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Fomo KN, Perumal N, Manicam C, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Neuroretinal Cell Culture Model as a Tool for the Development of New Therapeutic Approaches for Oxidative Stress-Induced Ocular Diseases, with a Focus on Glaucoma. Cells 2024; 13:775. [PMID: 38727311 PMCID: PMC11083839 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies characterized by a progressive degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), leading to irreversible vision loss. Nowadays, the traditional therapeutic approach to glaucoma consists of lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP), which does not address the neurodegenerative features of the disease. Besides animal models of glaucoma, there is a considerable need for in vitro experimental models to propose new therapeutic strategies for this ocular disease. In this study, we elucidated the pathological mechanisms leading to neuroretinal R28 cell death after exposure to glutamate and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in order to develop new therapeutic approaches for oxidative stress-induced retinal diseases, including glaucoma. We were able to show that glutamate and H2O2 can induce a decrease in R28 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. A cell viability of about 42% was found after exposure to 3 mM of glutamate and about 56% after exposure to 100 µM of H2O2 (n = 4). Label-free quantitative mass spectrometry analysis revealed differential alterations of 193 and 311 proteins in R28 cells exposed to 3 mM of glutamate and 100 µM of H2O2, respectively (FDR < 1%; p < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the protein changes were associated with the dysregulation of signaling pathways, which was similar to those observed in glaucoma. Thus, the proteomic alteration induced by glutamate was associated with the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. On the other hand, H2O2-induced toxicity in R28 cells was linked to the activation of apoptosis signaling and the inhibition of the mTOR and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, the data show a similarity in the inhibition of the EIF2 and AMPK signaling pathways and the activation of the sumoylation and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways in both groups. Our findings suggest that the exposure of R28 cells to glutamate and H2O2 could induce glaucoma-like neurodegenerative features and potentially provide a suitable tool for the development of new therapeutic strategies for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Franz H. Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.N.F.); (N.P.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
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2
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Soubrier C, Foxall E, Ciandrini L, Dao Duc K. Optimal control of ribosome population for gene expression under periodic nutrient intake. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20230652. [PMID: 38442858 PMCID: PMC10914516 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Translation of proteins is a fundamental part of gene expression that is mediated by ribosomes. As ribosomes significantly contribute to both cellular mass and energy consumption, achieving efficient management of the ribosome population is also crucial to metabolism and growth. Inspired by biological evidence for nutrient-dependent mechanisms that control both ribosome-active degradation and genesis, we introduce a dynamical model of protein production, that includes the dynamics of resources and control over the ribosome population. Under the hypothesis that active degradation and biogenesis are optimal for maximizing and maintaining protein production, we aim to qualitatively reproduce empirical observations of the ribosome population dynamics. Upon formulating the associated optimization problem, we first analytically study the stability and global behaviour of solutions under constant resource input, and characterize the extent of oscillations and convergence rate to a global equilibrium. We further use these results to simplify and solve the problem under a quasi-static approximation. Using biophysical parameter values, we find that optimal control solutions lead to both control mechanisms and the ribosome population switching between periods of feeding and fasting, suggesting that the intense regulation of ribosome population observed in experiments allows to maximize and maintain protein production. Finally, we find some range for the control values over which such a regime can be observed, depending on the intensity of fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Soubrier
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Eric Foxall
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada V1V 1V7
| | - Luca Ciandrini
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM U154, CNRS UMR5048, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Khanh Dao Duc
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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3
