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Duan M, Plemel RL, Takenaka T, Lin A, Delgado BM, Nattermann U, Nickerson DP, Mima J, Miller EA, Merz AJ. SNARE chaperone Sly1 directly mediates close-range vesicle tethering. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202001032. [PMID: 38478018 PMCID: PMC10943277 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The essential Golgi protein Sly1 is a member of the Sec1/mammalian Unc-18 (SM) family of SNARE chaperones. Sly1 was originally identified through remarkable gain-of-function alleles that bypass requirements for diverse vesicle tethering factors. Employing genetic analyses and chemically defined reconstitutions of ER-Golgi fusion, we discovered that a loop conserved among Sly1 family members is not only autoinhibitory but also acts as a positive effector. An amphipathic lipid packing sensor (ALPS)-like helix within the loop directly binds high-curvature membranes. Membrane binding is required for relief of Sly1 autoinhibition and also allows Sly1 to directly tether incoming vesicles to the Qa-SNARE on the target organelle. The SLY1-20 mutation bypasses requirements for diverse tethering factors but loses this ability if the tethering activity is impaired. We propose that long-range tethers, including Golgins and multisubunit tethering complexes, hand off vesicles to Sly1, which then tethers at close range to initiate trans-SNARE complex assembly and fusion in the early secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachael L. Plemel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ariel Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | | | - Una Nattermann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Biophysics, Structure, and Design Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Joji Mima
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Alexey J. Merz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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2
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Andhare D, Ragusa MJ. A new GUV-based assay to reconstitute membrane tethering in vitro demonstrates the vesicle tethering ability of the selective autophagy scaffold Atg11. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.19.572332. [PMID: 38187578 PMCID: PMC10769207 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.572332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Membrane tethering is essential for the generation of organelle contact sites and to anchor incoming vesicles to their target membranes before vesicle fusion. During autophagy in yeast, tethering of 30 nm vesicles to cargo is one of the first steps in the generation of the isolation membrane that engulfs the cargo to be degraded. While membrane tethering is critical for cellular function, many of the current biochemical techniques to assay for membrane tethering rely on indirect readouts and are limited in their ability to monitor protein localization at sites of tethering. As such, we developed a fluorescence-microscopy-based GUV liposome tethering assay (GLT) to directly visualize membrane tethering and monitor protein localization at tethering sites simultaneously. We initially used GLT with engineered membrane tethers to demonstrate the ease of use, versatility and sensitivity of the assay. We also demonstrated that the selective autophagy scaffolding protein Atg11 can bind, and tether negatively charged membranes but is unable to bind GUVs mimicking the charge of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Atg11 instead requires the selective autophagy receptor Atg32 to be recruited to mitochondrial membranes. Lastly, we demonstrate that Atg11 bound to Atg32 on GUVs can tether negatively charged vesicles to GUVs. Collectively, our results reconstitute one of the first steps during the initiation of mitochondrial autophagy and highlight the versatility of GLT to study a range of membrane tethering events biochemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Andhare
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Michael J Ragusa
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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3
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Abstract
Cargo delivery from one compartment to the next relies on the fusion of vesicles with different cellular organelles in a process that requires the concerted action of tethering factors. Although all tethers act to bridge vesicle membranes to mediate fusion, they form very diverse groups as they differ in composition, and in their overall architecture and size, as well as their protein interactome. However, their conserved function relies on a common design. Recent data on class C Vps complexes indicates that tethers play a significant role in membrane fusion beyond vesicle capturing. Furthermore, these studies provide additional mechanistic insights into membrane fusion events and reveal that tethers should be considered as key players of the fusion machinery. Moreover, the discovery of the novel tether FERARI complex has changed our understanding of cargo transport in the endosomal system as it has been shown to mediate 'kiss-and-run' vesicle-target membrane interactions. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we compare the structure of the coiled-coil and the multisubunit CATCHR and class C Vps tether families on the basis of their functional analogy. We discuss the mechanism of membrane fusion, and summarize how tethers capture vesicles, mediate membrane fusion at different cellular compartments and regulate cargo traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Spang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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4
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PKD-dependent PARP12-catalyzed mono-ADP-ribosylation of Golgin-97 is required for E-cadherin transport from Golgi to plasma membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2026494119. [PMID: 34969853 PMCID: PMC8740581 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026494119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is a posttranslational modification involved in key regulatory events catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs). Substrate identification and localization of the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP12 at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) hinted at the involvement of ARTs in intracellular traffic. We find that Golgin-97, a TGN protein required for the formation and transport of a specific class of basolateral cargoes (e.g., E-cadherin and vesicular stomatitis virus G protein [VSVG]), is a PARP12 substrate. PARP12 targets an acidic cluster in the Golgin-97 coiled-coil domain essential for function. Its mutation or PARP12 depletion, delays E-cadherin and VSVG export and leads to a defect in carrier fission, hence in transport, with consequent accumulation of cargoes in a trans-Golgi/Rab11-positive intermediate compartment. In contrast, PARP12 does not control the Golgin-245-dependent traffic of cargoes such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Thus, the transport of different basolateral proteins to the plasma membrane is differentially regulated by Golgin-97 mono-ADP-ribosylation by PARP12. This identifies a selective regulatory mechanism acting on the transport of Golgin-97- vs. Golgin-245-dependent cargoes. Of note, PARP12 enzymatic activity, and consequently Golgin-97 mono-ADP-ribosylation, depends on the activation of protein kinase D (PKD) at the TGN during traffic. PARP12 is directly phosphorylated by PKD, and this is essential to stimulate PARP12 catalytic activity. PARP12 is therefore a component of the PKD-driven regulatory cascade that selectively controls a major branch of the basolateral transport pathway. We propose that through this mechanism, PARP12 contributes to the maintenance of E-cadherin-mediated cell polarity and cell-cell junctions.
