1
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Park J, Overbey EG, Narayanan SA, Kim J, Tierney BT, Damle N, Najjar D, Ryon KA, Proszynski J, Kleinman A, Hirschberg JW, MacKay M, Afshin EE, Granstein R, Gurvitch J, Hudson BM, Rininger A, Mullane S, Church SE, Meydan C, Church G, Beheshti A, Mateus J, Mason CE. Spatial multi-omics of human skin reveals KRAS and inflammatory responses to spaceflight. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4773. [PMID: 38862494 PMCID: PMC11166909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight can change metabolic, immunological, and biological homeostasis and cause skin rashes and irritation, yet the molecular basis remains unclear. To investigate the impact of short-duration spaceflight on the skin, we conducted skin biopsies on the Inspiration4 crew members before (L-44) and after (R + 1) flight. Leveraging multi-omics assays including GeoMx™ Digital Spatial Profiler, single-cell RNA/ATAC-seq, and metagenomics/metatranscriptomics, we assessed spatial gene expressions and associated microbial and immune changes across 95 skin regions in four compartments: outer epidermis, inner epidermis, outer dermis, and vasculature. Post-flight samples showed significant up-regulation of genes related to inflammation and KRAS signaling across all skin regions. These spaceflight-associated changes mapped to specific cellular responses, including altered interferon responses, DNA damage, epithelial barrier disruptions, T-cell migration, and hindered regeneration were located primarily in outer tissue compartments. We also linked epithelial disruption to microbial shifts in skin swab and immune cell activity to PBMC single-cell data from the same crew and timepoints. Our findings present the inaugural collection and examination of astronaut skin, offering insights for future space missions and response countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Park
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eliah G Overbey
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Anand Narayanan
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - JangKeun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Braden T Tierney
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Namita Damle
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deena Najjar
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krista A Ryon
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Proszynski
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Kleinman
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Wain Hirschberg
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew MacKay
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan E Afshin
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Granstein
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Gurvitch
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | | | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Vora PM, Prabhu S. Exploring the influence of microgravity on chemotherapeutic drug response in cancer: Unveiling new perspectives. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18347. [PMID: 38693857 PMCID: PMC11063729 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Microgravity, an altered gravity condition prevailing in space, has been reported to have a profound impact on human health. Researchers are very keen to comprehensively investigate the impact of microgravity and its intricate involvement in inducing physiological changes. Evidenced transformations were observed in the internal architecture including cytoskeletal organization and cell membrane morphology. These alterations can significantly influence cellular function, signalling pathways and overall cellular behaviour. Further, microgravity has been reported to alter in the expression profile of genes and metabolic pathways related to cellular processes, signalling cascades and structural proteins in cancer cells contributing to the overall changes in the cellular architecture. To investigate the effect of microgravity on cellular and molecular levels numerous ground-based simulation systems employing both in vitro and in vivo models are used. Recently, researchers have explored the possibility of leveraging microgravity to potentially modulate cancer cells against chemotherapy. These findings hold promise for both understanding fundamental processes and could potentially lead to the development of more effective, personalized and innovative approaches in therapeutic advancements against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preksha Manish Vora
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalIndia
| | - Sudharshan Prabhu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalIndia
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3
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Majumder N, Ghosh S. 3D biofabrication and space: A 'far-fetched dream' or a 'forthcoming reality'? Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108273. [PMID: 37863444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The long duration space missions across the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) often expose the voyagers to an abrupt zero gravity influence. The severe extraterrestrial cosmic radiation directly causes a plethora of moderate to chronic healthcare crises. The only feasible solution to manage critical injuries on board is surgical interventions or immediate return to Earth. This led the group of space medicine practitioners to adopt principles from tissue engineering and develop human tissue equivalents as an immediate regenerative therapy on board. The current review explicitly demonstrates the constructive application of different tissue-engineered equivalents matured under the available ground-based microgravity simulation facilities. Further, it elucidates how augmenting the superiority of biomaterial-based 3D bioprinting technology can enhance their clinical applicability. Additionally, the regulatory role of weightlessness condition on the underlying cellular signaling pathways governing tissue morphogenesis has been critically discussed. This information will provide future directions on how 3D biofabrication can be used as a plausible tool for healing on-flight chronic health emergencies. Thus, in our review, we aimed to precisely debate whether 3D biofabrication is deployed to cater to on-flight healthcare anomalies or space-like conditions are being utilized for generating 3D bioprinted human tissue constructs for efficient drug screening and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Majumder
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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4
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Zhang W, Zhang J, Cui Y, Zhao Y, Lei X. Stem Cells and Exosome Applications for Cutaneous Wound Healing: From Ground to Microgravity Environment. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2094-2108. [PMID: 37458936 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of astronauts entering microgravity environments for long-term space missions has resulted in serious health problems, including accidental injury and trauma. Skin, as the largest organ and outermost layer of the human body, has the ability to self-renew and withstand a variety of harmful biological and environmental influences. Recent spaceflight experiments and simulated studies have begun to concern the effects of microgravity on the growth of skin cells and the process of cutaneous wound healing. However, the mechanisms of the adverse effects of microgravity on skin cells and potential intervention measures are still limited. Stem cells and their exosomes provide unique opportunities for the cutaneous wound healing as they have been used to improve skin repair. This review discusses the effects of microgravity on wound healing, from cell morphological changes to molecular level alterations. Furthermore, the current research on wound healing treatment utilizing stem cells and their exosomes on the ground is summarized. Finally, this review proposes promising therapeutic strategies using stem cells or exosomes for wound healing in the microgravity environment. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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5
