1
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Korpidou M, Becker J, Tarvirdipour S, Dinu IA, Becer CR, Palivan CG. Glycooligomer-Functionalized Catalytic Nanocompartments Co-Loaded with Enzymes Support Parallel Reactions and Promote Cell Internalization. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 38910355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
A major shortcoming associated with the application of enzymes in drug synergism originates from the lack of site-specific, multifunctional nanomedicine. This study introduces catalytic nanocompartments (CNCs) made of a mixture of PDMS-b-PMOXA diblock copolymers, decorated with glycooligomer tethers comprising eight mannose-containing repeating units and coencapsulating two enzymes, providing multifunctionality by their in situ parallel reactions. Beta-glucuronidase (GUS) serves for local reactivation of the drug hymecromone, while glucose oxidase (GOx) induces cell starvation through glucose depletion and generation of the cytotoxic H2O2. The insertion of the pore-forming peptide, melittin, facilitates diffusion of substrates and products through the membranes. Increased cell-specific internalization of the CNCs results in a substantial decrease in HepG2 cell viability after 24 h, attributed to simultaneous production of hymecromone and H2O2. Such parallel enzymatic reactions taking place in nanocompartments pave the way to achieve efficient combinatorial cancer therapy by enabling localized drug production along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Korpidou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Becker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Shabnam Tarvirdipour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Ionel Adrian Dinu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4002, Switzerland
- NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4002, Switzerland
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2
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Illmann MD, Schäfl L, Drees F, Hartmann L, Schmidt S. Glycan-Presenting Coacervates Derived from Charged Poly(active esters): Preparation, Phase Behavior, and Lectin Capture. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37133885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the preparation and phase behavior of glycan-functionalized polyelectrolytes for capturing carbohydrate-binding proteins and bacteria in liquid condensate droplets. The droplets are formed by complex coacervation of poly(active ester)-derived polyanions and polycations. This approach allows for a straightforward modular introduction of charged motifs and specifically interacting units; mannose and galactose oligomers are used here as first examples. The introduction of carbohydrates has a notable effect on the phase separation and the critical salt concentration, potentially by reducing the charge density. Two mannose binding species, concanavalin A (ConA) and Escherichia coli, are shown to not only specifically bind to mannose-functionalized coacervates but also to some degree to unfunctionalized, carbohydrate-free coacervates. This suggests non-carbohydrate-specific charge-charge interactions between the protein/bacteria and the droplets. However, when mannose interactions are inhibited or when non-binding galactose-functionalized polymers are used, interactions are significantly weakened. This confirms specific mannose-mediated binding functionalization and suggests that introducing carbohydrates reduces non-specific charge-charge interactions by a so far unidentified mechanism. Overall, the presented route toward glycan-presenting polyelectrolytes enables new functional liquid condensate droplets with specific biomolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Denise Illmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lea Schäfl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felicitas Drees
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Gerling-Driessen UIM, Hoffmann M, Schmidt S, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Glycopolymers against pathogen infection. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2617-2642. [PMID: 36820794 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites continue to shape our lives in profound ways every day. As we have learned to live in parallel with pathogens, we have gained a better understanding of the rules of engagement for how they bind, adhere, and invade host cells. One such mechanism involves the exploitation of host cell surface glycans for attachment/adhesion, one of the first steps of infection. This knowledge has led to the development of glycan-based diagnostics and therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of infection. One class of compounds that has become increasingly important are the glycopolymers. Glycopolymers are macromolecules composed of a synthetic scaffold presenting carbohydrates as side chain motifs. Glycopolymers are particularly attractive because their properties can be tuned by careful choice of the scaffold, carbohydrate/glycan, and overall presentation. In this review, we highlight studies over the past ten years that have examined the role of glycopolymers in pathogen adhesion and host cell infection, biofilm formation and removal, and drug delivery with the aim of examining the direct effects of these macromolecules on pathogen engagement. In addition, we also examine the role of glycopolymers as diagnostics for the detection and monitoring of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla I M Gerling-Driessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Miriam Hoffmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, USA
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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4
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Martínez-Bailén M, Rojo J, Ramos-Soriano J. Multivalent glycosystems for human lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:536-572. [PMID: 36545903 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00736c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human lectins are involved in a wide variety of biological processes, both physiological and pathological, which have attracted the interest of the scientific community working in the glycoscience field. Multivalent glycosystems have been employed as useful tools to understand carbohydrate-lectin binding processes as well as for biomedical applications. The review shows the different scaffolds designed for a multivalent presentation of sugars and their corresponding binding studies to lectins and in some cases, their biological activities. We summarise this research by organizing based on lectin types to highlight the progression in this active field. The paper provides an overall picture of how these contributions have furnished relevant information on this topic to help in understanding and participate in these carbohydrate-lectin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Martínez-Bailén
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
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5
