1
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Vidal PJ, Pérez AP, Yahya G, Aldea M. Transcriptomic balance and optimal growth are determined by cell size. Mol Cell 2024:S1097-2765(24)00581-1. [PMID: 39084218 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Cell size and growth are intimately related across the evolutionary scale, but whether cell size is important to attain maximal growth or fitness is still an open question. We show that growth rate is a non-monotonic function of cell volume, with maximal values around the critical size of wild-type yeast cells. The transcriptome of yeast and mouse cells undergoes a relative inversion in response to cell size, which we associate theoretically and experimentally with the necessary genome-wide diversity in RNA polymerase II affinity for promoters. Although highly expressed genes impose strong negative effects on fitness when the DNA/mass ratio is reduced, transcriptomic alterations mimicking the relative inversion by cell size strongly restrain cell growth. In all, our data indicate that cells set the critical size to obtain a properly balanced transcriptome and, as a result, maximize growth and fitness during proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Vidal
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alexis P Pérez
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Galal Yahya
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Martí Aldea
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.
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2
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Lim J. Broad toxicological effects of per-/poly- fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on the unicellular eukaryote, Tetrahymena pyriformis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103954. [PMID: 35948183 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per-/Poly- fluoroalkyl substances represent emerging persistent organic pollutants. Their toxic effects can be broad, yet little attention has been given to organisms at the microscale. To address this knowledge shortfall, the unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena pyriformis was exposed to increasing concentrations (0-5000 μM) of PFOA/PFOS and monitored for cellular motility, division and function (i.e., phagocytosis), reactive oxygen species generation and total protein levels. Both PFOA/PFOS exposure had negative impacts on T. pyriformis, including reduced motility, delayed cell division and oxidative imbalance, with each chemical having distinct toxicological profiles. T. pyriformis represents a promising candidate for assessing the biological effects these emerging anthropogenically-derived contaminants in a freshwater setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenson Lim
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
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3
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High-resolution mass measurements of single budding yeast reveal linear growth segments. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3483. [PMID: 35732645 PMCID: PMC9217925 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of cell growth has fundamental physiological, biotechnological and medical implications. However, methods that can continuously monitor individual cells at sufficient mass and time resolution hardly exist. Particularly, detecting the mass of individual microbial cells, which are much smaller than mammalian cells, remains challenging. Here, we modify a previously described cell balance ('picobalance') to monitor the proliferation of single cells of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, under culture conditions in real time. Combined with optical microscopy to monitor the yeast morphology and cell cycle phase, the picobalance approaches a total mass resolution of 0.45 pg. Our results show that single budding yeast cells (S/G2/M phase) increase total mass in multiple linear segments sequentially, switching their growth rates. The growth rates weakly correlate with the cell mass of the growth segments, and the duration of each growth segment correlates negatively with cell mass. We envision that our technology will be useful for direct, accurate monitoring of the growth of single cells throughout their cycle.
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4
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Dawson J, Pandey S, Yu Q, Schaub P, Wüst F, Moradi AB, Dovzhenko O, Palme K, Welsch R. Determination of protoplast growth properties using quantitative single-cell tracking analysis. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:64. [PMID: 35585602 PMCID: PMC9118701 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although quantitative single-cell analysis is frequently applied in animal systems, e.g. to identify novel drugs, similar applications on plant single cells are largely missing. We have exploited the applicability of high-throughput microscopic image analysis on plant single cells using tobacco leaf protoplasts, cell-wall free single cells isolated by lytic digestion. Protoplasts regenerate their cell wall within several days after isolation and have the potential to expand and proliferate, generating microcalli and finally whole plants after the application of suitable regeneration conditions. RESULTS High-throughput automated microscopy coupled with the development of image processing pipelines allowed to quantify various developmental properties of thousands of protoplasts during the initial days following cultivation by immobilization in multi-well-plates. The focus on early protoplast responses allowed to study cell expansion prior to the initiation of proliferation and without the effects of shape-compromising cell walls. We compared growth parameters of wild-type tobacco cells with cells expressing the antiapoptotic protein Bcl2-associated athanogene 4 from Arabidopsis (AtBAG4). CONCLUSIONS AtBAG4-expressing protoplasts showed a higher proportion of cells responding with positive area increases than the wild type and showed increased growth rates as well as increased proliferation rates upon continued cultivation. These features are associated with reported observations on a BAG4-mediated increased resilience to various stress responses and improved cellular survival rates following transformation approaches. Moreover, our single-cell expansion results suggest a BAG4-mediated, cell-independent increase of potassium channel abundance which was hitherto reported for guard cells only. The possibility to explain plant phenotypes with single-cell properties, extracted with the single-cell processing and analysis pipeline developed, allows to envision novel biotechnological screening strategies able to determine improved plant properties via single-cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dawson