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Wang H, Li J, Tu W, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Chang L, Wu Y, Zhang X. Identification of Blood Biomarkers Related to Energy Metabolism and Construction of Diagnostic Prediction Model Based on Three Independent Alzheimer's Disease Cohorts. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:1261-1287. [PMID: 39093073 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Blood biomarkers are crucial for the diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Energy metabolism disturbances are closely related to AD. However, research on blood biomarkers related to energy metabolism is still insufficient. Objective This study aims to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of energy metabolism-related genes in AD. Methods AD cohorts were obtained from GEO database and single center. Machine learning algorithms were used to identify key genes. GSEA was used for functional analysis. Six algorithms were utilized to establish and evaluate diagnostic models. Key gene-related drugs were screened through network pharmacology. Results We identified 4 energy metabolism genes, NDUFA1, MECOM, RPL26, and RPS27. These genes have been confirmed to be closely related to multiple energy metabolic pathways and different types of T cell immune infiltration. Additionally, the transcription factors INSM2 and 4 lncRNAs were involved in regulating 4 genes. Further analysis showed that all biomarkers were downregulated in the AD cohorts and not affected by aging and gender. More importantly, we constructed a diagnostic prediction model of 4 biomarkers, which has been validated by various algorithms for its diagnostic performance. Furthermore, we found that valproic acid mainly interacted with these biomarkers through hydrogen bonding, salt bonding, and hydrophobic interaction. Conclusions We constructed a predictive model based on 4 energy metabolism genes, which may be helpful for the diagnosis of AD. The 4 validated genes could serve as promising blood biomarkers for AD. Their interaction with valproic acid may play a crucial role in the therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jilai Li
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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4
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Chen YC, Liao CC, Shui HA, Huang PH, Shih LJ. A Proteomics-Based Identification of the Biological Networks Mediating the Impact of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Trophoblast Cell Migration and Invasion, with Potential Implications for Maternal and Fetal Health. Proteomes 2023; 11:31. [PMID: 37873873 PMCID: PMC10594419 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast migration and invasion play crucial roles in placental development. However, the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on trophoblast cell functions remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the impact of EGCG on the survival of trophoblast cells and employed a proteomics analysis to evaluate its influence on trophoblast cell migration and invasion. Be-Wo trophoblast cells were treated with EGCG, and a zone closure assay was conducted to assess the cell migration and invasion. Subsequently, a proteomics analysis was performed on the treated and control groups, followed by a bioinformatics analysis to evaluate the affected biological pathways and protein networks. A quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were carried out to validate the proteomics findings. Our results showed that EGCG significantly suppressed the trophoblast migration and invasion at a concentration not affecting cell survival. The proteomics analysis revealed notable differences in the protein expression between the EGCG-treated and control groups. Specifically, EGCG downregulated the signaling pathways related to EIF2, mTOR, and estrogen response, as well as the processes associated with the cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and protein translation. Conversely, EGCG upregulated the pathways linked to lipid degradation and oxidative metabolism. The quantitative PCR showed that EGCG modulated protein expression by regulating gene transcription, and the Western blot analysis confirmed its impact on cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix reorganization. These findings suggest EGCG may inhibit trophoblast migration and invasion through multiple signaling pathways, highlighting the potential risks associated with consuming EGCG-containing products during pregnancy. Future research should investigate the impact of EGCG intake on maternal and fetal proteoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Chung Chen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei 106243, Taiwan
- Department of Health Promotion and Gerontological Care, Taipei University of Marine Technology, Taipei 111078, Taiwan
- Department of Special Education, University of Taipei, Taipei 100234, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liao
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Instrumentation Resource Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.)
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ai Shui
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Huang
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Instrumentation Resource Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.)
