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Liu Q, Cao X, Yue T, Zhang F, Bai S, Liu L. Removal of tetracycline in aqueous solution by iron-loaded biochar derived from polymeric ferric sulfate and bagasse. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:87185-87198. [PMID: 37418186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the tetracycline (TC) removal performance of iron-loaded biochar (BPFSB) derived from sugarcane bagasse and polymerized iron sulfate was investigated, and the mechanism of TC removal was also explored by study of isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics and characterization of fresh and used BPFSB (XRD, FTIR, SEM and XPS). The results showed that under optimized conditions (initial pH 2; BPFSB dosage 0.8 g·L-1; TC initial concentration 100 mg·L-1; Contact time 24 h; temperature 298 K), the removal efficiency of TC was as high as 99.03%. The isothermal removal of TC followed well the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models, indicating that multilayer surface chemisorption dominated the TC removal. The maximum removal capacity of TC by BPFSB at different temperatures was 185.5 mg·g-1 (298 K), 192.7 mg·g-1 (308 K), and 230.9 mg·g-1 (318 K), respectively. The pseudo-second-kinetic model described the TC removal better, while its rate-controlling step was a combination of liquid film diffusion, intraparticle diffusion, and chemical reaction. Meanwhile, TC removal was also a spontaneous and endothermic process, during which the randomness and disorder between the solid-liquid interface was increased. According to the characterization of BPFSBs before and after TC removal, H-bonding and complexation were the major interactions for TC surface adsorption. Furthermore, BPFSB was efficiently regenerated by NaOH. In summary, BPFSB had the potential for practical application in TC removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojing Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xingfeng Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Tiantian Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Shaoyuan Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Liheng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Zhang P, Liu C, Lao D, Nguyen XC, Paramasivan B, Qian X, Inyinbor AA, Hu X, You Y, Li F. Unveiling the drives behind tetracycline adsorption capacity with biochar through machine learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11512. [PMID: 37460544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a robust predictive model for tetracycline (TC) adsorption onto biochar (BC) by employing machine learning techniques to investigate the underlying driving factors. Four machine learning algorithms, namely Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), were used to model the adsorption of TC on BC using the data from 295 adsorption experiments. The analysis revealed that the RF model had the highest predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.9625) compared to ANN (R2 = 0.9410), GBDT (R2 = 0.9152), and XGBoost (R2 = 0.9592) models. This study revealed that BC with a specific surface area (S (BET)) exceeding 380 cm3·g-1 and particle sizes ranging between 2.5 and 14.0 nm displayed the greatest efficiency in TC adsorption. The TC-to-BC ratio was identified as the most influential factor affecting adsorption efficiency, with a weight of 0.595. The concentration gradient between the adsorbate and adsorbent was demonstrated to be the principal driving force behind TC adsorption by BC. A predictive model was successfully developed to estimate the sorption performance of various types of BC for TC based on their properties, thereby facilitating the selection of appropriate BC for TC wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Oasis Agriculture (Tarim University), Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, 843300, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Oasis Agriculture (Tarim University), Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, 843300, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Dongqing Lao
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Oasis Agriculture (Tarim University), Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, 843300, China.
- College of Information Engineering, Tarim University, Xinjiang, 843300, China.
