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Wang R, Kato F, Watson RY, Beedle AM, Call JA, Tsunoda Y, Noda T, Tsuchiya T, Kashima M, Hattori A, Ito T. The RNA-binding protein Msi2 regulates autophagy during myogenic differentiation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302016. [PMID: 38373797 PMCID: PMC10876439 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle development is a highly ordered process orchestrated transcriptionally by the myogenic regulatory factors. However, the downstream molecular mechanisms of myogenic regulatory factor functions in myogenesis are not fully understood. Here, we identified the RNA-binding protein Musashi2 (Msi2) as a myogenin target gene and a post-transcriptional regulator of myoblast differentiation. Msi2 knockdown in murine myoblasts blocked differentiation without affecting the expression of MyoD or myogenin. Msi2 overexpression was also sufficient to promote myoblast differentiation and myocyte fusion. Msi2 loss attenuated autophagosome formation via down-regulation of the autophagic protein MAPL1LC3/ATG8 (LC3) at the early phase of myoblast differentiation. Moreover, forced activation of autophagy effectively suppressed the differentiation defects incurred by Msi2 loss. Consistent with its functions in myoblasts in vitro, mice deficient for Msi2 exhibited smaller limb skeletal muscles, poorer exercise performance, and muscle fiber-type switching in vivo. Collectively, our study demonstrates that Msi2 is a novel regulator of mammalian myogenesis and establishes a new functional link between muscular development and autophagy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochong Wang
- https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- https://ror.org/00te3t702 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Futaba Kato
- https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rio Yasui Watson
- https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- https://ror.org/00te3t702 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aaron M Beedle
- https://ror.org/00te3t702 Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jarrod A Call
- https://ror.org/00te3t702 Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yugo Tsunoda
- https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaho Tsuchiya
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, and Center for Artificial Intelligence Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Makoto Kashima
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayuna Hattori
- https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- https://ror.org/00te3t702 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Takahiro Ito
- https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- https://ror.org/00te3t702 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Nikonova E, DeCata J, Canela M, Barz C, Esser A, Bouterwek J, Roy A, Gensler H, Heß M, Straub T, Forne I, Spletter ML. Bruno 1/CELF regulates splicing and cytoskeleton dynamics to ensure correct sarcomere assembly in Drosophila flight muscles. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002575. [PMID: 38683844 PMCID: PMC11081514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscles undergo developmental transitions in gene expression and alternative splicing that are necessary to refine sarcomere structure and contractility. CUG-BP and ETR-3-like (CELF) family RNA-binding proteins are important regulators of RNA processing during myogenesis that are misregulated in diseases such as Myotonic Dystrophy Type I (DM1). Here, we report a conserved function for Bruno 1 (Bru1, Arrest), a CELF1/2 family homolog in Drosophila, during early muscle myogenesis. Loss of Bru1 in flight muscles results in disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton leading to aberrant myofiber compaction and defects in pre-myofibril formation. Temporally restricted rescue and RNAi knockdown demonstrate that early cytoskeletal defects interfere with subsequent steps in sarcomere growth and maturation. Early defects are distinct from a later requirement for bru1 to regulate sarcomere assembly dynamics during myofiber maturation. We identify an imbalance in growth in sarcomere length and width during later stages of development as the mechanism driving abnormal radial growth, myofibril fusion, and the formation of hollow myofibrils in bru1 mutant muscle. Molecularly, we characterize a genome-wide transition from immature to mature sarcomere gene isoform expression in flight muscle development that is blocked in bru1 mutants. We further demonstrate that temporally restricted Bru1 rescue can partially alleviate hypercontraction in late pupal and adult stages, but it cannot restore myofiber function or correct structural deficits. Our results reveal the conserved nature of CELF function in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics in muscle development and demonstrate that defective RNA processing due to misexpression of CELF proteins causes wide-reaching structural defects and progressive malfunction of affected muscles that cannot be rescued by late-stage gene replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikonova
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Jenna DeCata
- School of Science and Engineering, Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Marc Canela
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christiane Barz
- Muscle Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, München, Germany
| | - Alexandra Esser
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Jessica Bouterwek
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Akanksha Roy
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Heidemarie Gensler
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Biocenter, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Martin Heß
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Biocenter, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Biomedical Center, Bioinformatics Core Unit, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Ignasi Forne
- Biomedical Center, Protein Analysis Unit, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Maria L. Spletter
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
- School of Science and Engineering, Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