| | - Li-Jane Shih
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Longtan, Taoyuan 325208, Taiwan
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5
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Richter H, Gover O, Schwartz B. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Black Soldier Fly Oil Associated with Modulation of TLR Signaling: A Metabolomic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10634. [PMID: 37445812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary intervention in the treatment of ulcerative colitis involves, among other things, modifications in fatty acid content and/or profile. For example, replacing saturated long chain fatty acids with medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) has been reported to ameliorate inflammation. The Black Soldier Fly Larvae's (BSFL) oil is considered a sustainable dietary ingredient rich in the MCFA C12:0; however, its effect on inflammatory-related conditions has not been studied until now. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of BSFL oil in comparison to C12:0 using TLR4- or TLR2-activated THP-1 and J774A.1 cell lines and to assess its putative protective effect against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis in mice. BSFL oil and C12:0 suppressed proinflammatory cytokines release in LPS-stimulated macrophages; however, only BSFL oil exerted anti-inflammatory activity in Pam3CSK4-stimulated macrophages. Transcriptome analysis provided insight into the possible role of BSFL oil in immunometabolism switch, involving mTOR signaling and an increase in PPAR target genes promoting fatty acid oxidation, exhibiting a discrepant mode of action compared to C12:0 treatment, which mainly affected cholesterol biosynthesis pathways. Additionally, we identified anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, oxylipins, and isoprenoids in the BSFL oil that may contribute to an orchestrated anti-inflammatory response. In vivo, a BSFL oil-enriched diet (20%) ameliorated the clinical signs of colitis, as indicated by improved body weight recovery, reduced colon shortening, reduced splenomegaly, and an earlier phase of secretory IgA response. These results indicate the novel beneficial use of BSFL oil as a modulator of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Richter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Ofer Gover
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Betty Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel
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6
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Wu Z, Hu G, Gong T, Hu Q, Hong L, Zhang Y, Ao Z. RACK1 may participate in placental development at mid-gestation via regulating trophoblast cell proliferation and migration in pigs. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:248-259. [PMID: 36916007 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a severe complication in swine production. Placental insufficiency is responsible for inadequate fetal growth, but the specific etiology of placental dysfunction-induced IUGR in pigs remains poorly understood. In this work, placenta samples supplying the lightest weight (LW) and mean weight (MW) pig fetuses in the litter at Day 65 (D65) of gestation were collected, and the relationship between fetal growth and placental morphologies and functions was investigated using histomorphological analysis, RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and in vitro experiment in LW and MW placentas. Results showed that the folded structure of the epithelial bilayer of LW placentas followed a poor and incomplete development compared with that of MW placentas. A total of 654 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out between the LW and MW placentas, and the gene encodes receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) was found to be downregulated in LW placentas. The DEGs were mainly enriched in translation, ribosome, protein synthesis, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway according to gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. In vitro experiments indicated that the decreased RACK1 in LW placentas may be involved in abnormal development of placental folds (PFs) by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of porcine trophoblast cells. Taken together, these results revealed that RACK1 may be a vital regulator in the development of PFs via regulating trophoblast cell proliferation and migration in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qun Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjun Hong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zheng Ao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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7
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Jiao L, Liu Y, Yu XY, Pan X, Zhang Y, Tu J, Song YH, Li Y. Ribosome biogenesis in disease: new players and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:15. [PMID: 36617563 PMCID: PMC9826790 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ribosome is a multi-unit complex that translates mRNA into protein. Ribosome biogenesis is the process that generates ribosomes and plays an essential role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, development, and transformation. The mTORC1, Myc, and noncoding RNA signaling pathways are the primary mediators that work jointly with RNA polymerases and ribosome proteins to control ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis. Activation of mTORC1 is required for normal fetal growth and development and tissue regeneration after birth. Myc is implicated in cancer development by enhancing RNA Pol II activity, leading to uncontrolled cancer cell growth. The deregulation of noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs is involved in developing blood, neurodegenerative diseases, and atherosclerosis. We review the similarities and differences between eukaryotic and bacterial ribosomes and the molecular mechanism of ribosome-targeting antibiotics and bacterial resistance. We also review the most recent findings of ribosome dysfunction in COVID-19 and other conditions and discuss the consequences of ribosome frameshifting, ribosome-stalling, and ribosome-collision. We summarize the role of ribosome biogenesis in the development of various diseases. Furthermore, we review the current clinical trials, prospective vaccines for COVID-19, and therapies targeting ribosome biogenesis in cancer, cardiovascular disease, aging, and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Jiao