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Demir Duman F, Monaco A, Foulkes R, Becer CR, Forgan RS. Glycopolymer-Functionalized MOF-808 Nanoparticles as a Cancer-Targeted Dual Drug Delivery System for Carboplatin and Floxuridine. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:13862-13873. [PMID: 36338327 PMCID: PMC9623548 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Codelivery of chemotherapeutics via nanomaterials has attracted much attention over the last decades due to improved drug delivery to tumor tissues, decreased systemic effects, and increased therapeutic efficacies. High porosities, large pore volumes and surface areas, and tunable structures have positioned metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as promising drug delivery systems (DDSs). In particular, nanoscale Zr-linked MOFs such as MOF-808 offer notable advantages for biomedical applications such as high porosity, good stability, and biocompatibility. In this study, we report efficient dual drug delivery of floxuridine (FUDR) and carboplatin (CARB) loaded in MOF-808 nanoparticles to cancer cells. The nanoparticles were further functionalized by a poly(acrylic acid-mannose acrylamide) (PAAMAM) glycopolymer coating to obtain a highly selective DDS in cancer cells and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy. While MOF-808 was found to enhance the individual therapeutic effects of FUDR and CARB toward cancerous cells, combining FUDR and CARB was seen to cause a synergistic effect, further enhancing the cytotoxicity of the free drugs. Enhancement of CARB loading and therefore cytotoxicity of the CARB-loaded MOFs could be induced through a modified activation protocol, while coating of MOF-808 with the PAAMAM glycopolymer increased the uptake of the nanoparticles in cancer cells used in the study and offered a particularly significant selective drug delivery with high cytotoxicity in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. These results show how the enhancement of cytotoxicity is possible through both nanovector delivery and synergistic treatment, and that MOF-808 is a viable candidate for future drug delivery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Demir Duman
- WestCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow,
University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Rachel Foulkes
- WestCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow,
University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Ross S. Forgan
- WestCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow,
University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
- E-mail:
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6
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Samoilova NA, Krayukhina MA, Vyshivannaya OV, Blagodatskikh IV. Investigation of the Binding of Lectins with Polymer Glycoconjugates and the Glycoconjugates Containing Silver Nanoparticles by Means of Optical Spectroscopy and Light Scattering. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2022; 64:277-289. [PMID: 35669311 PMCID: PMC9149672 DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x22700092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of glycoconjugates, lectin-specific polymers containing a carbohydrate ligand (spacered residue of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, β-N-Gly-GlcNAc) has been carried out. Glyconanoparticles (glycol-NPs) containing a label detectable by means of spectrophotometry, silver nanoparticles, have been prepared on the basis of the glycoconjugates. Copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or N-vinylpyrrolidone have been used as a carrier to introduce the carbohydrate ligand and a stabilizer of silver nanoparticles. Solutions of the glycoconjugates and the silver glyconanoparticles have been characterized by means of light scattering, UV-visible spectroscopy, and TEM. The interaction of the obtained glycoconjugates and silver glyconanoparticles with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-specific lectins of Solanum tuberosum agglutinin (STA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) has been investigated by means of light scattering and UV-visible spectro-scopy. The data obtained via these physical methods using the carbohydrate-containing derivatives labeled with silver nanoparticles have been in agreement. It has been shown that the glycoconjugates and silver glyconanoparticles based on more hydrophilic copolymer of maleic acid with N-vinylpyrrolidone are more sensitive than the respective systems based on more hydrophobic copolymer of maleic acid with ethylene. It has been also shown that the considered systems are more sensitive to the STA lectin than to the WGA lectin. The silver glyconanoparticles have allowed more accurate and reliable detection of the lectins by means of light scattering, as compared to the glycopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Samoilova
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - M. A. Krayukhina
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - O. V. Vyshivannaya
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - I. V. Blagodatskikh
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Zhao T, Terracciano R, Becker J, Monaco A, Yilmaz G, Becer CR. Hierarchy of Complex Glycomacromolecules: From Controlled Topologies to Biomedical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:543-575. [PMID: 34982551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates bearing a distinct complexity use a special code (Glycocode) to communicate with carbohydrate-binding proteins at a high precision to manipulate biological activities in complex biological environments. The level of complexity in carbohydrate-containing macromolecules controls the amount and specificity of information that can be stored in biomacromolecules. Therefore, a better understanding of the glycocode is crucial to open new areas of biomedical applications by controlling or manipulating the interaction between immune cells and pathogens in terms of trafficking and signaling, which would become a powerful tool to prevent infectious diseases. Even though a certain level of progress has been achieved over the past decade, synthetic glycomacromolecules are still lagging far behind naturally existing glycans in terms of complexity and precision because of insufficient and inefficient synthetic techniques. Currently, specific targeting at a cellular level using synthetic glycomacromolecules is still challenging. It is obvious that multidisciplinary collaborations are essential between different specialized disciplines to enhance the carbohydrate receptor-targeting paradigm for new biomedical applications. In this Perspective, recent developments in the synthesis of sophisticated glycomacromolecules are highlighted, and their biological and biomedical applications are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieshuai Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Terracciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Becker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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8
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Bhattacharya K, Kalita U, Singha NK. Tailor-made Glycopolymers via Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: Design, Properties and Applications. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01640g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the underlying mechanism of biological interactions using glycopolymer is becoming increasingly important owing to their unique recognition properties. The multivalent interactions between lectin and glycopolymer are significantly influenced by...