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Liu Z, Zhang T, Xu R, Liu B, Han Y, Dong W, Xie Q, Tang Z, Lei X, Wang C, Fu Y, Gao C. BpGRP1 acts downstream of BpmiR396c/BpGRF3 to confer salt tolerance in Betula platyphylla. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:131-147. [PMID: 37703500 PMCID: PMC10754015 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GRPs) have been implicated in the responses of plants to environmental stresses, but the function of GRP genes involved in salt stress and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we identified BpGRP1 (glycine-rich RNA-binding protein), a Betula platyphylla gene that is induced under salt stress. The physiological and molecular responses to salt tolerance were investigated in both BpGRP1-overexpressing and suppressed conditions. BpGRF3 (growth-regulating factor 3) was identified as a regulatory factor upstream of BpGRP1. We demonstrated that overexpression of BpGRF3 significantly increased the salt tolerance of birch, whereas the grf3-1 mutant exhibited the opposite effect. Further analysis revealed that BpGRF3 and its interaction partner, BpSHMT, function upstream of BpGRP1. We demonstrated that BpmiR396c, as an upstream regulator of BpGRF3, could negatively regulate salt tolerance in birch. Furthermore, we uncovered evidence showing that the BpmiR396c/BpGRF3 regulatory module functions in mediating the salt response by regulating the associated physiological pathways. Our results indicate that BpmiR396c regulates the expression of BpGRF3, which plays a role in salt tolerance by targeting BpGRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant EcologyMinistry of EducationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Tengqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Ruiting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Baichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yating Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Wenfang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zihao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xiaojin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yujie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant EcologyMinistry of EducationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Caiqiu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and BreedingNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
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Wu Z. Compression Promotes the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Regulating METTL14-mediated IGF1. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1120-1128. [PMID: 38279741 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x244047231012103752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Orthodontic treatment involves the application of mechanical force to induce periodontal tissue remodeling and ultimately promote tooth movement. It is essential to study the response mechanisms of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) to improve orthodontic treatment. METHODS In this study, hPDLSCs treated with compressive force were used to simulate orthodontic treatment. Cell viability and cell death were assessed using the CCK-8 assay and TUNEL staining. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining were performed to evaluate osteogenic differentiation. The binding relationship between IGF1 and METTL14 was assessed using RIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS The compressive force treatment promoted the viability and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Additionally, m6A and METTL14 levels in hPDLSCs increased after compressive force treatment, whereas METTL14 knockdown decreased cell viability and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs treated with compressive force. Furthermore, the upregulation of METTL14 increased m6A levels, mRNA stability, and IGF1 expression. RIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the interaction between METTL14 and IGF1. Furthermore, rescue experiments demonstrated that IGF1 overexpression reversed the effects of METTL14 knockdown in hPDLSCs treated with compressive force. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study demonstrated that compressive force promotes cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by regulating IGF1 levels mediated by METTL14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengbo Wu
- North Sichuan Medical College, Xinglin Community, Sihai Street, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
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5
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Kostyuchenko RP, Nikanorova DD, Amosov AV. Germ Line/Multipotency Genes Show Differential Expression during Embryonic Development of the Annelid Enchytraeus coronatus. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1508. [PMID: 38132334 PMCID: PMC10740902 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Germ line development and the origin of the primordial germ cells (PGCs) are very variable and may occur across a range of developmental stages and in several developmental contexts. In establishing and maintaining germ line, a conserved set of genes is involved. On the other hand, these genes are expressed in multipotent/pluripotent cells that may give rise to both somatic and germline cells. To begin elucidating mechanisms by which the germ line is specified in Enchytraeus coronatus embryos, we identified twenty germline/multipotency genes, homologs of Vasa, PL10, Piwi, Nanos, Myc, Pumilio, Tudor, Boule, and Bruno, using transcriptome analysis and gene cloning, and characterized their expression by whole-mount in situ hybridization. To answer the question of the possible origin of PGCs in this annelid, we carried out an additional description of the early embryogenesis. Our results suggest that PGCs derive from small cells originating at the first two divisions of the mesoteloblasts. PGCs form two cell clusters, undergo limited proliferation, and migrate to the developing gonadal segments. In embryos and juvenile E. coronatus, homologs of the germline/multipotency genes are differentially expressed in both germline and somatic tissue including the presumptive germ cell precursors, posterior growth zone, developing foregut, and nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman P. Kostyuchenko
- Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.N.); (A.V.A.)