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 2, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Augusta University, 1201 Goss Ln, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qiuju Yu
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- ScreenSYS GmbH, Engesserstr. 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Schaub
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- ScreenSYS GmbH, Engesserstr. 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Wüst
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- ScreenSYS GmbH, Engesserstr. 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amir Bahram Moradi
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Dovzhenko
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- ScreenSYS GmbH, Engesserstr. 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Palme
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- ScreenSYS GmbH, Engesserstr. 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Center for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Ralf Welsch
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- ScreenSYS GmbH, Engesserstr. 4, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
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5
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Keloid fibroblasts have elevated and dysfunctional mechanotransduction signaling that is independent of TGF-β. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 104:11-20. [PMID: 34538705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblasts found in keloid tissues are known to present an altered sensitivity to microenvironmental stimuli. However, the impact of changes in extracellular matrix stiffness on phenotypes of normal fibroblasts (NFs) and keloid fibroblasts (KFs) is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Investigation the impact of matrix stiffness on NFs and KFs mainly via detecting yes-associated protein (YAP) expression. METHODS We used fibronectin-coated polyacrylamide hydrogel substrates with a range from physiological to pathological stiffness values with or without TGF-β (fibrogenic inducer). Atomic force microscopy was used to measure the stiffness of fibroblasts. Cellular mechanoresponses were screened by immunocytochemistry, Western blot and Luminex assay. RESULTS KFs are stiffer than NFs with greater expression of α-SMA. In NFs, YAP nuclear translocation was induced by increasing matrix stiffness as well as by stimulation with TGF-β. In contrast, KFs showed higher baseline levels of nuclear YAP that was not responsive to matrix stiffness or TGF-β. TGF-β1 induced p-SMAD3 in both KFs and NFs, demonstrating the pathway was functional and not hyperactivated in KFs. Moreover, blebbistatin suppressed α-SMA expression and cellular stiffness in KFs, linking the elevated YAP signaling to keloid phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that whilst normal skin fibroblasts respond to matrix stiffness in vitro, keloid fibroblasts have elevated activation of mechanotransduction signaling insensitive to the microenvironment. This elevated signaling appears linked to the expression of α-SMA, suggesting a direct link to disease pathogenesis. These findings suggest changes to keloid fibroblast phenotype related to mechanotransduction contribute to disease and may be a useful therapeutic target.
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6
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Butelmann T, Priks H, Parent Z, Johnston TG, Tamm T, Nelson A, Lahtvee PJ, Kumar R. Metabolism Control in 3D-Printed Living Materials Improves Fermentation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7195-7203. [PMID: 35006951 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) printing of cell-containing polymeric hydrogels creates living materials (LMs), offering a platform for developing innovative technologies in areas like biosensors and biomanufacturing. The polymer material properties of cross-linkable F127-bis-urethane methacrylate (F127-BUM) allow reproducible 3D printing and stability in physiological conditions, making it suitable for fabricating LMs. Though F127-BUM-based LMs permit diffusion of solute molecules like glucose and ethanol, it remains unknown whether these are permissible for oxygen, essential for respiration. To determine oxygen permissibility, we quantified dissolved oxygen consumption by the budding yeast-laden F127-BUM-based LMs. Moreover, we obtained data on cell-retaining LMs, which allowed a direct comparison between LMs and suspension cultures. We further developed a highly reliable method to isolate cells from LMs for flow cytometry analysis, cell viability evaluation, and the purification of macromolecules. We found oxygen consumption heavily impaired inside LMs, indicating that yeast metabolism relies primarily on fermentation instead of respiration. Applying this finding to brewing, we observed a higher (3.7%) ethanol production using LMs than the traditional brewing process, indicating improved fermentation. Our study concludes that the present F127-BUM-based LMs are useful for microaerobic processes but developing aerobic bioprocesses will require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Butelmann
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans Priks
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Zoel Parent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Trevor G Johnston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Tarmo Tamm
