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Sapugahawatte DN, Godakumara K, Mäesaar M, Ekanayake G, Midekessa GB, Prasadani M, Kodithuwakku S, Roasto M, Andronowska A, Fazeli A. Harnessing Nature's Defence: The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Pasteurised Cattle Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4759. [PMID: 38731976 PMCID: PMC11083917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) challenges conventional antibiotics, prompting the search for alternatives. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from pasteurised cattle milk offer promise, due to their unique properties. This study investigates their efficacy against five pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, aiming to combat AMR and to develop new therapies. EVs were characterised and tested using various methods. Co-culture experiments with S. aureus showed significant growth inhibition, with colony-forming units decreasing from 2.4 × 105 CFU/mL (single dose) to 7.4 × 104 CFU/mL (triple doses) after 12 h. Milk EVs extended lag time (6 to 9 h) and increased generation time (2.8 to 4.8 h) dose-dependently, compared to controls. In conclusion, milk EVs exhibit dose-dependent inhibition against S. aureus, prolonging lag and generation times. Despite limitations, this suggests their potential in addressing AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulmini Nanayakkara Sapugahawatte
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (D.N.S.); (K.G.); (G.E.); (G.B.M.); (M.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Kasun Godakumara
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (D.N.S.); (K.G.); (G.E.); (G.B.M.); (M.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Mihkel Mäesaar
- Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Gayandi Ekanayake
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (D.N.S.); (K.G.); (G.E.); (G.B.M.); (M.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Getnet Balcha Midekessa
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (D.N.S.); (K.G.); (G.E.); (G.B.M.); (M.P.); (S.K.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 14b, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Madhusha Prasadani
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (D.N.S.); (K.G.); (G.E.); (G.B.M.); (M.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Suranga Kodithuwakku
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (D.N.S.); (K.G.); (G.E.); (G.B.M.); (M.P.); (S.K.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Mati Roasto
- Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Juliana Tuwima St. 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (D.N.S.); (K.G.); (G.E.); (G.B.M.); (M.P.); (S.K.)
- Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.M.); (M.R.)
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine & Population Health, University of Sheffield, Level 4, Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
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Mohammadi M, Mansouri K, Mohammadi P, Pournazari M, Najafi H. Exosomes in renal cell carcinoma: challenges and opportunities. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:443. [PMID: 38520545 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer that accounts for approximately 2-3% of adult malignancies. Among the primary treatment methods for this type of cancer are surgery and targeted treatment. Still, due to less than optimal effectiveness, there are problems such as advanced distant metastasis, delayed diagnosis, and drug resistance that continue to plague patients. In recent years, therapeutic advances have increased life expectancy and effective treatment in renal cell carcinoma patients. One of these methods is the use of stem cells. Although the therapeutic effects of stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, are still impressive, today, extracellular vesicles (EVs) as carrying molecules and various mediators in intercellular communications, having a central role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug response, and on the other hand, due to its low immunogenicity and strong regulatory properties of the immune system, has received much attention from researchers and doctors. Despite the increasing interest in exosomes as the most versatile type of EVs, the heterogeneity of their efficacy presents challenges and, on the other hand, exciting opportunities for diagnostic and clinical interventions.In the upcoming article, we will review the various aspects of exosomes' effects in the prevention, treatment, and progress of renal cell carcinoma and also ways to optimize them to strengthen their positive sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahan Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehran Pournazari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Houshang Najafi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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3
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Liu X, Cao Y, Wang S, Liu J, Hao H. Extracellular vesicles: powerful candidates in nano-drug delivery systems. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:295-311. [PMID: 37581742 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nanoparticles that are actively released by cells, contain a variety of biologically active substances, serve as significant mediators of intercellular communication, and participate in many processes, in health and pathologically. Compared with traditional nanodrug delivery systems (NDDSs), EVs have unique advantages due to their natural physiological properties, such as their biocompatibility, stability, ability to cross barriers, and inherent homing properties. A growing number of studies have reported that EVs deliver therapeutic proteins, small-molecule drugs, siRNAs, miRNAs, therapeutic proteins, and nanomaterials for targeted therapy in various diseases. However, due to the lack of standardized techniques for isolating, quantifying, and characterizing EVs; lower-than-anticipated drug loading efficiency; insufficient