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6
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Park SY, Liu S, Carbajal EP, Wosczyna M, Costa M, Sun H. Hexavalent chromium inhibits myogenic differentiation and induces myotube atrophy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 477:116693. [PMID: 37742872 PMCID: PMC10591800 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is extensively used in many industrial processes. Previous studies reported that Cr(VI) exposures during early embryonic development reduced body weight with musculoskeletal malformations in rodents while exposures in adult mice increased serum creatine kinase activity, a marker of muscle damage. However, the impacts of Cr(VI) on muscle differentiation remain largely unknown. Here, we report that acute exposures to Cr(VI) in mouse C2C12 myoblasts inhibit myogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to 2 μM of Cr(VI) resulted in delayed myotube formation, as evidenced by a significant decrease in myotube formation and expression of muscle-specific markers, such as muscle creatine kinase (Mck), Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (Mef2), Myomaker (Mymk) and Myomixer (Mymx). Interestingly, exposure to 5 μM of Cr(VI) completely abolished myotube formation in differentiating C2C12 cells. Moreover, the expression of key myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) including myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), and myogenic factor 6 (Myf6) were significantly altered in Cr(VI)-treated cells. The inhibitory effect of Cr(VI) on myogenic differentiation was further confirmed in freshly isolated mouse satellite cells, a stem cell population essential for adult skeletal muscle regeneration. Furthermore, Cr(VI) exposure to fully differentiated C2C12 myotubes resulted in a decrease in myotube diameter, which was exacerbated upon co-treatment with dexamethasone. Together, our results demonstrate that Cr(VI) inhibits myogenic differentiation and induces myotube atrophy in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Shan Liu
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Edgar Perez Carbajal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Michael Wosczyna
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Max Costa
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Hong Sun
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, United States of America.
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7
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Mukherjee A, Nongthomba U. To RNA-binding and beyond: Emerging facets of the role of Rbfox proteins in development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023:e1813. [PMID: 37661850 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The RNA-binding Fox-1 homologue (Rbfox) proteins represent an ancient family of splicing factors, conserved through evolution. All members share an RNA recognition motif (RRM), and a particular affinity for the GCAUG signature in target RNA molecules. The role of Rbfox, as a splice factor, deciding the tissue-specific inclusion/exclusion of an exon, depending on its binding position on the flanking introns, is well known. Rbfox often acts in concert with other splicing factors, and forms splicing regulatory networks. Apart from this canonical role, recent studies show that Rbfox can also function as a transcription co-factor, and affects mRNA stability and translation. The repertoire of Rbfox targets is vast, including genes involved in the development of tissue lineages, such as neurogenesis, myogenesis, and erythropoeiesis, and molecular processes, including cytoskeletal dynamics, and calcium handling. A second layer of complexity is added by the fact that Rbfox expression itself is regulated by multiple mechanisms, and, in vertebrates, exhibits tissue-specific expression. The optimum dosage of Rbfox is critical, and its misexpression is etiological to various disease conditions. In this review, we discuss the contextual roles played by Rbfox as a tissue-specific regulator for the expression of many important genes with diverse functions, through the lens of the emerging data which highlights its involvement in many human diseases. Furthermore, we explore the mechanistic details provided by studies in model organisms, with emphasis on the work with Drosophila. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amartya Mukherjee
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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8
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Wei X, Wang J, Sun Y, Zhao T, Luo X, Lu J, Hou W, Yu X, Xue L, Yan Y, Wang H. MiR-222-3p suppresses C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation via the inhibition of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1379-1390. [PMID: 37565526 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed the profound impact of microRNAs on regulating skeletal muscle development and regeneration. However, the biological function and regulation mechanism of miR-222-3p in skeletal muscle remains largely unknown. In this study, miR-222-3p was found to be abundantly expressed in the impaired skeletal muscles, indicating that it might have function in the development and regeneration process of the skeletal muscle. MiR-222-3p overexpression impeded C2C12 myoblast proliferation and myogenic differentiation, whereas inhibition of miR-222-3p got the opposite results. The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) was the target gene of miR-222-3p. We next found that knockdown of IRS-1 could obviously suppress C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, miR-222-3p-induced repression of myoblast proliferation and differentiation was verified to be associated with a decrease in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling. Overall, we demonstrated that miR-222-3p inhibited C2C12 cells myogenesis via IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, miR-222-3p may be used as a therapeutic target for alleviating muscle loss caused by inherited and nonhereditary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hosptial, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiayin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiuju Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Linli Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, P.R. China