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5
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Mrestani A, Pauli M, Kollmannsberger P, Repp F, Kittel RJ, Eilers J, Doose S, Sauer M, Sirén AL, Heckmann M, Paul MM. Active zone compaction correlates with presynaptic homeostatic potentiation. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109770. [PMID: 34610300 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter release is stabilized by homeostatic plasticity. Presynaptic homeostatic potentiation (PHP) operates on timescales ranging from minute- to life-long adaptations and likely involves reorganization of presynaptic active zones (AZs). At Drosophila melanogaster neuromuscular junctions, earlier work ascribed AZ enlargement by incorporating more Bruchpilot (Brp) scaffold protein a role in PHP. We use localization microscopy (direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy [dSTORM]) and hierarchical density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (HDBSCAN) to study AZ plasticity during PHP at the synaptic mesoscale. We find compaction of individual AZs in acute philanthotoxin-induced and chronic genetically induced PHP but unchanged copy numbers of AZ proteins. Compaction even occurs at the level of Brp subclusters, which move toward AZ centers, and in Rab3 interacting molecule (RIM)-binding protein (RBP) subclusters. Furthermore, correlative confocal and dSTORM imaging reveals how AZ compaction in PHP translates into apparent increases in AZ area and Brp protein content, as implied earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achmed Mrestani
- Institute for Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Pauli
- Institute for Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philip Kollmannsberger
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Repp
- Institute for Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert J Kittel
- Institute for Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Biology, Department of Animal Physiology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Eilers
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sören Doose
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Leena Sirén
- Institute for Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Heckmann
- Institute for Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Mila M Paul
- Institute for Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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6
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Retromer dependent changes in cellular homeostasis and Parkinson's disease. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:987-998. [PMID: 34528672 PMCID: PMC8709886 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To date, mechanistic treatments targeting the initial cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) are limited due to the underlying biological cause(s) been unclear. Endosomes and their associated cellular homeostasis processes have emerged to have a significant role in the pathophysiology associated with PD. Several variants within retromer complex have been identified and characterised within familial PD patients. The retromer complex represents a key sorting platform within the endosomal system that regulates cargo sorting that maintains cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarise the current understandings of how PD-associated retromer variants disrupt cellular trafficking and how the retromer complex can interact with other PD-associated genes to contribute to the disease progression.
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7
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Mima J. Self-assemblies of Rab- and Arf-family small GTPases on lipid bilayers in membrane tethering. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:531-539. [PMID: 34471437 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases of the Ras superfamily, which include Ras-, Rho-, Rab-, Arf-, and Ran-family isoforms, are generally known to function as a nucleotide-dependent molecular switch in eukaryotic cells. In the GTP-loaded forms, they selectively recruit their cognate interacting proteins or protein complexes, termed "effectors," to the cytoplasmic face of subcellular membrane compartments, thereby switching on the downstream effector functions, which are vital for fundamental cellular events, such as cell proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, and intracellular membrane trafficking. Nevertheless, in addition to acting as the classic nucleotide-dependent switches for the effectors, recent studies have uncovered that small GTPases themselves can be self-assembled specifically into homo-dimers or higher-order oligomers on membranes, and these assembly processes are likely responsible for their physiological functions. This Review focuses particularly on the self-assembly processes of Rab- and Arf-family isoforms during membrane tethering, the most critical step to ensure the fidelity of membrane trafficking. A summary of the current experimental evidence for self-assemblies of Rab and Arf small GTPases on lipid bilayers in chemically defined reconstitution system is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Mima
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
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8
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Capitani N, Baldari CT. F-Actin Dynamics in the Regulation of Endosomal Recycling and Immune Synapse Assembly. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:670882. [PMID: 34249926 PMCID: PMC8265274 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins endocytosed at the cell surface as vesicular cargoes are sorted at early endosomes for delivery to lysosomes for degradation or alternatively recycled to different cellular destinations. Cargo recycling is orchestrated by multimolecular complexes that include the retromer, retriever, and the WASH complex, which promote the polymerization of new actin filaments at early endosomes. These endosomal actin pools play a key role at different steps of the recycling process, from cargo segregation to specific endosomal subdomains to the generation and mobility of tubulo-vesicular transport carriers. Local F-actin pools also participate in the complex redistribution of endomembranes and organelles that leads to the acquisition of cell polarity. Here, we will present an overview of the contribution of endosomal F-actin to T-cell polarization during assembly of the immune synapse, a specialized membrane domain that T cells form at the contact with cognate antigen-presenting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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9
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Ueda S, Tamura N, Mima J. Membrane Tethering Potency of Rab-Family Small GTPases Is Defined by the C-Terminal Hypervariable Regions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577342. [PMID: 33102484 PMCID: PMC7554592 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane tethering is a crucial step to determine the spatiotemporal specificity of secretory and endocytic trafficking pathways in all eukaryotic endomembrane systems. Recent biochemical studies by a chemically-defined reconstitution approach reveal that, in addition to the structurally-diverse classic tethering factors such as coiled-coil tethering proteins and multisubunit tethering complexes, Rab-family small GTPases also retain the inherent membrane tethering functions to directly and physically bridge two distinct lipid bilayers by themselves. Although Rab-mediated membrane tethering reactions are fairly efficient and specific in the physiological context, its mechanistic basis is yet to be understood. Here, to explore whether and how the intrinsic tethering potency of Rab GTPases is controlled by their C-terminal hypervariable region (HVR) domains that link the conserved small GTPase domains (G-domains) to membrane anchors at the C-terminus, we quantitatively compared tethering activities of two representative Rab isoforms in humans (Rab5a, Rab4a) and their HVR-deleted mutant forms. Strikingly, deletion of the HVR linker domains enabled both Rab5a and Rab4a isoforms to enhance their intrinsic tethering potency, exhibiting 5- to 50-fold higher initial velocities of tethering for the HVR-deleted mutants than those for the full-length, wild-type Rabs. Furthermore, we revealed that the tethering activity of full-length Rab5a was significantly reduced by the omission of anionic lipids and cholesterol from membrane lipids and, however, membrane tethering driven by HVR-deleted Rab5a mutant was completely insensitive to the headgroup composition of lipids. Reconstituted membrane tethering assays with the C-terminally-truncated mutants of Rab4a further uncovered that the N-terminal residues in the HVR linker, located adjacent to the G-domain, are critical for regulating the intrinsic tethering activity. In conclusion, our current findings establish that the non-conserved, flexible C-terminal HVR linker domains define membrane tethering potency of Rab-family small GTPases through controlling the close attachment of the globular G-domains to membrane surfaces, which confers the active tethering-competent state of the G-domains on lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Ueda
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Tamura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Joji Mima
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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10