| | - Xuan Cuong Nguyen
- Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Balasubramanian Paramasivan
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Xiaoyan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Oasis Agriculture (Tarim University), Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, 843300, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Adejumoke Abosede Inyinbor
- Department of Physical Sciences, Industrial Chemistry Programme, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Xuefei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Oasis Agriculture (Tarim University), Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, 843300, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Yongjun You
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Oasis Agriculture (Tarim University), Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, 843300, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Fayong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Oasis Agriculture (Tarim University), Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, 843300, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Xinjiang, 843300, China
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Liu Y, Gao W, Yin S, Liu R, Li Z. Efficient removal of tetracycline from aqueous solution by K 2CO 3 activated penicillin fermentation residue biochar. Front Chem 2022; 10:1078877. [PMID: 36583157 PMCID: PMC9792616 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1078877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, biochar was prepared using penicillin fermentation residue (PR) as the raw material by different methods. The adsorption behavior and adsorption mechanism of biochar on tetracycline (TC) in an aqueous environment were investigated. The results showed that K2CO3 as an activator could effectively make porous structures, and that biochar with mesoporous or microporous could be prepared in a controlled manner with two kinds of different activation methods, the dry mixing method and the impregnation method. The dry mixing method could create more mesopores, while the impregnation method could prepare more micropores. Microporous biochar (IKBCH) with a high specific surface area could be prepared by the impregnation method combined with HCl soaking, which has an excellent adsorption effect on tetracycline. When the concentration of tetracycline was 200 mg/L, the removal rate of 99.91% could be achieved with the dosage of microporous biochar at 1 g/L. The adsorption process was in accordance with the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of IKBCH was 268.55 mg/g (25°C). The adsorption mechanisms were pore filling, π-π interaction, electrostatic adsorption, and hydrogen bond. Its stable and wide applicability adsorption process does not cause ecological pollution in the aqueous environment, and it is a promising biochar adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China,Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China,School of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sijie Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China,Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China,School of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zaixing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China,Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Zaixing Li,
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Luo Y, Han Y, Hua Y, Xue M, Yu S, Zhang L, Yin Z, Li X, Ma X, Wu H, Liu T, Shen Y, Gao B. Step scheme nickel-aluminium layered double hydroxides/biochar heterostructure photocatalyst for synergistic adsorption and photodegradation of tetracycline. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136802. [PMID: 36220437 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Improving the adsorption ability of layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been considered as a promising strategy to promote its photodegradation of aqueous pollutants. In this work, nickel-aluminium layered double hydroxides (NiAl-LDH)/biochar nanocomposites were prepared using a simple coprecipitation method, and then applied in synergistic adsorption-photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) in aqueous solutions. In addition, the governing TC removal mechanisms by the nanocomposites were revealed. All NiAl-LDH/BC samples showed strong adsorption and photodegradation of TC. The Langmuir maximum TC adsorption capacity of optimized NiAl-LDH/BC-0.5 reached 124.2 mg/g, which was much better than that of NiAl-LDH (56.1 mg/g) and biochar (11.1 mg/g). Besides, TC photodegradation rate constant of NiAl/BC-0.5 was 3.6 and 4.4 times of that of NiAl-LDH and BC, respectively. The NiAl/BC-0.5 exhibited the maximum TC adsorption-photodegradation efficiency 94.4% in 90 min compared to NiAl-LDH (73.7%) and BC (48.2%). The rate constant of modified Elovich kinetic model for synergistic adsorption and photodegradation on NiAl/BC-0.5 (9.477 min-1) was the highest among the composites. The NiAl-LDH/BC had significantly larger BET surface areas than NiAl-LDH and BC. The step scheme (S-scheme) heterostructures were constructed on the interface of BC and NiAl-LDH in nanocomposites, which facilitated the transfer of photo-induced charges. This work demonstrates that combination of NiAl-LDH and biochar can create synergy for TC adsorption-photodegradation, which is a promising and green strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Luo
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Control of Metallic Materials of Jiangxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Control of Metallic Materials of Jiangxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Ying Hua
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Control of Metallic Materials of Jiangxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Mingshan Xue
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Control of Metallic Materials of Jiangxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China.
| | - Shuohan Yu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Longshuai Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Zuozhu Yin
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Control of Metallic Materials of Jiangxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Xibao Li
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Control of Metallic Materials of Jiangxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Xuewen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Humic Acid Fertilizer of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Technology Co. Ltd, Feicheng, Shandong, 271600, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Humic Acid Fertilizer of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Technology Co. Ltd, Feicheng, Shandong, 271600, China
| | - Tongxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Humic Acid Fertilizer of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Technology Co. Ltd, Feicheng, Shandong, 271600, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Humic Acid Fertilizer of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Technology Co. Ltd, Feicheng, Shandong, 271600, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States.
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Zhang G, Li L, Zhou G, Lin Z, Wang J, Wang G, Ling F, Liu T. Recyclable aminophenylboronic acid modified bacterial cellulose microspheres for tetracycline removal: Kinetic, equilibrium and adsorption performance studies for hoggery sewer. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119544. [PMID: 35636715 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significant concerns have been raised regarding to the pollution of antibiotics in recent years due to the abuse of antibiotics and their high detection rate in water. Herein, a novel super adsorbent, boronic acid-modified bacterial cellulose microspheres with a size of 415 μm in diameter was prepared through a facile water-in-oil emulsion method. The adsorbent was characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses to confirm its properties. The microspheres were applied as packing materials for the adsorption of tetracycline (TC) from an aqueous solution and hoggery sewer via the reversible covalent interaction between cis-diol groups in TC molecules and the boronic acid ligand. TC adsorption performance had been systemically investigated under various conditions, including the pH, temperature, TC concentration, contact time, and ionic strength. Results showed that the adsorption met pseudo-second-order, Elovich kinetic model and Sips, Redlich-Peterson isothermal models. And the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, with the maximum TC adsorption capacity of 614.2 mg/g. After 18 adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity remained as high as 84.5% compared with their original adsorption capacity. Compared with other reported adsorption materials, the microspheres had high adsorption capacity, a simple preparation process, and excellent recovery performance, demonstrating great potential in application on TC removal for water purification and providing new insights into the antibiotic's adsorption behavior of bacterial cellulose-based microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengrong Zhang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A & F University, Gaoxin South 4th Road, Shenzhen Virtual University Park Building, High-Tech Industrial Park, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Linhan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Guoqing Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Zhiyang Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Dongtong Road no.1124, Neijiang, Sichuan, 641100, PR China
| | - Gaoxue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Tianqiang Liu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A & F University, Gaoxin South 4th Road, Shenzhen Virtual University Park Building, High-Tech Industrial Park, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China.
