-Based Potential Probiotics on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Responses, and Caecal Microbiota in Broilers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060624. [PMID: 34073759 PMCID: PMC8225201 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum-, Bacillus subtilis-, and Bacillus licheniformis-based potential probiotics on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune responses, and caecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial structure in broiler chickens. Three treatment groups containing a total of 1200 one-day-old AA broilers were included: birds fed with a basal diet only (Con), birds fed with added 1010 probiotics cfu/kg (ProL), and birds fed with added 1011 probiotics cfu/kg (ProH). The dietary probiotics significantly improved the final and average body weights and serum immunoglobulins A, M, and Y. The probiotics also enhanced the ileal morphology and improved the caecal acetate, butyrate, and propionate contents. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that dietary compound probiotics modulated the caecal microflora composition as follows: (1) all birds shared 2794 observed taxonomic units; (2) treatment groups were well separated in the PCA and PCoA analysis; (3) the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Barnesiella, Odoribacter, [Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group], [Ruminococcus]_torques_group, and Butyricimonas significantly varied between treatments. The compound probiotics improved the growth performance, serum immune responses, the ratio of ileal villus height to crypt depth, and major caecal SCFAs in broiler chickens. The dietary C. butyricum-, B. subtilis-, and B. licheniformis-based probiotics improved overall broiler health and would benefit the poultry industry.
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Castañeda CD, Gamble JN, Wamsley KGS, McDaniel CD, Kiess AS. In ovo administration of Bacillus subtilis serotypes effect hatchability, 21-day performance, and intestinal microflora. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101125. [PMID: 33940280 PMCID: PMC8105668 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has tried to maximize broiler chick health and performance by utilizing commercial in-feed probiotics to inoculate fertile hatching eggs, and thus expose birds earlier to beneficial bacteria. However, the in ovo inoculation of a specific serotype of Bacillus subtilis was detrimental for broiler hatchability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if other B. subtilis serotypes negatively affect hatchability or if it is associated with a specific serotype. It was also of interest to determine if the B. subtilis serotype influence chick performance and intestinal microflora. On d18 of incubation, 1886 fertile broiler eggs were in ovo inoculated with the following treatments (T): T1 = Marek's vaccine (MV), T2 = MV + B. subtilis (ATCC 6051), T3 = MV + B. subtilis (ATCC 8473), and T4 = MV + B. subtilis (ATCC 9466). It should be noted that in a previous study, T2 was detrimental to hatchability. Inoculated eggs were transferred to 3 hatchers/T. At hatch, chicks were weighed, feather sexed, and hatch residue analysis was conducted. Male chicks were randomly assigned to 40 raised wire cage so that there were 10 birds/cage. On d 0, 7, 14, and 21 of the grow-out, chicks and feed were weighed to calculate performance data. On these days, the ileum and ceca were aseptically collected to enumerate total aerobes and coliforms. No differences were observed for percentage of mid dead embryos, cracked eggs, and cull chicks (P > 0.05). However, hatch of transfer was significantly reduced by T2 compared to T1, T3, and T4 (P < 0.001). T2 had significantly higher percentages of late dead embryos and pips when compared to the other treatments (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). Chicks hatched from T2 were not vigorous and, thus, not used for the grow-out trial. No differences were observed for growth performance characteristics for any of the treatments (P > 0.05). For bacterial enumeration, the ileum had equal or fewer bacterial counts for T3 and T4 when compared to T1 on most sampling days, except on d21 where T4 had higher aerobic and coliform counts (P ≤ 0.0001). For the ceca, T3 and T4 had equal or fewer bacterial counts than T1 on every sampling day (P ≤ 0.0001). These data demonstrate that not all B. subtilis evaluated are detrimental to hatchability, but rather, serotype dependent. In addition, different B. subtilis serotypes can modify the intestinal microflora with potential to reduce pathogenic bacteria present in young broiler, without impacting overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D Castañeda
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Josie N Gamble
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Kelley G S Wamsley
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Christopher D McDaniel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Aaron S Kiess
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762.
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Leite P, Oliveira H, Souza V, Rocha F, Oliveira T. Probiotic and synbiotic in broiler diet: performance and Enterobacteriaceae. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotics and synbiotics on the performance and Enterobacteriaceae count of broiler chickens. A total of 640 one-day-old male broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight replicates with 20 birds each. The treatments were: ration with performance enhancer (zinc bacitracin; positive control); ration without performance enhancer and probiotic/synbiotic (negative control); ration with probiotics; and ration with synbiotics. At 35 days, five birds from each treatment were euthanized and intestinal contents were harvested for determining the Enterobacteriaceae count. The performance data and average colony-forming units (CFUs) transformed as log CFU/g were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. The effects of probiotics and synbiotics were observed in the initial phase, with supplemented birds exhibiting comparable weight gain to those supplemented with bacitracin. No effect of the treatment on broiler performance was observed after 42 days. The enterobacterial count was comparable among all experimental treatments. Supplementation with probiotics and synbiotics did not compromise the performance of broilers and did not alter the Enterobacteriaceae count.