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Fernández-Guarino M, Hernández-Bule ML, Bacci S. Cellular and Molecular Processes in Wound Healing. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2526. [PMID: 37760967 PMCID: PMC10525842 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent knowledge of the cellular and molecular processes that occur during wound healing. However, these biological mechanisms have yet to be defined in detail; this is demonstrated by the fact that alterations of events to pathological states, such as keloids, consisting of the excessive formation of scars, have consequences yet to be defined in detail. Attention is also dedicated to new therapies proposed for these kinds of pathologies. Awareness of these scientific problems is important for experts of various disciplines who are confronted with these kinds of presentations daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Fernández-Guarino
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (Irycis), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria Luisa Hernández-Bule
- Bioelectromagnetic Lab, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (Irycis), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Stefano Bacci
- Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, Department of Biology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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6
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Yue Y, Yang J, Lu S, Ge J, Nie H, Liu K, Liu F, Li H, Yan H, Zhang T, Sun P, Sun H, Yang J, Zhou J, Cui Y. Simulated microgravity altered the proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix formation of L929 fibroblasts and the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13341. [PMID: 37231921 PMCID: PMC10167414 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to microgravity can adversely affect the fitness of astronauts. The integrity of the skin plays a crucial role in protecting against mechanical forces and infections, fluid imbalance, and thermal dysregulation. In brief, the skin wound may cause unknown challenges to the implementation of space missions. Wound healing is a physiological process that relies on the synergistic action of inflammatory cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and various growth factors to maintain the integrity of skin after trauma. Fibroblasts are present almost throughout the entire process of wound repair, especially in the scar formation at the endpoint of wound healing. However, there is limited knowledge about the extent to which fibroblasts are affected by the lack of gravity during wound healing. In this study, we utilized the rotary cell culture system, a ground-based facility that mimics the weightless condition, to study the alterations of L929 fibroblast cells under simulated microgravity (SMG). Our results demonstrated that the SM condition exerted negative influences on the proliferation and ECM formation of the L929 fibroblast. Whereas, the apoptosis of fibroblast was significantly upregulated upon exposure to SMG conditions. Moreover, the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3 (TGF-β1/smad3) signaling pathway of L929 fibroblast related to wound repair was also altered significantly under a weightless environment. Overall, our study provided evidence that fibroblasts are strongly sensitive to SMG and elucidated the potential value of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway modulating wound healing in the future practice of space medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- Department of General SurgeryThe 306th Hospital of PLA‐Peking University Teaching HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jia‐Qi Yang
- Department of General SurgeryThe 306th Hospital of PLA‐Peking University Teaching HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Sheng‐Yu Lu
- Department of General SurgeryThe 306th Hospital of PLA‐Peking University Teaching HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of General SurgeryThe 306th Hospital of PLA‐Peking University Teaching HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Yun Nie
- Department of General SurgeryThe 306th Hospital of PLA‐Peking University Teaching HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Kai‐Ge Liu
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of General SurgeryFuyang Tumor HospitalFuyangChina
| | - Hao Li
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Feng Yan
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Pei‐Ming Sun
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Wei Sun
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Jian‐Wu Yang
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Jin‐Lian Zhou
- Department of PathologyStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General SurgeryThe 306th Hospital of PLA‐Peking University Teaching HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of General SurgeryStrategic Support Force Medical CenterBeijingChina
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7
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Theotokis P, Manthou ME, Deftereou TE, Miliaras D, Meditskou S. Addressing Spaceflight Biology through the Lens of a Histologist-Embryologist. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020588. [PMID: 36836946 PMCID: PMC9965490 DOI: 10.3390/life13020588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryogenesis and fetal development are highly delicate and error-prone processes in their core physiology, let alone if stress-associated factors and conditions are involved. Space radiation and altered gravity are factors that could radically affect fertility and pregnancy and compromise a physiological organogenesis. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of information examining the effects of cosmic exposures on reproductive and proliferating outcomes with regard to mammalian embryonic development. However, explicit attention has been given to investigations exploring discrete structures and neural networks such as the vestibular system, an entity that is viewed as the sixth sense and organically controls gravity beginning with the prenatal period. The role of the gut microbiome, a newly acknowledged field of research in the space community, is also being challenged to be added in forthcoming experimental protocols. This review discusses the data that have surfaced from simulations or actual space expeditions and addresses developmental adaptations at the histological level induced by an extraterrestrial milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Dimosthenis Miliaras
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
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8