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Tu Y, Zhao L, Billadeau DD, Jia D. Endosome-to-TGN Trafficking: Organelle-Vesicle and Organelle-Organelle Interactions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:163. [PMID: 32258039 PMCID: PMC7093645 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) diverts proteins and lipids away from lysosomal degradation. It is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and signaling. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding this classical pathway, revealing new insights into multiple steps of vesicular trafficking as well as critical roles of ER-endosome contacts for endosomal trafficking. In this review, we summarize up-to-date knowledge about this trafficking pathway, in particular, mechanisms of cargo recognition at endosomes and vesicle tethering at the TGN, and contributions of ER-endosome contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Mattiazzi Usaj M, Sahin N, Friesen H, Pons C, Usaj M, Masinas MPD, Shuteriqi E, Shkurin A, Aloy P, Morris Q, Boone C, Andrews BJ. Systematic genetics and single-cell imaging reveal widespread morphological pleiotropy and cell-to-cell variability. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9243. [PMID: 32064787 PMCID: PMC7025093 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20199243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our ability to understand the genotype-to-phenotype relationship is hindered by the lack of detailed understanding of phenotypes at a single-cell level. To systematically assess cell-to-cell phenotypic variability, we combined automated yeast genetics, high-content screening and neural network-based image analysis of single cells, focussing on genes that influence the architecture of four subcellular compartments of the endocytic pathway as a model system. Our unbiased assessment of the morphology of these compartments-endocytic patch, actin patch, late endosome and vacuole-identified 17 distinct mutant phenotypes associated with ~1,600 genes (~30% of all yeast genes). Approximately half of these mutants exhibited multiple phenotypes, highlighting the extent of morphological pleiotropy. Quantitative analysis also revealed that incomplete penetrance was prevalent, with the majority of mutants exhibiting substantial variability in phenotype at the single-cell level. Our single-cell analysis enabled exploration of factors that contribute to incomplete penetrance and cellular heterogeneity, including replicative age, organelle inheritance and response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nil Sahin
- The Donnelly CentreUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | | | - Carles Pons
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute for Science and TechnologyBarcelona, CataloniaSpain
| | - Matej Usaj
- The Donnelly CentreUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | | | | | - Aleksei Shkurin
- The Donnelly CentreUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Patrick Aloy
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute for Science and TechnologyBarcelona, CataloniaSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)Barcelona, CataloniaSpain
| | - Quaid Morris
- The Donnelly CentreUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Computational and Systems Biology ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Charles Boone
- The Donnelly CentreUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource ScienceWakoSaitamaJapan
| | - Brenda J Andrews
- The Donnelly CentreUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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12
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Frederick JM, Hanke-Gogokhia C, Ying G, Baehr W. Diffuse or hitch a ride: how photoreceptor lipidated proteins get from here to there. Biol Chem 2019; 401:573-584. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Photoreceptors are polarized neurons, with specific subcellular compartmentalization and unique requirements for protein expression and trafficking. Each photoreceptor contains an outer segment (OS) where vision begins, an inner segment (IS) where protein synthesis occurs and a synaptic terminal for signal transmission to second-order neurons. The OS is a large, modified primary cilium attached to the IS by a slender connecting cilium (CC), the equivalent of the transition zone (TZ). Daily renewal of ~10% of the OS requires massive protein biosynthesis in the IS with reliable transport and targeting pathways. Transport of lipidated (‘sticky’) proteins depends on solubilization factors, phosphodiesterase δ (PDEδ) and uncoordinated protein-119 (UNC119), and the cargo dispensation factor (CDF), Arf-like protein 3-guanosine triphosphate (ARL3-GTP). As PDE6 and transducin still reside prominently in the OS of PDEδ and UNC119 germline knockout mice, respectively, we propose the existence of an alternate trafficking pathway, whereby lipidated proteins migrate in rhodopsin-containing vesicles of the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M. Frederick
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Utah Health Science Center , 65 Mario Capecchi Drive , Salt Lake City , UT 84132 , USA
| | - Christin Hanke-Gogokhia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Utah Health Science Center , 65 Mario Capecchi Drive , Salt Lake City , UT 84132 , USA
| | - Guoxin Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Utah Health Science Center , 65 Mario Capecchi Drive , Salt Lake City , UT 84132 , USA
| | - Wolfgang Baehr
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Utah Health Science Center , 65 Mario Capecchi Drive , Salt Lake City , UT 84132 , USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT 84112 , USA
- Department of Biology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT 84132 , USA
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13
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Bassaganyas L, Popa SJ, Horlbeck M, Puri C, Stewart SE, Campelo F, Ashok A, Butnaru CM, Brouwers N, Heydari K, Ripoche J, Weissman J, Rubinsztein DC, Schekman R, Malhotra V, Moreau K, Villeneuve J. New factors for protein transport identified by a genome-wide CRISPRi screen in mammalian cells. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3861-3879. [PMID: 31488582 PMCID: PMC6829651 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201902028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein and membrane trafficking pathways are critical for cell and tissue homeostasis. Traditional genetic and biochemical approaches have shed light on basic principles underlying these processes. However, the list of factors required for secretory pathway function remains incomplete, and mechanisms involved in their adaptation poorly understood. Here, we present a powerful strategy based on a pooled genome-wide CRISPRi screen that allowed the identification of new factors involved in protein transport. Two newly identified factors, TTC17 and CCDC157, localized along the secretory pathway and were found to interact with resident proteins of ER-Golgi membranes. In addition, we uncovered that upon TTC17 knockdown, the polarized organization of Golgi cisternae was altered, creating glycosylation defects, and that CCDC157 is an important factor for the fusion of transport carriers to Golgi membranes. In conclusion, our work identified and characterized new actors in the mechanisms of protein transport and secretion and opens stimulating perspectives for the use of our platform in physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bassaganyas
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephanie J Popa
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Max Horlbeck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Claudia Puri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah E Stewart
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix Campelo
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Anupama Ashok
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian M Butnaru
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Photonic Investigations, Center of Advanced Laser Technologies, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele, Romania
| | - Nathalie Brouwers
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jean Ripoche
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U1026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jonathan Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Randy Schekman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin Moreau
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julien Villeneuve
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Fakhree MAA, Blum C, Claessens MMAE. Shaping membranes with disordered proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 677:108163. [PMID: 31672499 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins control and shape membrane trafficking processes. The role of protein structure in shaping cellular membranes is well established. However, a significant fraction of membrane proteins is disordered or contains long disordered regions. It becomes more and more clear that these disordered regions contribute to the function of membrane proteins. While the fold of a structured protein is essential for its function, being disordered seems to be a crucial feature of membrane bound intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions. Here we outline the motifs that encode function in disordered proteins and discuss how these functional motifs enable disordered proteins to modulate membrane properties. These changes in membrane properties facilitate and regulate membrane trafficking processes which are highly abundant in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Blum
- Nanobiophysics Group, University of Twente, 7522, NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
Muschalik and Munro introduce golgins and their roles as vesicle tethers and scaffolds at the Golgi.
