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Marjani A, Poursharifi N, Sajedi A, Tatari M. Age and Sex-related Chromogranin A Gene Polymorphisms and its Association with Metabolic Syndrome Components. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2024; 39:45-52. [PMID: 38863909 PMCID: PMC11163322 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.039.01.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the possible differences in genetic polymorphisms and serum levels of chromogranin A (CgA), according to age and sex, in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methodology The genotyping and serum level of CgA and biochemical parameters were measured by the T-ARMS-PCR and PCR-RFLP and ELISA and spectrophotometer methods, respectively. Results A comparison of males with and without MetS showed significantly lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels than those of females.At ages 30-70 years, both sexes showed significant differences in triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), CgA levels and waist circumference (WC) when compared to the two groups. Both sexes with MetS indicated significant differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP) at ages 40-70 years, while at ages 40-59 years, there was a significant difference in HDL-C level in males.There was a significant correlation between serum levels of FBS, TG, SBP and WC (in both sexes), and CgA in subjects with MetS. Significant correlation was found between HDL-C level and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and CgA level in males and females, respectively. CgA genotype frequency (T-415C and C+87T polymorphisms) showed no significant differences between males and females with and without MetS, while there was only a significant difference in frequency of the genotypes T-415C when compared to males with and without MetS. Conclusion The CgA appears to be strongly associated with MetS components in both sexes. Variation in CgA gene expression may affect the T-415C polymorphism in males. This may mean that the structure of CgA genetics differs in different ethnic groups. Differences in the serum level and expression of CgA gene may show valuable study results that it may be expected a relationship between these variables and the MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoljalal Marjani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Province, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nahid Poursharifi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Province, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Atefe Sajedi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Province, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahin Tatari
- Biostatistics Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Province, Gorgan, Iran
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Tüten N, Tuten A, Gök K, Hamzaoglu K, Bulut H, Malik E, Guralp O. Serum Vasostatin-1 Level is Increased in Women with Preeclampsia. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2022; 226:178-185. [PMID: 35181881 DOI: 10.1055/a-1747-3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the serum vasostatin-1 levels in preeclamptic and non-preeclamptic pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty consecutive women with mild preeclampsia and sixty consecutive women with severe preeclampsia were compared with ninety gestational age-matched (±1 week) non-preeclamptic pregnant women with an appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) fetus. RESULTS Mean serum vasostatin-1 was significantly higher in women with preeclampsia than gestational age-matched controls. Mean serum vasostatin-1 was significantly higher in the mild preeclampsia group compared to its gestational age-matched control group, and in the severe preeclampsia group compared to its gestational age-matched control group. There was no significant difference in mean serum vasostatin-1 levels between the mild and severe preeclampsia groups, and in severe early- and severe late-onset preeclampsia groups. Serum vasostatin-1 had positive correlations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION Serum vasostatin-1 was significantly higher in women with preeclampsia compared to those of the gestational age-matched controls. There was no significant difference in mean serum vasostatin-1 levels between the mild and severe preeclampsia groups and severe early- and severe late-onset preeclampsia groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Tüten
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Tuten
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Fatih, Turkey
| | - Koray Gök
- Perinatology, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Kubra Hamzaoglu
- Obstetric and Gynecology, Istanbul Universitesi-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huri Bulut
- Biochemistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eduard Malik
- University Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Onur Guralp
- University Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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3
