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Graf J, Trautmann-Rodriguez M, Sabnis S, Kloxin AM, Fromen CA. On the path to predicting immune responses in the lung: Modeling the pulmonary innate immune system at the air-liquid interface (ALI). Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 191:106596. [PMID: 37770004 PMCID: PMC10658361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases and infections are among the largest contributors to death globally, many of which still have no cure, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and respiratory syncytial virus among others. Pulmonary therapeutics afford untapped potential for treating lung infection and disease through direct delivery to the site of action. However, the ability to innovate new therapeutic paradigms for respiratory diseases will rely on modeling the human lung microenvironment and including key cellular interactions that drive disease. One key feature of the lung microenvironment is the air-liquid interface (ALI). ALI interface modeling techniques, using cell-culture inserts, organoids, microfluidics, and precision lung slices (PCLS), are rapidly developing; however, one major component of these models is lacking-innate immune cell populations. Macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, among others, represent key lung cell populations, acting as the first responders during lung infection or injury. Innate immune cells respond to and modulate stromal cells and bridge the gap between the innate and adaptive immune system, controlling the bodies response to foreign pathogens and debris. In this article, we review the current state of ALI culture systems with a focus on innate immune cells and suggest ways to build on current models to add complexity and relevant immune cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Graf
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Simone Sabnis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - April M Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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2
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Schichlein KD, Smith GJ, Jaspers I. Protective effects of inhaled antioxidants against air pollution-induced pathological responses. Respir Res 2023; 24:187. [PMID: 37443038 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As the public health burden of air pollution continues to increase, new strategies to mitigate harmful health effects are needed. Dietary antioxidants have previously been explored to protect against air pollution-induced lung injury producing inconclusive results. Inhaled (pulmonary or nasal) administration of antioxidants presents a more promising approach as it could directly increase antioxidant levels in the airway surface liquid (ASL), providing protection against oxidative damage from air pollution. Several antioxidants have been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties in in vitro and in vivo models of air pollution exposure; however, little work has been done to translate these basic research findings into practice. This narrative review summarizes these findings and data from human studies using inhaled antioxidants in response to air pollution, which have produced positive results, indicating further investigation is warranted. In addition to human studies, cell and murine studies should be conducted using more relevant models of exposure such as air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary cells and non-aqueous apical delivery of antioxidants and pollutants. Inhalation of antioxidants shows promise as a protective intervention to prevent air pollution-induced lung injury and exacerbation of existing lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Schichlein
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Gregory J Smith
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA.
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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3
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Subramaniam S, Joyce P, Prestidge CA. Liquid crystalline lipid nanoparticles improve the antibacterial activity of tobramycin and vancomycin against intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Pharm 2023; 639:122927. [PMID: 37059243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular survival of bacteria is a significant challenge in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Currently available antibiotics suffer from limited penetration across host cell membranes, resulting in suboptimal treatment against the internalised bacteria. Liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNP) are gaining significant research interest in promoting the cellular uptake of therapeutics due to their fusogenic properties; however, they have not been reported for targeting intracellular bacteria. Herein, the cellular internalisation of LCNPs in RAW 264.7 macrophages and A549 epithelial cells was investigated and optimized through the incorporation of a cationic lipid, dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB). LCNPs displayed a honeycomb-like structure, while the inclusion of DDAB resulted into an onion-like organisation with larger internal pores. Cationic LCNPs enhanced the cellular uptake in both cells, reaching up to ∼90% uptake in cells. Further, LCNPs were encapsulated with tobramycin or vancomycin to improve their activity against intracellular gram-negative, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. The enhanced cellular uptake of cationic LCNP resulted in significant reduction of intracellular bacterial load (up to 90% reduction), compared to antibiotic dosed in its free form; with reduced performance observed for epithelial cells infected with S. aureus. Specifically engineered LCNP can re-sensitise antibiotics against both intracellular Gram positive and negative bacteria in diverse cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhni Subramaniam
- University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, SA, 5000, Australia.