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16
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Ishida M, Bonifacino JS. ARFRP1 functions upstream of ARL1 and ARL5 to coordinate recruitment of distinct tethering factors to the trans-Golgi network. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3681-3696. [PMID: 31575603 PMCID: PMC6829661 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SNARE-mediated fusion of endosome-derived transport carriers with the trans-Golgi network (TGN) depends on the concerted action of two types of tethering factors: long coiled-coil tethers of the golgin family, and the heterotetrameric complex GARP. Whereas the golgins mediate long-distance capture of the carriers, GARP promotes assembly of the SNAREs. It remains to be determined, however, how the functions of these tethering factors are coordinated. Herein we report that the ARF-like (ARL) GTPase ARFRP1 functions upstream of two other ARL GTPases, ARL1 and ARL5, which in turn recruit golgins and GARP, respectively, to the TGN. We also show that this mechanism is essential for the delivery of retrograde cargos to the TGN. Our findings thus demonstrate that ARFRP1 is a master regulator of retrograde-carrier tethering to the TGN. The coordinated recruitment of distinct tethering factors by a bifurcated GTPase cascade may be paradigmatic of other vesicular fusion events within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morié Ishida
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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17
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Jain BK, Dahara R, Bhattacharyya D. The golgin PpImh1 mediates reversible cisternal stacking in the Golgi of the budding yeast Pichia pastoris. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.230672. [PMID: 31391238 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesive force for cisternal stacking of Golgi needs to be reversible - to be initiated and undone in a continuous cycle to keep up with the cisternal maturation. Microscopic evidence in support of such a reversible nature of stacking, in the form of 'TGN peeling,' has been reported in various species, suggesting a potential evolutionarily conserved mechanism. However, knowledge of such mechanism has remained sketchy. Here, we have explored this issue in the budding yeast Pichia pastoris which harbors stacked Golgi. We observed that deletion of GRIP domain golgin P. pastoris (Pp)IMH1 increases the peeling of late cisterna, causing unstacking of the Golgi stack. Our results suggest that the PpImh1 dimer mediates reversible stacking through a continuous association-dissociation cycle of its GRIP domain to the middle and late Golgi cisterna under the GTP hydrolysis-based regulation of Arl3-Arl1 GTPase cascade switch. The reversible cisternal stacking function of PpImh1 is independent of its vesicle-capturing function. Since GRIP domain proteins are conserved in plants, animals and fungi, it is plausible that this reversible mechanism of Golgi stacking is evolutionarily conserved.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawik Kumar Jain
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210 MH, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH 400085, India
| | - Roma Dahara
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210 MH, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH 400085, India
| | - Dibyendu Bhattacharyya
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210 MH, India .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH 400085, India
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18
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Cruz MD, Kim K. The inner workings of intracellular heterotypic and homotypic membrane fusion mechanisms. J Biosci 2019; 44:91. [PMID: 31502569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking is a field that has been intensively studied for years and yet there remains much to be learned. Part of the reason that there is so much obscurity remaining in this field is due to all the pathways and the stages that define cellular trafficking. One of the major steps in cellular trafficking is fusion. Fusion is defined as the terminal step that occurs when a cargo-laden vesicle arrives at the proper destination. There are two types of fusion within a cell: homotypic and heterotypic fusion. Homotypic fusion occurs when the two membranes merging together are of the same type such as vacuole to vacuole fusion. Heterotypic fusion occurs when the two membranes at play are of different types such as when an endosomal membrane fuses with a Golgi membrane. In this review, we will focus on all the protein components - Rabs, Golgins, Multisubunit tethers, GTPases, protein phosphatases and SNAREs - that have been known to function in both of these types of fusion. We hope to develop a model of how all of these constituents function together to achieve membrane fusion. Membrane fusion is a biological process absolutely necessary for proper intracellular trafficking. Due to the degree of importance multiple proteins are required for it to be properly carried through. Whether we are talking about heterotypic or homotypic fusion, any defects in the fusion machinery can result in disease states such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Although much research has significantly expanded our knowledge of fusion, there is still much more to be learned.
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19
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Delgado Cruz M, Kim K. The inner workings of intracellular heterotypic and homotypic membrane fusion mechanisms. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Yang X, Liao CY, Tang J, Bassham DC. Overexpression of trans-Golgi network t-SNAREs rescues vacuolar trafficking and TGN morphology defects in a putative tethering factor mutant. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:703-716. [PMID: 31009161 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The trans-Golgi network (TGN) is a major site for sorting of cargo to either the vacuole or apoplast. The TGN-localized coiled-coil protein TNO1 is a putative tethering factor that interacts with the TGN t-SNARE SYP41 and is required for correct localization of the SYP61 t-SNARE. An Arabidopsis thaliana tno1 mutant is hypersensitive to salt stress and partially mislocalizes vacuolar proteins to the apoplast, indicating a role in vacuolar trafficking. Here, we show that overexpression of SYP41 or SYP61 significantly increases SYP41-SYP61 complex formation in a tno1 mutant, and rescues the salt sensitivity and defective vacuolar trafficking of the tno1 mutant. The TGN is disrupted and vesicle budding from Golgi cisternae is reduced in the tno1 mutant, and these defects are also rescued by overexpression of SYP41 or SYP61. Our results suggest that the trafficking and Golgi morphology defects caused by loss of TNO1 can be rescued by increasing SYP41-SYP61 t-SNARE complex formation, implicating TNO1 as a tethering factor mediating efficient vesicle fusion at the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Liao
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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21
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Zucchetti AE, Bataille L, Carpier JM, Dogniaux S, San Roman-Jouve M, Maurin M, Stuck MW, Rios RM, Baldari CT, Pazour GJ, Hivroz C. Tethering of vesicles to the Golgi by GMAP210 controls LAT delivery to the immune synapse. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2864. [PMID: 31253807 PMCID: PMC6599081 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The T cell immune synapse is a site of intense vesicular trafficking. Here we show that the golgin GMAP210, known to capture vesicles and organize membrane traffic at the Golgi, is involved in the vesicular transport of LAT to the immune synapse. Upon activation, more GMAP210 interact with LAT-containing vesicles and go together with LAT to the immune synapse. Regulating LAT recruitment and LAT-dependent signaling, GMAP210 controls T cell activation. Using a rerouting and capture assay, we show that GMAP210 captures VAMP7-decorated vesicles. Overexpressing different domains of GMAP210, we also show that GMAP210 allows their specific delivery to the immune synapse by tethering LAT-vesicles to the Golgi. Finally, in a model of ectopic expression of LAT in ciliated cells, we show that GMAP210 tethering activity controls the delivery of LAT to the cilium. Hence, our results reveal a function for the golgin GMAP210 conveying specific vesicles to the immune synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Ernesto Zucchetti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Laurence Bataille
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Marie Carpier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Immunobiology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Stéphanie Dogniaux
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Mabel San Roman-Jouve
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Michael W Stuck
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Rosa M Rios
- Cell Dynamics and Signaling Department, CABIMER-CSIC/US/UPO, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Claire Hivroz
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.