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Shi DL. RNA-Binding Proteins as Critical Post-Transcriptional Regulators of Cardiac Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12004. [PMID: 37569379 PMCID: PMC10418649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury causes death to cardiomyocytes and leads to heart failure. The adult mammalian heart has very limited regenerative capacity. However, the heart from early postnatal mammals and from adult lower vertebrates can fully regenerate after apical resection or myocardial infarction. Thus, it is of particular interest to decipher the mechanism underlying cardiac regeneration that preserves heart structure and function. RNA-binding proteins, as key regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression to coordinate cell differentiation and maintain tissue homeostasis, display dynamic expression in fetal and adult hearts. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated their importance for the survival and proliferation of cardiomyocytes following neonatal and postnatal cardiac injury. Functional studies suggest that RNA-binding proteins relay damage-stimulated cell extrinsic or intrinsic signals to regulate heart regenerative capacity by reprogramming multiple molecular and cellular processes, such as global protein synthesis, metabolic changes, hypertrophic growth, and cellular plasticity. Since manipulating the activity of RNA-binding proteins can improve the formation of new cardiomyocytes and extend the window of the cardiac regenerative capacity in mammals, they are potential targets of therapeutic interventions for cardiovascular disease. This review discusses our evolving understanding of RNA-binding proteins in regulating cardiac repair and regeneration, with the aim to identify important open questions that merit further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Shi
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China;
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology (CNRS-UMR7622), Institute de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
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10
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Varesi A, Campagnoli LIM, Barbieri A, Rossi L, Ricevuti G, Esposito C, Chirumbolo S, Marchesi N, Pascale A. RNA binding proteins in senescence: A potential common linker for age-related diseases? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101958. [PMID: 37211318 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aging represents the major risk factor for the onset and/or progression of various disorders including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and bone-related defects. As the average age of the population is predicted to exponentially increase in the coming years, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of aging-related diseases and the discovery of new therapeutic approaches remain pivotal. Well-reported hallmarks of aging are cellular senescence, genome instability, autophagy impairment, mitochondria dysfunction, dysbiosis, telomere attrition, metabolic dysregulation, epigenetic alterations, low-grade chronic inflammation, stem cell exhaustion, altered cell-to-cell communication and impaired proteostasis. With few exceptions, however, many of the molecular players implicated within these processes as well as their role in disease development remain largely unknown. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are known to regulate gene expression by dictating at post-transcriptional level the fate of nascent transcripts. Their activity ranges from directing primary mRNA maturation and trafficking to modulation of transcript stability and/or translation. Accumulating evidence has shown that RBPs are emerging as key regulators of aging and aging-related diseases, with the potential to become new diagnostic and therapeutic tools to prevent or delay aging processes. In this review, we summarize the role of RBPs in promoting cellular senescence and we highlight their dysregulation in the pathogenesis and progression of the main aging-related diseases, with the aim of encouraging further investigations that will help to better disclose this novel and captivating molecular scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Annalisa Barbieri
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rossi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ciro Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy; Nephrology and dialysis unit, ICS S. Maugeri SPA SB Hospital, Pavia, Italy; High School in Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Marchesi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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11
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Krup AL, Winchester SAB, Ranade SS, Agrawal A, Devine WP, Sinha T, Choudhary K, Dominguez MH, Thomas R, Black BL, Srivastava D, Bruneau BG. A Mesp1-dependent developmental breakpoint in transcriptional and epigenomic specification of early cardiac precursors. Development 2023; 150:dev201229. [PMID: 36994838 PMCID: PMC10259516 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional networks governing cardiac precursor cell (CPC) specification are incompletely understood owing, in part, to limitations in distinguishing CPCs from non-cardiac mesoderm in early gastrulation. We leveraged detection of early cardiac lineage transgenes within a granular single-cell transcriptomic time course of mouse embryos to identify emerging CPCs and describe their transcriptional profiles. Mesp1, a transiently expressed mesodermal transcription factor, is canonically described as an early regulator of cardiac specification. However, we observed perdurance of CPC transgene-expressing cells in Mesp1 mutants, albeit mislocalized, prompting us to investigate the scope of the role of Mesp1 in CPC emergence and differentiation. Mesp1 mutant CPCs failed to robustly activate markers of cardiomyocyte maturity and crucial cardiac transcription factors, yet they exhibited transcriptional profiles resembling cardiac mesoderm progressing towards cardiomyocyte fates. Single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis defined a Mesp1-dependent developmental breakpoint in cardiac lineage progression at a shift from mesendoderm transcriptional networks to those necessary for cardiac patterning and morphogenesis. These results reveal Mesp1-independent aspects of early CPC specification and underscore a Mesp1-dependent regulatory landscape required for progression through cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Leigh Krup