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Li C, Chen X, Zhang B, Liu L, Li F. Sodium butyrate improved intestinal barrier in rabbits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1847209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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Effect of Clostridium butyricum on Plasma Immune Function, Antioxidant Activity and Metabolomics of Weaned Piglets. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Wang WW, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Qi GH. Supplemental Clostridium butyricum Modulates Lipid Metabolism Through Shaping Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Profile of Aged Laying Hens. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:600. [PMID: 32351471 PMCID: PMC7176355 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic Clostridium butyricum could affect lipid metabolism in broilers. However, it is not clear whether C. butyricum could improve lipid metabolism through shaping gut microbiota and bile acid (BA) profile of laying hens. We aimed to evaluate the contributions of gut microbiota and BA profile to the potential effect of C. butyricum on lipid metabolism of aged laying hens. A total of 192 60-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were divided into two groups (eight replicates per group). Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 or 2.7 g/kg C. butyricum (1.0 × 109 CFU/g). Samples were collected at the end of week 8 of the experiment. The results showed elevated (P < 0.05) concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1, insulin and thyroid hormones in serum responded to C. butyricum addition, which also decreased (P < 0.05) hepatic free fatty acids contents, as well as increased (P < 0.05) the expression of hepatic acyl-CoA oxidase, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and PPARα. C. butyricum addition increased (P < 0.05) Bacteroidetes abundance but tended to decrease (P < 0.10) Firmicutes abundance in the ileum. Besides, C. butyricum addition resulted in higher (P < 0.05) abundances of Clostridia (Clostridiales) and Prevotellaceae, concurrent with an increasing trend (P < 0.10) of Bifidobacteriaceae abundance and decreased the abundances of several harmful bacteria such as Klebsiella (P < 0.05). Regarding ileal BA profile, there was a reduced (P < 0.05) content of tauro-α-muricholic acid, increased (P < 0.05) contents of tauroursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, along with increasing trends (P < 0.10) of glycochenodeoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid contents due to C. butyricum addition, which also increased (P < 0.05) ileal FXR expression. Collectively, supplemental C. butyricum accelerated hepatic fatty acid oxidation, and shaped gut microbiota and BA profile, thus reducing fat deposition in the liver of aged laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ekim B, Calik A, Ceylan A, Saçaklı P. Effects of Paenibacillus xylanexedens on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, intestinal microflora, and immune response in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Poult Sci 2020; 99:214-223. [PMID: 32416805 PMCID: PMC7587685 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary Paenibacillus xylanexedens ysm1 supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune response, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88. A total of 320 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatments (8 floor pens, 10 birds/pen) including 1) negative control (NC) birds fed a basal diet and not challenged with E. coli K88; 2) positive control (PC) birds fed a basal diet and challenged with of E. coli K88; 3) P. xylanexedens ysm1 treatment (PRO) birds fed a basal diet supplemented with 1 × 109P. xylanexedens ysm1 cfu/kg feed and challenged with E. coli K88; and 4) antibiotic treatment (ANT) birds fed a basal diet supplemented with 20 mg of colistin sulphate/kg of feed and challenged with E. coli K88. The E. coli challenge decreased (P < 0.05) BWG in PC birds compared with the ANT birds on days 21 and 28. The FCR was higher (P < 0.01) in PC birds compared with the NC, PRO, and ANT birds on days 14, 21, and 28. Compared with the NC, PRO, and ANT birds on day 28, PC birds had shorter villi and higher number of goblet cells in both jejunum and ileum (P < 0.001). Irrespective of the dietary treatments, the E. coli challenge reduced the number of PCNA-positive cells in both the jejunum and ileum on day 28. Paenibacillus xylanexedens ysm1 treatment resulted in higher concentration of mucosal sIgA in the jejunum as compared to the other treatment groups on days 14 and 28. The numbers of cecal E. coli were reduced (P = 0.017) in broilers treated with P. xylanexedens ysm1 or antibiotic in comparison with the PC group on day 28. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of this new probiotic bacteria P. xylanexedens ysm1 improved broiler performance by modulating intestinal morphology, enhancing immune response, and reducing the number of E. coli in the cecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Ekim
- Life Sciences Research and Application Centre, Gazi University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Calik
- Department of Animal Nutrition & Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ceylan
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Saçaklı
- Department of Animal Nutrition & Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey.