clinical production; and potential safety concerns, the practical application of EVs still faces many challenges. Here, we systematically review the current commonly used methods for isolating EVs, summarize the types and methods of loading therapeutic drugs into EVs, and discuss the latest progress in applying EVs as NDDs. Finally, we present the challenges that hinder the clinical application of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfang Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, No. 17 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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Mondal J, Pillarisetti S, Junnuthula V, Surwase SS, Hwang SR, Park IK, Lee YK. Extracellular vesicles and exosome-like nanovesicles as pioneering oral drug delivery systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1307878. [PMID: 38260737 PMCID: PMC10800420 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1307878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As extracellular vesicle (EV)-based nanotechnology has developed rapidly, it has made unprecedented opportunities for nanomedicine possible. EVs and exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNVs) are natural nanocarriers with unique structural, compositional, and morphological characteristics that provide excellent physical, chemical, and biochemical properties. In this literature, we examine the characteristics of EVs, including how they are administered orally and their therapeutic activity. According to the current examples of EVs and ELNVs for oral delivery, milk and plant EVs can exert therapeutic effects through their protein, nucleic acid, and lipid components. Furthermore, several methods for loading drugs into exosomes and targeting exosomes have been employed to investigate their therapeutic capability. Moreover, we discuss EVs as potential drug carriers and the potential role of ELNVs for disease prevention and treatment or as potential drug carriers in the future. In conclusion, the issues associated with the development of EVs and ELNVs from sources such as milk and plants, as well as concerns with standardized applications of these EVs, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Mondal
- Department of Green Bioengineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shameer Pillarisetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sachin S. Surwase
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Rim Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-kyu Lee
- Department of Green Bioengineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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Yan S, Huang Z, Chen X, Chen H, Yang X, Gao M, Zhang X. Metabolic profiling of urinary exosomes for systemic lupus erythematosus discrimination based on HPL-SEC/MALDI-TOF MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6411-6420. [PMID: 37644324 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease which leads to the formation of immune complex deposits in multiple organs and has heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Currently, exosomes for liquid biopsy have been applied in diagnosis and monitoring of diseases, whereas SLE discrimination based on exosomes at the metabolic level is rarely reported. Herein, we constructed a protocol for metabolomic study of urinary exosomes from SLE patients and healthy controls (HCs) with high efficiency and throughput. Exosomes were first obtained by high-performance liquid size-exclusion chromatography (HPL-SEC), and then metabolic fingerprints of urinary exosomes were extracted by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) with high throughput and high efficency. With the statistical analysis by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model, SLE patients were efficiently distinguished from HCs, the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver characteristic curve (ROC) was 1.00, and the accuracy of the unsupervised clustering heatmap was 90.32%. In addition, potential biomarkers and related metabolic pathways were analyzed. This method, with the characteristics of high throughput, high efficiency, and high accuracy, will provide the broad prospect of exosome-driven precision medicine and large-scale screening in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohan Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhongzhou Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingxia Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Wang F, Yuan M, Shao C, Ji N, Zhang H, Li C. Momordica charantia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Provide Antioxidant Protection in Ulcerative Colitis. Molecules 2023; 28:6182. [PMID: 37687011 PMCID: PMC10488752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles are functional nanovesicles that have significant applications in both disease prevention and treatment, as well as for use as drug carriers. Momordica charantia is a widely consumed food that has both medicinal and nutritional properties and has shown intervention in diabetes and inflammation caused by oxidative damage. In this study, Momordica charantia-derived extracellular vesicles (MCEVs) were extracted and demonstrated to have excellent antioxidant activity by characterization, lipid composition analysis, protein domain analysis, and in vitro antioxidant measurement. In addition, in vivo studies indicated that the MCEVs could restore ulcerative colitis by regulating oxidation and inflammatory factors. Therefore, the antioxidant properties of MCEVs may be important in protecting the colon from inflammation, which provides new insights into the application of MCEVs as drugs or vectors for intervention in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.W.); (M.Y.); (C.S.); (N.J.)
| | - Meng Yuan
- College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.W.); (M.Y.); (C.S.); (N.J.)
| | - Chenqi Shao
- College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.W.); (M.Y.); (C.S.); (N.J.)
| | - Nan Ji
- College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.W.); (M.Y.); (C.S.); (N.J.)