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Petri-Jaan Lahtvee
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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7
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Barba-Aliaga M, Alepuz P, Pérez-Ortín JE. Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases: The Many Ways to Transcribe a Gene. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:663209. [PMID: 33968992 PMCID: PMC8097091 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.663209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, three nuclear RNA polymerases (RNA pols) carry out the transcription from DNA to RNA, and they all seem to have evolved from a single enzyme present in the common ancestor with archaea. The multiplicity of eukaryotic RNA pols allows each one to remain specialized in the synthesis of a subset of transcripts, which are different in the function, length, cell abundance, diversity, and promoter organization of the corresponding genes. We hypothesize that this specialization of RNA pols has conditioned the evolution of the regulatory mechanisms used to transcribe each gene subset to cope with environmental changes. We herein present the example of the homeostatic regulation of transcript levels versus changes in cell volume. We propose that the diversity and instability of messenger RNAs, transcribed by RNA polymerase II, have conditioned the appearance of regulatory mechanisms based on different gene promoter strength and mRNA stability. However, for the regulation of ribosomal RNA levels, which are very stable and transcribed mainly by RNA polymerase I from only one promoter, different mechanisms act based on gene copy variation, and a much simpler regulation of the synthesis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Barba-Aliaga
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed), Universitat de València, València, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Paula Alepuz
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed), Universitat de València, València, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - José E Pérez-Ortín
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed), Universitat de València, València, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, València, Spain
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8
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Méndez E, Gomar-Alba M, Bañó MC, Mendoza M, Quilis I, Igual JC. The budding yeast Start repressor Whi7 differs in regulation from Whi5, emerging as a major cell cycle brake in response to stress. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/24/jcs251413. [PMID: 33443080 PMCID: PMC7774886 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.251413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Start is the main decision point in the eukaryotic cell cycle at which cells commit to a new round of cell division. It involves the irreversible activation of a transcriptional programme through the inactivation of Start transcriptional repressors: the retinoblastoma family in mammals, or Whi5 and its recently identified paralogue Whi7 (also known as Srl3) in budding yeast. Here, we provide a comprehensive comparison of Whi5 and Whi7 that reveals significant qualitative differences. Indeed, the expression, subcellular localization and functionality of Whi7 and Whi5 are differentially regulated. Importantly, Whi7 shows specific properties in its association with promoters not shared by Whi5, and for the first time, we demonstrate that Whi7, and not Whi5, can be the main contributor to Start inhibition such as it occurs in the response to cell wall stress. Our results help to improve understanding of the interplay between multiple differentially regulated Start repressors in order to face specific cellular conditions. Highlighted Article: Cells can use the interplay between functionally redundant but differentially regulated cell-cycle repressors in order to confer new repression capabilities and to respond to specific cellular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Méndez
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Mercè Gomar-Alba
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Carmen Bañó
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Manuel Mendoza
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Inma Quilis
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - J Carlos Igual
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
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9
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Zhao J, Yang Y, Fan Y, Yi J, Zhang C, Gu Z, Pan W, Gu J, Liao W, Fang W. Ribosomal Protein L40e Fused With a Ubiquitin Moiety Is Essential for the Vegetative Growth, Morphological Homeostasis, Cell Cycle Progression, and Pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:570269. [PMID: 33224112 PMCID: PMC7674629 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.570269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin is a highly conserved protein required for various fundamental cellular processes in eukaryotes. Herein, we first report the contribution of the ubiquitin fusion protein Ubi1 (a ubiquitin monomer fused with the ribosome protein L40e, Rpl40e) in the growth and pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans. UBI1 deletion resulted in severe growth restriction of C. neoformans, whose growth rate was positively correlated with UBI1 expression level. The growth defect of the ubi1Δ strain could be closely associated with its morphological abnormalities, such as its reduced ribosome particles. In addition, the ubi1Δ mutant also displayed increased cell ploidy, cell cycle arrest, and decreased intracellular survival inside macrophages. All these phenotypes were reversed by the reconstitution of the full-length UBI1 gene or RPL40a domain. Mouse survival and fungal burden assays further revealed a severely attenuated pathogenicity for the ubi1Δ mutant, which is probably associated with its reduced stress tolerance and the induction of T-helper 1-type immune response. Taken together, Ubi1 is required for maintaining the vegetative growth, morphological homeostasis, cell cycle progression, and pathogenicity in vivo of C. neoformans. The pleiotropic roles of Ubi1 are dependent on the presence of Rpl40e and associated with its regulation of cryptococcal ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiu Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongkai Gu