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Filice M, Cerra MC, Imbrogno S. The goldfish Carassius auratus: an emerging animal model for comparative cardiac research. J Comp Physiol B 2021; 192:27-48. [PMID: 34455483 PMCID: PMC8816371 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of unconventional model organisms is significantly increasing in different fields of research, widely contributing to advance life sciences understanding. Among fishes, the cyprinid Carassius auratus (goldfish) is largely used for studies on comparative and evolutionary endocrinology, neurobiology, adaptive and conservation physiology, as well as for translational research aimed to explore mechanisms that may be useful in an applicative biomedical context. More recently, the research possibilities offered by the goldfish are further expanded to cardiac studies. A growing literature is available to illustrate the complex networks involved in the modulation of the goldfish cardiac performance, also in relation to the influence of environmental signals. However, an overview on the existing current knowledge is not yet available. By discussing the mechanisms that in C. auratus finely regulate the cardiac function under basal conditions and under environmental challenges, this review highlights the remarkable flexibility of the goldfish heart in relation not only to the basic morpho-functional design and complex neuro-humoral traits, but also to its extraordinary biochemical-metabolic plasticity and its adaptive potential. The purpose of this review is also to emphasize the power of the heart of C. auratus as an experimental tool useful to investigate mechanisms that could be difficult to explore using more conventional animal models and complex cardiac designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Filice
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Sandra Imbrogno
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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The Emerging Roles of Chromogranins and Derived Polypeptides in Atherosclerosis, Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116118. [PMID: 34204153 PMCID: PMC8201018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA), B (CgB), and C (CgC), the family members of the granin glycoproteins, are associated with diabetes. These proteins are abundantly expressed in neurons, endocrine, and neuroendocrine cells. They are also present in other areas of the body. Patients with diabetic retinopathy have higher levels of CgA, CgB, and CgC in the vitreous humor. In addition, type 1 diabetic patients have high CgA and low CgB levels in the circulating blood. Plasma CgA levels are increased in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. CgA is the precursor to several functional peptides, including catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, pancreastatin, chromofungin, and many others. Catestatin, vasostain-1, and vasostatin-2 suppress the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human vascular endothelial cells. Catestatin and vasostatin-1 suppress oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation in human macrophages. Catestatin and vasostatin-2, but not vasostatin-1, suppress the proliferation and these three peptides suppress the migration in human vascular smooth muscles. Chronic infusion of catestatin, vasostatin-1, or vasostatin-2 suppresses the development of atherosclerosis of the aorta in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, and chromofungin protect ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats. Since pancreastatin inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, and regulates glucose metabolism in liver and adipose tissues, pancreastatin inhibitor peptide-8 (PSTi8) improves insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Catestatin stimulates therapeutic angiogenesis in the mouse hind limb ischemia model. Gene therapy with secretoneurin, a CgC-derived peptide, stimulates postischemic neovascularization in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and improves diabetic neuropathy in db/db mice. Therefore, CgA is a biomarker for atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. CgA- and CgC--derived polypeptides provide the therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and ischemia-induced tissue damages. PSTi8 is useful in the treatment of diabetes.
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5
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Alam MJ, Gupta R, Mahapatra NR, Goswami SK. Catestatin reverses the hypertrophic effects of norepinephrine in H9c2 cardiac myoblasts by modulating the adrenergic signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 464:205-219. [PMID: 31792650 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Catestatin (CST) is a catecholamine release-inhibitory peptide secreted from the adrenergic neurons and the adrenal glands. It regulates the cardiovascular functions and it is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Though its mechanisms of actions are not known, there are evidences of cross-talk between the adrenergic and CST signaling. We hypothesized that CST moderates the adrenergic overdrive and studied its effects on norepinephrine-mediated hypertrophic responses in H9c2 cardiac myoblasts. CST alone regulated the expression of a number of fetal genes that are induced during hypertrophy. When cells were pre-treated CST, it blunted the modulation of those genes by norepinephrine. Norepinephrine (2 µM) treatment also increased cell size and enhanced the level of Troponin T in the sarcomere. These effects were attenuated by the treatment with CST. CST attenuated the immediate generation of ROS and the increase in glutathione peroxidase activity induced by norepinephrine treatment. Expression of fosB and AP-1 promoter-reporter constructs was used as the endpoint readout for the interaction between the CST and adrenergic signals at the gene level. It showed that CST largely attenuates the stimulatory effects of norepinephrine and other mitogenic signals through the modulation of the gene regulatory modules in a characteristic manner. Depending upon the dose, the signaling by CST appears to be disparate, and at 10-25 nM doses, it primarily moderated the signaling by the β1/2-adrenoceptors. This study, for the first time, provides insights into the modulation of adrenergic signaling in the heart by CST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jahangir Alam
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Fridabad, 121001, India
| | - Richa Gupta
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Shyamal K Goswami
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Fridabad, 121001, India.