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Murad HA, Ahmad M, Bundschuh J, Hashimoto Y, Zhang M, Sarkar B, Ok YS. A remediation approach to chromium-contaminated water and soil using engineered biochar derived from peanut shell. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112125. [PMID: 34592252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) is one of the major environmental concerns due to its excessive discharge through effluents from the leather tanning industry. Peanut production leads to the generation of residual shells as waste calling for sustainable disposal. In this study, we employed an innovative approach of applying peanut-shell-derived pristine and engineered biochar for the remediation of Cr-contaminated wastewater and soil. The peanut shell waste was converted to biochar, which was further engineered with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, a commonly used cationic surfactant). The biochars were then used for the adsorption and immobilization of Cr(VI) in water and soil, respectively. The adsorption experiments demonstrated high Cr(VI) removal efficiency for the engineered biochar (79.35%) compared with the pristine biochar (37.47%). The Langmuir model best described the Cr(VI) adsorption onto the biochars (R2 > 0.97), indicating monolayer adsorption. Meanwhile, the adsorption kinetics indicated that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism of interaction between the Cr(VI) and the biochars, as indicated by the best fitting to the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.98). Adsorption through the fixed-bed column also presented higher Cr(VI) adsorption onto the engineered biochar (qeq = 22.93 mg g-1) than onto the pristine biochar (qeq = 18.54 mg g-1). In addition, the desorption rate was higher for the pristine biochar column (13.83 mg g-1) than the engineered biochar column (10.45 mg g-1), indicating that Cr(VI) was more strongly adsorbed onto the engineered biochar. A higher immobilization of Cr(VI) was observed in the soil with the engineered biochar than with the pristine biochar, as was confirmed by the significant decreases in the Cr(VI) bioavailability (92%), leachability (100%), and bioaccessibility (97%) compared with the control (soil without biochar). The CTAB-engineered biochar could thus potentially be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal and the immobilization of Cr(VI) in water and soil, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Afia Murad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mahtab Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan; UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
| | - Yohey Hashimoto
- Department of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, No. 258 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Mrozik W, Minofar B, Thongsamer T, Wiriyaphong N, Khawkomol S, Plaimart J, Vakros J, Karapanagioti H, Vinitnantharat S, Werner D. Valorisation of agricultural waste derived biochars in aquaculture to remove organic micropollutants from water - experimental study and molecular dynamics simulations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113717. [PMID: 34547568 PMCID: PMC8542888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we evaluated the valorisation of agricultural waste materials by transforming coconut husks and shells, corncobs and rice straw into biochar for water treatment in aquaculture. We compared the biochars' suitability for removal of organic micropollutants (acetaminophen, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, atrazine, diuron and diclofenac) from surface water needed for aquaculture. The biochars were prepared by three methods ranging from inexpensive drum kilns (200 °C) to pyrolysis with biogasfication (350-750 °C). Overall, antibiotics tetracycline and enrofloxacin were the most strongly sorbed micropollutants, and coconut husk biochar prepared at 750 °C was the best sorbent material. Molecular Dynamics simulations indicated that the major sorption mechanism is via π-π stacking interactions and there is a possibility of multilayer sorption for some of the micropollutants. We observed, a strong impact of ionic strength (salinity), which is an important consideration in coastal aquaculture applications. High salinity decreased the sorption for antibiotics oxytetracycline, tetracycline and enrofloxacin but increased diclofenac, atrazine and diuron sorption. We considered coconut husk biochar produced in drum kilns the most practical option for biochar applications in small-scale coastal aquacultures in South Asia. Pilot trials of canal water filtration at an aquaculture farm revealed that micropollutant sorption by coconut husk biochar under real-world conditions might be 10-500 times less than observed in the laboratory studies. Even so, biochar amendment of sand enhanced the micropollutant retention, which may facilitate subsequent biodegradation and improve the quality of brackish surface water used for food production in coastal aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Mrozik
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
| | - Babak Minofar
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 136, 37333, Nové Hrady, Czech Republic.
