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Taniguchi T, Mogi K, Tomita H, Okada H, Mori K, Imaizumi Y, Ichihashi K, Okubo T, Niwa A, Kanayma T, Yamakita Y, Suzuki A, Sugie S, Yoshihara M, Hara A. Sugar-binding profiles of the mesothelial glycocalyx in frozen tissues of mice revealed by lectin staining. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155538. [PMID: 39191196 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The mesothelium is a non-adhesive protective surface that lines the serosal cavities and organs within the body. The glycocalyx is a complex structure that coats the outer layer of the mesothelium. However, due to the limitations of conventional fixation techniques, studies on glycans are limited. In this study, lectin staining of frozen tissues was performed to investigate the diversity of glycans in the glycocalyx of mesothelial cells in mice. Datura stramonium lectin (DSL), which recognizes lactosamine and binds to Galectin-3 and -1, was broadly bound to the mesothelial cells of the visceral and parietal peritoneum but not to the pancreas, liver, intestine, or heart. Furthermore, human mesothelial cells in the omentum and parietal peritoneum were positive for DSL. Erythrina cristagalli lectin binding was specific to mesothelial cells in the parietal peritoneum, that is, the pleura, diaphragm, and peritoneum. Intriguingly, surface sialylation, the key element in reducing peritoneal dissemination and implantation, and promoting ascites formation by ovarian carcinoma cells, was much higher in the parietal peritoneum than in the omentum. These findings revealed slight differences in the glycans of mesothelial cells of different organs, which may be related to clinical diseases. These results also suggest that there may be differences in the functions of parietal and visceral mesothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Taniguchi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Mogi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Department of Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan; Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Mori
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuko Imaizumi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koki Ichihashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Okubo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kanayma
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamakita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akio Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Sugie
- Department of Pathology, Asahi University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Touarin P, Serrano B, Courbois A, Bornet O, Chen Q, Scott LG, Williamson JR, Sebban-Kreuzer C, Mancini SJC, Elantak L. Pre-B cell receptor acts as a selectivity switch for galectin-1 at the pre-B cell surface. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114541. [PMID: 39058594 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins are glycan-binding proteins translating the sugar-encoded information of cellular glycoconjugates into physiological activities, including immunity, cell migration, and signaling. Galectins also interact with non-glycosylated partners in the extracellular milieu, among which the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) during B cell development. How these interactions might interplay with the glycan-decoding function of galectins is unknown. Here, we perform NMR experiments on native membranes to monitor Gal-1 binding to physiological cell surface ligands. We show that pre-BCR interaction changes Gal-1 binding to glycosylated pre-B cell surface receptors. At the molecular and cellular levels, we identify α2,3-sialylated motifs as key targeted epitopes. This targeting occurs through a selectivity switch increasing Gal-1 contacts with α2,3-sialylated poly-N-acetyllactosamine upon pre-BCR interaction. Importantly, we observe that this switch is involved in the regulation of pre-BCR activation. Altogether, this study demonstrates that interactions to non-glycosylated proteins regulate the glycan-decoding functions of galectins at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Touarin
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologies, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Serrano
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologies, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Courbois
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologies, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Bornet
- NMR platform, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée (IMM FR3479), Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologies, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Qian Chen
- Cassia, 3030 Bunker Hill Street, Suite 214, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Lincoln G Scott
- Cassia, 3030 Bunker Hill Street, Suite 214, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - James R Williamson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Corinne Sebban-Kreuzer
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologies, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Latifa Elantak
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologies, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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3
