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Li Q, Yan F, Texter J. Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3813-3931. [PMID: 38512224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso length-scales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macro-scale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods. Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially cross-linking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuli-responsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printing. The largest components of these applications are energy related and include developments for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. We conclude with our vision of how PIL development will evolve over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - John Texter
- Strider Research Corporation, Rochester, New York 14610-2246, United States
- School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197, United States
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2
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Awad MN, Brown SJ, Abraham AN, Sezer D, Han Q, Wang X, Le TC, Elbourne A, Bryant G, Greaves TL, Bryant SJ. Biophysical Characterization and Cryopreservation of Mammalian Cells Using Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:2504-2515. [PMID: 38416751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a diverse class of solvents which can be selected for task-specific properties, making them attractive alternatives to traditional solvents. To tailor ILs for specific biological applications, it is necessary to understand the structure-property relationships of ILs and their interactions with cells. Here, a selection of carboxylate anion-based ILs were investigated as cryoprotectants, which are compounds added to cells before freezing to mitigate lethal freezing damage. The cytotoxicity, cell permeability, thermal behavior, and cryoprotective efficacy of the ILs were assessed with two model mammalian cell lines. We found that the biophysical interactions, including permeability of the ILs, were influenced by considering the IL pair together, rather than as single species acting independently. All of the ILs tested had high cytotoxicity, but ethylammonium acetate demonstrated good cryoprotective efficacy for both cell types tested. These results demonstrate that despite toxicity, ILs may be suitable for certain biological applications. It also demonstrates that more research is required to understand the contribution of ion pairs to structure-property relationships and that knowing the behavior of a single ionic species will not necessarily predict its behavior as part of an IL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyah N Awad
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Stuart J Brown
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Amanda N Abraham
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Dilek Sezer
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Qi Han
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- School of Engineering, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Digital Services, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3008, Australia
| | - Tu C Le
- School of Engineering, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Tamar L Greaves
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Saffron J Bryant
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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3
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Carvalho RM, Santos LMNBF, Bastos M, Costa JCS. Carbon-Induced Changes in the Morphology and Wetting Behavior of Ionic Liquids on the Mesoscale. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38343280 PMCID: PMC10883047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Thin films of ionic liquids (ILs) have gained significant attention due to their unique properties and broad applications. Extensive research has focused on studying the influence of ILs' chemical composition and substrate characteristics on the structure and morphology of IL films at the nano- and mesoscopic scales. This study explores the impact of carbon-coated surfaces on the morphology and wetting behavior of a series of alkylimidazolium-based ILs. Specifically, this work investigates the effect of carbon coating on the morphology and wetting behavior of short-chain ([C2C1im][NTf2] and [C2C1im][OTf]) and long-chain ([C8C1im][NTf2] and [C8C1im][OTf]) ILs deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO), silver (Ag), and gold (Au) substrates. A reproducible vapor deposition methodology was utilized for the deposition process. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to analyze the morphological and structural characteristics of the substrates and obtained IL films. The experimental data revealed that the IL films deposited on carbon-coated Au substrates showed minor changes in their morphology compared to that of the films deposited on clean Au surfaces. However, the presence of carbon coatings on the ITO and Ag surfaces led to significant morphological alterations in the IL films. Specifically, for short-chain ILs, the carbon film surface induced 2D growth of the IL film, followed by subsequent island growth. In contrast, for long-chain ILs deposited on carbon surfaces, layer-by-layer growth occurred without island formation, resulting in highly uniform and coalesced IL films. The extent of morphological changes observed in the IL films was found to be influenced by two crucial factors: the thickness of the carbon film on the substrate surface and the amount of IL deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M Carvalho
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, P4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís M N B F Santos
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, P4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Bastos