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital and Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- grid.452829.00000000417660726Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000 P. R. China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the NMPA State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436 P. R. China
| | - Xiangbin Pan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China ,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Appratus Innovation, Beijing, 100037 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital and Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Junchu Tu
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital and Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yao-Hua Song
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Yangxin Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital and Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
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8
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Maternal Undernutrition Induces Cell Signalling and Metabolic Dysfunction in Undifferentiated Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 19:767-783. [PMID: 36517693 PMCID: PMC10070223 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Peri-conceptional environment can induce permanent changes in embryo phenotype which alter development and associate with later disease susceptibility. Thus, mouse maternal low protein diet (LPD) fed exclusively during preimplantation is sufficient to lead to cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological dysfunction in adult offspring. Embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines were generated from LPD and control NPD C57BL/6 blastocysts and characterised by transcriptomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics and molecular/cellular studies to assess early potential mechanisms in dietary environmental programming. Previously, we showed these lines retain cellular and epigenetic characteristics of LPD and NPD embryos after several passages. Here, three main changes were identified in LPD ESC lines. First, their derivation capacity was reduced but pluripotency marker expression was similar to controls. Second, LPD lines had impaired Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway with altered gene expression of several regulators (e.g., Maff, Rassf1, JunD), reduced ERK1/2 signalling capacity and poorer cell survival characteristics which may contribute to reduced derivation. Third, LPD lines had impaired glucose metabolism comprising reduced upstream enzyme expression (e.g., Gpi, Mpi) and accumulation of metabolites (e.g., glucose-6-P, fructose-6-P) above the phosphofructokinase (PFK) gateway with PFK enzyme activity reduced. ESC lines may therefore permit investigation of peri-conceptional programming mechanisms with reduced need for animal experimentation.
Graphical Abstract
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9
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Welch N, Singh SS, Musich R, Mansuri MS, Bellar A, Mishra S, Chelluboyina AK, Sekar J, Attaway AH, Li L, Willard B, Hornberger TA, Dasarathy S. Shared and unique phosphoproteomics responses in skeletal muscle from exercise models and in hyperammonemic myotubes. iScience 2022; 25:105325. [PMID: 36345342 PMCID: PMC9636548 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle generation of ammonia, an endogenous cytotoxin, is increased during exercise. Perturbations in ammonia metabolism consistently occur in chronic diseases, and may blunt beneficial skeletal muscle molecular responses and protein homeostasis with exercise. Phosphorylation of skeletal muscle proteins mediates cellular signaling responses to hyperammonemia and exercise. Comparative bioinformatics and machine learning-based analyses of published and experimentally derived phosphoproteomics data identified differentially expressed phosphoproteins that were unique and shared between hyperammonemic murine myotubes and skeletal muscle from exercise models. Enriched processes identified in both hyperammonemic myotubes and muscle from exercise models with selected experimental validation included protein kinase A (PKA), calcium signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and protein homeostasis. Our approach of feature extraction from comparative untargeted "omics" data allows for selection of preclinical models that recapitulate specific human exercise responses and potentially optimize functional capacity and skeletal muscle protein homeostasis with exercise in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Welch
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shashi Shekhar Singh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ryan Musich
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - M. Shahid Mansuri
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Annette Bellar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - Jinendiran Sekar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Amy H. Attaway
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Troy A. Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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10
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Cindrova-Davies T, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Human placental development and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 131:66-77. [PMID: 35393235 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is a transient fetal organ that plays a critical role in the health and wellbeing of both the fetus and its mother. Functionally, the placenta sustains the growth of the fetus as it facilitates delivery of oxygen and nutrients and removal of waste products. Not surprisingly, defective early placental development is the primary cause of common disorders of pregnancy, including recurrent miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia and stillbirth. Adverse pregnancy conditions will also affect the life-long health of the fetus via developmental programming[1]. Despite its critical importance in reproductive success and life-long health, our understanding of placental development is not extensive, largely due to ethical limitations to studying early or chronological placental development, lack of long-term in vitro models, or comparative animal models. In this review, we examine current knowledge of early human placental development, discuss the critical role of the maternal endometrium and of the fetal-maternal dialogue in pregnancy success, and we explore the latest models of trophoblast and endometrial stem cells. In addition, we discuss the role of oxygen in placental formation and function, how nutrient delivery is mediated during the periods of histotrophic nutrition (uptake of uterine secretions) and haemotrophic nutrition (exchange between the maternal and fetal circulations), and how placental endocrine function facilitates fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cindrova-Davies