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sarah A. B. Winchester
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sanjeev S. Ranade
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ayushi Agrawal
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - W. Patrick Devine
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tanvi Sinha
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Krishna Choudhary
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Martin H. Dominguez
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Reuben Thomas
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian L. Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G. Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Sun Y, Zhan S, Zhao S, Zhong T, Wang L, Guo J, Dai D, Li D, Cao J, Li L, Zhang H. HuR Promotes the Differentiation of Goat Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Regulating Myomaker mRNA Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086893. [PMID: 37108057 PMCID: PMC10138435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is an RNA-binding protein that contributes to a wide variety of biological processes and diseases. HuR has been demonstrated to regulate muscle growth and development, but its regulatory mechanisms are not well understood, especially in goats. In this study, we found that HuR was highly expressed in the skeletal muscle of goats, and its expression levels changed during longissimus dorsi muscle development in goats. The effects of HuR on goat skeletal muscle development were explored using skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) as a model. The overexpression of HuR accelerated the expression of myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD), Myogenin (MyoG), myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and the formation of myotubes, while the knockdown of HuR showed opposite effects in MuSCs. In addition, the inhibition of HuR expression significantly reduced the mRNA stability of MyoD and MyoG. To determine the downstream genes affected by HuR at the differentiation stage, we conducted RNA-Seq using MuSCs treated with small interfering RNA, targeting HuR. The RNA-Seq screened 31 upregulated and 113 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in which 11 DEGs related to muscle differentiation were screened for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) detection. Compared to the control group, the expression of three DEGs (Myomaker, CHRNA1, and CAPN6) was significantly reduced in the siRNA-HuR group (p < 0.01). In this mechanism, HuR bound to Myomaker and increased the mRNA stability of Myomaker. It then positively regulated the expression of Myomaker. Moreover, the rescue experiments indicated that the overexpression of HuR may reverse the inhibitory impact of Myomaker on myoblast differentiation. Together, our findings reveal a novel role for HuR in promoting muscle differentiation in goats by increasing the stability of Myomaker mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjin Sun
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dinghui Dai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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13
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Kuntawala DH, Martins F, Vitorino R, Rebelo S. Automatic Text-Mining Approach to Identify Molecular Target Candidates Associated with Metabolic Processes for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2283. [PMID: 36767649 PMCID: PMC9915907 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by abnormal expansion of unstable CTG repeats in the 3' untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. This disease mainly affects skeletal muscle, resulting in myotonia, progressive distal muscle weakness, and atrophy, but also affects other tissues and systems, such as the heart and central nervous system. Despite some studies reporting therapeutic strategies for DM1, many issues remain unsolved, such as the contribution of metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunctions to DM1 pathogenesis. Therefore, it is crucial to identify molecular target candidates associated with metabolic processes for DM1. In this study, resorting to a bibliometric analysis, articles combining DM1, and metabolic/metabolism terms were identified and further analyzed using an unbiased strategy of automatic text mining with VOSviewer software. A list of candidate molecular targets for DM1 associated with metabolic/metabolism was generated and compared with genes previously associated with DM1 in the DisGeNET database. Furthermore, g:Profiler was used to perform a functional enrichment analysis using the Gene Ontology (GO) and REAC databases. Enriched signaling pathways were identified using integrated bioinformatics enrichment analyses. The results revealed that only 15 of the genes identified in the bibliometric analysis were previously associated with DM1 in the DisGeNET database. Of note, we identified 71 genes not previously associated with DM1, which are of particular interest and should be further explored. The functional enrichment analysis of these genes revealed that regulation of cellular metabolic and metabolic processes were the most associated biological processes. Additionally, a number of signaling pathways were found to be enriched, e.g., signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases, signaling by NRTK1 (TRKA), TRKA activation by NGF, PI3K-AKT activation, prolonged ERK activation events, and axon guidance. Overall, several valuable target candidates related to metabolic processes for DM1 were identified, such as NGF, NTRK1, RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, DAG, ACTA, ID1, ID2 MYOD, and MYOG. Therefore, our study strengthens the hypothesis that metabolic dysfunctions contribute to DM1 pathogenesis, and the exploitation of metabolic dysfunction targets is crucial for the development of future therapeutic interventions for DM1.