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26
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Liu X, Zhao W, Yu D, Cheng JG, Luo Y, Wang Y, Yang ZX, Yao XP, Wu SS, Wang WY, Yang W, Li DQ, Wu YM. Effects of compound probiotics on the weight, immunity performance and fecal microbiota of forest musk deer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19146. [PMID: 31844127 PMCID: PMC6915770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are intended to provide health benefits when consumed, generally by improving or restoring the gut flora. The health problems of forest musk deer (FMD, Moschus berezovskii), a threatened species currently under conservation, restrict the development of captive musk deer. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effects of forest musk deer compound probiotics (FMDPs) on weight, immunity performance and fecal microbiota in FMD by measuring average daily weight gain (ADG) and immune-related factors and by using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate differences in the fecal microbiota among the control group (4 samples), treatment group A (4 samples) and treatment group B (4 samples). The results showed that the ADG of treatment groups A and B was significantly higher than that of the control group (p = 0.032, p = 0.018). The increase in IgA and IgG levels in treatment group B was significantly higher than that in the control group (p = 0.02, p = 0.011). At the phylum and genus levels, the difference in bacterial community structure was significant between treatment group B and the control group. Both the alpha diversity and beta diversity results showed significant differences in the microbiota of FMD before and after FMDP feeding. In summary, the results indicated that FMDPs could promote the growth of growing FMD, improve immunity and balance the role of intestinal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Cheng
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Ze-Xiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue-Ping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Shao-Shuai Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Wu-You Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan-Qin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
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Xiang Q, Wang C, Zhang H, Lai W, Wei H, Peng J. Effects of Different Probiotics on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Oxidative Status, and Gut Health in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121110. [PMID: 31835513 PMCID: PMC6940752 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
With recent bans on the growth-promoting use of antibiotics, alternative strategies are needed to improve the performance of agricultural animals. Here, the effects of dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum and a combination of Saccharomyces boulardii and Pediococcus acidilactici were assessed on laying performance, egg quality, oxidative status, and gut health in laying hens. A total of 8208 Lohmann pink laying hens were divided into 3 treatment groups, with each group replicated 12 times (n = 228). Hens in the control group (CON) were provided a basic diet devoid of added antibiotics and probiotics. Treatment group 1 (T1) received the same base diet supplemented with 0.5 g/kg C. butyricum, and the diets of treatment group 2 (T2) supplemented with S. boulardii (0.05 g/kg) and P. acidilactici (0.1 g/kg) for the entirety of the 5-week trial. The data indicated that C. butyricum supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in ADFI, a significant increase in feed conversion, eggshell strength, and the CP% of albumen (dry matter, DM) relative to CON. The probiotic-treated hens exhibited decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in ileum and cecum, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with C. butyricum may be beneficial with respect to hen performance, egg quality, and gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhang Xiang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (C.W.); (W.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (C.W.); (W.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (C.W.); (W.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Wen Lai
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (C.W.); (W.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (C.W.); (W.L.); (H.W.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (C.W.); (W.L.); (H.W.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Correspondence:
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The effect of dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum on the growth performance, immunity, intestinal microbiota and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223428. [PMID: 31815958 PMCID: PMC6901227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum on the growth, immunity, intestinal microbiota and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three hundreds of tilapia (56.21 ± 0.81 g) were divided into 5 groups and fed a diet supplemented with C. butyricum at 0, 1 x 104, 1 x 105, 1 x 106 or 1 x 107 CFU g-1 diet (denoted as CG, CB1, CB2, CB3 and CB4, respectively) for 56 days. Then 45 fish from each group were intraperitoneally injected with Streptococcus agalactiae, and the mortality was recorded for 14 days. The results showed that dietary C. butyricum significantly improved the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed intake in the CB2 group and decreased the cumulative mortality post-challenge with S. agalactiae in the CB2, CB3 and CB4 groups. The serum total antioxidant capacity and intestinal interleukin receptor-associated kinase-4 gene expression were significantly increased, and serum malondialdehyde content and diamine oxidase activity were significantly decreased in the CB1, CB2, CB3 and CB4 groups. Serum complement 3 and complement 4 concentrations and intestinal gene expression of tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 8, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 were significantly higher in the CB2, CB3 and CB4 groups. Intestinal toll-like receptor 2 gene expression was significantly upregulated in the CB3 and CB4 groups. Dietary C. butyricum increased the diversity of the intestinal microbiota and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (such as Bacillus), and decreased the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (such as Aeromonas) in the CB2 group. These results revealed that dietary C. butyricum at a suitable dose enhanced growth performance, elevated humoral and intestinal immunity, regulated the intestinal microbial components, and improved disease resistance in tilapia. The optimal dose was 1 x 105 CFU g-1 diet.