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6
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Imbrogno S, Filice M, Cerra MC. Exploring cardiac plasticity in teleost: the role of humoral modulation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 283:113236. [PMID: 31369729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The fish heart represents an established natural model for evaluating basic mechanisms of the coordinated physiological reactions which maintain cardiac steady-state. This is due to its relatively simple design, but also to its multilevel morpho-functional flexibility which allows adequate responses to a variety of intrinsic (body size and shape, swimming performance, etc.), and extrinsic (temperature, salinity, oxygen level, water chemistry, etc.) factors related to the animal life style. Nowadays, although many gaps are still present, a huge literature is available about the mechanisms that fine-tune fish cardiac performance, particularly in relation to the influence exerted by substances possessing cardio-modulatory properties. Based on these premises, this review will provide an overview of the existing current knowledge regarding the humoral control of cardiac performance in fish. The role of both classic (i.e. catecholamines, angiotensin II and natriuretic peptides), and emerging cardioactive substances (i.e. the chromogranin-A-derived peptides vasostatins, catestatin and serpinin) will be illustrated and discussed. Moreover, an example of cardiomodulation elicited by peptides (e.g., nesfatin-1) associated to the regulation of feeding and metabolism will be provided. The picture will hopefully emphasize the complex circuits that sustain fish cardiac performance, also highliting the power of the teleost heart as an experimental model to deciphering mechanisms that could be difficult to explore in more elaborated cardiac morpho-functional designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Imbrogno
- Dept of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (BEST), University of Calabria, 87030, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Filice
- Dept of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (BEST), University of Calabria, 87030, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Dept of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (BEST), University of Calabria, 87030, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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Mahata SK, Corti A. Chromogranin A and its fragments in cardiovascular, immunometabolic, and cancer regulation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1455:34-58. [PMID: 31588572 PMCID: PMC6899468 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA)-the index member of the chromogranin/secretogranin secretory protein family-is ubiquitously distributed in endocrine, neuroendocrine, and immune cells. Elevated levels of CgA-related polypeptides, consisting of full-length molecules and fragments, are detected in the blood of patients suffering from neuroendocrine tumors, heart failure, renal failure, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Full-length CgA and various CgA-derived peptides, including vasostatin-1, pancreastatin, catestatin, and serpinin, are expressed at different relative levels in normal and pathological conditions and exert diverse, and sometime opposite, biological functions. For example, CgA is overexpressed in genetic hypertension, whereas catestatin is diminished. In rodents, the administration of catestatin decreases hypertension, cardiac contractility, obesity, atherosclerosis, and inflammation, and it improves insulin sensitivity. By contrast, pancreastatin is elevated in diabetic patients, and the administration of this peptide to obese mice decreases insulin sensitivity and increases inflammation. CgA and the N-terminal fragment of vasostatin-1 can enhance the endothelial barrier function, exert antiangiogenic effects, and inhibit tumor growth in animal models, whereas CgA fragments lacking the CgA C-terminal region promote angiogenesis and tumor growth. Overall, the CgA system, consisting of full-length CgA and its fragments, is emerging as an important and complex player in cardiovascular, immunometabolic, and cancer regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Metabolic Physiology & Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Angelo Corti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
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8
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Modulation of the coronary tone in the expanding scenario of Chromogranin-A and its derived peptides. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1501-1511. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac function critically depends on an adequate myocardial oxygenation and on a correct coronary blood flow. Endothelial, hormonal and extravascular factors work together generating a fine balance between oxygen supply and oxygen utilization through the coronary circulation. Among the regulatory factors that contribute to the coronary tone, increasing attention is paid to the cardiac endocrines, such as chromogranin A, a prohormone for many biologically active peptides, including vasostatin and catestatin. In this review, we will summarize the available evidences about the coronary effects of these molecules, and their putative mechanism of action. Laboratory and clinical data on chromogranin A and its derived fragments will be analyzed in relation to the scenario of the endocrine heart, and of its putative clinical perspectives.
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Rocca C, Scavello F, Colombo B, Gasparri AM, Dallatomasina A, Granieri MC, Amelio D, Pasqua T, Cerra MC, Tota B, Corti A, Angelone T. Physiological levels of chromogranin A prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity without impairing its anticancer activity. FASEB J 2019; 33:7734-7747. [PMID: 30973759 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802707r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of doxorubicin (Doxo), a widely used anticancer chemotherapeutic drug, is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. We have investigated whether chromogranin A (CgA), a cardioregulatory protein released in the blood by the neuroendocrine system and by the heart itself, may contribute to regulation of the cardiotoxic and antitumor activities of Doxo. The effects of a physiologic dose of full-length recombinant CgA on Doxo-induced cardiotoxicity and antitumor activity were investigated in rats using in vivo and ex vivo models and in murine models of melanoma, fibrosarcoma, lymphoma, and lung cancer, respectively. The effect of Doxo on circulating levels of CgA was also investigated. In vivo and ex vivo mechanistic studies showed that CgA can prevent Doxo-induced heart inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, fibrosis, and ischemic injury. On the other hand, CgA did not impair the anticancer activity of Doxo in all the murine models investigated. Furthermore, we observed that Doxo can reduce the intracardiac expression and release of CgA in the blood (i.e., an important cardioprotective agent). These findings suggest that administration of low-dose CgA to patients with low levels of endogenous CgA might represent a novel approach to prevent Doxo-induced adverse events without impairing antitumor effects.