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9
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Clauss ZS, Wardzala CL, Schlirf AE, Wright NS, Saini SS, Onoa B, Bustamante C, Kramer JR. Tunable, biodegradable grafting-from glycopolypeptide bottlebrush polymers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6472. [PMID: 34753949 PMCID: PMC8578664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular glycocalyx and extracellular matrix are rich in glycoproteins and proteoglycans that play essential physical and biochemical roles in all life. Synthetic mimics of these natural bottlebrush polymers have wide applications in biomedicine, yet preparation has been challenged by their high grafting and glycosylation densities. Using one-pot dual-catalysis polymerization of glycan-bearing α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides, we report grafting-from glycopolypeptide brushes. The materials are chemically and conformationally tunable where backbone and sidechain lengths were precisely altered, grafting density modulated up to 100%, and glycan density and identity tuned by monomer feed ratios. The glycobrushes are composed entirely of sugars and amino acids, are non-toxic to cells, and are degradable by natural proteases. Inspired by native lipid-anchored proteoglycans, cholesterol-modified glycobrushes were displayed on the surface of live human cells. Our materials overcome long-standing challenges in glycobrush polymer synthesis and offer new opportunities to examine glycan presentation and multivalency from chemically defined scaffolds. Synthetic mimics of glycoproteins and proteoglycans have wide applications in biomedicine, yet preparation has been challenged by their high grafting and glycosylation densities. Here the authors show one-pot dual-catalysis polymerization of glycan-bearing α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides to form glycopolypeptide brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Clauss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Casia L Wardzala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Austin E Schlirf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Nathaniel S Wright
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Simranpreet S Saini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Bibiana Onoa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Carlos Bustamante
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA.
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10
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Hartweg M, Jiang Y, Yilmaz G, Jarvis CM, Nguyen HVT, Primo GA, Monaco A, Beyer VP, Chen KK, Mohapatra S, Axelrod S, Gómez-Bombarelli R, Kiessling LL, Becer CR, Johnson JA. Synthetic Glycomacromolecules of Defined Valency, Absolute Configuration, and Topology Distinguish between Human Lectins. JACS AU 2021; 1:1621-1630. [PMID: 34723265 PMCID: PMC8549053 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) play vital roles in cell recognition and signaling, including pathogen binding and innate immunity. Thus, targeting lectins, especially those on the surface of immune cells, could advance immunology and drug discovery. Lectins are typically oligomeric; therefore, many of the most potent ligands are multivalent. An effective strategy for lectin targeting is to display multiple copies of a single glycan epitope on a polymer backbone; however, a drawback to such multivalent ligands is they cannot distinguish between lectins that share monosaccharide binding selectivity (e.g., mannose-binding lectins) as they often lack molecular precision. Here, we describe the development of an iterative exponential growth (IEG) synthetic strategy that enables facile access to synthetic glycomacromolecules with precisely defined and tunable sizes up to 22.5 kDa, compositions, topologies, and absolute configurations. Twelve discrete mannosylated "glyco-IEGmers" are synthesized and screened for binding to a panel of mannoside-binding immune lectins (DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR, MBL, SP-D, langerin, dectin-2, mincle, and DEC-205). In many cases, the glyco-IEGmers had distinct length, stereochemistry, and topology-dependent lectin-binding preferences. To understand these differences, we used molecular dynamics and density functional theory simulations of octameric glyco-IEGmers, which revealed dramatic effects of glyco-IEGmer stereochemistry and topology on solution structure and reveal an interplay between conformational diversity and chiral recognition in selective lectin binding. Ligand function also could be controlled by chemical substitution: by tuning the side chains of glyco-IEGmers that bind DC-SIGN, we could alter their cellular trafficking through alteration of their aggregation state. These results highlight the power of precision synthetic oligomer/polymer synthesis for selective biological targeting, motivating the development of next-generation glycomacromolecules tailored for specific immunological or other therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hartweg
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Cassie M. Jarvis
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gastón A. Primo
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Valentin P. Beyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen K. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Somesh Mohapatra
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Simon Axelrod
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laura L. Kiessling
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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11