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Wang K, Chen G, Cao G, Xu Y, Wang Y, Yang C. Effects of Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance, intestinal structure, and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-challenged weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:4140-4151. [PMID: 31310662 PMCID: PMC6776315 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance, immune function, inflammation-related pathways, and microflora community in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One hundred and eighty 28-d-old weaned piglets were randomly divided into 3 treatments groups: piglets fed with a basal diet (Con), piglets fed with a basal diet containing 6 × 109 CFU C. butyricum·kg-1 (CB), and piglets fed with a basal diet containing 2 × 1010 CFU E. faecali·kg-1 (EF). At the end of trial, 1 pig was randomly selected from for each pen (6 pigs per treatment group) and these 18 piglets were orally challenged with LPS 25 μg·kg-1 body weight. The result showed that piglets fed C. butyricum and E. faecalis had greater final BW compared with the control piglets (P < 0.05). The C. butyricum and E. faecalis fed piglets had lower levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), IL-1β, tumor inflammatory factor-α (TNF-α), and had greater level of serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) than control piglets at 1.5 and 3 h after injection with LPS (P < 0.05). Furthermore, piglets in the C. butyricum or E. faecalis treatment groups had a greater ratio of jejunal villus height to crypt depth (V/C) compared with control piglets after challenge with LPS for 3 h (P < 0.05). Compared with the control treatment, the CB and EF treatments significantly decreased the expression of inflammation-related pathway factors (TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB) after challenge with LPS for 3 h (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing revealed that C. butyricum and E. faecalis modulated bacterial diversity in the colon. The species richness and alpha diversity (Shannon) of bacterial samples in CB or EF piglets challenged with LPS were higher than those in LPS-challenged control piglets. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Bacteroidales-Rikenellanceae in the CB group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas EF piglets had a higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus gasseri (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with C. butyricum or E. faecalis promoted growth performance, improved immunity, relieved intestinal villus damage and inflammation, and optimized the intestinal flora in LPS-challenged weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
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Foysal MJ, Nguyen TTT, Chaklader MR, Siddik MAB, Tay CY, Fotedar R, Gupta SK. Marked variations in gut microbiota and some innate immune responses of fresh water crayfish, marron ( Cherax cainii, Austin 2002) fed dietary supplementation of Clostridium butyricum. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7553. [PMID: 31523510 PMCID: PMC6716501 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum as a dietary probiotic supplement in fishmeal based diet on growth, gut microbiota and immune performance of marron (Cherax cainii). Marron were randomly distributed into two different treatment groups, control and probiotic fed group. After 42 days of feeding trial, the results revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in growth due to increase in number of moults in marron fed probiotics. The probiotic diet also significantly enhanced the total haemocyte counts (THC), lysozyme activity in the haemolymph and protein content of the tail muscle in marron. Compared to control, the 16S rRNA sequences data demonstrated an enrichment of bacterial diversity in the probiotic fed marron where significant increase of Clostridium abundance was observed. The abundance for crayfish pathogen Vibrio and Aeromonas were found to be significantly reduced post feeding with probiotic diet. Predicted metabolic pathway revealed an increased activity for the metabolism and absorption of carbohydrate, degradation of amino acid, fatty acid and toxic compounds, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. C. butyricum supplementation also significantly modulated the expression level of immune-responsive genes of marron post challenged with Vibrio mimicus. The overall results suggest that C. butyricum could be used as dietary probiotic supplement in marron aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Javed Foysal
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Thi Thu Thuy Nguyen
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Md Reaz Chaklader
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Muhammad A B Siddik
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Chin-Yen Tay
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ravi Fotedar
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sanjay Kumar Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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SU LIWEN, CHENG YEONGHSIANG, HSIAO FELIXSHIHHSIANG, HAN JINCHENG, YU YUHSIANG. Optimization of Mixed Solid-state Fermentation of Soybean Meal by Lactobacillus Species and Clostridium butyricum. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 67:297-305. [PMID: 30451446 PMCID: PMC7255691 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean meal is the main vegetable protein source in animal feed. Soybean meal contains several anti-nutritional factors, which directly affect digestion and absorption of soy protein, thereby reducing growth performance and value in animals. Fermented soybean meal is rich in probiotics and functional metabolites, which facilitates soybean protein digestion, absorption and utilization in piglets. However, the mixed solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions of soybean meal remain to be optimized. In this study, we investigated the optimal parameters for SSF of soybean meal by Lactobacillus species and Clostridium butyricum . The results showed that two days of fermentation was sufficient to increase the viable count of bacteria, lactic acid levels and degradation of soybean protein in fermented soybean meal at the initial moisture content of 50%. The pH value, lowering sugar content and oligosaccharides in fermented soybean meal, was significantly reduced at the initial moisture content of 50% after two days of fermentation. Furthermore, the exogenous proteases used in combination with probiotics supplementation were further able to enhance the viable count of bacteria, degradation of soybean protein and lactic acid level in the fermented soybean meal. In addition, the pH value and sugar content in fermented soybean meal were considerably reduced in the presence of both proteases and probiotics. Furthermore, the fermented soybean meal also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . These results together suggest that supplementation of both proteases and probiotics in SSF improves the nutritional value of fermented soybean meal and this is suitable as a protein source in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- LI-WEN SU
