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Guo J, Zhang C, Zhao H, Yan Y, Liu Z. The key mediator of diabetic kidney disease: Potassium channel dysfunction. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101119. [PMID: 38523672 PMCID: PMC10958065 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, making it a global public health concern. The molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic kidney disease have not been elucidated due to its complex pathogenesis. Thus, exploring these mechanisms from new perspectives is the current focus of research concerning diabetic kidney disease. Ion channels are important proteins that maintain the physiological functions of cells and organs. Among ion channels, potassium channels stand out, because they are the most common and important channels on eukaryotic cell surfaces and function as the basis for cell excitability. Certain potassium channel abnormalities have been found to be closely related to diabetic kidney disease progression and genetic susceptibility, such as KATP, KCa, Kir, and KV. In this review, we summarized the roles of different types of potassium channels in the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney disease to discuss whether the development of DKD is due to potassium channel dysfunction and present new ideas for the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Nephrology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chaojie Zhang
- Nephrology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Nephrology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yufan Yan
- Nephrology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Nephrology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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Tang S, Hao D, Ma W, Liu L, Gao J, Yao P, Yu H, Gan L, Cao Y. Dysfunctional Mitochondria Clearance in Situ: Mitophagy in Obesity and Diabetes-Associated Cardiometabolic Diseases. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:503-517. [PMID: 38356350 PMCID: PMC11307117 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Several mitochondrial dysfunctions in obesity and diabetes include impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, reduced mitochondrial DNA, increased mitochondrial Ca2+ flux, and mitochondrial dynamics disorders. Mitophagy, specialized autophagy, is responsible for clearing dysfunctional mitochondria in physiological and pathological conditions. As a paradox, inhibition and activation of mitophagy have been observed in obesity and diabetes-related heart disorders, with both exerting bidirectional effects. Suppressed mitophagy is beneficial to mitochondrial homeostasis, also known as benign mitophagy. On the contrary, in most cases, excessive mitophagy is harmful to dysfunctional mitochondria elimination and thus is defined as detrimental mitophagy. In obesity and diabetes, two classical pathways appear to regulate mitophagy, including PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-dependent mitophagy and receptors/adapters-dependent mitophagy. After the pharmacologic interventions of mitophagy, mitochondrial morphology and function have been restored, and cell viability has been further improved. Herein, we summarize the mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy alterations in obesity and diabetes, as well as the underlying upstream mechanisms, in order to provide novel therapeutic strategies for the obesity and diabetes-related heart disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songling Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Hao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuyu Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifang Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Hou Y, Zhu L, Ye X, Ke Q, Zhang Q, Xie X, Piao JG, Wei Y. Integrated oral microgel system ameliorates renal fibrosis by hitchhiking co-delivery and targeted gut flora modulation. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:305. [PMID: 38822364 PMCID: PMC11143587 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is a progressive process associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to impaired kidney function. Active constituents in traditional Chinese herbs, such as emodin (EMO) and asiatic acid (AA), exhibit potent anti-fibrotic properties. However, the oral administration of EMO and AA results in low bioavailability and limited kidney accumulation. Additionally, while oral probiotics have been accepted for CKD treatment through gut microbiota modulation, a significant challenge lies in ensuring their viability upon administration. Therefore, our study aims to address both renal fibrosis and gut microbiota imbalance through innovative co-delivery strategies. RESULTS In this study, we developed yeast cell wall particles (YCWPs) encapsulating EMO and AA self-assembled nanoparticles (NPYs) and embedded them, along with Lactobacillus casei Zhang, in chitosan/sodium alginate (CS/SA) microgels. The developed microgels showed significant controlled release properties for the loaded NPYs and prolonged the retention time of Lactobacillus casei Zhang (L. casei Zhang) in the intestine. Furthermore, in vivo biodistribution showed that the microgel-carried NPYs significantly accumulated in the obstructed kidneys of rats, thereby substantially increasing the accumulation of EMO and AA in the impaired kidneys. More importantly, through hitchhiking delivery based on yeast cell wall and positive modulation of gut microbiota, our microgels with this synergistic strategy of therapeutic and modulatory interactions could regulate the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and thus effectively ameliorate renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our work provides a new strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis based on hitchhiking co-delivery of nanodrugs and probiotics to achieve synergistic effects of disease treatment and targeted gut flora modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Qiaoying Ke
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Qibin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Ji-Gang Piao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
| | - Yinghui Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