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.W.); (M.Y.); (C.S.); (N.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.W.); (M.Y.); (C.S.); (N.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Jo H, Shim K, Jeoung D. Exosomes: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications in Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051465. [PMID: 37242707 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles produced by all cells, and they are present in various body fluids. Exosomes play crucial roles in tumor initiation/progression, immune suppression, immune surveillance, metabolic reprogramming, angiogenesis, and the polarization of macrophages. In this work, we summarize the mechanisms of exosome biogenesis and secretion. Since exosomes may be increased in the cancer cells and body fluids of cancer patients, exosomes and exosomal contents can be used as cancer diagnostic and prognostic markers. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These exosomal contents can be transferred into recipient cells. Therefore, this work details the roles of exosomes and exosomal contents in intercellular communications. Since exosomes mediate cellular interactions, exosomes can be targeted for developing anticancer therapy. This review summarizes current studies on the effects of exosomal inhibitors on cancer initiation and progression. Since exosomal contents can be transferred, exosomes can be modified to deliver molecular cargo such as anticancer drugs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and micro RNAs (miRNAs). Thus, we also summarize recent advances in developing exosomes as drug delivery platforms. Exosomes display low toxicity, biodegradability, and efficient tissue targeting, which make them reliable delivery vehicles. We discuss the applications and challenges of exosomes as delivery vehicles in tumors, along with the clinical values of exosomes. In this review, we aim to highlight the biogenesis, functions, and diagnostic and therapeutic implications of exosomes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Jo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghee Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Skrika-Alexopoulos E, Mark Smales C. Isolation and characterisation of exosomes from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:425-437. [PMID: 36708458 PMCID: PMC10038950 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes have previously been isolated from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and their anti-apoptotic properties reported. However, to further facilitate the study of CHO cell derived exosomes and allow their comparison across studies, it is necessary to characterise and define such exosomes using at least three criteria that can act as a reference for the generation of CHO cell produced exosomes. Here we report on the isolation of exosomes from CHO cells, an industrially relevant and widely used cell host for biopharmaceutical protein production, during the exponential and stationary phase of growth during batch culture using a Total Exosome Isolation (TEI) method. The resulting vesicles were characterized and visualized using a diverse range of techniques including Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, Electron Microscopy and immunoblotting, and their protein and RNA content determined. We also generated the lipid fingerprint of isolated exosomes using MALDI-ToF mass spectroscopy. We confirmed the presence of nano sized extracellular vesicles from CHO cells and their subsequent characterization revealed details of their size, homogeneity, surface charge, protein and RNA content. The lipid content of exosomes was also found to differ between exosomes isolated on different days of batch culture. This analysis provides a profile and characterisation of CHO cell exosomes to aid future studies on exosomes from CHO cells and improving the manufacturing of exosomes for biotherapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Mark Smales
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK.
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Sarasati A, Syahruddin MH, Nuryanti A, Ana ID, Barlian A, Wijaya CH, Ratnadewi D, Wungu TDK, Takemori H. Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications and Regenerative Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041053. [PMID: 37189671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) comprise various bioactive biomolecules. As an alternative cell-free therapeutic approach, they have the potential to deliver nano-bioactive compounds to the human body, and thus lead to various anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor benefits. Moreover, it is known that Indonesia is one of the herbal centers of the world, with an abundance of unexplored sources of PDENs. This encouraged further research in biomedical science to develop natural richness in plants as a source for human welfare. This study aims to verify the potential of PDENs for biomedical purposes, especially for regenerative therapy applications, by collecting and analyzing data from the latest relevant research and developments.
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