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Julin Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Effects of 5'-3' Exonuclease Xrn1 on Cell Size, Proliferation and Division, and mRNA Levels of Periodic Genes in Cryptococcus neoformans. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040430. [PMID: 32316250 PMCID: PMC7230856 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell size affects almost all biosynthetic processes by controlling the size of organelles and disrupting the nutrient uptake process. Yeast cells must reach a critical size to be able to enter a new cell cycle stage. Abnormal changes in cell size are often observed under pathological conditions such as cancer disease. Thus, cell size must be strictly controlled during cell cycle progression. Here, we reported that the highly conserved 5′-3′ exonuclease Xrn1 could regulate the gene expression involved in the cell cycle pathway of Cryptococcus neoformans. Chromosomal deletion of XRN1 caused an increase in cell size, defects in cell growth and altered DNA content at 37 °C. RNA-sequencing results showed that the difference was significantly enriched in genes involved in membrane components, DNA metabolism, integration and recombination, DNA polymerase activity, meiotic cell cycle, nuclear division, organelle fission, microtubule-based process and reproduction. In addition, the proportion of the differentially expressed periodic genes was up to 19.8% when XRN1 was deleted, including cell cycle-related genes, chitin synthase genes and transcription factors, indicating the important role of Xrn1 in the control of cell cycle. This work provides insights into the roles of RNA decay factor Xrn1 in maintaining appropriate cell size, DNA content and cell cycle progression.
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11
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Li H. Regulation of trehalose, a typical stress protectant, on central metabolisms, cell growth and division of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D. Food Microbiol 2020; 89:103459. [PMID: 32138981 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose could protect the typical food microorganism Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell against environmental stresses; however, the other regulation effects of trehalose on yeast cells during the fermentation are still poorly understood. In this manuscript, different concentrations (i.e., 0, 2 and 5% g/v) of trehalose were respectively added into the medium to evaluate the effect of trehalose on growth, central metabolisms and division of S. cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D strain that could uptake exogenous trehalose. Results indicated that addition of trehalose could inhibit yeast cell growth in the presence or absence of 8% v/v ethanol stress. Exogenous trehalose inhibited the glucose transporting efficiency and reduced intracellular glucose content. Simultaneously, increased intracellular trehalose content destroyed the steady state of trehalose cycle and caused the imbalance between the upper glycolysis part and the lower part, thereby leading to the dysfunction of glycolysis and further inhibiting the normal yeast cell growth. Moreover, energy metabolisms were impaired and the ATP production was reduced by addition of trehalose. Finally, exogenous trehalose-associated inhibition on yeast cell growth and metabolisms delayed cell cycle. These results also highlighted our knowledge about relationship between trehalose and growth, metabolisms and division of S. cerevisiae cells during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaxian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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12
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Castro J, Machado D, Cerca N. Unveiling the role of Gardnerella vaginalis in polymicrobial Bacterial Vaginosis biofilms: the impact of other vaginal pathogens living as neighbors. THE ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:1306-1317. [PMID: 30670827 PMCID: PMC6474217 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by a highly structured polymicrobial biofilm, which is strongly adhered to the vaginal epithelium and primarily consists of the bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis. However, despite the presence of other BV-associated bacteria, little is known regarding the impact of other species on BV development. To gain insight into BV progress, we analyzed the ecological interactions between G. vaginalis and 15 BV-associated microorganisms using a dual-species biofilm model. Bacterial populations were quantified using a validated peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization approach. Furthermore, biofilm structure was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, bacterial coaggregation ability was determined as well as the expression of key virulence genes. Remarkably, our results revealed distinct biofilm structures between each bacterial consortium, leading to at least three unique dual-species biofilm morphotypes. Furthermore, our transcriptomic findings seem to indicate that Enterococcus faecalis and Actinomyces neuii had a higher impact on the enhancement of G. vaginalis virulence, while the other tested species had a lower or no impact on G. vaginalis virulence. This study casts a new light on how BV-associated species can modulate the virulence aspects of G. vaginalis, contributing to a better understanding of the development of BV-associated biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Castro
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Machado
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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13