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4
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In Vitro Dissolution and Permeability Testing of Inhalation Products: Challenges and Advances. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030983. [PMID: 36986844 PMCID: PMC10059005 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro dissolution and permeability testing aid the simulation of the in vivo behavior of inhalation drug products. Although the regulatory bodies have specific guidelines for the dissolution of orally administered dosage forms (e.g., tablets and capsules), this is not the case for orally inhaled formulations, as there is no commonly accepted test for assessing their dissolution pattern. Up until a few years ago, there was no consensus that assessing the dissolution of orally inhaled drugs is a key factor in the assessment of orally inhaled products. With the advancement of research in the field of dissolution methods for orally inhaled products and a focus on systemic delivery of new, poorly water-soluble drugs at higher therapeutic doses, an evaluation of dissolution kinetics is proving crucial. Dissolution and permeability testing can determine the differences between the developed formulations and the innovator’s formulations and serve as a useful tool in correlating in vitro and in vivo studies. The current review highlights recent advances in the dissolution and permeability testing of inhalation products and their limitations, including recent cell-based technology. Although a few new dissolution and permeability testing methods have been established that have varying degrees of complexity, none have emerged as the standard method of choice. The review discusses the challenges of establishing methods that can closely simulate the in vivo absorption of drugs. It provides practical insights into method development for various dissolution testing scenarios and challenges with dose collection and particle deposition from inhalation devices for dissolution tests. Furthermore, dissolution kinetic models and statistical tests to compare the dissolution profiles of test and reference products are discussed.
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5
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Sudduth ER, Kolewe EL, Graf J, Yu Y, Somma J, Fromen CA. Nebulization of Model Hydrogel Nanoparticles to Macrophages at the Air-Liquid Interface. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 4:1086031. [PMID: 37859802 PMCID: PMC10586456 DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1086031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle evaluation within the pulmonary airspace has increasingly important implications for human health, with growing interest from drug delivery, environmental, and toxicology fields. While there have been widespread investigations of nanoparticle physiochemical properties following many routes of administration, nanoparticle behavior at the air-liquid interface (ALI) is less well-characterized. In this work, we fabricate two formulations of poly(ethylene)-glycol diacrylate (PEGDA)-based model nanoparticles to establish an in vitro workflow allowing evaluation of nanoparticle charge effects at the ALI. Both cationic and anionic PEGDA formulations were synthesized with similar hydrodynamic diameters around ~225 nm and low polydispersity, with expected surface charges corresponding with the respective functional co-monomer. We find that both formulations are readily nebulized from an aqueous suspension in a commercial Aeroneb® Lab Nebulizer, but the aqueous delivery solution served to slightly increase the overall hydrodynamic and geometric size of the cationic particle formulation. However, nanoparticle loading at 50 μg/ml of either formulation did not influence the resultant aerosol diameter from the nebulizer. To assess aerosol delivery in vitro, we designed a 3D printed adapter capable of ensuring aerosol delivery to transwell 24-well culture plates. Nanoparticle uptake by macrophages was compared between traditional cell culture techniques and that of ALI-cultured macrophages following aerosol delivery. Cell viability was unaffected by nanoparticle delivery using either method. However, only traditional cell culture methods demonstrated significant uptake that was dependent on the nanoparticle surface charge. Concurrently, ALI culture resulted in lower metabolic activity of macrophages than those in traditional cell culture, leading to lower overall nanoparticle uptake at ALI. Overall, this work demonstrates that base-material similarities between both particle formulations provide an expected consistency in aerosol delivery regardless of the nanoparticle surface charge and provides an important workflow that enables a holistic evaluation of aerosolizable nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. Sudduth
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Emily L. Kolewe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jodi Graf
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Yinkui Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Joaquina Somma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Catherine A. Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Chintapula U, Yang S, Nguyen T, Li Y, Jaworski J, Dong H, Nguyen KT. Supramolecular Peptide Nanofiber/PLGA Nanocomposites for Enhancing Pulmonary Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56498-56509. [PMID: 36475601 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Effective drug delivery to pulmonary sites will benefit from the design and synthesis of novel drug delivery systems that can overcome various tissue and cellular barriers. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have shown promise for intracellular delivery of various imaging probes and therapeutics. Although CPPs improve delivery efficacy to a certain extent, they still lack the scope of engineering to improve the payload capacity and protect the payload from the physiological environment in drug delivery applications. Inspired by recent advances of CPPs and CPP-functionalized nanoparticles, in this work, we demonstrate a novel nanocomposite consisting of fiber-forming supramolecular CPPs that are coated onto polylactic-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles to enhance pulmonary drug delivery. These nanocomposites show a threefold higher intracellular delivery of nanoparticles in various cells including primary lung epithelial cells, macrophages, and a 10-fold increase in endothelial cells compared to naked PLGA nanoparticles or a twofold increase compared to nanoparticles modified with traditional monomeric CPPs. Cell uptake studies suggest that nanocomposites likely enter cells through mixed macropinocytosis and passive energy-independent mechanisms, which is followed by endosomal escape within 24 h. Nanocomposites also showed potent mucus permeation. More importantly, freeze-drying and nebulizing formulated nanocomposite powder did not affect their physiochemical and biological activity, which further highlights the translative potential for use as a stable drug carrier for pulmonary drug delivery. We expect nanocomposites based on peptide nanofibers, and PLGA nanoparticles can be custom designed to encapsulate and deliver a wide range of therapeutics including nucleic acids, proteins, and small-molecule drugs when employed in inhalable systems to treat various pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Chintapula
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Engineering Research Building, Room 226, 500 UTA Blvd., Arlington, Texas 76010, United States
| | - Su Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Chemistry & Physics Building, Room 130, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Trinh Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Engineering Research Building, Room 226, 500 UTA Blvd., Arlington, Texas 76010, United States
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Justyn Jaworski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Engineering Research Building, Room 226, 500 UTA Blvd., Arlington, Texas 76010, United States
| | - He Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Chemistry & Physics Building, Room 130, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Engineering Research Building, Room 226, 500 UTA Blvd., Arlington, Texas 76010, United States
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7
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Models using native tracheobronchial mucus in the context of pulmonary drug delivery research: Composition, structure and barrier properties. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114141. [PMID: 35149123 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mucus covers all wet epithelia and acts as a protective barrier. In the airways of the lungs, the viscoelastic mucus meshwork entraps and clears inhaled materials and efficiently removes them by mucociliary escalation. In addition to physical and chemical interaction mechanisms, the role of macromolecular glycoproteins (mucins) and antimicrobial constituents in innate immune defense are receiving increasing attention. Collectively, mucus displays a major barrier for inhaled aerosols, also including therapeutics. This review discusses the origin and composition of tracheobronchial mucus in relation to its (barrier) function, as well as some pathophysiological changes in the context of pulmonary diseases. Mucus models that contemplate key features such as elastic-dominant rheology, composition, filtering mechanisms and microbial interactions are critically reviewed in the context of health and disease considering different collection methods of native human pulmonary mucus. Finally, the prerequisites towards a standardization of mucus models in a regulatory context and their role in drug delivery research are addressed.
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Horstmann JC, Laric A, Boese A, Yildiz D, Röhrig T, Empting M, Frank N, Krug D, Müller R, Schneider-Daum N, de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz C, Lehr CM. Transferring Microclusters of P. aeruginosa Biofilms to the Air-Liquid Interface of Bronchial Epithelial Cells for Repeated Deposition of Aerosolized Tobramycin. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:137-149. [PMID: 34919390 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative to technically demanding and ethically debatable animal models, the use of organotypic and disease-relevant human cell culture models may improve the throughput, speed, and success rate for the translation of novel anti-infectives into the clinic. Besides bacterial killing, host cell viability and barrier function appear as relevant but seldomly measured readouts. Moreover, bacterial virulence factors and signaling molecules are typically not addressed in current cell culture models. Here, we describe a reproducible protocol for cultivating barrier-forming human bronchial epithelial cell monolayers on Transwell inserts and infecting them with microclusters of pre-grown mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms under the air-liquid interface conditions. Bacterial growth and quorum sensing molecules were determined upon tobramycin treatment. The host cell response was simultaneously assessed through cell viability, epithelial barrier function, and cytokine release. By repeated deposition of aerosolized tobramycin after 1, 24, and 48 h, bacterial growth was controlled (reduction from 10 to 4 log10 CFU/mL), which leads to epithelial cell survival for up to 72 h. E-cadherin's cell-cell adhesion protein expression was preserved with the consecutive treatment, and quorum sensing molecules were reduced. However, the bacteria could not be eradicated and epithelial barrier function was impaired, similar to the currently observed situation in the clinic in lack of more efficient anti-infective therapies. Such a human-based in vitro approach has the potential for the preclinical development of novel anti-infectives and nanoscale delivery systems for oral inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus C. Horstmann
- Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Annabelle Laric
- Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University, Kirrbergerstr./Geb. 46, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Annette Boese
- Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniela Yildiz
- Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University, Kirrbergerstr./Geb. 46, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Röhrig
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization (DDOP), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization (DDOP), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicolas Frank
- Department of Microbial Natural Products (MINS), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniel Krug
- Department of Microbial Natural Products (MINS), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products (MINS), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicole Schneider-Daum
- Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Carius P, Dubois A, Ajdarirad M, Artzy-Schnirman A, Sznitman J, Schneider-Daum N, Lehr CM. PerfuPul-A Versatile Perfusable Platform to Assess Permeability and Barrier Function of Air Exposed Pulmonary Epithelia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:743236. [PMID: 34692661 PMCID: PMC8526933 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.743236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex in vitro models, especially those based on human cells and tissues, may successfully reduce or even replace animal models within pre-clinical development of orally inhaled drug products. Microfluidic lung-on-chips are regarded as especially promising models since they allow the culture of lung specific cell types under physiological stimuli including perfusion and air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions within a precisely controlled in vitro environment. Currently, though, such models are not available to a broad user community given their need for sophisticated microfabrication techniques. They further require systematic comparison to well-based filter supports, in analogy to traditional Transwells®. We here present a versatile perfusable platform that combines the advantages of well-based filter supports with the benefits of perfusion, to assess barrier permeability of and aerosol deposition on ALI cultured pulmonary epithelial cells. The platform as well as the required technical accessories can be reproduced via a detailed step-by-step protocol and implemented in typical bio-/pharmaceutical laboratories without specific expertise in microfabrication methods nor the need to buy costly specialized equipment. Calu-3 cells cultured under liquid covered conditions (LCC) inside the platform showed similar development of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) over a period of 14 days as cells cultured on a traditional Transwell®. By using a customized deposition chamber, fluorescein sodium was nebulized via a clinically relevant Aerogen® Solo nebulizer onto Calu-3 cells cultured under ALI conditions within the platform. This not only allowed to analyze the transport of fluorescein sodium after ALI deposition under perfusion, but also to compare it to transport under traditional static conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Carius
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Aurélie Dubois
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Morvarid Ajdarirad
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Arbel Artzy-Schnirman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nicole Schneider-Daum
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Testing of aerosolized ciprofloxacin nanocarriers on cystic fibrosis airway cells infected with P. aeruginosa biofilms. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1752-1765. [PMID: 34047967 PMCID: PMC8236054 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The major pathogen found in the lungs of adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which builds antibiotic-resistant biofilms. Pulmonary delivery of antibiotics by inhalation has already been proved advantageous in the clinic, but the development of novel anti-infective aerosol medicines is complex and could benefit from adequate in vitro test systems. This work describes the first in vitro model of human bronchial epithelial cells cultivated at the air-liquid interface (ALI) and infected with P. aeruginosa biofilm and its application to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of aerosolized anti-infective nanocarriers. Such a model may facilitate the translation of novel therapeutic modalities into the clinic, reducing animal experiments and the associated problems of species differences. A preformed biofilm of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was transferred to filter-grown monolayers of the human CF cell line (CFBE41o-) at ALI and additionally supplemented with human tracheobronchial mucus. This experimental protocol provides an appropriate time window to deposit aerosolized ciprofloxacin-loaded nanocarriers at the ALI. When applied 1 h post-infection, the nanocarriers eradicated all planktonic bacteria and reduced the biofilm fraction of the pathogen by log 6, while CFBE41o- viability and barrier properties were maintained. The here described complex in vitro model approach may open new avenues for preclinical safety and efficacy testing of aerosol medicines against P. aeruginosa lung infection.
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