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, P4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José C S Costa
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, P4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Zhou T, Gui C, Sun L, Hu Y, Lyu H, Wang Z, Song Z, Yu G. Energy Applications of Ionic Liquids: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12170-12253. [PMID: 37879045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) consisting entirely of ions exhibit many fascinating and tunable properties, making them promising functional materials for a large number of energy-related applications. For example, ILs have been employed as electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion, as heat transfer fluids and phase-change materials for thermal energy transfer and storage, as solvents and/or catalysts for CO2 capture, CO2 conversion, biomass treatment and biofuel extraction, and as high-energy propellants for aerospace applications. This paper provides an extensive overview on the various energy applications of ILs and offers some thinking and viewpoints on the current challenges and emerging opportunities in each area. The basic fundamentals (structures and properties) of ILs are first introduced. Then, motivations and successful applications of ILs in the energy field are concisely outlined. Later, a detailed review of recent representative works in each area is provided. For each application, the role of ILs and their associated benefits are elaborated. Research trends and insights into the selection of ILs to achieve improved performance are analyzed as well. Challenges and future opportunities are pointed out before the paper is concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhou
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Chengmin Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longgang Sun
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department for Process Systems Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Zhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gangqiang Yu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
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5
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Kaur G, Mehra S, Kumar H, Kumar A. Exploring the aggregation behaviour and antibiotic binding ability of thiazolium-based surface-active ionic liquids; Understanding transportation of poorly water-soluble drug. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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6
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Ashish Kumar A, Dakeshwar Kumar V, Berdimurodov E. Recent trends in noble-metals based composite materials for supercapacitors: A comprehensive and development review. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Hernández SI, Altava B, Portillo-Rodríguez JA, Santamaría-Holek I, García-Alcántara C, Luis SV, Compañ V. The Debye length and anionic transport properties of composite membranes based on supported ionic liquid-like phases (SILLPS). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29731-29746. [PMID: 36458515 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01519f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An analysis of the ionic transport properties of BMIM [NTf2] in supported ionic-liquid-like phase (SILLP)-based membranes has been carried out based on experimental impedance spectroscopy measurements. The direct current (dc)-conductivity was analyzed to determine the temperature and frequency dependence. The fit of the loss tangent curve data with the Cole-Cole approximation of the electrode polarization model provides the conductivity, diffusivity, and density of charge carriers. Among these quantities, a significant increase in conductivity is observed when an ionic liquid is added to the polymeric matrix containing imidazolium fragments. The use of a recent generalization of Eyring's absolute rate theory allowed the elucidation of how the local entropy restrictions, due to the porosity of the polymeric matrix, control the conductive process. The fit of the conductivity data as a function of temperature manifests the behavior of the excess entropy with respect to the temperature. The activation entropy and enthalpy were also determined. Our results correlate the Debye length (LD) with the experimental values of conductivity, electrode polarization relaxation time, and sample relaxation time involved. Our work provides novel insights into the description of ionic transport in membranes as the diffusivity, mobility, and free charge density depend on the LD. Moreover, we discuss the behavior of the polarization relaxation time, the sample relaxation time, and the static permittivity as a function of the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Hernández
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación-Juriquilla, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Juriquilla, Querétaro, CP 76230, Mexico.
| | - Belen Altava
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, 12080-Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - J A Portillo-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Quéretaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Centro Universitario, C.P. 760009, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Iván Santamaría-Holek
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación-Juriquilla, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Juriquilla, Querétaro, CP 76230, Mexico.
| | - C García-Alcántara
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Juriquilla, Querétaro, CP 76230, Mexico.
| | - Santiago V Luis
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, 12080-Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Vicente Compañ
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada, Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022-Valencia, Spain.