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22
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Lowe M. The Physiological Functions of the Golgin Vesicle Tethering Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:94. [PMID: 31316978 PMCID: PMC6611411 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The golgins comprise a family of vesicle tethering proteins that act in a selective manner to tether transport vesicles at the Golgi apparatus. Tethering is followed by membrane fusion to complete the delivery of vesicle-bound cargo to the Golgi. Different golgins are localized to different regions of the Golgi, and their ability to selectively tether transport vesicles is important for the specificity of vesicle traffic in the secretory pathway. In recent years, our mechanistic understanding of golgin-mediated tethering has greatly improved. We are also beginning to appreciate how the loss of golgin function can impact upon physiological processes through the use of animal models and the study of human disease. These approaches have revealed that loss of a golgin causes tissue-restricted phenotypes, which can vary in severity and the cell types affected. In many cases, it is possible to attribute these phenotypes to a defect in vesicular traffic, although why certain tissues are sensitive to loss of a particular golgin is still, in most cases, unclear. Here, I will summarize recent progress in our understanding of golgins, focusing on the physiological roles of these proteins, as determined from animal models and the study of disease in humans. I will describe what these in vivo analyses have taught us, as well as highlight less understood aspects, and areas for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lowe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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23
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Caracci MO, Fuentealba LM, Marzolo MP. Golgi Complex Dynamics and Its Implication in Prevalent Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:75. [PMID: 31134199 PMCID: PMC6514153 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coupling of protein synthesis with protein delivery to distinct subcellular domains is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and defects thereof have consistently been shown to be associated with several diseases. This function is particularly challenging for neurons given their polarized nature and differential protein requirements in synaptic boutons, dendrites, axons, and soma. Long-range trafficking is greatly enhanced in neurons by discrete mini-organelles resembling the Golgi complex (GC) referred to as Golgi outposts (GOPs) which play an essential role in the development of dendritic arborization. In this context, the morphology of the GC is highly plastic, and the polarized distribution of this organelle is necessary for neuronal migration and polarized growth. Furthermore, synaptic components are readily trafficked and modified at GOP suggesting a function for this organelle in synaptic plasticity. However, little is known about GOPs properties and biogenesis and the role of GOP dysregulation in pathology. In this review, we discuss current literature supporting a role for GC dynamics in prevalent neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and epilepsy, and examine the association of these disorders with the wide-ranging effects of GC function on common cellular pathways regulating neuronal excitability, polarity, migration, and organellar stress. First, we discuss the role of Golgins and Golgi-associated proteins in the regulation of GC morphology and dynamics. Then, we consider abnormal GC arrangements observed in neurological disorders and associations with common neuronal defects therein. Finally, we consider the cell signaling pathways involved in the modulation of GC dynamics and argue for a master regulatory role for Reelin signaling, a well-known regulator of neuronal polarity and migration. Determining the cellular pathways involved in shaping the Golgi network will have a direct and profound impact on our current understanding of neurodevelopment and neuropathology and aid the development of novel therapeutic strategies for improved patient care and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario O Caracci
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luz M Fuentealba
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Paz Marzolo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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24
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Cao-Pham AH, Urano D, Ross-Elliott TJ, Jones AM. Nudge-nudge, WNK-WNK (kinases), say no more? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:35-48. [PMID: 29949669 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 35 I Overview of animal and plant WNK kinases 35 II. Structure: domains and topology 36 III. Phylogeny-evolutionary relationships 41 IV. Plant WNK kinase distribution and regulation of WNK expression and activity 41 V. Functions of WNK family members in physiology and development 41 VI. Say no more? Still many questions to be answered 45 Acknowledgements 46 References 46 SUMMARY: WITH NO LYSINE (WNK) kinases are serine/threonine kinases uniquely characterized by an anomalous placement of a catalytic lysine, hence their moniker. In animals, WNK protein kinases play critical roles in protein trafficking of components that mediate renal ion transport processes and regulate osmoregulation of cell volume. In plants, the WNK kinase gene family is larger and more diverse. Recent studies revealed WNK kinase roles in orchestrating the trafficking of an ion channel, a lipid kinase complex in animals, and a heterotrimeric G protein signaling component in plants that is necessary for signal transduction. For this reason, new attention is geared toward investigating the mechanisms adopted by WNK kinases to nudge intracellular proteins to their destinations. In this review, the functions of WNK kinases in protein trafficking are derived from what we have learned from the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. To place this new idea in context, we provide the predicted WNK kinase structures, their predicted expression patterns, a speculated evolutionary pathway, and the regulatory roles of plant WNKs in transport processes and other physiologies. We brazenly predict that the WNK kinases in both plants and animals will soon be recognized as a nexus for trafficking-based signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh H Cao-Pham
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Daisuke Urano
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Timothy J Ross-Elliott
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alan M Jones
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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25
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Wang J, Fedoseienko A, Chen B, Burstein E, Jia D, Billadeau DD. Endosomal receptor trafficking: Retromer and beyond. Traffic 2018; 19:578-590. [PMID: 29667289 PMCID: PMC6043395 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tubular endolysosomal network is a quality control system that ensures the proper delivery of internalized receptors to specific subcellular destinations in order to maintain cellular homeostasis. Although retromer was originally described in yeast as a regulator of endosome-to-Golgi receptor recycling, mammalian retromer has emerged as a central player in endosome-to-plasma membrane recycling of a variety of receptors. Over the past decade, information regarding the mechanism by which retromer facilitates receptor trafficking has emerged, as has the identification of numerous retromer-associated molecules including the WASH complex, sorting nexins (SNXs) and TBC1d5. Moreover, the recent demonstration that several SNXs can directly interact with retromer cargo to facilitate endosome-to-Golgi retrieval has provided new insight into how these receptors are trafficked in cells. The mechanism by which SNX17 cargoes are recycled out of the endosomal system was demonstrated to involve a retromer-like complex termed the retriever, which is recruited to WASH positive endosomes through an interaction with the COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93 (CCC) complex. Lastly, the mechanisms by which bacterial and viral pathogens highjack this complex sorting machinery in order to escape the endolysosomal system or remain hidden within the cells are beginning to emerge. In this review, we will highlight recent studies that have begun to unravel the intricacies by which the retromer and associated molecules contribute to receptor trafficking and how deregulation at this sorting domain can contribute to disease or facilitate pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neurology, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Alina Fedoseienko