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
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11
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Schwarz JD, Lukassen S, Bhandare P, Eing L, Snaebjörnsson MT, García YC, Kisker JP, Schulze A, Wolf E. The glycolytic enzyme ALDOA and the exon junction complex protein RBM8A are regulators of ribosomal biogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:954358. [PMID: 36187487 PMCID: PMC9515781 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.954358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular growth is a fundamental process of life and must be precisely controlled in multicellular organisms. Growth is crucially controlled by the number of functional ribosomes available in cells. The production of new ribosomes depends critically on the activity of RNA polymerase (RNAP) II in addition to the activity of RNAP I and III, which produce ribosomal RNAs. Indeed, the expression of both, ribosomal proteins and proteins required for ribosome assembly (ribosomal biogenesis factors), is considered rate-limiting for ribosome synthesis. Here, we used genetic screening to identify novel transcriptional regulators of cell growth genes by fusing promoters from a ribosomal protein gene (Rpl18) and from a ribosomal biogenesis factor (Fbl) with fluorescent protein genes (RFP, GFP) as reporters. Subsequently, both reporters were stably integrated into immortalized mouse fibroblasts, which were then transduced with a genome-wide sgRNA-CRISPR knockout library. Subsequently, cells with altered reporter activity were isolated by FACS and the causative sgRNAs were identified. Interestingly, we identified two novel regulators of growth genes. Firstly, the exon junction complex protein RBM8A controls transcript levels of the intronless reporters used here. By acute depletion of RBM8A protein using the auxin degron system combined with the genome-wide analysis of nascent transcription, we showed that RBM8A is an important global regulator of ribosomal protein transcripts. Secondly, we unexpectedly observed that the glycolytic enzyme aldolase A (ALDOA) regulates the expression of ribosomal biogenesis factors. Consistent with published observations that a fraction of this protein is located in the nucleus, this may be a mechanism linking transcription of growth genes to metabolic processes and possibly to metabolite availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Denise Schwarz
- Cancer Systems Biology Group, Theodor Boveri Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sören Lukassen
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pranjali Bhandare
- Cancer Systems Biology Group, Theodor Boveri Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Eing
- Cancer Systems Biology Group, Theodor Boveri Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Yiliam Cruz García
- Cancer Systems Biology Group, Theodor Boveri Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Kisker
- Cancer Systems Biology Group, Theodor Boveri Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Almut Schulze
- Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elmar Wolf
- Cancer Systems Biology Group, Theodor Boveri Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Elmar Wolf,
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12
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Kudla AM, Miranda X, Nijhout HF. The roles of growth regulation and appendage patterning genes in the morphogenesis of treehopper pronota. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212682. [PMID: 35673859 PMCID: PMC9174728 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Treehoppers of the insect family Membracidae have evolved enlarged and elaborate pronotal structures, which is hypothesized to involve co-opted expression of genes that are shared with the wings. Here, we investigate the similarity between the pronotum and wings in relation to growth. Our study reveals that the ontogenetic allometry of the pronotum is similar to that of wings in Membracidae, but not the outgroup. Using transcriptomics, we identify genes related to translation and protein synthesis, which are mutually upregulated. These genes are implicated in the eIF2, eIF4/p70S6K and mTOR pathways, and have known roles in regulating cell growth and proliferation. We find that species-specific differential growth patterning of the pronotum begins as early as the third instar, which suggests that expression of appendage patterning genes occurs long before the metamorphic molt. We propose that a network related to growth and size determination is the more likely mechanism shared with wings. However, regulators upstream of the shared genes in pronotum and wings need to be elucidated to substantiate whether co-option has occurred. Finally, we believe it will be helpful to distinguish the mechanisms leading to pronotal size from those regulating pronotal shape as we make sense of this spectacular evolutionary innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Kudla
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ximena Miranda
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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13