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Qi Y, Wang M, Jiang Q. PABPC1--mRNA stability, protein translation and tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1025291. [PMID: 36531055 PMCID: PMC9753129 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1025291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian poly A-binding proteins (PABPs) are highly conserved multifunctional RNA-binding proteins primarily involved in the regulation of mRNA translation and stability, of which PABPC1 is considered a central regulator of cytoplasmic mRNA homing and is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes by regulating almost every aspect of RNA metabolism. Alterations in its expression and function disrupt intra-tissue homeostasis and contribute to the development of various tumors. There is increasing evidence that PABPC1 is aberrantly expressed in a variety of tumor tissues and cancers such as lung, gastric, breast, liver, and esophageal cancers, and PABPC1 might be used as a potential biomarker for tumor diagnosis, treatment, and clinical application in the future. In this paper, we review the abnormal expression, functional role, and molecular mechanism of PABPC1 in tumorigenesis and provide directions for further understanding the regulatory role of PABPC1 in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Qi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Second Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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15
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Emerging Roles of RNA-Binding Proteins in Inner Ear Hair Cell Development and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012393. [PMID: 36293251 PMCID: PMC9604452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They play major roles in the tissue- and stage-specific expression of protein isoforms as well as in the maintenance of protein homeostasis. The inner ear is a bi-functional organ, with the cochlea and the vestibular system required for hearing and for maintaining balance, respectively. It is relatively well documented that transcription factors and signaling pathways are critically involved in the formation of inner ear structures and in the development of hair cells. Accumulating evidence highlights emerging functions of RBPs in the post-transcriptional regulation of inner ear development and hair cell function. Importantly, mutations of splicing factors of the RBP family and defective alternative splicing, which result in inappropriate expression of protein isoforms, lead to deafness in both animal models and humans. Because RBPs are critical regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation, they present the potential to promote hair cell regeneration following noise- or ototoxin-induced damage through mitotic and non-mitotic mechanisms. Therefore, deciphering RBP-regulated events during inner ear development and hair cell regeneration can help define therapeutic strategies for treatment of hearing loss. In this review, we outline our evolving understanding of the implications of RBPs in hair cell formation and hearing disease with the aim of promoting future research in this field.
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16
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Ansari SA, Dantoft W, Ruiz-Orera J, Syed AP, Blachut S, van Heesch S, Hübner N, Uhlenhaut NH. Integrative analysis of macrophage ribo-Seq and RNA-Seq data define glucocorticoid receptor regulated inflammatory response genes into distinct regulatory classes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5622-5638. [PMID: 36284713 PMCID: PMC9582734 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (Dex) are widely used to treat both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. They regulate immune responses by dampening cell-mediated immunity in a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent manner, by suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and by stimulating the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Despite its evident clinical benefit, the mechanistic underpinnings of the gene regulatory networks transcriptionally controlled by GR in a context-specific manner remain mysterious. Next generation sequencing methods such mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and Ribosome profiling (ribo-seq) provide tools to investigate the transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that govern gene expression. Here, we integrate matched RNA-seq data with ribo-seq data from human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cells treated with the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and with Dex, to investigate the global transcriptional and translational regulation (translational efficiency, ΔTE) of Dex-responsive genes. We find that the expression of most of the Dex-responsive genes are regulated at both the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional level, with the transcriptional changes intensified on the translational level. Overrepresentation pathway analysis combined with STRING protein network analysis and manual functional exploration, identified these genes to encode immune effectors and immunomodulators that contribute to macrophage-mediated immunity and to the maintenance of macrophage-mediated immune homeostasis. Further research into the translational regulatory network underlying the GR anti-inflammatory response could pave the way for the development of novel immunomodulatory therapeutic regimens with fewer undesirable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail A. Ansari
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology (IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Widad Dantoft
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology (IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jorge Ruiz-Orera
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Afzal P. Syed
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology (IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Blachut
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastiaan van Heesch
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology (IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,Metabolic Programming, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, ZIEL – Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany,Corresponding author.