-Rocca, C., Scavello, F., Colombo, B., Gasparri, A. M., Dallatomasina, A., Granieri, M. C., Amelio, D., Pasqua, T., Cerra, M. C., Tota, B., Corti, A., Angelone, T. Physiological levels of chromogranin A prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity without impairing its anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Francesco Scavello
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Barbara Colombo
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gasparri
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Dallatomasina
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Granieri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Daniela Amelio
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruno Tota
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
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10
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Chronic use of proton pump inhibitors, adverse events and potential biological mechanisms: A translational analysis. Therapie 2018; 73:273-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Li W, Webster KA, LeBlanc ME, Tian H. Secretogranin III: a diabetic retinopathy-selective angiogenic factor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:635-647. [PMID: 28856381 PMCID: PMC5771826 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Secretogranin III (Scg3) is a member of the granin protein family that regulates the biogenesis of secretory granules. Scg3 was recently discovered as an angiogenic factor, expanding its functional role to extrinsic regulation. Unlike many other known angiogenic factors, the pro-angiogenic actions of Scg3 are restricted to pathological conditions. Among thousands of quantified endothelial ligands, Scg3 has the highest binding activity ratio to diabetic vs. healthy mouse retinas and lowest background binding to normal vessels. In contrast, vascular endothelial growth factor binds to and stimulates angiogenesis of both diabetic and control vasculature. Consistent with its role in pathological angiogenesis, Scg3-neutralizing antibodies alleviate retinal vascular leakage in mouse models of diabetic retinopathy and retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy mice. This review summarizes our current knowledge of Scg3 as a regulatory protein of secretory granules, highlights its new role as a highly disease-selective angiogenic factor, and envisions Scg3 inhibitors as "selective angiogenesis blockers" for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Keith A Webster
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Michelle E LeBlanc
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hong Tian
- Everglades Biopharma, Miami, FL, 33156, USA
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12
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Saavedra JM, Armando I. Angiotensin II AT2 Receptors Contribute to Regulate the Sympathoadrenal and Hormonal Reaction to Stress Stimuli. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:85-108. [PMID: 28884431 PMCID: PMC6668356 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II, through AT1 receptor stimulation, mediates multiple cardiovascular, metabolic, and behavioral functions including the response to stressors. Conversely, the function of Angiotensin II AT2 receptors has not been totally clarified. In adult rodents, AT2 receptor distribution is very limited but it is particularly high in the adrenal medulla. Recent results strongly indicate that AT2 receptors contribute to the regulation of the response to stress stimuli. This occurs in association with AT1 receptors, both receptor types reciprocally influencing their expression and therefore their function. AT2 receptors appear to influence the response to many types of stressors and in all components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The molecular mechanisms involved in AT2 receptor activation, the complex interactions with AT1 receptors, and additional factors participating in the control of AT2 receptor regulation and activity in response to stressors are only partially understood. Further research is necessary to close this knowledge gap and to clarify whether AT2 receptor activation may carry the potential of a major translational advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Saavedra
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, Bldg. D, Room 287, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
| | - I Armando
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ross Hall Suite 738 2300 Eye Street, Washington, DC, USA
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13
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Corti A, Marcucci F, Bachetti T. Circulating chromogranin A and its fragments as diagnostic and prognostic disease markers. Pflugers Arch 2017; 470:199-210. [PMID: 29018988 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA), a secretory protein released in the blood by neuroendocrine cells and neurons, is the precursor of various bioactive fragments involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, metabolism, innate immunity, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. After the original demonstration that circulating CgA can serve as a biomarker for a wide range of neuroendocrine tumors, several studies have shown that increased levels of CgA can be present also in the blood of patients with cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and inflammatory diseases with, in certain cases, important diagnostic and prognostic implications. Considering the high structural and functional heterogeneity of the CgA system, comprising precursor and fragments, it is not surprising that the different immunoassays used in these studies led, in some cases, to discrepant results. Here, we review these notions and we discuss the importance of measuring total-CgA, full-length CgA, specific fragments, and their relative levels for a more thorough assessment of the pathophysiological function and diagnostic/prognostic value of the CgA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Corti