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Muzulu J, Basu A. Detection of ligand binding to glycopolymers using saturation transfer difference NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21934-21940. [PMID: 34568885 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03410c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the use of saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy to observe the interaction of various phenylboronic acids (PBAs) with synthetic glycopolymers presenting galactose and glucose. After optimizing experimental parameters to maximize spin diffusion within the glycopolymers, STD NMR experiments were successfully used to detect binding of PBAs to the polymers. Amplification factor build-up curves in conjunction with differential epitope mapping experiments were used to generate an epitope map for the bound boronic acids. STD NMR was also used to detect the interaction between indole and a galactosylated glycopolymer, providing an indole-based view of this CH-π interaction, a common binding motif in carbohydrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Muzulu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Amit Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, USA.
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12
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Qin Q, Lang S, Huang X. Synthetic linear glycopolymers and their biological applications. J Carbohydr Chem 2021; 40:1-44. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.1928156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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13
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Yilmaz G, Becer CR. Glycopolymer Code: Programming Synthetic Macromolecules for Biological Targeting. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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14
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Glyco-nanoparticles: New drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:24-42. [PMID: 31870939 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is known as one of the most common diseases that are associated with high mobility and mortality in the world. Despite several efforts, current cancer treatment modalities often are highly toxic and lack efficacy and specificity. However, the application of nanotechnology has led to the development of effective nanosized drug delivery systems which are highly selective for tumors and allow a slow release of active anticancer agents. Different Nanoparticles (NPs) such as the silicon-based nano-materials, polymers, liposomes and metal NPs have been designed to deliver anti-cancer drugs to tumor sites. Among different drug delivery systems, carbohydrate-functionalized nanomaterials, specially based on their multi-valent binding capacities and desirable bio-compatibility, have attracted considerable attention as an excellent candidate for controlled release of therapeutic agents. In addition, these carbohydrate functionalized nano-carriers are more compatible with construction of the intracellular delivery platforms like the carbohydrate-modified metal NPs, quantum dots, and magnetic nano-materials. In this review, we discuss recent research in the field of multifunctional glycol-nanoparticles (GNPs) intended for cancer drug delivery applications.
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15
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Austin MJ, Rosales AM. Tunable biomaterials from synthetic, sequence-controlled polymers. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:490-505. [PMID: 30628589 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric biomaterials have many applications including therapeutic delivery vehicles, medical implants and devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Both naturally-derived and synthetic materials have successfully been used for these applications in the clinic. However, the increasing complexity of these applications requires materials with advanced properties, especially customizable or tunable materials with bioactivity. To address this issue, there have been recent efforts to better recapitulate the properties of natural materials using synthetic biomaterials composed of sequence-controlled polymers. Sequence control mimics the primary structure found in biopolymers, and in many cases, provides an extra handle for functionality in synthetic polymers. Here, we first review the advances in synthetic methods that have enabled sequence-controlled biomaterials on a relevant scale, and discuss strategies for choosing functional sequences from a biomaterials engineering context. Then, we highlight several recent studies that show strong impact of sequence control on biomaterial properties, including in vitro and in vivo behavior, in the areas of hydrogels, therapeutic materials, and novel applications such as molecular barcodes for medical devices. The role of sequence control in biomaterials properties is an emerging research area, and there remain many opportunities for investigation. Further study of this topic may significantly advance our understanding of bioactive or smart materials, as well as contribute design rules to guide the development of synthetic biomaterials for future applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah J Austin
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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16
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Purcell SC, Godula K. Synthetic glycoscapes: addressing the structural and functional complexity of the glycocalyx. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180080. [PMID: 30842878 PMCID: PMC6388016 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is an information-dense network of biomacromolecules extensively modified through glycosylation that populates the cellular boundary. The glycocalyx regulates biological events ranging from cellular protection and adhesion to signalling and differentiation. Owing to the characteristically weak interactions between individual glycans and their protein binding partners, multivalency of glycan presentation is required for the high-avidity interactions needed to trigger cellular responses. As such, biological recognition at the glycocalyx interface is determined by both the structure of glycans that are present as well as their spatial distribution. While genetic and biochemical approaches have proven powerful in controlling glycan composition, modulating the three-dimensional complexity of the cell-surface 'glycoscape' at the sub-micrometre scale remains a considerable challenge in the field. This focused review highlights recent advances in glycocalyx engineering using synthetic nanoscale glycomaterials, which allows for controlled de novo assembly of complexity with precision not accessible with traditional molecular biology tools. We discuss several exciting new studies in the field that demonstrate the power of precision glycocalyx editing in living cells in revealing and controlling the complex mechanisms by which the glycocalyx regulates biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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17