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Kovalová A, Prouza V, Zavřel M, Hájek M, Dzijak R, Magdolenová A, Pohl R, Voburka Z, Parkan K, Vrabel M. Selection of Galectin-Binding Ligands from Synthetic Glycopeptide Libraries. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300567. [PMID: 37942669 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, a class of carbohydrate-binding proteins, play a crucial role in various physiological and disease processes. Therefore, the identification of ligands that efficiently bind these proteins could potentially lead to the development of new therapeutic compounds. In this study, we present a method that involves screening synthetic click glycopeptide libraries to identify lectin-binding ligands with low micromolar affinity. Our methodology, initially optimized using Concanavalin A, was subsequently applied to identify binders for the therapeutically relevant galectin 1. Binding affinities were assessed using various methods and showed that the selected glycopeptides exhibited enhanced binding potency to the target lectins compared to the starting sugar moieties. This approach offers an alternative means of discovering galectin-binding ligands as well as other carbohydrate-binding proteins, which are considered important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovalová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Prouza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Zavřel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Hájek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alžbeta Magdolenová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Voburka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Parkan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Doupnik CA, Luer CA, Walsh CJ, Restivo J, Brick JX. Bioactive Properties of Venoms Isolated from Whiptail Stingrays and the Search for Molecular Mechanisms and Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:488. [PMID: 38675448 PMCID: PMC11053709 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The venom-containing barb attached to their 'whip-like' tail provides stingrays a defensive mechanism for evading predators such as sharks. From human encounters, dermal stingray envenomation is characterized by intense pain often followed by tissue necrosis occurring over several days to weeks. The bioactive components in stingray venoms (SRVs) and their molecular targets and mechanisms that mediate these complex responses are not well understood. Given the utility of venom-derived proteins from other venomous species for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, we set out to characterize the bioactivity of SRV extracts from three local species that belong to the Dasyatoidea 'whiptail' superfamily. Multiple cell-based assays were used to quantify and compare the in vitro effects of these SRVs on different cell lines. All three SRVs demonstrated concentration-dependent growth-inhibitory effects on three different human cell lines tested. In contrast, a mouse fibrosarcoma cell line was markedly resistant to all three SRVs, indicating the molecular target(s) for mediating the SRV effects are not expressed on these cells. The multifunctional SRV responses were characterized by an acute disruption of cell adhesion leading to apoptosis. These findings aim to guide future investigations of individual SRV proteins and their molecular targets for potential use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Doupnik
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Carl A. Luer
- Marine Biomedical Research Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA;
| | - Catherine J. Walsh
- Marine Immunology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA; (C.J.W.); (J.R.)
| | - Jessica Restivo
- Marine Immunology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA; (C.J.W.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacqueline Xinlan Brick
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Oberlin College and Conservatory, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA;
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Vrbata D, Červený J, Kulik N, Hovorková M, Balogová S, Vlachová M, Pelantová H, Křen V, Bojarová P. Glycomimetic inhibitors of tandem-repeat galectins: Simple and efficient. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107231. [PMID: 38394919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The binding of human galectins by glycomimetic inhibitors is a promising therapeutic approach. The structurally distinct group of tandem-repeat galectins has scarcely been studied so far, and there is hardly any knowledge on their ligand specificity or their inhibitory potential, particularly concerning non-natural carbohydrates. Here, we present the synthesis of a library of seven 3-O-disubstituted thiodigalactoside-derived glycomimetics and their affinity to two tandem-repeat galectins, Gal-8 and Gal-9. The straightforward synthesis of these glycomimetics involved dibutyltin oxide-catalyzed 3,3́-O-disubstitution of commercially available unprotected thiodigalactoside, and conjugation of various aryl substituents by copper-catalyzed Huisgen azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The inhibitory potential of the prepared glycomimetics for Gal-8 and Gal-9 was assessed, and compared with the established galectins Gal-1 and Gal-3. The introduction of C-3 substituents resulted in an over 40-fold increase in affinity compared with unmodified TDG. The structure-affinity relations within the studied series were discussed using molecular modeling. Furthermore, the prepared glycomimetics were shown to scavenge Gal-8 and Gal-9 from the surface of cancer cells. This pioneering study on the synthetic inhibitors especially of Gal-9 identified lead compounds that may be used in further biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vrbata
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Červený
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Hovorková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Balogová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miluše Vlachová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, nám. Sítná 3105, CZ-272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic.