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Moreno DF, Parisi E, Yahya G, Vaggi F, Csikász-Nagy A, Aldea M. Competition in the chaperone-client network subordinates cell-cycle entry to growth and stress. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/2/e201800277. [PMID: 30988162 PMCID: PMC6467244 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise coordination of growth and proliferation has a universal prevalence in cell homeostasis. As a prominent property, cell size is modulated by the coordination between these processes in bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show that multifunctional chaperone systems play a concerted and limiting role in cell-cycle entry, specifically driving nuclear accumulation of the G1 Cdk-cyclin complex. Based on these findings, we establish and test a molecular competition model that recapitulates cell-cycle-entry dependence on growth rate. As key predictions at a single-cell level, we show that availability of the Ydj1 chaperone and nuclear accumulation of the G1 cyclin Cln3 are inversely dependent on growth rate and readily respond to changes in protein synthesis and stress conditions that alter protein folding requirements. Thus, chaperone workload would subordinate Start to the biosynthetic machinery and dynamically adjust proliferation to the growth potential of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Moreno
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eva Parisi
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Galal Yahya
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Federico Vaggi
- Department of Informatics, Ecole Normale Supérieure, INRIA, Sierra Team, Paris, France
| | - Attila Csikász-Nagy
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Institute of Mathematical and Molecular Biomedicine, King's College London, London, UK .,Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martí Aldea
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Catalonia, Spain .,Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
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14
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Nadal-Ribelles M, Islam S, Wei W, Latorre P, Nguyen M, de Nadal E, Posas F, Steinmetz LM. Sensitive high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq reveals within-clonal transcript correlations in yeast populations. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:683-692. [PMID: 30718850 PMCID: PMC6433287 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-seq has revealed extensive cellular heterogeneity within
many organisms, but few methods have been developed for microbial clonal
populations. The yeast genome displays unusually dense transcript spacing, with
interleaved and overlapping transcription from both strands, resulting in a
minuscule but complex pool of RNA protected by a resilient cell wall. Here, we
have developed a sensitive, scalable, and inexpensive yeast single-cell RNA-seq
(yscRNA-seq) method that digitally counts transcript start sites in a strand-
and isoform-specific manner. YscRNA-seq detects the expression of low-abundant,
non-coding RNAs, and at least half of the protein-coding genome in each cell.
Within clonal cells, we observed a negative correlation for the expression of
sense/antisense pairs, while paralogs and divergent transcripts co-express.
Combining yscRNA-seq with index sorting, we uncovered a linear relationship
between cell size and RNA content. Although we detected an average of
~3.5 molecules/gene, the number of expressed isoforms are restricted at
the single-cell level. Remarkably, the expression of metabolic genes is highly
variable, while their stochastic expression primes cells for increased fitness
towards the corresponding environmental challenge. These findings suggest that
functional transcript diversity acts as a mechanism for providing a selective
advantage to individual cells within otherwise transcriptionally heterogeneous
populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Nadal-Ribelles
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Cell Signaling Research Group. Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut., Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona, Spain.,Cell Signaling. Institute for Research in Biomedicine. Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saiful Islam
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wu Wei
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pablo Latorre
- Cell Signaling Research Group. Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut., Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona, Spain.,Cell Signaling. Institute for Research in Biomedicine. Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michelle Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Cell Signaling Research Group. Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut., Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona, Spain.,Cell Signaling. Institute for Research in Biomedicine. Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Cell Signaling Research Group. Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut., Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona, Spain.,Cell Signaling. Institute for Research in Biomedicine. Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars M Steinmetz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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Zavřel T, Faizi M, Loureiro C, Poschmann G, Stühler K, Sinetova M, Zorina A, Steuer R, Červený J. Quantitative insights into the cyanobacterial cell economy. eLife 2019; 8:42508. [PMID: 30714903 PMCID: PMC6391073 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phototrophic microorganisms are promising resources for green biotechnology. Compared to heterotrophic microorganisms, however, the cellular economy of phototrophic growth is still insufficiently understood. We provide a quantitative analysis of light-limited, light-saturated, and light-inhibited growth of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using a reproducible cultivation setup. We report key physiological parameters, including growth rate, cell size, and photosynthetic activity over a wide range of light intensities. Intracellular proteins were quantified to monitor proteome allocation as a function of growth rate. Among other physiological acclimations, we identify an upregulation of the translational machinery and downregulation of light harvesting components with increasing light intensity and growth rate. The resulting growth laws are discussed in the context of a coarse-grained model of phototrophic growth and available data obtained by a comprehensive literature search. Our insights into quantitative aspects of cyanobacterial acclimations to different growth rates have implications to understand and optimize photosynthetic productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Zavřel