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8
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Shrestha LK, Shahi S, Gnawali CL, Adhikari MP, Rajbhandari R, Pokharel BP, Ma R, Shrestha RG, Ariga K. Phyllanthus emblica Seed-Derived Hierarchically Porous Carbon Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8335. [PMID: 36499823 PMCID: PMC9739855 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The electrical double-layer supercapacitance performance of the nanoporous carbons prepared from the Phyllanthus emblica (Amala) seed by chemical activation using the potassium hydroxide (KOH) activator is reported. KOH activation was carried out at different temperatures (700-1000 °C) under nitrogen gas atmosphere, and in a three-electrode cell set-up the electrochemical measurements were performed in an aqueous 1 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. Because of the hierarchical pore structures with well-defined micro- and mesopores, Phyllanthus emblica seed-derived carbon materials exhibit high specific surface areas in the range of 1360 to 1946 m2 g-1, and the total pore volumes range from 0.664 to 1.328 cm3 g-1. The sample with the best surface area performed admirably as the supercapacitor electrode-material, achieving a high specific capacitance of 272 F g-1 at 1 A g-1. Furthermore, it sustained 60% capacitance at a high current density of 50 A g-1, followed by a remarkably long cycle-life of 98% after 10,000 subsequent charging/discharging cycles, demonstrating the electrode's excellent rate-capability. These results show that the Phyllanthus emblica seed would have significant possibilities as a sustainable carbon-source for the preparing high-surface-area activated-carbons desired in high-energy-storage supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Kumar Shrestha
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8573, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sabina Shahi
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal
| | - Chhabi Lal Gnawali
- Department of Applied Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur, Kathmandu 44700, Nepal
| | | | - Rinita Rajbhandari
- Department of Applied Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur, Kathmandu 44700, Nepal
| | - Bhadra P. Pokharel
- Department of Applied Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering (IOE), Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur, Kathmandu 44700, Nepal
| | - Renzhi Ma
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rekha Goswami Shrestha
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 277-8561, Kashiwa, Japan
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9
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EMI-BF4 electrolyte and Al2O3/PVDF-HFP modified PE separator for high capacitance retention and cycle stability in supercapacitors. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Gallegos A, Wu J. Enhancing the capacitive performance of microporous materials with protic ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Beckmann JBB, Rauber D, Philippi F, Goloviznina K, Ward-Williams JA, Sederman AJ, Mantle MD, Pádua A, Kay CWM, Welton T, Gladden LF. Molecular Dynamics of Ionic Liquids from Fast-Field Cycling NMR and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7143-7158. [PMID: 36094902 PMCID: PMC9511496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Understanding the connection between the molecular structure
of
ionic liquids and their properties is of paramount importance for
practical applications. However, this connection can only be established
if a broad range of physicochemical properties on different length
and time scales is already available. Even then, the interpretation
of the results often remains ambiguous due to the natural limits of
experimental approaches. Here we use fast-field cycling (FFC) to access
both translational and rotational dynamics of ionic liquids. These
combined with a comprehensive physicochemical characterization and
MD simulations provide a toolkit to give insight into the mechanisms
of molecular mechanics. The FFC results are consistent with the computer
simulation and conventional physicochemical approaches. We show that
curling of the side chains around the positively charged cationic
core is essential for the properties of ether-functionalized ionic
liquids, and we demonstrate that neither geometry nor polarity alone
are sufficient to explain the macroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian B B Beckmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Rauber
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Frederik Philippi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kateryna Goloviznina
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon & CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Jordan A Ward-Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Andy J Sederman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mick D Mantle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Agílio Pádua
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon & CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Christopher W M Kay
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn F Gladden
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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Dutta A, Mishra DK, Kundu D, Mahanta U, Jiang SP, Silvester DS, Banerjee T. Examining the Electrochemical Nature of an Ionogel Based on the Ionic Liquid [P 66614][TFSI] and TiO 2: Synthesis, Characterization, and Quantum Chemical Calculations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Dhirendra Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Debashis Kundu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India
| | - Upasana Mahanta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - San Ping Jiang
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Debbie S. Silvester
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Tamal Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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13
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14
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Montes-Campos H, Rivera-Pousa A, Méndez-Morales T. Density functional theory of alkali metals at the IL/graphene electrochemical interface. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:014706. [PMID: 34998333 DOI: 10.1063/5.0077449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of charge transfer between metal ions and graphene in the presence of an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) is investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. For that purpose, two different comparisons are established: (i) the behavior of Li+ and K+ when adsorbed onto the basal plane of graphene and (ii) the differences between Li+ approaching the carbon surface from the basal plane and being intercalated through the edge plane of trilayer graphene. In the first case, it is found that the metal ions must overcome high energy barriers due to their interaction with the ionic liquid before reaching an equilibrium position close to the interface. In addition, no significant charge transfer between any of the metals and graphene takes place until very close energetically unfavorable distances. The second configuration shows that Li+ has no equilibrium position in the proximity of the interface but instead has an equilibrium position when it is inside the electrode for which it has to cross an energy barrier. In this case, the formation of a LiC12 complex is observed since the charge transfer at the equilibrium distance is achieved to a considerable extent. Thus, the interfacial charge transfer resistance on the electrode in energy devices based on ionic liquids clearly depends not only on the binding of the ionic liquid to the metal cations and their ability to form a dense solvation shell around them but also on the surface topography and its effect on the ion packing on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Montes-Campos