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Marcucci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bachetti
- Clinical Trials Centre, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Benyamin B, Maihofer AX, Schork AJ, Hamilton BA, Rao F, Schmid-Schönbein GW, Zhang K, Mahata M, Stridsberg M, Schork NJ, Biswas N, Hook VY, Wei Z, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Nievergelt CM, Whitfield JB, O'Connor DT. Identification of novel loci affecting circulating chromogranins and related peptides. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:233-242. [PMID: 28011710 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromogranins are pro-hormone secretory proteins released from neuroendocrine cells, with effects on control of blood pressure. We conducted a genome-wide association study for plasma catestatin, the catecholamine release inhibitory peptide derived from chromogranin A (CHGA), and other CHGA- or chromogranin B (CHGB)-related peptides, in 545 US and 1252 Australian subjects. This identified loci on chromosomes 4q35 and 5q34 affecting catestatin concentration (P = 3.40 × 10-30 for rs4253311 and 1.85 × 10-19 for rs2731672, respectively). Genes in these regions include the proteolytic enzymes kallikrein (KLKB1) and Factor XII (F12). In chromaffin cells, CHGA and KLKB1 proteins co-localized in catecholamine storage granules. In vitro, kallikrein cleaved recombinant human CHGA to catestatin, verified by mass spectrometry. The peptide identified from this digestion (CHGA360-373) selectively inhibited nicotinic cholinergic stimulated catecholamine release from chromaffin cells. A proteolytic cascade involving kallikrein and Factor XII cleaves chromogranins to active compounds both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beben Benyamin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mats Stridsberg
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden and
| | | | | | | | | | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Subramanian L, Khan AA, Allu PKR, Kiranmayi M, Sahu BS, Sharma S, Khullar M, Mullasari AS, Mahapatra NR. A haplotype variant of the human chromogranin A gene ( CHGA) promoter increases CHGA expression and the risk for cardiometabolic disorders. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13970-13985. [PMID: 28667172 PMCID: PMC5572921 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.778134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The acidic glycoprotein chromogranin A (CHGA) is co-stored/co-secreted with catecholamines and crucial for secretory vesicle biogenesis in neuronal/neuroendocrine cells. CHGA is dysregulated in several cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are not well established. Here, we sought to identify common polymorphisms in the CHGA promoter and to explore the mechanistic basis of their plausible contribution to regulating CHGA protein levels in circulation. Resequencing of the CHGA promoter in an Indian population (n = 769) yielded nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): G-1106A, A-1018T, T-1014C, T-988G, G-513A, G-462A, T-415C, C-89A, and C-57T. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis indicated strong LD among SNPs at the -1014, -988, -462, and -89 bp positions and between the -1018 and -57 bp positions. Haplotype analysis predicted five major promoter haplotypes that displayed differential promoter activities in neuronal cells; specifically, haplotype 2 (containing variant T alleles at -1018 and -57 bp) exhibited the highest promoter activity. Systematic computational and experimental analyses revealed that transcription factor c-Rel has a role in activating the CHGA promoter haplotype 2 under basal and pathophysiological conditions (viz. inflammation and hypoxia). Consistent with the higher in vitro CHGA promoter activity of haplotype 2, individuals carrying this haplotype had higher plasma CHGA levels, plasma glucose levels, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index. In conclusion, these results suggest a functional role of the CHGA promoter haplotype 2 (occurring in a large proportion of the world population) in enhancing CHGA expression in haplotype 2 carriers who may be at higher risk for cardiovascular/metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Subramanian
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036
| | - Abrar A Khan
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036
| | - Prasanna K R Allu
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036
| | - Malapaka Kiranmayi
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036
| | - Bhavani S Sahu
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Madhu Khullar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Ajit S Mullasari
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai 600037
| | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036.
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Cheng YY, An JD, Feng S, Ge W. [Changes in serum chromogranin A and urotensin II levels in children with chronic heart failure]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:313-317. [PMID: 28302203 PMCID: PMC7390140 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the changes in serum chromogranin A (CgA) and urotensin II (U II) levels in children with chronic heart failure (CHF) and their clinical significance. METHODS A total of 58 children with CHF, among whom 17 had endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) and 41 had dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), were selected as CHF group, and 20 healthy children were selected as control group. Serum levels of CgA and U II were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was determined by bi-directional lateral flow immunoassay. Ventricular remodeling indices were measured using echocardiography. The correlation between serum CgA and U II levels and ventricular remodeling was evaluated by Pearson correlation or Spearman's rank correlation analysis. RESULTS There were no significant differences in serum CgA and NT-proBNP levels between children with grade II heart function and the control group (P>0.05). However, the serum CgA and NT-proBNP levels gradually increased as the heart function grade increased, and were significantly higher in grade III and IV children