- Laboratory of Adaptive BiotechnologiesGlobal Change Research Institute CASBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Marjan Faizi
- Institut für Biologie, Fachinstitut für Theoretische BiologieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Cristina Loureiro
- Department of Applied PhysicsPolytechnic University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Maria Sinetova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant PhysiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Anna Zorina
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant PhysiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Ralf Steuer
- Institut für Biologie, Fachinstitut für Theoretische BiologieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Jan Červený
- Laboratory of Adaptive BiotechnologiesGlobal Change Research Institute CASBrnoCzech Republic
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16
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Smith JT, White JW, Dungrawala H, Hua H, Schneider BL. Yeast lifespan variation correlates with cell growth and SIR2 expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200275. [PMID: 29979754 PMCID: PMC6034835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Isogenic wild type yeast cells raised in controlled environments display a significant range of lifespan variation. Recent microfluidic studies suggest that differential growth or gene expression patterns may explain some of the heterogeneity of aging assays. Herein, we sought to complement this work by similarly examining a large set of replicative lifespan data from traditional plate assays. In so doing, we reproduced the finding that short-lived cells tend to arrest at senescence with a budded morphology. Further, we found that wild type cells born unusually small did not have an extended lifespan. However, large birth size and/or high inter-generational growth rates significantly correlated with a reduced lifespan. Finally, we found that SIR2 expression levels correlated with lifespan and intergenerational growth. SIR2 expression was significantly reduced in large cells and increased in small wild type cells. A moderate increase in SIR2 expression correlated with reduced growth, decreased proliferation and increased lifespan in plate aging assays. We conclude that cellular growth rates and SIR2 expression levels may contribute to lifespan variation in individual cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T. Smith
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - Jill W. White
- Center for the Integration of STEM Education & Research, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - Huzefa Dungrawala
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Hui Hua
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - Brandt L. Schneider
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
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17
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Chaves M, Tournier L. Analysis Tools for Interconnected Boolean Networks With Biological Applications. Front Physiol 2018; 9:586. [PMID: 29896108 PMCID: PMC5987301 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Boolean networks with asynchronous updates are a class of logical models particularly well adapted to describe the dynamics of biological networks with uncertain measures. The state space of these models can be described by an asynchronous state transition graph, which represents all the possible exits from every single state, and gives a global image of all the possible trajectories of the system. In addition, the asynchronous state transition graph can be associated with an absorbing Markov chain, further providing a semi-quantitative framework where it becomes possible to compute probabilities for the different trajectories. For large networks, however, such direct analyses become computationally untractable, given the exponential dimension of the graph. Exploiting the general modularity of biological systems, we have introduced the novel concept of asymptotic graph, computed as an interconnection of several asynchronous transition graphs and recovering all asymptotic behaviors of a large interconnected system from the behavior of its smaller modules. From a modeling point of view, the interconnection of networks is very useful to address for instance the interplay between known biological modules and to test different hypotheses on the nature of their mutual regulatory links. This paper develops two new features of this general methodology: a quantitative dimension is added to the asymptotic graph, through the computation of relative probabilities for each final attractor and a companion cross-graph is introduced to complement the method on a theoretical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Chaves
- Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
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18
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G1/S Transcription Factor Copy Number Is a Growth-Dependent Determinant of Cell Cycle Commitment in Yeast. Cell Syst 2018; 6:539-554.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Ewald JC. How yeast coordinates metabolism, growth and division. Curr Opin Microbiol 2018; 45:1-7. [PMID: 29334655 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