- Grupo de Nanomateriais, Fotónica e Materia Branda, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Rivera-Pousa
- Grupo de Nanomateriais, Fotónica e Materia Branda, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Méndez-Morales
- Grupo de Nanomateriais, Fotónica e Materia Branda, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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15
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Galluzzi M, Marfori L, Asperti S, De Vita A, Giannangeli M, Caselli A, Milani P, Podestà A. Interaction of imidazolium-based ionic liquids with supported phospholipid bilayers as model biomembranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27328-27342. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02866b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of ionic liquids (ILs) is receiving increasing attention due to their potential biological and environmental impact. We have used atomic force microscopy to investigate the interaction of ILs with supported phospholipid bilayers, as models of biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Galluzzi
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- C.I.Ma.I.Na and Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133-Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marfori
- C.I.Ma.I.Na and Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133-Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Asperti
- C.I.Ma.I.Na and Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133-Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- C.I.Ma.I.Na and Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133-Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Giannangeli
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CNR-SCITEC, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133-Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Caselli
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CNR-SCITEC, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133-Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- C.I.Ma.I.Na and Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133-Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- C.I.Ma.I.Na and Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133-Milano, Italy
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16
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Tantray AA, Rode NR, Shinde SS, Nandre V, Kodam KM, Terdale SS. Influence of the alkyl chain length on the physicochemical properties and microbial biocompatibility of phosphonium based fatty acid ionic liquids. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have remarkable properties and applications in many areas of science. Phosphonium ILs have become important because of their unique chemical and thermal stabilities. The present work is focused on the synthesis, characterisation, physicochemical properties, and microbial toxicity assessment of phosphonium ILs bearing seven different fatty acid anions. The structures of the synthesised ILs were confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and FTIR spectroscopy. Physicochemical properties such as density and viscosity of pure ILs were measured at temperatures ranging from 298.15 to 313.15 K. The experimental density decreased, whereas the viscosity increased with an increasing number of carbon atoms in the anion. The derived properties were also found to be anion dependent. The thermal decomposition temperature was investigated by TGA. Subsequently, the toxicity profile of the ILs was determined for selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and some species of fungi in terms of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The results show that the antimicrobial activities of the ILs are strongly related to the structures of the ILs, where an increase in toxicity was observed with increasing alkyl group chain length of the fatty acid anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafaq A. Tantray
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007, India
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007, India
| | - Nitin R. Rode
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007, India
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007, India
| | - Sandesh S. Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007, India
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007, India
| | - Vinod Nandre
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007, India
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007, India
| | - Kisan M. Kodam
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007, India
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007, India
| | - Santosh S. Terdale
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007, India
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007, India
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17
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Shrestha LK, Shrestha RG, Chaudhary R, Pradhananga RR, Tamrakar BM, Shrestha T, Maji S, Shrestha RL, Ariga K. Nelumbo nucifera Seed-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbons as Electrode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3175. [PMID: 34947524 PMCID: PMC8707477 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biomass-derived activated carbon materials with hierarchically nanoporous structures containing nitrogen functionalities show excellent electrochemical performances and are explored extensively in energy storage and conversion applications. Here, we report the electrochemical supercapacitance performances of the nitrogen-doped activated carbon materials with an ultrahigh surface area prepared by the potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation of the Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus) seed in an aqueous electrolyte solution (1 M sulfuric acid: H2SO4) in a three-electrode cell. The specific surface areas and pore volumes of Lotus-seed-derived carbon materials carbonized at a different temperatures, from 600 to 1000 °C, are found in the range of 1059.6 to 2489.6 m2 g-1 and 0.819 to 2.384 cm3 g-1, respectively. The carbons are amorphous materials with a partial graphitic structure with a maximum of 3.28 atom% nitrogen content and possess hierarchically micro- and mesoporous structures. The supercapacitor electrode prepared from the best sample showed excellent electrical double-layer capacitor performance, and the electrode achieved a high specific capacitance of ca. 379.2 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 current density. Additionally, the electrode shows a high rate performance, sustaining 65.9% capacitance retention at a high current density of 50 A g-1, followed by an extraordinary long cycle life without any capacitance loss after 10,000 subsequent charging/discharging cycles. The electrochemical results demonstrate that Nelumbo nucifera seed-derived hierarchically porous carbon with nitrogen functionality would have a significant probability as an electrical double-layer capacitor electrode material for the high-performance supercapacitor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Kumar Shrestha
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan; (S.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Rekha Goswami Shrestha
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan; (S.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Rashma Chaudhary
- Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal; (R.C.); (R.R.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Raja Ram Pradhananga
- Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal; (R.C.); (R.R.P.); (T.S.)
| | | | - Timila Shrestha
- Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal; (R.C.); (R.R.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Subrata Maji
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan; (S.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Ram Lal Shrestha
- Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal; (R.C.); (R.R.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan; (S.M.); (K.A.)