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Ma Z, Zhu XX. Copolymers containing carbohydrates and other biomolecules: design, synthesis and applications. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1361-1378. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03162b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent progress in random and block copolymers containing sugar and other biocompounds, including their design, synthesis, properties and selected applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- Département de Chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Département de Chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Montreal
- Canada
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18
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Baier M, Giesler M, Hartmann L. Split-and-Combine Approach Towards Branched Precision Glycomacromolecules and Their Lectin Binding Behavior. Chemistry 2018; 24:1619-1630. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Baier
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf; Universitaetsstraße 1 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Markus Giesler
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf; Universitaetsstraße 1 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf; Universitaetsstraße 1 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
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19
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Singhsa P, Diaz-Dussan D, Manuspiya H, Narain R. Well-Defined Cationic N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide Hydrochloride-Based (Co)polymers for siRNA Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2017; 19:209-221. [PMID: 29195038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cationic glycopolymers have shown to be excellent candidates for the fabrication of gene delivery devices due to their ability to electrostatically interact with negatively charged nucleic acids and the carbohydrate residues ensure enhanced stability and low toxicity of the polyplexes. The ability to engineer the polymers for optimized compositions, molecular weights, and architectures is critical in the design of effective gene delivery vehicles. Therefore, in this study, the aqueous reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) was used to synthesize well-defined cationic glycopolymers with various cationic segments. For the preparation of cationic parts, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide hydrochloride (DMAPMA·HCl), water-soluble methacrylamide monomer containing tertiary amine, was polymerized to produce DMAPMA·HCl homopolymer, which was then used as macroCTA in the block copolymerization with two other methacrylamide monomers containing different pendant groups, namely, 2-aminoethyl methacrylamide hydrochloride (AEMA) (with primary amine) and N-(3-aminopropyl) morpholine methacrylamide (MPMA) (with morpholine ring). In addition, statistical copolymers of DMAPMA.HCl with either AEMA or MPMA were also synthesized. All resulting cationic polymers were utilized as macroCTA for the RAFT copolymerization with 2-lactobionamidoethyl methacrylamide (LAEMA), which consists of the pendent galactose residues to achieve DMAPMA·HCl-based glycopolymers. From the in vitro cytotoxicity study, the cationic glycopolymers showed better cell viabilities than the corresponding cationic homopolymers. Furthermore, complexation of the cationic polymers with siRNA, cellular uptake of the resulting polyplexes, and gene knockdown efficiencies were evaluated. All cationic polymers/glycopolymers demonstrated good complexation ability with siRNA at low weight ratios. Among these cationic polymer-siRNA polyplexes, the polyplexes prepared from the two glycopolymers, P(DMAPMA65-b-LAEMA15) and P[(DMAPMA65-b-MPMA63)-b-LAEMA16], showed outstanding results in the cellular uptake, high EGFR knockdown, and low post-transfection toxicity, suggesting the great potential in siRNA delivery of these novel glycopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyawadee Singhsa
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University , Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Diana Diaz-Dussan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Hathaikarn Manuspiya
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University , Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
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20
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Martens S, Holloway JO, Du Prez FE. Click and Click-Inspired Chemistry for the Design of Sequence-Controlled Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28990247 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During the previous decade, many popular chemical reactions used in the area of "click" chemistry and similarly efficient "click-inspired" reactions have been applied for the design of sequence-defined and, more generally, sequence-controlled structures. This combination of topics has already made quite a significant impact on scientific research to date and has enabled the synthesis of highly functionalized and complex oligomeric and polymeric structures, which offer the prospect of many exciting further developments and applications in the near future. This minireview highlights the fruitful combination of these two topics for the preparation of sequence-controlled oligomeric and macromolecular structures and showcases the vast number of publications in this field within a relatively short span of time. It is divided into three sections according to the click-(inspired) reaction that has been applied: copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, thiol-X, and related thiolactone-based reactions, and finally Diels-Alder-chemistry-based routes are outlined, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Martens