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Park SW, Seo MK, Webster MJ, Lee JG, Kim S. Differential expression of gene co-expression networks related to the mTOR signaling pathway in bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:184. [PMID: 35508467 PMCID: PMC9067344 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a severe mental illness characterized by episodes of depression and mania. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, we performed transcriptome studies using RNA-seq data from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of individuals with BPD and matched controls, as well as data from cell culture and animal model studies. We found 879 differentially expressed genes that were also replicated in an independent cohort of post-mortem samples. Genes involving the mechanistic target of rapamycine (mTOR) pathway were down-regulated, while genes interrelated with the mTOR pathway such as Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway were up-regulated. Gene co-expression network analyses identified a module related to the mTOR pathway that was up-regulated in BPD and also enriched for markers of endothelial cells. We also found a down-regulated co-expression module enriched for genes involved in mTOR signalling and in mTOR related pathways and enriched with neuronal markers. The mTOR related modules were also replicated in the independent cohort of samples. To investigate whether the expression of the modules related to mTOR signalling pathway could be differentially regulated in different cell types we performed comparative network analyses in experimental models. We found both up-regulated modules in the PFC significantly overlapped with an up-regulated module in the brain endothelial cells from mice treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and mTOR related pathways such as JAK-STAT, PI3K-Akt and ribosome were enriched in the common genes. In addition, the down-regulated module in the PFC significantly overlapped with a down-regulated module from neurons treated with the mTOR inhibitor, Torin1 and mTOR signalling, autophagy, and synaptic vesicle cycles were significantly enriched in the common genes. These results suggest that co-expression networks related to mTOR signalling pathways may be up- or down-regulated in different cell types in the PFC of BPD. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Park
- grid.411612.10000 0004 0470 5112Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busnajin-gu, Busan, 47392 Republic of Korea ,grid.411612.10000 0004 0470 5112Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busnajin-gu, Busan, 47392 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Seo
- grid.411612.10000 0004 0470 5112Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busnajin-gu, Busan, 47392 Republic of Korea
| | - Maree J. Webster
- grid.453353.70000 0004 0473 2858Stanley Brain Research Laboratory, Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busnajin-gu, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, 875 Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghyeon Kim
- Stanley Brain Research Laboratory, Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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14
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Rosario FJ, Kelly AC, Gupta MB, Powell TL, Cox L, Jansson T. Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 Regulation of the Primary Human Trophoblast Cell Transcriptome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:670980. [PMID: 34805133 PMCID: PMC8599300 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2) regulates placental amino acid and folate transport. However, the role of mTORC2 in modulating other placental functions is largely unexplored. We used a gene array following the silencing of rictor to identify genes regulated by mTORC2 in primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells. Four hundred and nine genes were differentially expressed; 102 genes were down-regulated and 307 up-regulated. Pathway analyses demonstrated that inhibition of mTORC2 resulted in increased expression of genes encoding for pro-inflammatory IL-6, VEGF-A, leptin, and inflammatory signaling (SAPK/JNK). Furthermore, down-regulated genes were functionally enriched in genes involved in angiogenesis (Osteopontin) and multivitamin transport (SLC5A6). In addition, the protein expression of leptin, VEGFA, IL-6 was increased and negatively correlated to mTORC2 signaling in human placentas collected from pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In contrast, the protein expression of Osteopontin and SLC5A6 was decreased and positively correlated to mTORC2 signaling in human IUGR placentas. In conclusion, mTORC2 signaling regulates trophoblast expression of genes involved in inflammation, micronutrient transport, and angiogenesis, representing novel links between mTOR signaling and multiple placental functions necessary for fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick J Rosario
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Amy Catherine Kelly
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Madhulika B Gupta
- Children's Health Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Laura Cox
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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15
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Christians JK. The Placenta's Role in Sexually Dimorphic Fetal Growth Strategies. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1895-1907. [PMID: 34699045 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fetal sex affects the risk of pregnancy complications and the long-term effects of prenatal environment on health. Some have hypothesized that growth strategies differ between the sexes, whereby males prioritize growth whereas females are more responsive to their environment. This review evaluates the role of the placenta in such strategies, focusing on (1) mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in gene expression, (2) the nature and extent of sexual dimorphism in placental gene expression, (3) sexually dimorphic responses to nutrient supply, and (4) sexual dimorphism in morphology and histopathology. The sex chromosomes contribute to sex differences in placental gene expression, and fetal hormones may play a role later in development. Sexually dimorphic placental gene expression may contribute to differences in the prevalence of complications such as preeclampsia, although this link is not clear. Placental responses to nutrient supply frequently show sexual dimorphism, but there is no consistent pattern where one sex is more responsive. There are sex differences in the prevalence of placental histopathologies, and placental changes in pregnancy complications, but also many similarities. Overall, no clear patterns support the hypothesis that females are more responsive to the maternal environment, or that males prioritize growth. While male fetuses are at greater risk of a variety of complications, total prenatal mortality is higher in females, such that males exposed to early insults may be more likely to survive and be observed in studies of adverse outcomes. Going forward, robust statistical approaches to test for sex-dependent effects must be more widely adopted to reduce the incidence of spurious results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian K Christians