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Duarte JDA, Oliveira Neto JED, Torres RCF, Sousa ARDO, Andrade AL, Chaves RP, Carneiro RF, Vasconcelos MAD, Teixeira CS, Teixeira EH, Nagano CS, Sampaio AH. Structural characterization of a galectin from the marine sponge Aplysina lactuca (ALL) with synergistic effects when associated with antibiotics against bacteria. Biochimie 2023; 214:165-175. [PMID: 37437685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Lectins presents the ability to interact with glycans and trigger varied responses, including the inhibition of the development of various pathogens. Structural studies of these proteins are essential to better understand their functions. In marine sponges, so far only a few lectins have their primary structures completely determined. Thus, the objective of this work was to structurally characterize and evaluate antibacterial potential, in association with different antibiotics, of the lectin isolated from the marine sponge Aplysina lactuta (ALL). ALL is a homotetramer of 60 kDa formed by four 15 kDa-subunits. The lectin showed affinity only for the glycoproteins fetuin, asialofetuin, mucin type III, and bovine submaxillary mucin type I. The complete amino acid sequences of two isoforms of ALL, named ALL-a and ALL-b, were determined by a combination of Edman degradation and overlapped peptides sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry. ALL-a and ALL-b have 144 amino acids with molecular masses of 15,736 Da and 15,985 Da, respectively. Both structures contain conserved residues typical of the galectin family. ALL is a protein with antibacterial potential, when in association with ampicillin and oxacillin the lectin potentiates its antibiotic effect, included Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains. Thus, ALL shows to be a molecule with potential for the development of new antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica de Assis Duarte
- Marine Biotecnology Laboratory - BioMar-Lab, Departament of Fishing Engineering S/N, Bloco 871, 60440-970, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo de Oliveira Neto
- Marine Biotecnology Laboratory - BioMar-Lab, Departament of Fishing Engineering S/N, Bloco 871, 60440-970, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Renato Cézar Farias Torres
- Marine Biotecnology Laboratory - BioMar-Lab, Departament of Fishing Engineering S/N, Bloco 871, 60440-970, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Lopes Andrade
- Integrated Biomolecules Laboratory - LIBS, Departament of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará S/N, Monsenhor Furtado, 60430-160, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Renata Pinheiro Chaves
- Marine Biotecnology Laboratory - BioMar-Lab, Departament of Fishing Engineering S/N, Bloco 871, 60440-970, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Farias Carneiro
- Marine Biotecnology Laboratory - BioMar-Lab, Departament of Fishing Engineering S/N, Bloco 871, 60440-970, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Mayron Alves de Vasconcelos
- Integrated Biomolecules Laboratory - LIBS, Departament of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará S/N, Monsenhor Furtado, 60430-160, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; State University of Minas Gerais, Unidade de Divinópolis, 35501-170, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Naturais Universidade Do Estado Do Rio Grande Do Norte, 59610-210, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Claudener Souza Teixeira
- Center for Agricutural Scienses and Biodiversity, Federal University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Edson Holanda Teixeira
- Integrated Biomolecules Laboratory - LIBS, Departament of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará S/N, Monsenhor Furtado, 60430-160, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Celso Shiniti Nagano
- Marine Biotecnology Laboratory - BioMar-Lab, Departament of Fishing Engineering S/N, Bloco 871, 60440-970, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Holanda Sampaio
- Marine Biotecnology Laboratory - BioMar-Lab, Departament of Fishing Engineering S/N, Bloco 871, 60440-970, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
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7
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Massaro M, Cagnoni AJ, Medrano FJ, Pérez-Sáez JM, Abdullayev S, Belkhadem K, Mariño KV, Romero A, Roy R, Rabinovich GA. Selective modifications of lactose and N-acetyllactosamine with sulfate and aromatic bulky groups unveil unique structural insights in galectin-1-ligand recognition. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 94:117480. [PMID: 37774448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, a family of endogenous glycan-binding proteins, play crucial roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a proto-type member of this family, is overexpressed in several cancers and plays critical roles in tumor-immune escape, angiogenesis and metastasis. Thus, generation of high-affinity Gal-1 inhibitors emerges as an attractive therapeutic approach for a wide range of neoplastic conditions. Small-molecule carbohydrate inhibitors based on lactose (Lac) and N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) structures have been tested showing different results. In this study, we evaluated Lac- and LacNAc-based compounds with specific chemical modifications at key positions as Gal-1 ligands by competitive solid-phase assays (SPA) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Both assays showed excellent correlation, highlighting that lactosides bearing bulky aromatic groups at the anomeric carbon and sulfate groups at the O3' position exhibited the highest binding affinities. To