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
- Henan Zheng Ben Qing Yuan Technology Development CO.LED., Shangqiu, Henan Province, China
| | - YEONG-HSIANG CHENG
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | | | - JIN-CHENG HAN
- College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - YU-HSIANG YU
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
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Effects of Clostridium butyricum or in combination with Bacillus licheniformis on the growth performance, blood indexes, and intestinal barrier function of weanling piglets. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Pereira R, Bortoluzzi C, Durrer A, Fagundes NS, Pedroso AA, Rafael JM, Perim JEDL, Zavarize KC, Napty GS, Andreote FD, Costa DP, Menten JFM. Performance and intestinal microbiota of chickens receiving probiotic in the feed and submitted to antibiotic therapy. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:72-86. [PMID: 30485573 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the ability of a probiotic in the feed to maintain the stability of the gut microbiota in chickens after antibiotic therapy and its association with growth performance. One thousand six hundred twenty 1-day-old Cobb male were housed in floor pens (36 pens, 45 birds/pen) and were fed corn-/soya bean meal-based diets supplemented with or without probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) during the entire rearing phase. From 21 to 24 days of age (three consecutive days), the chickens were submitted to antibiotic therapy via drinking water (bacitracin and neomycin) in order to mimic a field treatment and induce dysbiosis. Growth performance was monitored until 42 days of age. At 2, 4 and 6 days after antibiotic therapy, three chickens from each pen were euthanized and the contents of the small intestine and caeca were collected and pooled. The trial was conducted with four treatments and nine replicates in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for performance characteristics (with and without probiotic × with and without antibiotic therapy); for the intestinal microbiota, it was in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (with and without probiotic × with and without antibiotic therapy × 2, 4 and 6 days after the antibiotic therapy) with three replicates per treatment. Terminal restriction length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis showed that the structure of gut bacterial community was shaped by the intestinal segment and by the time after the antibiotic therapy. The number of 16S rDNAs copies in caecum contents decreased with time after the therapeutic treatment. The antibiotic therapy and dietary probiotic supplementation decreased richness and diversity indexes in the caecal contents. The improved performance observed in birds supplemented with probiotic may be related to changes promoted by the feed additive in the structure of the intestinal bacterial communities and phylogenetic groups. Antibiotic therapy modified the bacterial structure, but did not cause loss of broiler performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Bortoluzzi
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ademir Durrer
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Naiara Simarro Fagundes
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Moreira Rafael
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Júlia Elidia de Lima Perim
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Kelen Cristiane Zavarize
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Samira Napty
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dini Andreote
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Diogo Paes Costa
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - José Fernando Machado Menten
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Liu Z, Wang X, Ou S, Arowolo MA, Hou DX, He J. Effects of Achyranthes bidentata Polysaccharides on Intestinal Morphology, Immune Response, and Gut Microbiome in Yellow Broiler Chickens Challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1233. [PMID: 30961158 PMCID: PMC6401798 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABPS) supplementation on performance, immune response, intestinal mucosal morphology, and gut microbiome in yellow-feathered broilers challenged with Escherichia coli K88. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used for the trial. Two hundred and forty one-day-old female broilers were randomly assigned to four treatments: (1) negative-control broilers were fed by a basal diet and saline (NG); (2) positive-control broilers were fed by a basal diet and orally challenged with 10⁸ CFU E. coli K88 (CNG); (3) ABP group broilers were fed by a basal diet containing ABPS (500 mg/kg of feed) and saline; (4) CABP group broilers were fed by a basal diet containing ABPS (500 mg/kg of feed) and orally challenged with 10⁸ CFU E. coli K88. Growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, immune responses, intestinal mucosal morphology, and cecal microbial community structure were evaluated. The ABP group had greatest body weight (BW), average daily body weight gain (ADG), and intestinal villus height compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). The CABP group had a higher villus height/crypt depth ratio (V/C) compared with other treatments (p < 0.05). The expression levels of NF-κB were lower in the ABP group. The CNG group had higher Escherichia coli and Enterococcus contents in cecal samples compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). Serum glucose, uric acid, TNF-α, and Secretory Immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) levels were higher in broilers challenged with E. coli (p < 0.001) than that with saline. Broilers challenged with E. coli had reduced taxa richness in the cecal samples. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in cecal samples revealed that a lower proportion of Firmicutes and a higher proportion of Proteobacteria were detected in the broilers challenged with E. coli. Compared with the controls, dietary ABPS supplementation increased serum total protein, albumin, and S-IgA levels, but decreased serum glucose, uric acid, and TNF-α levels in broilers (p < 0.05). Diet supplemented with ABPS increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, and altered cecal microbiota community structure. These results suggest that ABPS can promote growth performance and improve intestinal morphology and microbiota community structure in broilers challenged with E. coli K88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Shuqi Ou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Muhammed Adebayo Arowolo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
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Liu L, Zeng D, Yang M, Wen B, Lai J, Zhou Y, Sun H, Xiong L, Wang J, Lin Y, Pan K, Jing B, Wang P, Ni X. Probiotic Clostridium butyricum Improves the Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Gut Microbiota of Weaning Rex Rabbits. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 11:1278-1292. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chen Y, Wen C, Zhou Y. Dietary synbiotic incorporation as an alternative to antibiotic improves growth performance, intestinal morphology, immunity and antioxidant capacity of broilers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:3343-3350. [PMID: 29250793 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary synbiotic supplementation as an alternative to antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immunity and oxidative status of broilers. One-day-old male chicks were allocated to three treatments and given a basal diet free from antibiotic (Control group) and a basal diet supplemented with either chlortetracycline or synbiotic for 42 days, respectively. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the supplementation of synbiotic increased the average daily gain and gain:feed ratio of broilers from 22 to 42 days and 1 to 42 days of age, as well as the relative weight of the thymus and the secretory immunoglobulin A level in the jejunum and ileum at 42 days of age, with the values of these parameters being similar to the antibiotic group. Dietary synbiotic inclusion promoted the ratio of ileal villus height to crypt depth of broilers at 21 days of age. The supplementation of synbiotic also reduced the ileal malondialdehyde accumulation of broilers at 42 days of age to a level comparable with that of the antibiotic group. CONCLUSION Dietary synbiotic supplementation as an alternative to antibiotic could exert beneficial consequences on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immunity and the antioxidant capacity of broilers. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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Hassan H, Samy A, Youssef AW, Mohamed M. Using Different Feed Additives as Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoter to Improve Growth Performance and Carcass Traits of Broilers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2018.255.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Han J, Wang Y, Song D, Lu Z, Dong Z, Miao H, Wang W, He J, Li A. Effects of Clostridium butyricum and Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance, immune function and volatile fatty acid level of caecal digesta in broilers. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1457013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Han
- School of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Song
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixian Lu
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenglin Dong
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijiang Miao
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua He
- School of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Effects of Dietary Synbiotic Supplementation as an Alternative to Antibiotic on the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, Immunity, and Oxidative Status of Cherry Valley Ducks. J Poult Sci 2018; 55:182-189. [PMID: 32055172 PMCID: PMC6756497 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0170128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of synbiotic supplementation, a potential alternative to antibiotic, on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, immunity, and oxidative status of Cherry Valley ducks. In total, 540 1-day-old male Cherry Valley ducks were randomly subjected to 3 treatments, and each treatment consisted of 6 replicates with 30 birds each. Birds in the 3 treatments were fed a basal diet devoid of antibiotics (control group) or a basal diet supplemented with either 40 mg/kg zinc bacitracin or 1.5 g/kg synbiotic composed of xylooligosaccharide, Clostridium butyricum, and Bacillus subtilis for 42 days. Compared with the control group, dietary synbiotic and antibiotic supplementation decreased the feed/gain ratio of ducks (P=0.025) to a similar extent (P>0.05). Birds in the antibiotic group exhibited a lower average daily feed intake (P=0.024) whereas such an effect was not observed in the birds of the synbiotic group (P>0.05). Synbiotic and antibiotic supplementation reduced abdominal fat yield (P=0.032) and drip loss of the breast muscle (P<0.001) to similar extents (P>0.05). Additionally, synbiotic and antibiotic supplementation increased the relative weight of the bursa (P=0.005) and total superoxide dismutase activity in the ileal mucosa (P=0.025) to similar extents (P>0.05). Moreover, ileal malondialdehyde accumulation was reduced with the supplementation of synbiotic (P=0.028), but not antibiotic. The results indicated that dietary synbiotic supplementation was beneficial for growth performance, carcass compositions, meat quality, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of Cherry Valley ducks, and it could be used as an alternative to antibiotics in Cherry Valley ducks.