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Chiba, Japan
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18
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Du Q, Zhao Y, Zhuo K, Chen Y, Yang L, Wang C, Wang J. 3D hierarchical porous carbon matching ionic liquid with ultrahigh specific surface area and appropriate porous distribution for supercapacitors. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:13285-13293. [PMID: 34259289 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01848e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supercapacitors, as one of the most promising energy storage devices, have high power density but low energy density. An appropriate collocation of porous carbon electrodes and ionic liquid electrolytes can improve notably the performance of supercapacitors. Herein, we report a pre-assembly strategy to prepare three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) as the electrode materials for supercapacitors. Three long-chain hydrophilic polymers polyacrylamide (PAM)/gelatin/F127 in water form 3D frameworks by pre-assembly and further form a hydrogel. Then the hydrogel is freeze-dried, carbonized, and etched to form 3D hierarchical porous carbons. The effects of pore volume, pore size, and ratio of mesopores to micropores on the performance of ionic liquid-based supercapacitors are investigated. The porous structure of the prepared HPCs can well match EMIMBF4. Therefore, HPCs as electrode materials for supercapacitors exhibit an excellent specific capacity of 216.5 F g-1 at 1 A g-1, and the as-assembled symmetric supercapacitor delivers a superior energy density of 108.6 W h kg-1 at a power density of 961.1 W kg-1. Meanwhile, the symmetric supercapacitor maintains 84.4% of its initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles at 3 A g-1. This work provides a guide for developing new porous carbon materials for supercapacitors with a high energy density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhou Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China.
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19
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Amith WD, Araque JC, Margulis CJ. Relationship between the Relaxation of Ionic Liquid Structural Motifs and That of the Shear Viscosity. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6264-6271. [PMID: 34097825 PMCID: PMC8279556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In a set of recent
articles, we have highlighted that friction
is highly inhomogeneous in a typical ionic liquid (IL) with charge
networks that are stiff and charge-depleted regions that are soft.
This has consequences not only for the dynamics of ILs but also for the transport properties of solutes
dissolved in them. In this article, we explore whether the family
of alkylimidazolium ILs coupled with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
(with similar Coulombic interactions but different alkyl tails), when
dynamically “equalized” by having a similar shear viscosity,
display q-dependent structural relaxation time scales
that are the same across the family. Our results show that this is
not the case, and in fact, the relaxation of in-network charge alternation
appears to be significantly affected by the presence of separate polar
and apolar domains. However, we also find that if one was to assign
weight factors to the relaxation of the structural motifs, charge
alternation always contributes about the same amount (between 62.1
and 66.3%) across systems to the running integral of the stress tensor
correlation function from which the shear viscosity is derived. Adjacency
correlations between positive and negative moieties also contribute
an identical amount if a prepeak is not present (about 38%) and a
slightly smaller amount (about 28%) when intermediate range order
exists. The prepeak only contributes about 6% to viscoelastic relaxation,
highlighting that the dynamics of the smaller scale motifs is the
most important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan C Araque
- School of Engineering, Benedictine College, Atchison, Kansas 66002, United States
| | - Claudio J Margulis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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20
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Ray A, Saruhan B. Application of Ionic Liquids for Batteries and Supercapacitors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2942. [PMID: 34072536 PMCID: PMC8197857 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the rapid development and demand of high-performance, lightweight, low cost, portable/wearable electronic devices in electrical vehicles, aerospace, medical systems, etc., strongly motivates researchers towards advanced electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices and technologies. The electrolyte is also one of the most significant components of EES devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors. In addition to rapid ion transport and the stable electrochemical performance of electrolytes, great efforts are required to overcome safety issues due to flammability, leakage and thermal instability. A lot of research has already been completed on solid polymer electrolytes, but