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17
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Vicente-García C, Hernández-Camacho JD, Carvajal JJ. Regulation of myogenic gene expression. Exp Cell Res 2022; 419:113299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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RNA-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Adipogenesis and Adipose Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152357. [PMID: 35954201 PMCID: PMC9367552 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic represents a critical public health issue worldwide, as it is a vital risk factor for many diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is a complex disease involving excessive fat accumulation. Proper adipose tissue accumulation and function are highly transcriptional and regulated by many genes. Recent studies have discovered that post-transcriptional regulation, mainly mediated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), also plays a crucial role. In the lifetime of RNA, it is bound by various RBPs that determine every step of RNA metabolism, from RNA processing to alternative splicing, nucleus export, rate of translation, and finally decay. In humans, it is predicted that RBPs account for more than 10% of proteins based on the presence of RNA-binding domains. However, only very few RBPs have been studied in adipose tissue. The primary aim of this paper is to provide an overview of RBPs in adipogenesis and adipose function. Specifically, the following best-characterized RBPs will be discussed, including HuR, PSPC1, Sam68, RBM4, Ybx1, Ybx2, IGF2BP2, and KSRP. Characterization of these proteins will increase our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of RBPs in adipogenesis and provide clues for the etiology and pathology of adipose-tissue-related diseases.
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RBM24 in the Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Cancer Progression: Anti-Tumor or Pro-Tumor Activity? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071843. [PMID: 35406615 PMCID: PMC8997389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RBM24 is a highly conserved RNA-binding protein that plays critical roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression for initiating cell differentiation during embryonic development and for maintaining tissue homeostasis in adult life. Evidence is now accumulating that it is frequently dysregulated across human cancers. Importantly, RBM24 may act as a tumor suppressor or as an oncogene in a context- or background-dependent manner. Its activity can be regulated by protein–protein interactions and post-translational modifications, making it a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. However, molecular mechanisms underlying its function in tumor growth and metastasis remain elusive. Further investigation will be necessary to better understand how its post-transcriptional regulatory activity is controlled and how it is implicated in tumor progression. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent findings on the implication of RBM24 in cancer and proposes future research directions to delve more deeply into the mechanisms underlying its tumor-suppressive function or oncogenic activity. Abstract RNA-binding proteins are critical post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. They are implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes by modulating nearly every aspect of RNA metabolisms. Alterations in their expression and function disrupt tissue homeostasis and lead to the occurrence of various cancers. RBM24 is a highly conserved protein that binds to a large spectrum of target mRNAs and regulates many post-transcriptional events ranging from pre-mRNA splicing to mRNA stability, polyadenylation and translation. Studies using different animal models indicate that it plays an essential role in promoting cellular differentiation during organogenesis and tissue regeneration. Evidence is also accumulating that its dysregulation frequently occurs across human cancers. In several tissues, RBM24 clearly functions as a tumor suppressor, which is consistent with its inhibitory potential on cell proliferation. However, upregulation of RBM24 in other cancers appears to promote tumor growth. There is a possibility that RBM24 displays both anti-tumor and pro-tumor activities, which may be regulated in part through differential interactions with its protein partners and by its post-translational modifications. This makes it a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. The challenge remains to determine the post-transcriptional mechanisms by which RBM24 modulates gene expression and tumor progression in a context- or background-dependent manner. This review discusses recent findings on the potential function of RBM24 in tumorigenesis and provides future directions for better understanding its regulatory role in cancer cells.
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