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bayou Chen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neurology, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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26
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Endo C, Johnson TA, Morino R, Nakazono K, Kamitsuji S, Akita M, Kawajiri M, Yamasaki T, Kami A, Hoshi Y, Tada A, Ishikawa K, Hine M, Kobayashi M, Kurume N, Tsunemi Y, Kamatani N, Kawashima M. Genome-wide association study in Japanese females identifies fifteen novel skin-related trait associations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8974. [PMID: 29895819 PMCID: PMC5997657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin trait variation impacts quality-of-life, especially for females from the viewpoint of beauty. To investigate genetic variation related to these traits, we conducted a GWAS of various skin phenotypes in 11,311 Japanese women and identified associations for age-spots, freckles, double eyelids, straight/curly hair, eyebrow thickness, hairiness, and sweating. In silico annotation with RoadMap Epigenomics epigenetic state maps and colocalization analysis of GWAS and GTEx Project eQTL signals provided information about tissue specificity, candidate causal variants, and functional target genes. Novel signals for skin-spot traits neighboured AKAP1/MSI2 (rs17833789; P = 2.2 × 10-9), BNC2 (rs10810635; P = 2.1 × 10-22), HSPA12A (rs12259842; P = 7.1 × 10-11), PPARGC1B (rs251468; P = 1.3 × 10-21), and RAB11FIP2 (rs10444039; P = 5.6 × 10-21). HSPA12A SNPs were the only protein-coding gene eQTLs identified across skin-spot loci. Double edged eyelid analysis identified that a signal around EMX2 (rs12570134; P = 8.2 × 10-15) was also associated with expression of EMX2 and the antisense-RNA gene EMX2OS in brain putamen basal ganglia tissue. A known hair morphology signal in EDAR was associated with both eyebrow thickness (rs3827760; P = 1.7 × 10-9) and straight/curly hair (rs260643; P = 1.6 × 10-103). Excessive hairiness signals' top SNPs were also eQTLs for TBX15 (rs984225; P = 1.6 × 10-8), BCL2 (rs7226979; P = 7.3 × 10-11), and GCC2 and LIMS1 (rs6542772; P = 2.2 × 10-9). For excessive sweating, top variants in two signals in chr2:28.82-29.05 Mb (rs56089836; P = 1.7 × 10-11) were eQTLs for either PPP1CB or PLB1, while a top chr16:48.26-48.45 Mb locus SNP was a known ABCC11 missense variant (rs6500380; P = 6.8 × 10-10). In total, we identified twelve loci containing sixteen association signals, of which fifteen were novel. These findings will help dermatologic researchers better understand the genetic underpinnings of skin-related phenotypic variation in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Endo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | | | - Ryoko Morino
- EverGene Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Tatsuya Yamasaki
- Life Science Group, Healthcare Division, Department of Healthcare Business, MTI Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | - Azusa Kami
- EverGene Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | - Yuria Hoshi
- Life Science Group, Healthcare Division, Department of Healthcare Business, MTI Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | - Asami Tada
- EverGene Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | | | - Maaya Hine
- LunaLuna Division, Department of Healthcare Business, MTI Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | - Miki Kobayashi
- LunaLuna Division, Department of Healthcare Business, MTI Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | - Nami Kurume
- LunaLuna Division, Department of Healthcare Business, MTI Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-1435, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tsunemi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Kawashima
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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27
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Jain BK, Thapa PS, Varma A, Bhattacharyya D. Identification and characterization of GRIP domain Golgin Pp
Imh1 from Pichia pastoris. Yeast 2018; 35:499-506. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawik Kumar Jain
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer; Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar; Navi Mumbai 410210 MH India
- Training School Complex; Homi Bhabha National Institute; Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai MH 400085 India
| | - Pankaj Singh Thapa
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer; Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar; Navi Mumbai 410210 MH India
- Training School Complex; Homi Bhabha National Institute; Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai MH 400085 India
| | - Ashok Varma
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer; Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar; Navi Mumbai 410210 MH India
- Training School Complex; Homi Bhabha National Institute; Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai MH 400085 India
| | - Dibyendu Bhattacharyya
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer; Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar; Navi Mumbai 410210 MH India
- Training School Complex; Homi Bhabha National Institute; Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai MH 400085 India
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28
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Hsu RM, Zhong CY, Wang CL, Liao WC, Yang C, Lin SY, Lin JW, Cheng HY, Li PY, Yu CJ. Golgi tethering factor golgin-97 suppresses breast cancer cell invasiveness by modulating NF-κB activity. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:19. [PMID: 29703230 PMCID: PMC5923015 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Golgin-97 is a tethering factor in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and is crucial for vesicular trafficking and maintaining cell polarity. However, the significance of golgin-97 in human diseases such as cancer remains unclear. Methods We searched for a potential role of golgin-97 in cancers using Kaplan-Meier Plotter (http://kmplot.com) and Oncomine (www.oncomine.org) datasets. Specific functions of golgin-97 in migration and invasion were examined in golgin-97-knockdown and golgin-97-overexpressing cells. cDNA microarray, pathway analysis and qPCR were used to identify gene profiles regulated by golgin-97. The role of golgin-97 in NF-κB signaling pathway was examined by using subcellular fractionation, luciferase reporter assay, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Results We found that low expression of golgin-97 correlated with poor overall survival of cancer patients and was associated with invasiveness in breast cancer cells. Golgin-97 knockdown promoted cell migration and invasion, whereas re-expression of golgin-97 restored the above phenotypes in breast cancer cells. Microarray and pathway analyses revealed that golgin-97 knockdown induced the expression of several invasion-promoting genes that were transcriptionally regulated by NF-κB p65. Mechanistically, golgin-97 knockdown significantly reduced IκBα protein levels and activated NF-κB, whereas neither IκBα levels nor NF-κB activity was changed in TGN46- or GCC185-knockdown cells. Conversely, golgin-97 overexpression suppressed NF-κB activity and restored the levels of IκBα in golgin-97-knockdown cells. Interestingly, the results of Golgi-disturbing agent treatment revealed that the loss of Golgi integrity was not involved in the NF-κB activation induced by golgin-97 knockdown. Moreover, both TGN-bound and cytosolic golgin-97 inhibited NF-κB activation, indicating that golgin-97 functions as an NF-κB suppressor regardless of its subcellular localization. Conclusion Our results collectively demonstrate a novel and suppressive role of golgin-97 in cancer invasiveness. We also provide a new avenue for exploring the relationship between the TGN, golgin-97 and NF-κB signaling in tumor progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0230-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae-Mann Hsu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Yan Zhong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Liang Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Liao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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29
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Climer LK, Pokrovskaya ID, Blackburn JB, Lupashin VV. Membrane detachment is not essential for COG complex function. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:964-974. [PMID: 29467253 PMCID: PMC5896934 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-11-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