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joshua O Holloway
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Freichel T, Eierhoff S, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Toward Orthogonal Preparation of Sequence-Defined Monodisperse Heteromultivalent Glycomacromolecules on Solid Support Using Staudinger Ligation and Copper-Catalyzed Click Reactions. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9400-9409. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Freichel
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Eierhoff
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole L. Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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22
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Sequence and Architectural Control in Glycopolymer Synthesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Magennis EP, Francini N, Mastrotto F, Catania R, Redhead M, Fernandez-Trillo F, Bradshaw D, Churchley D, Winzer K, Alexander C, Mantovani G. Polymers for binding of the gram-positive oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180087. [PMID: 28672031 PMCID: PMC5495209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is the most significant pathogenic bacterium implicated in the formation of dental caries and, both directly and indirectly, has been associated with severe conditions such as multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular and peripheral artery disease. Polymers able to selectively bind S. mutans and/or inhibit its adhesion to oral tissue in a non-lethal manner would offer possibilities for addressing pathogenicity without selecting for populations resistant against bactericidal agents. In the present work two libraries of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (pDMAEMA)-based polymers were synthesized with various proportions of either N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium cationic- or sulfobetaine zwitterionic groups. These copolymers where initially tested as potential macromolecular ligands for S. mutans NCTC 10449, whilst Escherichia coli MG1655 was used as Gram-negative control bacteria. pDMAEMA-derived materials with high proportions of zwitterionic repeating units were found to be selective for S. mutans, in both isolated and S. mutans-E. coli mixed bacterial cultures. Fully sulfobetainized pDMAEMA was subsequently found to bind/cluster preferentially Gram-positive S. mutans and S. aureus compared to Gram negative E. coli and V. harveyi. A key initial stage of S. mutans pathogenesis involves a lectin-mediated adhesion to the tooth surface, thus the range of potential macromolecular ligands was further expanded by investigating two glycopolymers bearing α-mannopyranoside and β-galactopyranoside pendant units. Results with these polymers indicated that preferential binding to either S. mutans or E. coli can be obtained by modulating the glycosylation pattern of the chosen multivalent ligands without incurring unacceptable cytotoxicity in a model gastrointestinal cell line. Overall, our results allowed to identify a structure-property relationship for the potential antimicrobial polymers investigated, and suggest that preferential binding to Gram-positive S. mutans could be achieved by fine-tuning of the recognition elements in the polymer ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene P. Magennis
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nora Francini
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rosa Catania
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Redhead
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Bradshaw
- GlaxoSmithKline, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - David Churchley
- GlaxoSmithKline, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Winzer
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Mantovani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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24
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Samoilova NA, Krayukhina MA, Babushkina TA, Yamskov IA, Likhosherstov LM, Piskarev VE. Silver- and gold-labeled colloidal and crosslinked glycopolymers based on glycyl glycosynthons and maleic anhydride copolymers for lectin binding. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda A. Samoilova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Maria A. Krayukhina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana A. Babushkina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Igor A. Yamskov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Leonid M. Likhosherstov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir E. Piskarev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
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25
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Barz M, Götze S, Loges N, Schüler T, Theato P, Tremel W, Zentel R. Well-defined carbohydrate-based polymers in calcium carbonate crystallization: Influence of stereochemistry in the polymer side chain on polymorphism and morphology. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Glyconanoparticles and their interactions with lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- CV4 7AL Coventry
- UK
- Department of Basic Sciences
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary
- University of London
- E1 4NS London
- UK
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27
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Yuan F, Wang S, Lu W, Chen G, Tu K, Jiang H, Wang LQ. Facile preparation of cancer-specific polyelectrolyte nanogels from natural and synthetic sugar polymers. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4546-4554. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00539f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylated polyelectrolyte nanogels prepared from natural and synthetic sugar polymers with excellent colloidal stability, specific bioactivities and imaging ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Shasha Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Kehua Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Qun Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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