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Zou X, Xiao R, Li H, Liu T, Liao Y, Wang Y, Wu S, Li Z. Effect of a novel strain of Lactobacillus brevis M8 and tea polyphenol diets on performance, meat quality and intestinal microbiota in broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1365260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuo Zou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- College of Agricultural and Biological Technology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Huali Li
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Changsha, China
| | - Shusong Wu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Zongjun Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Changsha, China
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Liu Y, Yin R, Liang S, Duan Y, Yao J, Duan Y, Yang X. Effect of dietary Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on growth performance and immune function of broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfw063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Balamuralikrishnan B, Lee SI, Kim IH. Dietary inclusion of different multi-strain complex probiotics; effects on performance in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:83-86. [PMID: 27918205 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1257112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of two different complex probiotic supplementations on the growth performance, meat quality, excreta microflora, nutrient retention, blood metabolic profile and noxious gas emissions in broilers. A total of 612 conventional healthy 1-d-old Ross 308 broilers with body weight of 41 ± 0.3 g were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 12 replicate cages, with 17 broilers in each cage and fed with the following diets: CON-Basal diet, T1-CON + Probiotic A, T2-CON + Probiotic B. Significant results were observed on body weight gain, but not on feed conversation ratio and feed intake, in the whole experimental period. Increased faecal lactobacillus counts were found with probiotics supplementation. However, no significant effects were found for meat quality, nutrient retention, blood metabolic profile or noxious gas emissions. In conclusion, both multi-strain probiotics had beneficial effects on growth performance, drip loss percentage and faecal Lactobacillus counts in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Balamuralikrishnan
- a Department of Animal Resource and Science , Dankook University , Cheonan , Choongnam , South Korea
| | - S I Lee
- a Department of Animal Resource and Science , Dankook University , Cheonan , Choongnam , South Korea
| | - I H Kim
- a Department of Animal Resource and Science , Dankook University , Cheonan , Choongnam , South Korea
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Lee KW, Lillehoj HS. An update on direct-fed microbials in broiler chickens in post-antibiotic era. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In a post-antibiotic era, applying dietary alternatives to antibiotics into diets of chickens has become a common practice to improve the productivity and health status of chickens. It is generally accepted that direct-fed microbials (DFMs), defined as a source of viable, naturally occurring microorganisms, as an alternative to antibiotics, have a long history for their safe use and health benefit and are generally regarded for therapeutic, prophylactic and growth-promotion uses in poultry industry. It has been suggested that two primary modes of action by DFMs are balancing gut microbiota and modulating host immunity. Recent findings have suggested that gut microbiota plays an important role in developing immune system and maintaining the homeostasis of mature immune system in mammals and chickens. With the help of molecular and bioinformatics tools, it is now scientifically proven that gut microbiota is diverse, dynamic, and varies according to age, breed, diet composition, environment and feed additives. Broiler chickens are commonly raised on the floor with bedding materials, which facilitates the acquisition of microorganisms present in the bedding materials. Thus, it is expected that environmental factors, including the type of litter, influence host immunity in a positive or negative way. In this regard, adding DFMs into diets of chickens will affect host–microbe interaction, shaping host immunity towards increasing resistance of chickens to enteric diseases.