compared to those in the control group (P<0.05). U II levels were lower in children with grade II, III, or IV heart function than those in the control group (P<0.05), and significantly decreased with the aggravation of CHF (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in CgA and U II levels between patients with EFE and DCM (P>0.05). Serum CgA concentration was positively correlated with left ventricular mass index (LVMI), NT-proBNP, and cardiac function classification (r=0.279, 0.649, and 0.778 respectively; P<0.05), but was negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), and U II (r=-0.369, -0.322, and -0.718 respectively; P<0.05). Serum U II concentration was negatively correlated with NT-proBNP and cardiac function classification (r=-0.472 and -0.591 respectively; P<0.05), but was not correlated with LVMI, LVEF, and LVFS (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS CgA may play a role in ventricular remodeling in children with CHF. Serum CgA and U II may serve as a reference for the diagnosis and functional classification of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Bachetti T, Ferrari Bardile A, Aloi TL, Colombo B, Assi E, Savino G, Vercelli A, Colombo R, Corti A. Plasma levels of vasostatin-1, a chromogranin A fragment, are associated with carotid artery maximum stenosis: A pilot study. Int J Cardiol 2017; 236:438-443. [PMID: 28190616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromogranin A (CgA), a circulating protein released by the neuroendocrine system, can regulate vascular physiology and angiogenesis. Full-length CgA (CgA1-439) and its fragment CgA1-76 (called vasostatin-1, VS-1) preserve the physiological integrity of the endothelial barrier function and are antiangiogenic, whereas CgA1-373 is proangiogenic. We investigated whether these polypeptides are altered in patients with various degrees of carotid artery atherosclerosis. METHODS We studied 81 patients with carotid artery atherosclerosis, asymptomatic for cerebrovascular diseases. Carotid arteries were examined by Doppler ultrasound and plaque characteristics were recorded. Plasma levels of CgA1-439, VS-1, CgA1-373, and total-CgA (CgA1-439 plus truncated fragments lacking part or the entire C-terminal region) were assessed by specific ELISAs. RESULTS Plasma levels of VS-1 and total-CgA correlated with carotid artery maximum stenosis (r=0.349, p=0.001 and r=0.256, p=0.021, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that VS-1 was a significant predictor of maximum stenosis after adjustment for age, gender, and conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis (regression coefficient=12.42, SE=4.84, p=0.012). In addition, logistic regression analysis indicated that relatively high levels of full-length CgA, but not total-CgA, predict the presence of hypoechoic, lipid-rich plaques (OR=1.47; 95% CI: 1.19-1.81, p=0.0003). CONCLUSION VS-1 is independently associated with carotid artery maximum stenosis. Furthermore, full-length CgA is an independent indicator of hypoechoic plaques, likely reflecting initial stages of atherosclerosis. Given the known capability of CgA and VS-1 to regulate vascular function and angiogenesis these polypeptides might play a role in the regulation of atherosclerosis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bachetti
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia, Clinical Trials Centre, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ferrari Bardile
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia and IRCCS Montescano, Angiology Unit, Pavia and Montescano, Italy
| | - Teresa Lucia Aloi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia and IRCCS Montescano, Angiology Unit, Pavia and Montescano, Italy
| | - Barbara Colombo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Tumour Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Assi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Tumour Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Savino
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia and IRCCS Montescano, Angiology Unit, Pavia and Montescano, Italy
| | - Andrea Vercelli
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia and IRCCS Montescano, Angiology Unit, Pavia and Montescano, Italy
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia, Bioengineering Service, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Tumour Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
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19
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Xu W, Yu H, Li W, Gao W, Guo L, Wang G. Plasma Catestatin: A Useful Biomarker for Coronary Collateral Development with Chronic Myocardial Ischemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149062. [PMID: 27304618 PMCID: PMC4909297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Catestatin is an endogenous multifunctional neuroendocrinepeptide. Recently, catestatin was discovered as a novel angiogenic cytokine. The study was to investigate the associations between endogenous catestatin and coronary collateral development among the patients with chronic myocardial ischemia. Methods Thirty-eight patients with coronary artery chronic total occlusions (CTO) (CTO group) and 38 patients with normal coronary arteries (normal group) were enrolled in the series. Among the patients with CTO, coronary collateral development was graded according to the Rentrop score method. Rentrop score 0–1 collateral development was regarded as poor collateral group and 2–3 collateral development was regarded as good collateral group. Plasma catestatin level and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured by ELISA kits. Results The plasma catestatin levels in CTO group were significantly higher than that in normal group (1.97±1.01 vs 1.36±0.97ng/ml, p = 0.009). In the CTO group, the patients with good collateral development had significantly higher catestatin and VEGF levels than those with poor collateral development (2.36±0.73 vs 1.61±1.12 ng/ml, p = 0.018; 425.23±140.10 vs 238.48±101.00pg/mL, p<0.001). There is a positive correlation between plasma catestatin levels and Rentrop scores (r = 0.40, p = 0.013) among the patients with CTO. However, there is no correlations between plasma catestatin levels and VEGF (r = -0.06, p = 0.744). In the multiple linear regression models, plasma catestatin level was one of the independent factors of coronary collateral development after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions Plasma catestatin was associated with coronary collateral developments. It may be a useful biomarker for coronary collateral development and potential target for therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with CTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Haiyi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lijun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guisong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