COG is a multisubunit vesicle tethering complex in the Golgi. We demonstrate that both COG subcomplexes can be permanently attached to Golgi membranes and that major COG functions do not require cycling between the membrane and cytosol. The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is a vesicle tether of the “complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods” family, which functions on the cytoplasmic side of Golgi. It is currently unknown whether COG function, or function of any multisubunit vesicular tether, depends on cycling between the membrane and cytosol. Therefore, we permanently anchored key subunits of COG subcomplexes (COG4, COG7, and COG8) to Golgi membranes using transmembrane protein TMEM115 (TMEM-COG). All TMEM-COG subunits tested were Golgi localized, integrated into the COG complex, and stabilized membrane association of endogenous subunits. Interestingly, TMEM-COG4 and TMEM-COG7 equally rescued COG function in organization of Golgi markers, glycosylation, and abundance of COG-sensitive proteins. In contrast, TMEM-COG8 was not as effective, indicating that N-terminal attachment of COG8 interfered with overall COG structure and function, and none of the TMEM-COG subunits rescued the abnormal Golgi architecture caused by COG knockout. Collectively, these data indicate that both subcomplexes of the COG complex can perform most of COG function when permanently attached to membranes and that the cytosolic pool of COG is not completely essential to COG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie K Climer
- College of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Irina D Pokrovskaya
- College of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Jessica B Blackburn
- College of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- College of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
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30
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Raote I, Ortega-Bellido M, Santos AJ, Foresti O, Zhang C, Garcia-Parajo MF, Campelo F, Malhotra V. TANGO1 builds a machine for collagen export by recruiting and spatially organizing COPII, tethers and membranes. eLife 2018. [PMID: 29513218 PMCID: PMC5851698 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) requires TANGO1, COPII coats, and retrograde fusion of ERGIC membranes. How do these components come together to produce a transport carrier commensurate with the bulky cargo collagen? TANGO1 is known to form a ring that corrals COPII coats, and we show here how this ring or fence is assembled. Our data reveal that a TANGO1 ring is organized by its radial interaction with COPII, and lateral interactions with cTAGE5, TANGO1-short or itself. Of particular interest is the finding that TANGO1 recruits ERGIC membranes for collagen export via the NRZ (NBAS/RINT1/ZW10) tether complex. Therefore, TANGO1 couples retrograde membrane flow to anterograde cargo transport. Without the NRZ complex, the TANGO1 ring does not assemble, suggesting its role in nucleating or stabilising this process. Thus, coordinated capture of COPII coats, cTAGE5, TANGO1-short, and tethers by TANGO1 assembles a collagen export machine at the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishier Raote
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Ortega-Bellido
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - António Jm Santos
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ombretta Foresti
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chong Zhang
- SIMBIOsys Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria F Garcia-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Barlow LD, Nývltová E, Aguilar M, Tachezy J, Dacks JB. A sophisticated, differentiated Golgi in the ancestor of eukaryotes. BMC Biol 2018; 16:27. [PMID: 29510703 PMCID: PMC5840792 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Golgi apparatus is a central meeting point for the endocytic and exocytic systems in eukaryotic cells, and the organelle's dysfunction results in human disease. Its characteristic morphology of multiple differentiated compartments organized into stacked flattened cisternae is one of the most recognizable features of modern eukaryotic cells, and yet how this is maintained is not well understood. The Golgi is also an ancient aspect of eukaryotes, but the extent and nature of its complexity in the ancestor of eukaryotes is unclear. Various proteins have roles in organizing the Golgi, chief among them being the golgins. RESULTS We address Golgi evolution by analyzing genome sequences from organisms which have lost stacked cisternae as a feature of their Golgi and those that have not. Using genomics and immunomicroscopy, we first identify Golgi in the anaerobic amoeba Mastigamoeba balamuthi. We then searched 87 genomes spanning eukaryotic diversity for presence of the most prominent proteins implicated in Golgi structure, focusing on golgins. We show some candidates as animal specific and others as ancestral to eukaryotes. CONCLUSIONS None of the proteins examined show a phyletic distribution that correlates with the morphology of stacked cisternae, suggesting the possibility of stacking as an emergent property. Strikingly, however, the combination of golgins conserved among diverse eukaryotes allows for the most detailed reconstruction of the organelle to date, showing a sophisticated Golgi with differentiated compartments and trafficking pathways in the common eukaryotic ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lael D Barlow
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 5-31 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Eva Nývltová
- Department of Parasitology (BIOCEV), Faculty of Science, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 42, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Rosenstiel Medical Science Building (RMSB) # 2067, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Maria Aguilar
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 5-31 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jan Tachezy
- Department of Parasitology (BIOCEV), Faculty of Science, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 42, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 5-31 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada. .,Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
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32
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Makaraci P, Kim K. trans-Golgi network-bound cargo traffic. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:137-149. [PMID: 29398202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cargo following the retrograde trafficking are sorted at endosomes to be targeted the trans-Golgi network (TGN), a central receiving organelle. Though molecular requirements and their interaction networks have been somewhat established, the complete understanding of the intricate nature of their action mechanisms in every step of the retrograde traffic pathway remains unachieved. This review focuses on elucidating known functions of key regulators, including scission factors at the endosome and tethering/fusion mediators at the receiving dock, TGN, as well as a diverse range of cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Makaraci
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, MO 65807, USA
| | - Kyoungtae Kim
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, MO 65807, USA.
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34
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TBC1D23 is a bridging factor for endosomal vesicle capture by golgins at the trans-Golgi. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1424-1432. [PMID: 29084197 PMCID: PMC5712222 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The specificity of membrane traffic involves tethers at destination organelles that selectively capture incoming transport vesicles to allow SNAREs on opposing membranes to then assemble and drive fusion1,2. Tethers include both protein complexes and long coiled-coil proteins, although how they contribute to specificity remains unclear3,4. The golgin coiled-coil proteins at the Golgi apparatus capture vesicles from different origins, but the vesicle-specific molecular cues that they recognise are unknown5–8. Vesicle tethering is typically a transient process and so challenging to interrogate in vivo. We have thus used a system where an ectopic golgin causes vesicles to accumulate in a tethered state. By applying proximity biotinylation to the golgin-captured vesicles we identify TBC1D23, an apparently catalytically inactive member of a family of Rab GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), as a vesicle-golgin adaptor that is required for endosome-to-Golgi traffic. The Rab-GAP domain of TBC1D23 binds to a conserved motif at the tip of golgin-245 and golgin-97 at the trans-Golgi, while the C-terminus binds to the WASH complex on endosome-derived vesicles. Thus TBC1D23 is a specificity determinant that links vesicle to target membrane during endosome-to-Golgi trafficking.