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Lan RX, Lee SI, Kim IH. Effects of multistrain probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, faecal microbial shedding, faecal score and noxious gas emission in weaning pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 100:1130-1138. [PMID: 27870289 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of multistrain probiotics in weaning pigs. A total of 125 28-day-old weaning pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an initial average body weight (BW) of 7.26 ± 0.76 kg were randomly allotted into 5 treatments, 5 replicate pens/treatment with 5 pigs/pen for 42-day experiment. Dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; PC1, CON + 0.01% multistrain probiotics; PC2, CON + 0.03% multistrain probiotics; PC3, CON + 0.06% multistrain probiotics; PC4, CON + 0.1% multistrain probiotics. On day 14, pigs fed the PC4 diet had higher BW gain than pigs fed the CON diet. On day 42, pigs fed multistrain probiotics supplementation diets had higher BW gain than pigs fed the CON diet. From days 1 to 14, pigs fed the PC2, PC3 and PC4 diets had higher (p < 0.05) ADG than pigs fed the CON diet. From day 15 to 42, pigs fed the multistrain probiotics supplementation diets had higher (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and gain: feed ratio (G:F) than pigs fed the CON diet. In the overall period, pigs fed the multistrain probiotics supplementation diets had higher (p < 0.05) ADG and pigs fed the PC2 and PC4 diets had higher (p < 0.05) G:F than pigs fed the CON diet. On day 42, pigs fed the PC4 diet had higher (p < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and gross energy (GE), faecal Lactobacillus counts and lower (p < 0.05) E. coli counts and NH3 emission than pigs fed the CON diet. Pigs fed the multistrain probiotics supplementation diets had lower (p < 0.05) H2 S and total mercaptans emissions than pigs fed the CON diet. Conclusions, dietary supplementation with 0.1% probiotics improved growth performance, nutrition digestibility and intestinal microflora balance and decreased faecal noxious gas emissions in weaning pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R X Lan
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - S I Lee
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
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Chen ZF, Ai LY, Wang JL, Ren LL, Yu YN, Xu J, Chen HY, Yu J, Li M, Qin WX, Ma X, Shen N, Chen YX, Hong J, Fang JY. Probiotics Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis ameliorate intestinal tumorigenesis. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:1433-45. [PMID: 26346930 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To investigate the antitumor effects of probiotics Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Materials & methods: The effects of C. butyricum and B. subtilis on CRC cells were studied. Male C57BL/6 mice with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH)-induced CRC were intervened by these two probiotics and the antitumor effects were examined by comparing the tumor incidence and detecting the inflammatory and immune-related markers. Results & conclusions: C. butyricum and B. subtilis inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells, caused cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis. In vivo, these two probiotics inhibited the development of DMH-induced CRC. The molecular mechanism involved reduced inflammation and improved immune homeostasis. This work establishes a basis for the protective role of probiotics B. subtilis and C. butyricum in intestinal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Fei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Luo-Yan Ai
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ji-Lin Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Lin-Lin Ren
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hao-Yan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease & LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Min Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wen-Xin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Division of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
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Abstract
Prebiotics are non-digestible feed ingredients that are metabolized by specific members of intestinal microbiota and provide health benefits for the host. Fermentable oligosaccharides are best known prebiotics that have received increasing attention in poultry production. They act through diverse mechanisms, such as providing nutrients, preventing pathogen adhesion to host cells, interacting with host immune systems and affecting gut morphological structure, all presumably through modulation of intestinal microbiota. Currently, fructooligosaccharides, inulin and mannanoligosaccharides have shown promising results while other prebiotic candidates such as xylooligosaccharides are still at an early development stage. Despite a growing body of evidence reporting health benefits of prebiotics in chickens, very limited studies have been conducted to directly link health improvements to prebiotic-dependent changes in the gut microbiota. This article visits the current knowledge of the chicken gastrointestinal microbiota and reviews most recent publications related to the roles played by prebiotics in modulation of the gut microbiota and immune functions. Progress in this field will help us better understand how the gut microbiota contributes to poultry health and productivity, and support the development of new prebiotic products as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Pourabedin
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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Waite DW, Taylor MW. Exploring the avian gut microbiota: current trends and future directions. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:673. [PMID: 26191057 PMCID: PMC4490257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Birds represent a diverse and evolutionarily successful lineage, occupying a wide range of niches throughout the world. Like all vertebrates, avians harbor diverse communities of microorganisms within their guts, which collectively fulfill crucial roles in providing the host with nutrition and protection from pathogens. Across the field of avian microbiology knowledge is extremely uneven, with several species accounting for an overwhelming majority of all microbiological investigations. These include agriculturally important birds, such as chickens and turkeys, as well as birds of evolutionary or conservation interest. In our previous study we attempted the first meta-analysis of the avian gut microbiota, using 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from a range of publicly available data sets. We have now extended our analysis to explore the microbiology of several key species in detail, to consider the avian microbiota within the context of what is known about other vertebrates, and to identify key areas of interest in avian microbiology for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael W. Taylor
- Centre for Microbial Innovation, School of Biological Sciences, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
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Liao X, Ma G, Cai J, Fu Y, Yan X, Wei X, Zhang R. Effects ofClostridium butyricum on growth performance, antioxidation, and immune function of broilers. Poult Sci 2015; 94:662-7. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Statement on the update of the list of QPS‐recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 1: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until October 2014. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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