| | - Thunchanok Thongsamer
- Environmental Technology Program, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-uthit road, Bangmod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Nathacha Wiriyaphong
- Environmental Technology Program, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-uthit road, Bangmod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Sasiwimol Khawkomol
- Energy and Environmental Engineering Center, Faculty of Engineering at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jidapa Plaimart
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - John Vakros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | | | - Soydoa Vinitnantharat
- Environmental Technology Program, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-uthit road, Bangmod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - David Werner
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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Wu J, Wang L, Ma H, Zhou J. Investigation of element migration characteristics and product properties during biomass pyrolysis: a case study of pine cones rich in nitrogen. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34795-34805. [PMID: 35494777 PMCID: PMC9042726 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06652h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To further understand the element migration characteristics and product properties during biomass pyrolysis, herein, pine cone (PC) cellulose and PC lignin were prepared, and their pyrolysis behavior was determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Subsequently, the PC was pyrolyzed in a vertical fixed bed reactor system at 400–700 °C for 60 min. The characteristics of element migration and the physicochemical properties of the pyrolysis products were analyzed and discussed. In the pyrolysis temperature range from 200 °C to 500 °C, there were two distinct weight loss peaks for PC. During the pyrolysis process, the C element was primarily retained in the biochar, while the O element mainly migrated into liquid and gaseous products in the form of compounds such as CO2, CO, and H2O. Besides, 28.42–76.01% of the N element in PC migrated into biochar. Of the three-phase products, the gases endow the lowest energy yield, while the energy of the biochar dominates the pyrolysis of the PC. Additionally, the N content and specific surface area for the PC-derived biochar obtained at 400 °C in a N2 atmosphere were higher than those of the biochar derived from fiberboard. To further understand the element migration characteristics and product properties during biomass pyrolysis, herein, pine cone (PC) cellulose and PC lignin were prepared, and their pyrolysis behavior was determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielong Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Liangcai Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Jianbin Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
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9
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Han X, Zhang H, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Zhang N, Liang J. Preparation of Sepiolite Nanofibers Supported Zero Valent Iron Composite Material for Catalytic Removal of Tetracycline in Aqueous Solution. Front Chem 2021; 9:736285. [PMID: 34568284 PMCID: PMC8456004 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.736285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The heavy use of antibiotics in medicine, stock farming and agriculture production has led to their gradual accumulation in environmental media, which poses a serious threat to ecological environment and human safety. As an efficient and promising catalyst for the degradation of antibiotics, nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this study, sepiolite nanofiber supported zero valent iron (nZVI/SEP) composite was prepared via a facile and environmentally friendly method. The nZVI particles (with size of 20–60 nm) were dispersed evenly on the surface of sepiolite nanofibers, and the catalytic performance for the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) in aqueous system was investigated. The effect of nZVI loading amount, catalyst dosage, H2O2 concentration and pH on the removal efficiency of TC-HCl were studied. It was revealed that the sepiolite supporter effectively inhibited the agglomeration of nZVI particles and increased the contact area between contaminant and the active sites, resulting in the higher catalytic performance than pure nZVI material. The TC-HCl removal efficiency of nZVI/SEP composite was up to 92.67% when TC-HCl concentration of 20 mg/L, catalyst dosage of 1.0 g/L, H2O2 concentration of 1.0 mM, pH value of 7. Therefore, the nZVI/SEP composites possess high catalytic activity for TC-HCl removal and have great application prospects in antibiotic wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information (Hebei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Power Source and Ecomaterials Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information (Hebei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Power Source and Ecomaterials Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information (Hebei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Power Source and Ecomaterials Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information (Hebei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Power Source and Ecomaterials Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information (Hebei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Power Source and Ecomaterials Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinsheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information (Hebei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Power Source and Ecomaterials Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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10