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20
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Ferrero E, Corti A, Haroche J, Belloni D, Colombo B, Berti A, Cavalli G, Campochiaro C, Villa A, Cohen-Aubart F, Amoura Z, Doglioni C, Dagna L, Ferrarini M. Plasma Chromogranin A as a marker of cardiovascular involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1181244. [PMID: 27622037 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1181244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) characterized by tissue infiltration with CD68(+) foamy histiocytes. TNF-related chronic inflammation and mutations in the MAP kinase signaling pathway in histiocytes are recognized as the two major pathogenic events. Among pleomorphic clinical manifestations, cardiovascular involvement is frequent and prognostically relevant. Evaluation of ECD clinical course and response to treatment is, however, still challenging. Taking advantage of the two largest cohorts of ECD patients worldwide, we investigated the relevance and the potential of circulating Chromogranin A (CgA), a pro-hormone involved in cardiovascular homeostasis and inflammation, as a biomarker of response to therapy in ECD. Consistent with other TNF-related inflammatory diseases, we found that not only TNF-α and soluble TNF-Receptors (sTNF-Rs), but also CgA plasma levels were significantly increased in ECD patients compared to controls. CgA, but not sTNF-Rs, discriminated cardiovascular involvement in ECD patients and correlated with pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (pro-BNP). In a single case, where a cardiac biopsy was available, CgA was found expressed by cardiomyocytes but not by infiltrating histiocytes. In four ECD patients, where serial determination of these parameters was obtained, the kinetics of sTNF-Rs and CgA paralleled response to therapy with anti-cytokine inhibitors; specifically, sTNF-Rs overlapped TNF-associated inflammation, while CgA, together with pro-BNP, closely mirrored response of cardiac disease. Our data indicate that both sTNF-Rs and CgA are linked to ECD pathophysiology. Moreover, CgA, in concert with pro-BNP, can be further exploited to fulfill the unmet clinical need of non-invasive reliable biomarkers of cardiac disease in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Ferrero
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Julien Haroche
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris, France
| | - Daniela Belloni
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Colombo
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan, Italy
| | - Alvise Berti
- Department of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cavalli
- Department of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- Department of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fleur Cohen-Aubart
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris, France
| | - Zahir Amoura
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris, France
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Department of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Department of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Ferrarini
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review summarizes the utility and limitations of chromogranin A (CgA) as a circulating biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). RECENT FINDINGS Blood CgA measurement has numerous clinical limitations including poor assay reproducibility, low sensitivity (meta-analysis: 73%, 95% confidence interval: 0.71-0.76), and a paucity of prospective validation studies. A recent study noted elevation in 27% of NETs with a predictive value of 50% for metastases. These findings are consistent with its efficacy primarily as a monoanalyte secretory rather than multidimensional neoplastic marker. An automated CgA assay (KRYPTOR) exhibits similar metrics to the DAKO assay but is only useful in serum and routine storage diminishes its accuracy. Current studies indicate that CgA is more effective as a biomarker for cardiac disease. Given the diverse limitations of CgA, NET biomarker focus has evolved toward measurement of multiple analytes, for example, transcripts. Multianalyte algorithmic analyses perform significantly better as diagnostic (>95%) and prognostic markers (>90%) than CgA (30-74 and ∼50%, respectively) since they delineate different aspects of the biological behavior of NETs, (e.g., proliferome and metabolome). SUMMARY CgA is neither a reliable nor robust NET biomarker. As a monoanalyte, it is restricted by poor metrics and has limited predictive value. Its current clinical utility appears optimal in cardiovascular disease. The significance of CgA in NET disease is diminishing as other analytical approaches, particularly transcript multianalyte assays or other strategies, evolve to supersede it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kidd
- aWren Laboratories, Branford, Connecticut, USA bDivision of Nuclear Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy cSchool of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Senni M, D'Elia E, Emdin M, Vergaro G. Biomarkers of Heart Failure with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2016; 243:79-108. [PMID: 28181009 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are increaingly being used in the management of heart failure not only for the purpose of screening, diagnosis, and risk stratification, but also as a guide to evaluate the response to treatment in the individual patient and as an entry criterion and/or a surrogate marker of efficacy in clinical trials testing novel drugs. In this chapter, we review the role of established biomarkers for heart failure management, according to the main classification of HF phenotypes, based on the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction, including heart failure with reduced (<40%), preserved (≥50%), and, as recently proposed, mid-range (40-49%) ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Senni
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
- CardioVascular Department, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Emilia D'Elia