dissect the atomistic determinants for preferential affinity of the different tested Gal-1 ligands, molecular docking simulations were conducted and PRODIGY-LIG structure-based method was employed to predict binding affinity in protein-ligand complexes. Notably, calculated binding free energies derived from the molecular docking were in accordance with experimental values determined by SPA and ITC, showing excellent correlation between theoretical and experimental approaches. Moreover, this analysis showed that 3'-O-sulfate groups interact with residues of the Gal-1 subsite B, mainly with Asn33, while the ester groups of the aromatic anomeric group interact with Gly69 and Thr70 at Gal-1 subsite E, extending deeper into the pocket, which could account for the enhanced binding affinity. This study contributes to the rational design of highly optimized Gal-1 inhibitors to be further studied in cancer models and other pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mora Massaro
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco J Medrano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas" (CIB), CSIC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Pérez-Sáez
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shuay Abdullayev
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Karima Belkhadem
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonio Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas" (CIB), CSIC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - René Roy
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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8
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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Lete M, Hoffmann M, Schomann N, Martínez-Castillo A, Peccati F, Konietzny PB, Delgado S, Snyder NL, Jiménez-Oses G, Abrescia NGA, Ardá A, Hartmann L, Jiménez-Barbero J. Molecular Recognition of Glycan-Bearing Glycomacromolecules Presented at Membrane Surfaces by Lectins: An NMR View. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16883-16895. [PMID: 37214724 PMCID: PMC10193412 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lectin-glycan interactions are at the heart of a multitude of biological events. Glycans are usually presented in a multivalent manner on the cell surface as part of the so-called glycocalyx, where they interact with other entities. This multivalent presentation allows us to overcome the typical low affinities found for individual glycan-lectin interactions. Indeed, the presentation of glycans may drastically impact their binding by lectins, highly affecting the corresponding binding affinity and even selectivity. In this context, we herein present the study of the interaction of a variety of homo- and heteromultivalent lactose-functionalized glycomacromolecules and their lipid conjugates with two human galectins. We have employed as ligands the glycomacromolecules, as well as liposomes decorated with those structures, to evaluate their interactions in a cell-mimicking environment. Key details of the interaction have been unravelled by NMR experiments, both from the ligand and receptor perspectives, complemented by cryo-electron microscopy methods and molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta
G. Lete
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research
& Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Miriam Hoffmann
- Department
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Nils Schomann
- Department
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Ane Martínez-Castillo
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research
& Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Francesca Peccati
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research
& Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Patrick B. Konietzny
- Department
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research
& Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nicole L. Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Oses
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research
& Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nicola G. A. Abrescia
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research
& Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas
y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos
III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research
& Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research
& Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid 28029, Spain
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10
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Yong J, Mellick AS, Whitelock J, Wang J, Liang K. A Biomolecular Toolbox for Precision Nanomotors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205746. [PMID: 36055646 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanomotors for cancer diagnosis and therapy is a new and exciting area of research, which when combined with precision nanomedicine, promises to solve many of the issues encountered by previous development of passive nanoparticles. The goal of this article is to introduce nanomotor and nanomedicine researchers to the deep pool of knowledge available regarding cancer cell biology and biochemistry, as well as provide a greater appreciation of the complexity of cell membrane compositions, extracellular surfaces, and their functional consequences. A short description of the nanomotor state-of-art for cancer therapy and diagnosis is first provided, as well as recommendations for future directions of the field. Then, a biomolecular targeting toolbox has been collated for researchers looking to apply their nanomaterial of choice to a biological setting, as well as providing a glimpse into currently available clinical therapies and technologies. This toolbox contains an overview of different classes of targeting molecules available for high affinity and specific targeting and cell surface targets to aid researchers in the selection of a clinical disease model and targeting methodology. It is hoped that this review will provide biological context, inspiration, and direction to future nanomotor and nanomedicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Yong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Albert S Mellick