they are still lagging for practical application. Over the past few decades, ionic liquids (ILs) as electrolytes have been of considerable interest in Li-ion batteries and supercapacitor applications and could be an important way to make breakthroughs for the next-generation EES systems. The high ionic conductivity, low melting point (lower than 100 °C), wide electrochemical potential window (up to 5-6 V vs. Li+/Li), good thermal stability, non-flammability, low volatility due to cation-anion combinations and the promising self-healing ability of ILs make them superior as "green" solvents for industrial EES applications. In this short review, we try to provide an overview of the recent research on ILs electrolytes, their advantages and challenges for next-generation Li-ion battery and supercapacitor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bilge Saruhan
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Department of High-Temperature and Functional Coatings, Institute of Materials Research, 51147 Cologne, Germany;
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21
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Xu C, Yang G, Wu D, Yao M, Xing C, Zhang J, Zhang H, Li F, Feng Y, Qi S, Zhuo M, Ma J. Roadmap on Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Energy Storage Devices. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:549-562. [PMID: 33377601 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are considered to be promising electrolyte solvents or additives for rechargeable batteries (i. e., lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, aluminum-ion batteries, etc.) and supercapacitors. This is related with the superior physical and electrochemical properties of ionic liquids, which can influence the performance of rechargeable batteries. Therefore, it is necessary to write a roadmap on ionic liquids for rechargeable batteries. In this roadmap, some progress, critical techniques, opportunities and challenges of ionic liquid electrolytes for various batteries and supercapacitors are pointed out. Especially, properties and roles of ionic liquids should be considered in energy storage. Ionic liquids can be used as electrolyte salts, electrolyte additives, and solvents. For optimizing ionic liquid-based electrolytes for energy storage, their applications in various energy storage devices should be considered by combing native chemical/physical properties and their roles. We expect that this roadmap will give a useful guidance in directing future research in ionic liquid electrolytes for rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Xu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Multi-spectral Absorbing Materials and Structures of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Daxiong Wu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Meng Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunxian Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yuezhan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Shihan Qi
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhuo
- College of Intelligence Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
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22
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Mohd Faridz Hilmy NI, Yahya WZN, Kurnia KA. Eutectic ionic liquids as potential electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells: Physicochemical and conductivity studies. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Pseudocapacitive Effect of Carbons Doped with Different Functional Groups as Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13215577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, RF-based un-doped and nitrogen-doped aerogels were produced by polymerisation reaction between resorcinol and formaldehyde with sodium carbonate as catalyst and melamine as the nitrogen source. Carbon/activated carbon aerogels were obtained by carbonisation of the gels under inert atmosphere (Ar) followed by activation of the carbons under CO2 at 800 °C. The BET analysis of the samples showed a more than two-fold increase in the specific Surf. area and pore volume of carbon from 537 to 1333 m2g−1 and 0.242 to 0.671 cm3g−1 respectively after nitrogen doping and activation. SEM and XRD analysis of the samples revealed highly porous amorphous nanostructures with denser inter-particle cross-linked pathways for the activated nitrogen-doped carbon. The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed the presence of nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms on the Surf. and within the carbon matrix where improvement in wettability with the drop in the contact angle from 123° to 80° was witnessed after oxygen and nitrogen doping. A steady drop in the equivalent series (RS) and charge transfer (RCT) resistances was observed by electrochemical measurements after the introduction of nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms. The highest specific capacitance of 289 Fg−1 with the lowest values of 0.11 Ω and 0.02 Ω for RS and RCT was achieved for nitrogen and oxygen dual-doped activated carbon in line with its improved Surf. chemistry and wettability, and its enhanced conductivity due to denser inter-particle cross-linked pathways.