- CardioVascular Department, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Life Science Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Life Science Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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Pasqua T, Tota B, Penna C, Corti A, Cerra MC, Loh Y P, Angelone T. pGlu-serpinin protects the normotensive and hypertensive heart from ischemic injury. J Endocrinol 2015; 227:167-178. [PMID: 26400960 PMCID: PMC4651656 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Serpinin peptides derive from proteolytic cleavage of Chromogranin-A at C-terminus. Serpinin and the more potent pyroglutaminated-serpinin (pGlu-Serp) are positive cardiac β-adrenergic-like modulators, acting through β1-AR/AC/cAMP/PKA pathway. Because in some conditions this pathway and/or other pro-survival pathways, activated by other Chromogranin-A fragments, may cross-talk and may be protective, here we explored whether pGlu-Serp cardioprotects against ischemia/reperfusion injury under normotensive and hypertensive conditions. In the latter condition, cardioprotection is often blunted because of the limitations on pro-survival Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinases (RISK) pathway activation. The effects of pGlu-Serp were evaluated on infarct size (IS) and cardiac function by using the isolated and Langendorff perfused heart of normotensive (Wistar Kyoto, WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats exposed to ischemic pre-conditioning (PreC) and post-conditioning (PostC). In both WKY and SHR rat, pGlu-Serp induced mild cardioprotection in both PreC and PostC. pGlu-Serp administered at the reperfusion (Serp-PostC) significantly reduced IS, being more protective in SHR than in WKY. Conversely, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDevP) post-ischemic recovery was greater in WKY than in SHR. pGlu-Serp-PostC reduced contracture in both strains. Co-infusion with specific RISK inhibitors (PI3K/Akt, MitoKATP channels and PKC) blocked the pGlu-Serp-PostC protective effects. To show direct effect on cardiomyocytes, we pre-treated H9c2 cells with pGlu-Serp, which were thus protected against hypoxia/reoxygenation. These results suggest pGlu-Serp as a potential modulatory agent implicated in the protective processes that can limit infarct size and overcome the hypertension-induced failure of PostC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pasqua
- Dept of Biology, Ecology, and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - B Tota
- Dept of Biology, Ecology, and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - C Penna
- Dept of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Corti
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Molecular Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M C Cerra
- Dept of Biology, Ecology, and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - P Loh Y
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md 20892, USA
| | - T Angelone
- Dept of Biology, Ecology, and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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Leon-Ariza DS, Leon-Ariza JS, Leon-Sarmiento FE. "Unclassical" Combination of Smell Dysfunction, Altered Abdominal Nociception and Human Hypertension Associated "Classical" Adrenal-Augmentation. J Med Cases 2015; 6:527-533. [PMID: 26688704 DOI: 10.14740/jmc2330w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a 33-year-old female patient, who arrived to the emergency ward with an abdominal pain that suddenly started 10 days before admission. Simultaneously, the patient developed sudden arterial hypertension and smell disturbances. Conventional medical treatment for pain and arterial hypertension was effortless. Laboratory tests ruled out pancreatitis. Metanephrines in her urine were also normal. A dual-phase intravenous contrast computed tomography of the abdomen showed a large mass within left adrenal gland. Adrenocortical adenoma was diagnosed. The mass was not hypervascularized but positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin A. Importantly, these proteins are heavily involved with acetylcholine metabolism. The triad of olfactory disorders, pain and arterial hypertension normalized after surgically extracting the adrenal mass. To our knowledge, this medical case is the first reported patient exhibiting immediate recovery of such unclassical triad of local and remote findings. The function and dysfunction of key nanocholinergic pathways involved with smell, blood pressure and nociception would explain the pathophysiology of this unique medical case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Leon-Ariza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander - UDES, Bucaramanga, Colombia ; Mediciencias Research Group, Unicolciencias/Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Juan S Leon-Ariza
- Mediciencias Research Group, Unicolciencias/Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia ; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
| | - Fidias E Leon-Sarmiento
- Smell & Taste Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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Altered chromogranin A circulating levels in Meniere's disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:643420. [PMID: 25983374 PMCID: PMC4423029 DOI: 10.1155/2015/643420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Meniere's disease (MD) is an inner ear disorder characterized by episodic vertigo, ear fullness, and hearing loss; usually vertigo attacks cluster in specific period. We studied in MD patients the circulating levels of chromogranin A (CgA) and vasostatin-1 (VS-1), secreted by the neuroendocrine system and involved in the regulation of the endothelial barrier function. METHODS Serum levels were assessed in 37 MD patients and 36 controls. The ratio between VS-1 and CgA was calculated. RESULTS CgA was increased in patients compared to controls (1.46 versus 0.67 nM, p = 0.01) while no difference was detected for VS-1 (0.41 versus 0.39, resp.). CgA levels in patients positively correlated with the frequency of vertigo spells in the previous four weeks (p = 0.008) and negatively with the time in days from the last vertigo attack (p = 0.018). Furthermore, the VS-1/CgA ratio negatively correlated with the frequency of vertigo spells (p = 0.029) and positively correlated with the time from the last attack (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION The results indicate that variations of CgA levels, but not of VS-1, occur in the blood of patients with active MD, depending on the frequency of vertigo spells and the time from the last crisis.
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