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Melamine-cyanurate supramolecule induced graphitic N-rich graphene for singlet oxygen-dominated peroxymonosulfate activation to efficiently degrade organic pollutants. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Scaria J, Anupama KV, Nidheesh PV. Tetracyclines in the environment: An overview on the occurrence, fate, toxicity, detection, removal methods, and sludge management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145291. [PMID: 33545482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tetracyclines (TCs) are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics having vast human, veterinary, and aquaculture applications. The continuous release of TCs residues into the environment and the inadequate removal through the conventional treatment systems result in its prevalent occurrence in soil, surface water, groundwater, and even in drinking water. As aqueous TCs contamination is the tip of the iceberg, and TCs possess good sorption capacity towards soil, sediments, sludge, and manure, it is insufficient to rely on the sorptive removal in the conventional water treatment plants. The severity of the TCs contamination is evident from the emergence of TCs resistance in a wide variety of microorganisms. This paper reviews the recent research on the TCs occurrence in the environmental matrices, fate in natural systems, toxic effects, and the removal methods. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of TCs in environmental samples and the associated technology developments are analyzed. The benefits and limitations of biochemical and physicochemical removal processes are also discussed. This work draws attention to the inevitability of proper TC sludge management. This paper also gives insight into the limitations of TCs related research and the future scope of research in environmental contamination by TCs residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimy Scaria
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - K V Anupama
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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12
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CoFe2O4@methylcellulose synthesized as a new magnetic nanocomposite to tetracycline adsorption: modeling, analysis, and optimization by response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Xu D, Yang L, Zhao M, Zhang J, Syed-Hassan SSA, Sun H, Hu X, Zhang H, Zhang S. Conversion and transformation of N species during pyrolysis of wood-based panels: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116120. [PMID: 33341552 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the migration and conversion of nitrogen in wood-based panels (WBPs) during pyrolysis is fundamentally important for potentially transforming the N-containing species into valuable material-based products. This review firstly summarizes the commonly used methods for examining N evolution during the WBPs pyrolysis before probing into the association between the wood and adhesives.The potential effects of wood-adhesive interaction on the pyrolysis process are subsequently analyzed. Furthermore, the controversial statements from literature on the influence of adhesives on wood pyrolysis behavior are discussed, which is followed by the detailed investigation into the distribution and evolution of N-containing species in gas, liquid and char, respectively, during WBPs pyrolysis in recent studies. The differences in N species due to the heating sources (i.e. electrical heating vs microwave heating) are particularly compared. Finally, based on the characteristics of staged pyrolysis, co-pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis, the converting pathways for WBPs are proposed with an emphasis on the production of value-added chemicals and carbon materials, simultaneously mitigating NOx emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | | | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
| | - Xun Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China.
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14
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Zhou J, Wang L, Zhang P, Chen Y, Zhang L, Ma H, Zhang Y, Chen D. Features and Commercial Performance of a System of Biomass Gasification for Simultaneous Clean Heating and Activated Carbon Production. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26110-26115. [PMID: 33073138 PMCID: PMC7557938 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is a renewable and clean energy. Moreover, clean heating plays a vital role in solving issues related to the heating source structures in northern China. This paper reports on our novel technology: a system of biomass (mainly fruitwood waste, referred to in short as FWW) gasification for simultaneous clean heating and fruitwood activated carbon (FAC) production. In particular, we will discuss the features of our gasification system and product characteristics, as well as energy efficiency, environmental benefits, and economic benefits. The results showed that the energy conversion from FWW gasification was as follows: 48.10% hot gas, 49.08% fruitwood gasified carbon (FGC), and 2.82% energy loss. The NO x emissions of this system were about 126 mg/Nm3. The iodine adsorption values of the derived FGC and FAC were about 550 and 1000 mg/g, respectively. The system of gasification consumed 36 t of FWW per day, obtained 10 t of FGC, and produced 5 t of FAC. The emissions of CO2 were neutral during the operation, and the clean heating area was 4100 m2/d in Chengde, Hebei, China, with the payback period under one heating season. These results show that the system is practical, economical, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Zhou
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Liangcai Wang
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Pengyuan Zhang
- Chengde
Huajing Activated Carbon Co., Ltd., 067500 Chengde, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Chengde
Huajing Activated Carbon Co., Ltd., 067500 Chengde, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Dengyu Chen
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
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15
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N Evolution and Physiochemical Structure Changes in Chars during Co-Pyrolysis: Effects of Abundance of Glucose in Fiberboard. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13195105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The simple incineration of wood-based panels (WBPs) waste generates a significant amount of NOx, which has led to urgency in developing a new method for treating the N-containing biomass residues. This work aims to examine the N evolution and physiochemical structural changes during the co-pyrolysis of fiberboard and glucose, where the percentage of glucose in the feedstock was varied from 0% to 70%. It was found that N retention in chars was monotonically increased with increasing use of glucose, achieving ~60% N fixation when the glucose accounted for 70% in the mixture. Pyrrole-N (N-5) and Pyridine-N (N-6) were preferentially formed at high ratios of glucose to fiberboard. While the relevant importance of volatile–char interactions to N retention and transformation could be observed, the volatile–volatile reactions from the two feedstocks played a vital role in the increase in abundance of glucose. With the introduction of glucose, the porous structure and porosity in chars from the co-pyrolysis were dramatically altered, whereas the devolatilization of glucose tended to generate larger pores than the fiberboard. The insignificant changes in carbon structure of all chars revealed by Raman spectroscopy would practically allow us to apply the monosaccharides to the WBPs for regulating N evolution without concerns about its side effects for char carbon structures.