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Zhang C, Zhang L, Yu G. Eutectic Electrolytes as a Promising Platform for Next-Generation Electrochemical Energy Storage. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1648-1659. [PMID: 32672933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe rising global energy demand and environmental challenges have spurred intensive interest in renewable energy and advanced electrochemical energy storage (EES), including redox flow batteries (RFBs), metal-based rechargeable batteries, and supercapacitors. While many researchers focus on the design of new chemistry and structures for high-capacity and stable electrode materials, the electrolyte also plays a significant role in enabling the successful function of these new electrode materials and chemistries. Discovery of new electrolytes is urgently needed to keep up with the rapid growth of EES. Benefiting from the strong intermolecular interaction between different components, eutectic electrolytes possess various specific functionalities that conventional electrolytes do not have, such as highly concentrated systems, non-flammability, high degrees of structural flexibility, and good thermal and chemical stability, thereby leading researchers to consider them as a new class of ionic fluids for EES applications.In this Account, we aim to provide a mechanistic understanding of this energy chemistry and an overview of recent progress in the development of eutectic electrolytes for next-generation EES. First, we describe different mechanisms that guide the formation of eutectic electrolytes and discuss the structure-property relations, electron transfer and ion transport mechanisms, and interfacial chemistry in eutectic electrolytes. Generally, three main intermolecular interactions, namely hydrogen-bond interactions, Lewis acid-base interactions, and van der Waals interactions, control the formation of eutectic electrolytes and determine their unique characters in terms of electrochemical, thermal, ion transport, and interfacial properties. These versatile intermolecular interactions can be further modified by tailoring the functional moieties of organic molecules and/or selecting suitable compositions of mixtures. The solvent-free eutectic electrolyte can maximize the molar ratio of redox-active materials, thus increasing the energy density of RFBs. We discuss the relationships between eutectic parameters (viscosity, polarity, ionic conductivity, surface tension, and coordination environment) and the molar ratio, stability, utilization, and electrochemical reversibility of redox-active materials, RFB power, and energy density. We then introduce the application of both metal- and organic-based eutectic electrolytes in the RFB field, along with the relevant perspective for future study in this field. The highly concentrated eutectic electrolytes show attractive features at electrolyte/electrode interfaces to expand the electrochemical window and meanwhile inhibit metal dendrite formation in metal-based rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and hybrids of these. The remaining challenges and potential research directions in these areas are also discussed. Eutectic electrolytes offer enormous opportunities and open appealing prospects as redox reaction and charge transport media for EES. We hope this Account provide guidance for the future design of advanced eutectic electrolytes toward next-generation EES systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkun Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Leyuan Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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25
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Ivol F, Porcher M, Ghosh A, Jacquemin J, Ghamouss F. Phenylacetonitrile (C 6H 5CH 2CN) Ionic Liquid Blends as Alternative Electrolytes for Safe and High-Performance Supercapacitors. Molecules 2020; 25:E2697. [PMID: 32532028 PMCID: PMC7321299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing need in the development of storage devices is calling for the formulation of alternative electrolytes, electrochemically stable and safe over a wide range of conditions. To achieve this goal, electrolyte chemistry must be explored to propose alternative solvents and salts to the current acetonitrile (ACN) and tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (Et4NBF4) benchmarks, respectively. Herein, phenylacetonitrile (Ph-ACN) has been proposed as a novel alternative solvent to ACN in supercapacitors. To establish the main advantages and drawbacks of such a substitution, Ph-ACN + Et4NBF4 blends were formulated and characterized prior to being compared with the benchmark electrolyte and another alternative electrolyte based on adiponitrile (ADN). While promising results were obtained, the low Et4NBF4 solubility in Ph-ACN seems to be the main limiting factor. To solve such an issue, an ionic liquid (IL), namely 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis [(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] imide (EmimTFSI), was proposed to replace Et4NBF4. Unsurprisingly, the Ph-ACN + EmimTFSI blend was found to be fully miscible over the whole range of composition giving thus the flexibility to optimize the electrolyte formulation over a large range of IL concentrations up to 4.0 M. The electrolyte containing 2.7 M of EmimTFSI in Ph-ACN was identified as the optimized blend thanks to its interesting transport properties. Furthermore, this blend possesses also the prerequisites of a safe electrolyte, with an operating liquid range from at least -60 °C to +130 °C, and operating window of 3.0 V and more importantly, a flash point of 125 °C. Finally, excellent electrochemical performances were observed by using this electrolyte in a symmetric supercapacitor configuration, showing another advantage of mixing an ionic liquid with Ph-ACN. We also supported key structural descriptors by density functional theory (DFT) and COnductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) calculations, which can be associated to physical and electrochemical properties of the resultant electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arunabh Ghosh
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Électrolytes pour l’Énergie (PCM2E-EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France; (F.I.); (M.P.); (J.J.)
| | | | - Fouad Ghamouss
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Électrolytes pour l’Énergie (PCM2E-EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France; (F.I.); (M.P.); (J.J.)
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