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Cialdai F, Bacci S, Zizi V, Norfini A, Balsamo M, Ciccone V, Morbidelli L, Calosi L, Risaliti C, Vanhelden L, Pantalone D, Bani D, Monici M. Optimization of an Ex-Vivo Human Skin/Vein Model for Long-Term Wound Healing Studies: Ground Preparatory Activities for the 'Suture in Space' Experiment Onboard the International Space Station. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214123. [PMID: 36430601 PMCID: PMC9693847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is preliminary to an experiment to be performed onboard the International Space Station (ISS) and on Earth to investigate how low gravity influences the healing of sutured human skin and vein wounds. Its objective was to ascertain whether these tissue explants could be maintained to be viable ex vivo for long periods of time, mimicking the experimental conditions onboard the ISS. We developed an automated tissue culture chamber, reproducing and monitoring the physiological tensile forces over time, and a culture medium enriched with serelaxin (60 ng/mL) and (Zn(PipNONO)Cl) (28 ng/mL), known to extend viability of explanted organs for transplantation. The results show that the human skin and vein specimens remained viable for more than 4 weeks, with no substantial signs of damage in their tissues and cells. As a further clue about cell viability, some typical events associated with wound repair were observed in the tissue areas close to the wound, namely remodeling of collagen fibers in the papillary dermis and of elastic fibers in the vein wall, proliferation of keratinocyte stem cells, and expression of the endothelial functional markers eNOS and FGF-2. These findings validate the suitability of this new ex vivo organ culture system for wound healing studies, not only for the scheduled space experiment but also for applications on Earth, such as drug discovery purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cialdai
- ASA Research Division, ASA Campus Joint Laboratory, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Bacci
- Imaging Platform, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine & Joint Laboratory with Department Biology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Virginia Zizi
- Imaging Platform, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine & Joint Laboratory with Department Biology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Valerio Ciccone
- Department Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Morbidelli
- Department Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Calosi
- Imaging Platform, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine & Joint Laboratory with Department Biology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Risaliti
- ASA Research Division, ASA Campus Joint Laboratory, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Lore Vanhelden
- Imaging Platform, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine & Joint Laboratory with Department Biology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
- M&T Faculty, Applied Engineering and Technology, Karel de Grote University of Applied Sciences, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Hoboken, The Netherlands
| | - Desirée Pantalone
- Section of Surgery, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Imaging Platform, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine & Joint Laboratory with Department Biology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Monica Monici
- ASA Research Division, ASA Campus Joint Laboratory, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (M.M.)
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9
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Cellular Mechanisms in Acute and Chronic Wounds after PDT Therapy: An Update. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071624. [PMID: 35884929 PMCID: PMC9313247 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PDT is a two-stage treatment that combines light energy with a photosensitizer designed to destroy cancerous and precancerous cells after light activation. Photosensitizers are activated by a specific wavelength of light energy, usually from a laser. The photosensitizer is nontoxic until it is activated by light. However, after light activation, the photosensitizer becomes toxic to the targeted tissue. Among sensitizers, the topical use of ALA, a natural precursor of protoporphyrin IX, a precursor of the heme group, and a powerful photosensitizing agent, represents a turning point for PDT in the dermatological field, as it easily absorbable by the skin. Wound healing requires a complex interaction and coordination of different cells and molecules. Any alteration in these highly coordinated events can lead to either delayed or excessive healing. The goal of this review is to elucidate the cellular mechanisms involved, upon treatment with ALA-PDT, in chronic wounds, which are often associated with social isolation and high costs in terms of care.
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10
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Strollo F, Gentile S, Pipicelli AMV, Mambro A, Monici M, Magni P. Space Flight-Promoted Insulin Resistance as a Possible Disruptor of Wound Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:868999. [PMID: 35646861 PMCID: PMC9136162 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.868999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
During space flight, especially when prolonged, exposure to microgravity results in a number of pathophysiological changes such as bone loss, muscle atrophy, cardiovascular and metabolic changes and impaired wound healing, among others. Interestingly, chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance appear to be pivotal events linking many of them. Interestingly, real and experimental microgravity is also associated to altered wound repair, a process that is becoming increasingly important in view of prolonged space flights. The association of insulin resistance and wound healing impairment may be hypothesized from some dysmetabolic conditions, like the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and abdominal/visceral obesity, where derangement of glucose and lipid metabolism, greater low-grade inflammation, altered adipokine secretion and adipocyte dysfunction converge to produce systemic effects that also negatively involve wound healing. Indeed, wound healing impairment after traumatic events and surgery in space remains a relevant concern for space agencies. Further studies are required to clarify the molecular connection between insulin resistance and wound healing during space flight, addressing the ability of physical, endocrine/metabolic, and pharmacological countermeasures, as well as nutritional strategies to prevent long-term detrimental effects on tissue repair linked to insulin resistance. Based on these considerations, this paper discusses the pathophysiological links between microgravity-associated insulin resistance and impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Strollo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: F. Strollo,
| | - S. Gentile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Campania University “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy and Nefrocenter Research Network, Naples, Italy
| | - A. M. V. Pipicelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, “A. Gemelli” Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Mambro
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Pertini General Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Monici
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, ASA Campus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - P. Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
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