1
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Liu H, Welburn JPI. A circle of life: platelet and megakaryocyte cytoskeleton dynamics in health and disease. Open Biol 2024; 14:240041. [PMID: 38835242 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets are blood cells derived from megakaryocytes that play a central role in regulating haemostasis and vascular integrity. The microtubule cytoskeleton of megakaryocytes undergoes a critical dynamic reorganization during cycles of endomitosis and platelet biogenesis. Quiescent platelets have a discoid shape maintained by a marginal band composed of microtubule bundles, which undergoes remarkable remodelling during platelet activation, driving shape change and platelet function. Disrupting or enhancing this process can cause platelet dysfunction such as bleeding disorders or thrombosis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the reorganization of the cytoskeleton in the platelet lineage. Recent studies indicate that the emergence of a unique platelet tubulin code and specific pathogenic tubulin mutations cause platelet defects and bleeding disorders. Frequently, these mutations exhibit dominant negative effects, offering valuable insights into both platelet disease mechanisms and the functioning of tubulins. This review will highlight our current understanding of the role of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the life and death of platelets, along with its relevance to platelet disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Liu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Julie P I Welburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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2
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Asghari P, Scriven DR, Shahrasebi S, Valdivia HH, Alsina KM, Valdivia CR, Navarro-Garcia JA, Wehrens XH, Moore ED. Phosphorylation of RyR2 simultaneously expands the dyad and rearranges the tetramers. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202213108. [PMID: 38385988 PMCID: PMC10883851 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that type II ryanodine receptors (RyR2) tetramers can be rapidly rearranged in response to a phosphorylation cocktail. The cocktail modified downstream targets indiscriminately, making it impossible to determine whether phosphorylation of RyR2 was an essential element of the response. Here, we used the β-agonist isoproterenol and mice homozygous for one of the following clinically relevant mutations: S2030A, S2808A, S2814A, or S2814D. We measured the length of the dyad using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and directly visualized RyR2 distribution using dual-tilt electron tomography. We found that the S2814D mutation, by itself, significantly expanded the dyad and reorganized the tetramers, suggesting a direct link between the phosphorylation state of the tetramer and its microarchitecture. S2808A and S2814A mutant mice, as well as wild types, had significant expansions of their dyads in response to isoproterenol, while S2030A mutants did not. In agreement with functional data from these mutants, S2030 and S2808 were necessary for a complete β-adrenergic response, unlike S2814 mutants. Additionally, all mutants had unique effects on the organization of their tetramer arrays. Lastly, the correlation of structural with functional changes suggests that tetramer-tetramer contacts play an important functional role. We thus conclude that both the size of the dyad and the arrangement of the tetramers are linked to the state of the channel tetramer and can be dynamically altered by a β-adrenergic receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Asghari
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David R.L. Scriven
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Saba Shahrasebi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hector H. Valdivia
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Carmen R. Valdivia
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J. Alberto Navarro-Garcia
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xander H.T. Wehrens
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edwin D.W. Moore
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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3
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Liu G, He M, Wu C, Lv P, Sun H, Wang H, Xin X, Liao H. Axonal injury mediated by neuronal p75NTR/TRAF6/JNK pathway contributes to cognitive impairment after repetitive mTBI. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114618. [PMID: 38029807 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) is one of the leading causes of cognitive disorders. The impairment of axonal integrity induced by rmTBI is speculated to underlie the progression of cognitive dysfunction. However, few studies have uncovered the cellular mechanism regulating axonal impairment. In this study, we showed that after rmTBI, the activation of neuronal p75NTR signaling contributes to abnormal axonal morphology and impaired axonal transport, which further leads to cognitive dysfunction in mice. By neuron-specific knockdown of p75NTR or treatment with p75NTR inhibitor LM11A-31, we observed better recovery of axonal integrity and cognitive function after brain trauma. Further analysis revealed that p75NTR relies on its adaptor protein TRAF6 to activate downstream signaling via TAK1 and JNK. Overall, our results provide novel insight into the role of neuronal p75NTR in axonal injury and suggest that p75NTR may be a promising target for cognitive function recovery after rmTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meijun He
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chaoran Wu
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pin Lv
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hao Sun
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Heng Wang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Hong Liao
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Chongqing 401135, China.