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Zhang M, Tong Z, Wang Y, Fu W, Meng Y, Huang J, Sun L. Relationship between ferroptosis and mitophagy in renal fibrosis: a systematic review. J Drug Target 2023; 31:858-866. [PMID: 37607069 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2250574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, characterised by glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, is a typical pathological alteration in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the limited and expensive options for treating renal fibrosis place a heavy financial burden on patients and healthcare systems. Therefore, it is significant to find an effective treatment for renal fibrosis. Ferroptosis, a non-traditional form of cell death, has been found to play an important role in acute kidney injury (AKI), tumours, neurodegenerative diseases, and so on. Moreover, a growing body of research suggests that ferroptosis might be a potential target of renal fibrosis. Meanwhile, mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy that can selectively degrade damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria as a form of mitochondrial quality control, reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the accumulation of which is the main cause of renal fibrosis. Additionally, as a receptor of mitophagy, NIX can release beclin1 to induce mitophagy, which can also bind to solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) to block the activity of cystine/glutamate antitransporter (system Xc-) and inhibit ferroptosis, thereby suggesting a link between mitophagy and ferroptosis. However, there have been only limited studies on the relationship among mitophagy, ferroptosis and renal fibrosis. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of mitophagy, and describe how ferroptosis and mitophagy are related to renal fibrosis in an effort to identify potential novel targets for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyuan Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Meng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Wei X, Wang Y, Lao Y, Weng J, Deng R, Li S, Lu J, Yang S, Liu X. Effects of honokiol protects against chronic kidney disease via BNIP3/NIX and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy and AMPK pathways. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6557-6568. [PMID: 37338733 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health threat worldwide. Defective mitophagy has been reported to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, which is closely associated with CKD pathogenesis. Honokiol (HKL) is a bioactive component of Magnolia officinalis that has multiple efficacies. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of HKL on a CKD rat model and explore the possible mechanisms of mitophagy mediated by Bcl-2 interacting protein 3 and BNIP3-like (NIX) (also known as the BNIP3/NIX pathway) and FUN14 domain-containing 1 (the FUNDC1 pathway) and the role of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. METHODS A CKD rat model was established by feeding the animals dietary adenine (0.75% w/w, 3 weeks). Simultaneously, the treatment group was given HKL (5 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks) by gavage. Renal function was assessed by measuring serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Pathological changes were analyzed by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS HKL treatment ameliorated the decline in renal function and reduced tubular lesions and interstitial fibrosis in CKD rats. Accordingly, the renal fibrosis markers Col-IV and α-SMA were decreased by HKL. Moreover, HKL suppressed the upregulation of the proapoptotic proteins Bad and Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 expression in CKD rats. Furthermore, HKL suppressed BNIP3, NIX and FUNDC1 expression, leading to the reduction of excessive mitophagy in CKD rats. Additionally, AMPK was activated by adenine, and HKL reversed this change and significantly decreased the level of activated AMPK (phosphorylated AMPK, P-AMPK). CONCLUSION HKL exerted a renoprotective effect on CKD rats, which was possibly associated with BNIP3/NIX and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy and the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunlan Lao
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiali Weng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruyu Deng
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunmin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jiandong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Shudong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Rayego-Mateos S, Basantes P, Morgado-Pascual JL, Brazal Prieto B, Suarez-Alvarez B, Ortiz A, Lopez-Larrea C, Ruiz-Ortega M. BET Protein Inhibitor JQ1 Modulates Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Induced by Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051130. [PMID: 37237996 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the mechanisms involved in the progression of kidney disease, mitochondrial dysfunction has special relevance. Epigenetic drugs such as inhibitors of extra-terminal domain proteins (iBET) have shown beneficial effects in experimental kidney disease, mainly by inhibiting proliferative and inflammatory responses. The impact of iBET on mitochondrial damage was explored in in vitro studies in renal cells stimulated with TGF-β1 and in vivo in murine unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model of progressive kidney damage. In vitro, JQ1 pretreatment prevented the TGF-β1-induced downregulation of components of the oxidative phosphorylation chain (OXPHOS), such as cytochrome C and CV-ATP5a in human proximal tubular cells. In addition, JQ1 also prevented the altered mitochondrial dynamics by avoiding the increase in the DRP-1 fission factor. In UUO model, renal gene expression levels of cytochrome C and CV-ATP5a as well as protein levels of cytochrome C were reduced These changes were prevented by JQ1 administration. In addition, JQ1 decreased protein levels of the DRP1 fission protein and increased the OPA-1 fusion protein, restoring mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondria also participate in the maintenance of redox balance. JQ1 restored the gene expression of antioxidant proteins, such as Catalase and Heme oxygenase 1 in TGF-β1-stimulated human proximal tubular cells and in murine obstructed kidneys. Indeed, in tubular cells, JQ1 decreased ROS production induced by stimulation with TGF-β1, as evaluated by MitoSOXTM. iBETs, such as JQ1, improve mitochondrial dynamics, functionality, and oxidative stress in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pamela Basantes
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Morgado-Pascual
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Beatriz Brazal Prieto
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suarez-Alvarez
- Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Larrea
- Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang S, Liu J, Li X, Yang K, Yang D, Liu Y, Sun L, Liu F, Xiao L. ATF5 regulates tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic kidney disease via mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Mol Med 2023; 29:57. [PMID: 37095454 PMCID: PMC10127323 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) plays a critical role in the progression of tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is an important MQC process, is activated to maintain mitochondrial protein homeostasis in response to mitochondrial stress. Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is critical in the mammalian UPRmt via mitochondria-nuclear translocation. However, the role of ATF5 and UPRmt in tubular injury under DKD conditions is unknown. METHODS ATF5 and UPRmt-related proteins including heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and Lon peptidase 1 (LONP1), in DKD patients and db/db mice were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis. Eight-week-old db/db mice were injected with ATF5-shRNA lentiviruses via the tail vein, and a negative lentivirus was used as a control. The mice were euthanized at 12 weeks, and dihydroethidium (DHE) and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in kidney sections, respectively. In vitro, ATF5-siRNA, ATF5 overexpression plasmids or HSP60-siRNA were transfected into HK-2 cells to evaluate the effect of ATF5 and HSP60 on tubular injury under ambient hyperglycemic conditions. Mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) staining was used to gauge mitochondrial oxidative stress levels, and the early stage of cell apoptosis was examined by Annexin V-FITC kits. RESULTS Increased ATF5, HSP60 and LONP1 expression was observed in the kidney tissue of DKD patients and db/db mice and was tightly correlated with tubular damage. The inhibition of HSP60 and LONP1, improvements in serum creatinine, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and apoptosis were observed in db/db mice treated with lentiviruses carrying ATF5 shRNA. In vitro, the expression of ATF5 was increased in HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose (HG) in a time-dependent manner, which was accompanied by the overexpression of HSP60, fibronectin (FN) and cleaved-caspase3 (C-CAS3). ATF5-siRNA transfection inhibited the expression of HSP60 and LONP1, which was accompanied by reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HK-2 cells exposed to sustained exogenous high glucose. ATF5 overexpression exacerbated these impairments. HSP60-siRNA transfection blocked the effect of ATF5 on HK-2 cells exposed to continuous HG treatment. Interestingly, ATF5 inhibition exacerbated mitochondrial ROS levels and apoptosis in HK-2 cells in the early period of HG intervention (6 h). CONCLUSIONS ATF5 could exert a protective effect in a very early stage but promoted tubulointerstitial injury by regulating HSP60 and the UPRmt pathway under DKD conditions, providing a potential target for the prevention of DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jialu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Danyi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Miao F, Li X, Wang C, Yuan H, Wu Z. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes in diabetic foot ulcer and preliminary experimental verification. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:89. [PMID: 36819522 PMCID: PMC9929774 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Molecular changes are closely related to the pathogenesis and healing process of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), and are crucial for the early prediction and intervention of DFU. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was performed in this study to identify the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DFU, analyze their functions and function modes, and conduct preliminary experimental verification to determine the potential pivotal genes in the pathogenesis of DFU. Two datasets, GSE68183 and GSE80178, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). DEGs were obtained using GEO2R. Six co-expressed DEGs (co-DEGs) were obtained by R language analysis. The co-DEGs were constructed by using STRING and Cytoscape 3.7.2 to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and two hub genes, NHLRC3 and BNIP3, were identified. The BNIP3 gene was selected for further analysis. Co-DEGs were used for Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis using the WebGestalt database, and BNIP3-related biological processes focused on mitochondrial protein decomposition. GO function analysis of the BNIP3 gene and its interacting genes was carried out using the cluster profile package and org.hs.eg. db package of the R language and its biological process was enriched in the cell response to external stimuli and autophagy. Results BNIP3 and its interacting genes were retrieved from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the WebGestalt database. The results showed that BNIP3 was significantly correlated with mitochondrial autophagy and the FoxO signaling pathway. The miRDB and TargetScan databases were used to identify the relevant microRNAs (miRNAs) regulating the BNIP3 gene, and it was found that miRNA-182 may be involved in the targeted regulation of BNIP3. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the abnormal expression of BNIP3. Conclusions Our study found that the BNIP3 gene may be a new biomarker and intervention target for DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Miao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China;,Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xixi Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Heju Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhongming Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China;,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Liu D, Chen H, Fu Y, Yao Y, He S, Wang Y, Cao Z, Wang X, Yang M, Zhao Q. KCa3.1 Promotes Proinflammatory Exosome Secretion by Activating AKT/Rab27a in Atrial Myocytes during Rapid Pacing. Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 2023:3939360. [PMID: 37035755 PMCID: PMC10079387 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3939360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the medium-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (KCNN4, KCa3.1) in the secretion of proinflammatory exosomes by atrial myocytes. Methods Eighteen beagles were randomly divided into the sham group (n = 6), pacing group (n = 6), and pacing+TRAM-34 group (n = 6). Electrophysiological data, such as the effective refractory period, atrial fibrillation (AF) induction, and AF duration, were collected by programmed stimulation. Atrial tissues were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of KCa3.1 and Rab27a was assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The downstream signaling pathways involved in KCa3.1 were examined by rapid pacing or overexpressing KCNN4 in HL-1 cells. Results Atrial rapid pacing significantly induced electrical remodeling, inflammation, fibrosis, and exosome secretion in the canine atrium, while TRAM-34 (KCa3.1 blocker) inhibited these changes. Compared with those in control HL-1 cells, the levels of exosome markers and inflammatory factors were increased in pacing HL-1 cells. Furthermore, the levels of CD68 and iNOS in macrophages incubated with exosomes derived from HL-1 cells were higher in the pacing-exo group than in the control group. More importantly, KCa3.1 regulated exosome secretion through the AKT/Rab27a signaling pathway. Similarly, inhibiting the downstream signaling pathway of KCa3.1 significantly inhibited exosome secretion. Conclusions KCa3.1 promotes proinflammatory exosome secretion through the AKT/Rab27a signaling pathway. Inhibiting the KCa3.1/AKT/Rab27a signaling pathway reduces myocardial tissue structural remodeling in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishiwen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuntao Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yajun Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shanqing He
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Youcheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qingyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
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Pharmacological targeting of the mitochondrial calcium-dependent potassium channel KCa3.1 triggers cell death and reduces tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1055. [PMID: 36539400 PMCID: PMC9768205 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are non-conventional, druggable oncological targets. The intermediate-conductance calcium-dependent potassium channel (KCa3.1) is highly expressed in the plasma membrane and in the inner mitochondrial membrane (mitoKCa3.1) of various cancer cell lines. The role mitoKCa3.1 plays in cancer cells is still undefined. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of two mitochondria-targeted novel derivatives of a high-affinity KCa3.1 antagonist, TRAM-34, which retain the ability to block channel activity. The effects of these drugs were tested in melanoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and breast cancer lines, as well as in vivo in two orthotopic models. We show that the mitochondria-targeted TRAM-34 derivatives induce release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, rapid depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, fragmentation of the mitochondrial network. They trigger cancer cell death with an EC50 in the µM range, depending on channel expression. In contrast, inhibition of the plasma membrane KCa3.1 by membrane-impermeant Maurotoxin is without effect, indicating a specific role of mitoKCa3.1 in determining cell fate. At sub-lethal concentrations, pharmacological targeting of mitoKCa3.1 significantly reduced cancer cell migration by enhancing production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, and by downregulating expression of Bcl-2 Nineteen kD-Interacting Protein (BNIP-3) and of Rho GTPase CDC-42. This signaling cascade finally leads to cytoskeletal reorganization and impaired migration. Overexpression of BNIP-3 or pharmacological modulation of NF-κB and CDC-42 prevented the migration-reducing effect of mitoTRAM-34. In orthotopic models of melanoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the tumors at sacrifice were 60% smaller in treated versus untreated animals. Metastasis of melanoma cells to lymph nodes was also drastically reduced. No signs of toxicity were observed. In summary, our results identify mitochondrial KCa3.1 as an unexpected player in cancer cell migration and show that its pharmacological targeting is efficient against both tumor growth and metastatic spread in vivo.
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KCa3.1 in diabetic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2022; 31:129-134. [PMID: 34710887 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a significant health concern. Innovative strategies to prevent or limit the progression of DKD are urgently needed due to the limitation of existing treatments. KCa3.1, a potassium channel, is involved in a range of biological processes from cell survival to cell death. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the pathophysiological functions of the KCa3.1 channel, specifically its involvement in maintaining mitochondrial function. More specifically, the therapeutic potential of targeting KCa3.1 in DKD is systematically discussed in the review. RECENT FINDINGS Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of DKD. Accumulating evidence indicates that KCa3.1 dysregulation plays a crucial role in mitochondrial dysfunction, in addition to driving cellular activation, proliferation and inflammation. Recent studies demonstrate that KCa3.1 deficiency improves diabetes-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in DKD, which is attributed to modulation of mitochondrial quality control through mitigating the altered mitochondrial dynamics and restoring abnormal BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. SUMMARY Based on its role in fibrosis, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, pharmacological inhibition of KCa3.1 may offer a promising alternative for the treatment of DKD. Due to its safety profile in humans, the repurposing of senicapoc has the potential to expedite an urgently needed new drug in DKD.
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Glastras SJ, Valvi D, Bansal A. Editorial: Developmental Programming of Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:781361. [PMID: 34745018 PMCID: PMC8566724 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.781361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Glastras
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Damaskini Valvi, ; Amita Bansal,
| | - Amita Bansal
- Australian National University (ANU) Medical School, and John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Damaskini Valvi, ; Amita Bansal,
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