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, 2170, Australia
| | - John Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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11
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Quintana JI, Atxabal U, Unione L, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J. Exploring multivalent carbohydrate-protein interactions by NMR. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1591-1613. [PMID: 36753338 PMCID: PMC9987413 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00983h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has been widely employed to assess diverse features of glycan-protein molecular recognition events. Different types of qualitative and quantitative information at different degrees of resolution and complexity can be extracted from the proper application of the available NMR-techniques. In fact, affinity, structural, kinetic, conformational, and dynamic characteristics of the binding process are available. Nevertheless, except in particular cases, the affinity of lectin-sugar interactions is weak, mostly at the low mM range. This feature is overcome in biological processes by using multivalency, thus augmenting the strength of the binding. However, the application of NMR methods to monitor multivalent lectin-glycan interactions is intrinsically challenging. It is well known that when large macromolecular complexes are formed, the NMR signals disappear from the NMR spectrum, due to the existence of fast transverse relaxation, related to the large size and exchange features. Indeed, at the heart of the molecular recognition event, the associated free-bound chemical exchange process for both partners takes place in a particular timescale. Thus, these factors have to be considered and overcome. In this review article, we have distinguished, in a subjective manner, the existence of multivalent presentations in the glycan or in the lectin. From the glycan perspective, we have also considered whether multiple epitopes of a given ligand are presented in the same linear chain of a saccharide (i.e., poly-LacNAc oligosaccharides) or decorating different arms of a multiantennae scaffold, either natural (as in multiantennae N-glycans) or synthetic (of dendrimer or polymer nature). From the lectin perspective, the presence of an individual binding site at every monomer of a multimeric lectin may also have key consequences for the binding event at different levels of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon I Quintana
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Unai Atxabal
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Luca Unione
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, II Faculty of Science and Technology, EHU-UPV, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Abdullayev S, Kadav P, Bandyopadhyay P, Medrano FJ, Rabinovich GA, Dam TK, Romero A, Roy R. Selectively Modified Lactose and N-Acetyllactosamine Analogs at Three Key Positions to Afford Effective Galectin-3 Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043718. [PMID: 36835132 PMCID: PMC9962200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins constitute a family of galactose-binding lectins overly expressed in the tumor microenvironment as well as in innate and adaptive immune cells, in inflammatory diseases. Lactose ((β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranose, Lac) and N-Acetyllactosamine (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, LacNAc) have been widely exploited as ligands for a wide range of galectins, sometimes with modest selectivity. Even though several chemical modifications at single positions of the sugar rings have been applied to these ligands, very few examples combined the simultaneous modifications at key positions known to increase both affinity and selectivity. We report herein combined modifications at the anomeric position, C-2, and O-3' of each of the two sugars, resulting in a 3'-O-sulfated LacNAc analog having a Kd of 14.7 µM against human Gal-3 as measured by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). This represents a six-fold increase in affinity when compared to methyl β-D-lactoside having a Kd of 91 µM. The three best compounds contained sulfate groups at the O-3' position of the galactoside moieties, which were perfectly in line with the observed highly cationic character of the human Gal-3 binding site shown by the co-crystal of one of the best candidates of the LacNAc series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuay Abdullayev
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Priyanka Kadav
- Laboratory of Mechanistic Glycobiology, Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Purnima Bandyopadhyay
- Laboratory of Mechanistic Glycobiology, Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | | | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tarun K. Dam
- Laboratory of Mechanistic Glycobiology, Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Antonio Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas “Margarita Salas” (CIB), CSIC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (R.R.)
| | - René Roy
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (R.R.)