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4
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Chai Y, Li D, Gong W, Ke J, Tian D, Chen Z, Guo A, Guo Z, Li W, Feng W, Ou G. A plant flavonol and genetic suppressors rescue a pathogenic mutation associated with kinesin in neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311936121. [PMID: 38271337 PMCID: PMC10835061 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311936121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
KIF1A, a microtubule-based motor protein responsible for axonal transport, is linked to a group of neurological disorders known as KIF1A-associated neurological disorder (KAND). Current therapeutic options for KAND are limited. Here, we introduced the clinically relevant KIF1A(R11Q) variant into the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog UNC-104, resulting in uncoordinated animal behaviors. Through genetic suppressor screens, we identified intragenic mutations in UNC-104's motor domain that rescued synaptic vesicle localization and coordinated movement. We showed that two suppressor mutations partially recovered motor activity in vitro by counteracting the structural defect caused by R11Q at KIF1A's nucleotide-binding pocket. We found that supplementation with fisetin, a plant flavonol, improved KIF1A(R11Q) worms' movement and morphology. Notably, our biochemical and single-molecule assays revealed that fisetin directly restored the ATPase activity and processive movement of human KIF1A(R11Q) without affecting wild-type KIF1A. These findings suggest fisetin as a potential intervention for enhancing KIF1A(R11Q) activity and alleviating associated defects in KAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Chai
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weibin Gong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingyi Ke
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dianzhe Tian
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Angel Guo
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhengyang Guo
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangshuo Ou
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Hey S, Wiesner C, Barcelona B, Linder S. KIF16B drives MT1-MMP recycling in macrophages and promotes co-invasion of cancer cells. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302158. [PMID: 37696580 PMCID: PMC10494930 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP is a central effector of cellular proteolysis. Accordingly, regulation of the surface-localized pool of MT1-MMP is crucial for cell migration and invasion. Here, we identify the superprocessive kinesin KIF16B as a major driver of fast recycling of MT1-MMP to the surface of primary human macrophages. KIF16B associates with MT1-MMP on Rab14-positive vesicles, and its depletion results in strongly reduced MT1-MMP surface levels, as shown by microscopical, biochemical, and cell-sorting approaches. As a consequence, KIF16B-depleted macrophages exhibit strongly reduced matrix degradation and invasion. We further identify the cargo-binding C-terminus of KIF16B as a critical element of MT1-MMP transport, as its overexpression uncouples MT1-MMP vesicles from the endogenous motor, thus leading to a reduction of surface-associated MT1-MMP and to reduced matrix degradation and invasion. Importantly, depletion of KIF16B in primary macrophages also reduces the co-invasion of cancer cells from tumor spheroids, pointing to the KIF16B-driven recycling pathway in macrophages as an important regulatory element of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hey
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Wiesner
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bryan Barcelona
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Banerjee R, Gunawardena S. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and presenilin (PS) are key regulators of kinesin-1-mediated cargo motility within axons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1202307. [PMID: 37363727 PMCID: PMC10288942 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1202307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been a quarter century since the discovery that molecular motors are phosphorylated, but fundamental questions still remain as to how specific kinases contribute to particular motor functions, particularly in vivo, and to what extent these processes have been evolutionarily conserved. Such questions remain largely unanswered because there is no cohesive strategy to unravel the likely complex spatial and temporal mechanisms that control motility in vivo. Since diverse cargoes are transported simultaneously within cells and along narrow long neurons to maintain intracellular processes and cell viability, and disruptions in these processes can lead to cancer and neurodegeneration, there is a critical need to better understand how kinases regulate molecular motors. Here, we review our current understanding of how phosphorylation can control kinesin-1 motility and provide evidence for a novel regulatory mechanism that is governed by a specific kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and a scaffolding protein presenilin (PS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupkatha Banerjee
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Shermali Gunawardena
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Asghari P, Scriven DRL, Shahrasebi S, Valdivia HH, Wehrens XHT, Moore EDW. PHOSPHORYLATION OF RyR2 SIMULTANEOUSLY EXPANDS THE DYAD AND REARRANGES THE TETRAMERS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.23.541024. [PMID: 37292875 PMCID: PMC10245935 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.23.541024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that type II ryanodine receptors (RyR2) tetramers can be rapidly rearranged in response to a phosphorylation cocktail. The cocktail modified downstream targets indiscriminately making it impossible to determine whether phosphorylation of RyR2 was an essential element of the response. We therefore used the β-agonist isoproterenol and mice with one of the homozygous mutations, S2030A +/+ , S2808A +/+ , S2814A +/+ , or S2814D +/+ , to address this question and to elucidate the role of these clinically relevant mutations. We measured the length of the dyad using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and directly visualized RyR2 distribution using dual-tilt electron tomography. We found that: 1) The S2814D mutation, by itself, significantly expanded the dyad and reorganized the tetramers suggesting a direct link between the phosphorylation state of the tetramer and the microarchitecture. 2) All of the wild-type, as well as the S2808A and S2814A mice, had significant expansions of their dyads in response to ISO, while S2030A did not. 3) In agreement with functional data from the same mutants, S2030 and S2808 were necessary for a complete β-adrenergic response, whereas S2814 was not. 4) All the mutated residues had unique effects on the organization of their tetramer arrays. 5) The correlation of structure with function suggests that tetramer-tetramer contacts play an important functional role. We conclude that both the size of the dyad and the arrangement of the tetramers are linked to the state of the channel tetramer and can be dynamically altered by a β-adrenergic receptor agonist. Summary Analysis of RyR2 mutants suggests a direct link between the phosphorylation state of the channel tetramer and the microarchitecture of the dyad. All phosphorylation site mutations produced significant and unique effects on the structure of the dyad and its response to isoproterenol.