All cells, especially single cell organisms, need to adapt their metabolism, growth and division coordinately to the available nutrients. This coordination is mediated by extensive cross-talk between nutrient signaling, metabolism, growth, and the cell division cycle, which is only gradually being uncovered: Nutrient signaling not only controls entry into the cell cycle at the G1/S transition, but all phases of the cell cycle. Metabolites are even sensed directly by cell cycle regulators to prevent cell cycle progression in absence of sufficient metabolic fluxes. In turn, cell cycle regulators such as the cyclin-dependent kinase directly control metabolic fluxes during cell cycle progression. In this review, I highlight some recent advances in our understanding of how metabolism and the cell division cycle are coordinated in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Ewald
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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20
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Mena A, Medina DA, García-Martínez J, Begley V, Singh A, Chávez S, Muñoz-Centeno MC, Pérez-Ortín JE. Asymmetric cell division requires specific mechanisms for adjusting global transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:12401-12412. [PMID: 29069448 PMCID: PMC5716168 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cells divide symmetrically into two approximately identical cells. There are many examples, however, of asymmetric cell division that can generate sibling cell size differences. Whereas physical asymmetric division mechanisms and cell fate consequences have been investigated, the specific problem caused by asymmetric division at the transcription level has not yet been addressed. In symmetrically dividing cells the nascent transcription rate increases in parallel to cell volume to compensate it by keeping the actual mRNA synthesis rate constant. This cannot apply to the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where this mechanism would provoke a never-ending increasing mRNA synthesis rate in smaller daughter cells. We show here that, contrarily to other eukaryotes with symmetric division, budding yeast keeps the nascent transcription rates of its RNA polymerases constant and increases mRNA stability. This control on RNA pol II-dependent transcription rate is obtained by controlling the cellular concentration of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mena
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and E.R.I. Biotecmed, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel A Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and E.R.I. Biotecmed, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - José García-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética and E.R.I. Biotecmed, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Begley
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Abhyudai Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Sebastián Chávez
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mari C Muñoz-Centeno
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José E Pérez-Ortín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and E.R.I. Biotecmed, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
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21
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The phenomenology of cell size control. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 49:53-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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22
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Eid R, Zhou DR, Arab NTT, Boucher E, Young PG, Mandato CA, Greenwood MT. Heterologous expression of anti-apoptotic human 14-3-3β/α enhances iron-mediated programmed cell death in yeast. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184151. [PMID: 28854230 PMCID: PMC5576682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of Programmed Cell Death (PCD) requires the activation of complex responses involving the interplay of a variety of different cellular proteins, pathways, and processes. Uncovering the mechanisms regulating PCD requires an understanding of the different processes that both positively and negatively regulate cell death. Here we have examined the response of normal as well as PCD resistant yeast cells to different PCD inducing stresses. As expected cells expressing the pro-survival human 14-3-3β/α sequence show increased resistance to numerous stresses including copper and rapamycin. In contrast, other stresses including iron were more lethal in PCD resistant 14-3-3β/α expressing cells. The increased sensitivity to PCD was not iron and 14-3-3β/α specific since it was also observed with other stresses (hydroxyurea and zinc) and other pro-survival sequences (human TC-1 and H-ferritin). Although microscopical examination revealed little differences in morphology with iron or copper stresses, cells undergoing PCD in response to high levels of prolonged copper treatment were reduced in size. This supports the interaction some forms of PCD have with the mechanisms regulating cell growth. Analysis of iron-mediated effects in yeast mutant strains lacking key regulators suggests that a functional vacuole is required to mediate the synergistic effects of iron and 14-3-3β/α on yeast PCD. Finally, mild sub-lethal levels of copper were found to attenuate the observed inhibitory effects of iron. Taken together, we propose a model in which a subset of stresses like iron induces a complex process that requires the cross-talk of two different PCD inducing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Eid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R. Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nagla T. T. Arab
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Boucher
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul G. Young
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig A. Mandato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael T. Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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