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13
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Lete MG, Franconetti A, Bertuzzi S, Delgado S, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Millet O, Jiménez-Osés G, Arda A, Jiménez-Barbero J. NMR Investigation of Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions: The Recognition of Glycans by Galectins Engineered with Fluorotryptophan Residues. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202208. [PMID: 36343278 PMCID: PMC10107428 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine (19 F) incorporation into glycan-binding proteins (lectins) has been achieved and exploited to monitor the binding to carbohydrate ligands by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Galectins are a family of lectins that bind carbohydrates, generally with weak affinities, through a combination of intermolecular interactions including a key CH-π stacking involving a conserved tryptophan residue. Herein, Galectin-3 (Gal3) and Galectin-8 (Gal8) with one and two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), respectively, were selected. Gal3 contains one Trp, whereas Gal8 contains three, one at each binding site and a third one not involved in sugar binding; these were substituted by the corresponding F-Trp analogues. The presence of fluorine did not significantly modify the affinity for glycan binding, which was in slow exchange on the 19 F NMR chemical-shift timescale, even for weak ligands, and allowed binding events taking place at two different binding sites within the same lectin to be individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Lete
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Antonio Franconetti
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sara Bertuzzi
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Arda
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Tamura M, Fujii N, Takeuchi T, Tsuyuguchi M, Tanikawa T, Oka S, Hatanaka T, Kishimoto S, Kato R, Arata Y. Method for Preparing Recombinant Galectin-2 Protein without Escherichia coli-Specific Post-translational Modifications. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1676-1682. [PMID: 38044091 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-2 (Gal-2) is an animal lectin with specificity for β-galactosides. It is predominantly expressed and suggested to play a protective function in the gastrointestinal tract; therefore, it can be used as a protein drug. Recombinant proteins have been expressed using Escherichia coli and used to study the function of Gal-2. The recombinant human Gal-2 (hGal-2) protein purified via affinity chromatography after being expressed in E. coli was not completely homogeneous. Mass spectrometry confirmed that some recombinant Gal-2 were phosphogluconoylated. In contrast, the recombinant mouse Gal-2 (mGal-2) protein purified using affinity chromatography after being expressed in E. coli contained a different form of Gal-2 with a larger molecular weight. This was due to mistranslating the original mGal-2 stop codon TGA to tryptophan (TGG). In this report, to obtain a homogeneous Gal-2 protein for further studies, we attempted the following methods: for hGal-2, 1) replacement of the lysine (Lys) residues, which was easily phosphogluconoylated with arginine (Arg) residues, and 2) addition of histidine (His)-tag on the N-terminus of the recombinant protein and cleavage with protease after expression; for mGal-2, 3) changing the stop codon from TGA to TAA, which is commonly used in E. coli. We obtained an almost homogeneous recombinant Gal-2 protein (human and mouse). These results have important implications for using Gal-2 as a protein drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masato Tsuyuguchi
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization KEK
| | - Takashi Tanikawa
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Saori Oka
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
| | - Tomomi Hatanaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
- Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Seishi Kishimoto
- Radioisotope Research Center, Teikyo University
- Center for Promotion of Pharmaceutical Education, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization KEK
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15
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The Synthesis and Preclinical Investigation of Lactosamine-Based Radiopharmaceuticals for the Detection of Galectin-3-Expressing Melanoma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112504. [PMID: 36432695 PMCID: PMC9695418 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin promoting tumor growth and metastatis, it could be a valuable target for the treatment of Gal-3-expressing neoplasms. An aromatic group introduced to the C-3′ position of lactosamine increased its affinity for Gal-3. Herein, we aimed at developing a radiopharmaceutical for the detection of Gal-3 positive malignancies. To enhance tumor specificity, a heterodimeric radiotracer capable of binding to both Gal-3 and αvβ3 integrin was also synthetized. Arginine-glycine-asparagine (RGD) peptide is the ligand of angiogenesis- and metastasis-associated αvβ3 integrin. Following the synthesis of the chelator-conjugated (2-naphthyl)methylated lactosamine, the obtained compound was applied as a precursor for radiolabeling and was conjugated to the RGD peptide by click reaction as well. Both synthetized precursors were radiolabeled with 68Ga, resulting in high labeling yield (>97). The biological studies were carried out using B16F10 melanoma tumor-bearing C57BL6 mice. High tumor accumulation of both labeled lactosamine derivatives—detected by in vivo PET and ex vivo biodistribution studies—indicated their potential for melanoma detection. However, the heterodimer radiotracer showed high hepatic uptake, while low liver accumulation characterized chelator-conjugated lactosamine, resulting in PET images with excellent contrast. Therefore, this novel carbohydrate-based radiotracer is suitable for the highly selective determination of Gal-3-expressing melanoma cells.