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Ishikawa H, Moore J, Diener DR, Delling M, Marshall WF. Testing the ion-current model for flagellar length sensing and IFT regulation. eLife 2023; 12:82901. [PMID: 36637158 PMCID: PMC9891718 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cilia and flagella are microtubule-based organelles whose relatively simple shape makes them ideal for investigating the fundamental question of organelle size regulation. Most of the flagellar materials are transported from the cell body via an active transport process called intraflagellar transport (IFT). The rate of IFT entry into flagella, known as IFT injection, has been shown to negatively correlate with flagellar length. However, it remains unknown how the cell measures the length of its flagella and controls IFT injection. One of the most-discussed theoretical models for length sensing to control IFT is the ion-current model, which posits that there is a uniform distribution of Ca2+ channels along the flagellum and that the Ca2+ current from the flagellum into the cell body increases linearly with flagellar length. In this model, the cell uses the Ca2+ current to negatively regulate IFT injection. The recent discovery that IFT entry into flagella is regulated by the phosphorylation of kinesin through a calcium-dependent protein kinase has provided further impetus for the ion-current model. To test this model, we measured and manipulated the levels of Ca2+ inside of Chlamydomonas flagella and quantified IFT injection. Although the concentration of Ca2+ inside of flagella was weakly correlated with the length of flagella, we found that IFT injection was reduced in calcium-deficient flagella, rather than increased as the model predicted, and that variation in IFT injection was uncorrelated with the occurrence of flagellar Ca2+ spikes. Thus, Ca2+ does not appear to function as a negative regulator of IFT injection, hence it cannot form the basis of a stable length control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ishikawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jeremy Moore
- Kenyon College, Gambier, and Summer Research Training Program at University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Dennis R Diener
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - Markus Delling
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Wallace F Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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Garbouchian A, Montgomery AC, Gilbert SP, Bentley M. KAP is the neuronal organelle adaptor for Kinesin-2 KIF3AB and KIF3AC. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar133. [PMID: 36200888 PMCID: PMC9727798 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-08-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-driven organelle transport is crucial for neuron development and maintenance, yet the mechanisms by which kinesins specifically bind their organelle cargoes remain undefined. In contrast to other transport kinesins, the neuronal function and specific organelle adaptors of heterodimeric Kinesin-2 family members KIF3AB and KIF3AC remain unknown. We developed a novel microscopy-based assay to define protein-protein interactions in intact neurons. The experiments found that both KIF3AB and KIF3AC bind kinesin-associated protein (KAP). These interactions are mediated by the distal C-terminal tail regions and not the coiled-coil domain. We used live-cell imaging in cultured hippocampal neurons to define the localization and trafficking parameters of KIF3AB and KIF3AC organelle populations. We discovered that KIF3AB/KAP and KIF3AC/KAP bind the same organelle populations and defined their transport parameters in axons and dendrites. The results also show that ∼12% of KIF3 organelles contain the RNA-binding protein adenomatous polyposis coli. These data point toward a model in which KIF3AB and KIF3AC use KAP as their neuronal organelle adaptor and that these kinesins mediate transport of a range of organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Garbouchian
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Andrew C. Montgomery
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Susan P. Gilbert
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Marvin Bentley
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180,*Address correspondence to: Marvin Bentley ()
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