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Jun L, Wei H, Aili M, Juan N, Hongyan X, Jingsong H, Yunhua Z, Cuiying P. Effect of lychee biochar on the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil using sunflower: A field experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109886. [PMID: 32846652 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of soils is a serious issue with various consequences in Hunan Province. Here, we aimed to determine the effect and action mechanisms of lychee biochar on the remediation of Pb, Cd, As, and Zn from soil using sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Different amounts of lychee biochar (2.5, 5, and 10%) were added to heavy metal-contaminated soil in the Shuikoushan mining area, Hunan Province. The effects of biochar on the biomass of sunflower plants, and the accumulation and distribution of Pb, Cd, As, and Zn in sunflower plants, and changes in Pb, Cd, As, and Zn concentrations in the rhizosphere soil were studied. The application of biochar stimulated the growth of the sunflower plants, with the maximum biomass recorded in the 5% biochar treatment; however, above this level, biochar inhibited plant growth. Pb, Cd, As, and Zn in sunflower plants were redistributed with biochar addition. The concentration of Pb, Cd, As, and Zn in the leaves and receptacles of sunflower plants increased with biochar application, but their concentration in the roots, stems, and seeds significantly decreased compared with the control. The total amount of accumulated Pb, Cd, and As in sunflower plants increased by 22.9-58.9%, 15.8-42.3%, and 67.9-110%, respectively, compared with that in the control. In the biochar treatments, the total amount of accumulated Zn in sunflowers decreased by 13.8-37.2%, compared with that in the control. The accumulated Pb, Cd, and As in sunflower plants have an antagonistic effect on Zn required by sunflowers. The sunflower plants significantly reduced the concentration of Pb, Cd, As, and Zn in contaminated soil (P < 0.05), which decreased by 12.4, 11.0, 4.35, and 8.17%, respectively, compared with that before planting sunflower. The addition of biochar in heavy metal-contaminated soil significantly enhanced the heavy metal-remediation effect of sunflower. Compared with the control (0% biochar), 10% biochar application decreased the Pb, Cd, As, and Zn concentrations in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants, by 40.6, 31.6, 35.4, and 30.8%, respectively. In conclusion, lychee biochar enhanced the remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Jun
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Huang Wei
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Mo Aili
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ni Juan
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xie Hongyan
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Hu Jingsong
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhu Yunhua
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Peng Cuiying
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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Li K, Wang B, Bolatibieke D, Nan DH, Lu Q. Pyrolysis of Biomass Impregnated With Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate for Polygeneration of Phenol and Supercapacitor Electrode Material. Front Chem 2020; 8:436. [PMID: 32509737 PMCID: PMC7248177 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new method was proposed for polygeneration of phenol and supercapacitor electrode material from pyrolysis of biomass impregnated with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4). The pyrolysis experiments were executed to demonstrate the product distributions under different NH4H2PO4-to-poplar (PA-to-PL) ratios and pyrolysis temperatures in a lab-scale device. The results revealed that the phenol yield attained its optimal value of 4.57 wt% with a satisfactory selectivity of 20.09% at 500°C under PA-to-PL ratio of 0.6. The pyrolytic solid product obtained at this condition was then subjected to high temperature activation directly without additional activators to prepare N and P co-doped activated carbon (NPAC) as supercapacitor. The physicochemical analysis of NPAC showed that the N and P contents in NPAC reached 3.75 and 3.65 wt%, respectively. The electrochemical experiments executed in a three-electrode system indicated that the NPAC exhibited promising electrochemical performance with a satisfactory capacitance of 181.3 F g-1 at 1 A g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Dana Bolatibieke
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Hong Nan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
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