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35
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Witkos TM, Lowe M. Recognition and tethering of transport vesicles at the Golgi apparatus. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 47:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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Vitale A, Pedrazzini E. Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus: old friends, novel intimate relationships. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3283-3285. [PMID: 28859381 PMCID: PMC5853868 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Osterrieder A, Sparkes IA, Botchway SW, Ward A, Ketelaar T, de Ruijter N, Hawes C. 2017. Stacks off tracks: a role for the golgin AtCASP in plant endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi apparatus tethering. Journal of Experimental Botany 68, 3339–3350.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vitale
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, CNR, Milano, Italy, European Union
| | - Emanuela Pedrazzini
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, CNR, Milano, Italy, European Union
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37
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Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) and ADP-ribosylation factor-like proteins (Arls) are highly conserved small GTPases that function as main regulators of vesicular trafficking and cytoskeletal reorganization. Arl1, the first identified member of the large Arl family, is an important regulator of Golgi complex structure and function in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. Together with its effectors, Arl1 has been shown to be involved in several cellular processes, including endosomal trans-Golgi network and secretory trafficking, lipid droplet and salivary granule formation, innate immunity and neuronal development, stress tolerance, as well as the response of the unfolded protein. In this Commentary, we provide a comprehensive summary of the Arl1-dependent cellular functions and a detailed characterization of several Arl1 effectors. We propose that involvement of Arl1 in these diverse cellular functions reflects the fact that Arl1 is activated at several late-Golgi sites, corresponding to specific molecular complexes that respond to and integrate multiple signals. We also provide insight into how the GTP-GDP cycle of Arl1 is regulated, and highlight a newly discovered mechanism that controls the sophisticated regulation of Arl1 activity at the Golgi complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Yu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Jen S Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan .,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
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38
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Saimani U, Kim K. Traffic from the endosome towards trans-Golgi network. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:198-205. [PMID: 28256269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde passage of a transport carrier entails cargo sorting at the endosome, generation of a cargo-laden carrier and its movement along cytoskeletal tracks towards trans-Golgi network (TGN), tethering at the TGN, and fusion with the Golgi membrane. Significant advances have been made in understanding this traffic system, revealing molecular requirements in each step and the functional connection between them as well as biomedical implication of the dysregulation of those important traffic factors. This review focuses on describing up-to-date action mechanisms for retrograde transport from the endosomal system to the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Saimani
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65807, United States
| | - Kyoungtae Kim
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65807, United States.
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39
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Chen CH, Lo RW, Urban D, Pluthero FG, Kahr WHA. α-granule biogenesis: from disease to discovery. Platelets 2017; 28:147-154. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1280599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard W. Lo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Denisa Urban
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fred G. Pluthero
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter H. A. Kahr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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40
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Wong M, Gillingham AK, Munro S. The golgin coiled-coil proteins capture different types of transport carriers via distinct N-terminal motifs. BMC Biol 2017; 15:3. [PMID: 28122620 PMCID: PMC5267433 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The internal organization of cells depends on mechanisms to ensure that transport carriers, such as vesicles, fuse only with the correct destination organelle. Several types of proteins have been proposed to confer specificity to this process, and we have recently shown that a set of coiled-coil proteins on the Golgi, called golgins, are able to capture specific classes of carriers when relocated to an ectopic location. Results Mapping of six different golgins reveals that, in each case, a short 20–50 residue region is necessary and sufficient to capture specific carriers. In all six of GMAP-210, golgin-84, TMF, golgin-97, golgin-245, and GCC88, this region is located at the extreme N-terminus of the protein. The vesicle-capturing regions of GMAP-210, golgin-84, and TMF capture intra-Golgi vesicles and share some sequence features, suggesting that they act in a related, if distinct, manner. In the case of GMAP-210, this shared feature is in addition to a previously characterized “amphipathic lipid-packing sensor” motif that can capture highly curved membranes, with the two motifs being apparently involved in capturing distinct types of vesicles. Of the three GRIP domain golgins that capture endosome-to-Golgi carriers, golgin-97 and golgin-245 share a closely related capture motif, whereas that in GCC88 is distinct, suggesting that it works by a different mechanism and raising the possibility that the three golgins capture different classes of endosome-derived carriers that share many cargos but have distinct features for recognition at the Golgi. Conclusions For six different golgins, the capture of carriers is mediated by a short region at the N-terminus of the protein. There appear to be at least four different types of motif, consistent with specific golgins capturing specific classes of carrier and implying the existence of distinct receptors present on each of these different carrier classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Wong
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Alison K Gillingham
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sean Munro
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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41
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Climer LK, Hendrix RD, Lupashin VV. Conserved Oligomeric Golgi and Neuronal Vesicular Trafficking. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 245:227-247. [PMID: 29063274 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is an evolutionary conserved multi-subunit vesicle tethering complex essential for the majority of Golgi apparatus functions: protein and lipid glycosylation and protein sorting. COG is present in neuronal cells, but the repertoire of COG function in different Golgi-like compartments is an enigma. Defects in COG subunits cause alteration of Golgi morphology, protein trafficking, and glycosylation resulting in human congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) type II. In this review we summarize and critically analyze recent advances in the function of Golgi and Golgi-like compartments in neuronal cells and functions and dysfunctions of the COG complex and its partner proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie K Climer
- College of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rachel D Hendrix
- College of Medicine, Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
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42
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Ranftler C, Meisslitzer-Ruppitsch C, Neumüller J, Ellinger A, Pavelka M. Golgi apparatus dis- and reorganizations studied with the aid of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and visualized by 3D-electron tomography. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:415-438. [PMID: 27975144 PMCID: PMC5359389 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We studied Golgi apparatus disorganizations and reorganizations in human HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells by using the nonmetabolizable glucose analogue 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) and analyzing the changes in Golgi stack architectures by 3D-electron tomography. Golgi stacks remodel in response to 2DG-treatment and are replaced by tubulo-glomerular Golgi bodies, from which mini-Golgi stacks emerge again after removal of 2DG. The Golgi stack changes correlate with the measured ATP-values. Our findings indicate that the classic Golgi stack architecture is impeded, while cells are under the influence of 2DG at constantly low ATP-levels, but the Golgi apparatus is maintained in forms of the Golgi bodies and Golgi stacks can be rebuilt as soon as 2DG is removed. The 3D-electron microscopic results highlight connecting regions that interlink membrane compartments in all phases of Golgi stack reorganizations and show that the compact Golgi bodies mainly consist of continuous intertwined tubules. Connections and continuities point to possible new transport pathways that could substitute for other modes of traffic. The changing architectures visualized in this work reflect Golgi stack dynamics that may be essential for basic cell physiologic and pathologic processes and help to learn, how cells respond to conditions of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ranftler
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Josef Neumüller
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adolf Ellinger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Pavelka
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Dubuke ML, Munson M. The Secret Life of Tethers: The Role of Tethering Factors in SNARE Complex Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:42. [PMID: 27243006 PMCID: PMC4860414 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Trafficking in eukaryotic cells is a tightly regulated process to ensure correct cargo delivery to the proper destination organelle or plasma membrane. In this review, we focus on how the vesicle fusion machinery, the SNARE complex, is regulated by the interplay of the multisubunit tethering complexes (MTC) with the SNAREs and Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins. Although these factors are used in different stages of membrane trafficking, e.g., Golgi to plasma membrane transport vs. vacuolar fusion, and in a variety of diverse eukaryotic cell types, many commonalities between their functions are being revealed. We explore the various protein-protein interactions and findings from functional reconstitution studies in order to highlight both their common features and the differences in their modes of regulation. These studies serve as a starting point for mechanistic explorations in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Dubuke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA USA
| | - Mary Munson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA USA
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