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. .,Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada. .,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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16
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Fleming TP, Sun C, Denisenko O, Caetano L, Aljahdali A, Gould JM, Khurana P. Environmental Exposures around Conception: Developmental Pathways Leading to Lifetime Disease Risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9380. [PMID: 34501969 PMCID: PMC8431664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Environment around conception can influence the developmental programme with lasting effects on gestational and postnatal phenotype and with consequences for adult health and disease risk. Peri-conception exposure comprises a crucial part of the 'Developmental Origins of Health and Disease' (DOHaD) concept. In this review, we consider the effects of maternal undernutrition experienced during the peri-conception period in select human models and in a mouse experimental model of protein restriction. Human datasets indicate that macronutrient deprivation around conception affect the epigenome, with enduring effects on cardiometabolic and neurological health. The mouse model, comprising maternal low protein diet exclusively during the peri-conception period, has revealed a stepwise progression in altered developmental programming following induction through maternal metabolite deficiency. This progression includes differential effects in extra-embryonic and embryonic cell lineages and tissues, leading to maladaptation in the growth trajectory and increased chronic disease comorbidities. The timeline embraces an array of mechanisms across nutrient sensing and signalling, cellular, metabolic, epigenetic and physiological processes with a coordinating role for mTORC1 signalling proposed. Early embryos appear active participants in environmental sensing to optimise the developmental programme for survival but with the trade-off of later disease. Similar adverse health outcomes may derive from other peri-conception environmental experiences, including maternal overnutrition, micronutrient availability, pollutant exposure and assisted reproductive treatments (ART) and support the need for preconception health before pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom P. Fleming
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (L.C.); (A.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Congshan Sun
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Oleg Denisenko
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Rm 242, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Laura Caetano
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (L.C.); (A.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Anan Aljahdali
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (L.C.); (A.A.); (P.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Alfaisaliah campus, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanna M. Gould
- Clinical Neurosciences and Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
| | - Pooja Khurana
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (L.C.); (A.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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17
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Screening Candidate Genes Regulating Placental Development from Trophoblast Transcriptome at Early Pregnancy in Dazu Black Goats ( Capra hircus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072132. [PMID: 34359260 PMCID: PMC8300351 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The trophoblast is an original placental tissue whose normal proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion, and angiopoiesis are essential for placenta formation and fetal survival during early pregnancy. However, the key genes and molecular mechanisms involved in placenta development in goats are unknown. Herein, the morphology and histological structures of trophoblast tissues from day 20 to 30 of pregnancy were determined. RNA-sequencing was used to screen potential functional genes in common highly expressed and differentially expressed genes. RAP1 signaling pathway was used as the contact center and coordinated with other pathways to regulate placenta development. This study could provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ruminant placentation. Abstract This study explored the trophoblast transcriptome to understand potential functional genes involved in early placental development in goats and their enriched signaling pathways. Trophoblast samples were collected from nine Dazu Black goats on days 20, 25, and 30 of pregnancy (D20, D25, and D30). As the pregnancy progressed, the morphology and histological structures showed significant growth, adhesion, and angiogenesis. A total of 23,253 commonly expressed genes (CEGs) and 4439 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by RNA sequencing. The common highly expressed genes (ChEGs) (the top 100 CEGs) with the highest FPKM percentage (29.9%) of all CEGs were annotated to the ribosome pathway and maintain pregnancy. DEGs were abundant in D30 vs. D20 (3715 DEGs). Besides, the DEGs were associated with the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and activation of PI3K-Akt, focal adhesion, ECM–receptor interaction, Rap1, and CAM signaling pathways. The RAP1 may be a central pathway since it coordinates with others to regulate the cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and fusion of trophoblasts. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed the transcriptional expression in IGF1, VEGFC, RAPGEF3, PIK3CA, AKT3, ITGB3, ITGA11, SPP1, NOS1, and ATP6V0B genes and protein levels in VEGF, RAPGEF3, and Akt. This is the first study of transcriptome profiling in goat placenta and provides diverse genetic resources for further research on placenta development.
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18
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Kajdy A, Modzelewski J, Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Kwiatkowska E, Bednarek-Jędrzejek M, Borowski D, Stefańska K, Rabijewski M, Torbé A, Kwiatkowski S. Molecular Pathways of Cellular Senescence and Placental Aging in Late Fetal Growth Restriction and Stillbirth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4186. [PMID: 33919502 PMCID: PMC8072706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormally accelerated, premature placental senescence plays a crucial role in the genesis of pregnancy pathologies. Abnormal growth in the third trimester can present as small for gestational age fetuses or fetal growth restriction. One differs from the other by the presence of signs of placental insufficiency and the risk of stillbirth. The majority of stillbirths occur in normally grown fetuses and are classified as "unexplained", which often leads to conclusions that they were unpreventable. The main characteristic of aging is a gradual decline in the function of cells, tissues, and organs. These changes result in the accumulation of senescent cells in mitotic tissues. These cells begin the aging process that disrupts tissues' normal functions by affecting neighboring cells, degrading the extracellular matrix, and reducing tissues' regeneration capacity. Different degrees of abnormal placentation result in the severity of fetal growth restriction and its sequelae, including fetal death. This review aims to present the current knowledge and identify future research directions to understand better placental aging in late fetal growth restriction and unexplained stillbirth. We hypothesized that the final diagnosis of placental insufficiency can be made only using markers of placental senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kajdy
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Żelazna 90 St., 01-004 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Jan Modzelewski
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Żelazna 90 St., 01-004 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kwiatkowska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Bednarek-Jędrzejek
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.-J.); (A.T.)
| | - Dariusz Borowski
- Clinic of Fetal-Maternal, Gynecology and Neonatology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Łukasiewicza 1 St., 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Stefańska
- Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 St., 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Michał Rabijewski
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Żelazna 90 St., 01-004 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Andrzej Torbé
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.-J.); (A.T.)
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.-J.); (A.T.)
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19
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Melnik BC. Lifetime Impact of Cow's Milk on Overactivation of mTORC1: From Fetal to Childhood Overgrowth, Acne, Diabetes, Cancers, and Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:404. [PMID: 33803410 PMCID: PMC8000710 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of cow's milk is a part of the basic nutritional habits of Western industrialized countries. Recent epidemiological studies associate the intake of cow's milk with an increased risk of diseases, which are associated with overactivated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. This review presents current epidemiological and translational evidence linking milk consumption to the regulation of mTORC1, the master-switch for eukaryotic cell growth. Epidemiological studies confirm a correlation between cow's milk consumption and birthweight, body mass index, onset of menarche, linear growth during childhood, acne vulgaris, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, neurodegenerative diseases, and all-cause mortality. Thus, long-term persistent consumption of cow's milk increases the risk of mTORC1-driven diseases of civilization. Milk is a highly conserved, lactation genome-controlled signaling system that functions as a maternal-neonatal relay for optimized species-specific activation of mTORC1, the nexus for regulation of eukaryotic cell growth, and control of autophagy. A deeper understanding of milk´s impact on mTORC1 signaling is of critical importance for the prevention of common diseases of civilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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