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16
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Bhattacharya S, Zhang M, Hu W, Qi T, Heisterkamp N. Targeting disordered-structured domain interactions in Galectin-3 based on NMR and enhanced MD. Biophys J 2022; 121:4342-4357. [PMID: 36209362 PMCID: PMC9703043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are common and important functional domains in many proteins. However, IDRs are difficult to target for drug development due to the lack of defined structures that would facilitate the identification of possible drug-binding pockets. Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding protein of which overexpression has been implicated in a wide variety of disorders, including cancer and inflammation. Apart from its carbohydrate-recognition/binding domain (CRD), Galectin-3 also contains a functionally important disordered N-terminal domain (NTD) that contacts the C-terminal domain (CTD) and could be a target for drug development. To overcome challenges involved in inhibitor design due to lack of structure and the highly dynamic nature of the NTD, we used a protocol combining nuclear magnetic resonance data from recombinant Galectin-3 with accelerated molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This approach identified a pocket in the CTD with which the NTD makes frequent contact. In accordance with this model, mutation of residues L131 and L203 in this pocket caused loss of Galectin-3 agglutination ability, signifying the functional relevance of the cavity. In silico screening was used to design candidate inhibitory peptides targeting the newly discovered cavity, and experimental testing of only three of these yielded one peptide that inhibits the agglutination promoted by wild-type Galectin-3. NMR experiments further confirmed that this peptide indeed binds to a cavity in the CTD, not within the actual CRD. Our results show that it is possible to apply a combination of MD simulations and NMR experiments to precisely predict the binding interface of a disordered domain with a structured domain, and furthermore use this predicted interface for designing inhibitors. This procedure can potentially be extended to many other targets in which similar IDR interactions play a vital functional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriyo Bhattacharya
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, California
| | - Weidong Hu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Tong Qi
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, California
| | - Nora Heisterkamp
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, California.
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17
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Liu S, Takemasa E, Suzuki Y, Javkhlant A, Takagi T, Yamada H, Abe Y, Hato N, Mogi M. Generation of DNA-aptamers targeting galectin-7 for the identification of cholesteatoma residue. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:146-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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Martin-Saldaña S, Chevalier MT, Pandit A. Therapeutic potential of targeting galectins – A biomaterials-focused perspective. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Saad AA. Targeting cancer-associated glycans as a therapeutic strategy in leukemia. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2049901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Abdullah Saad
- Unit of Pediatric Hematologic Oncology and BMT, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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20
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Heine V, Dey C, Bojarová P, Křen V, Elling L. Methods of in vitro study of galectin-glycomaterial interaction. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 58:107928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Oligosaccharide Presentation Modulates the Molecular Recognition of Glycolipids by Galectins on Membrane Surfaces. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020145. [PMID: 35215258 PMCID: PMC8878398 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of glycan binding proteins that stand out for the wide range of biological phenomena in which they are involved. Most galectin functions are associated with their glycan binding capacities, which are generally well characterized at the oligosaccharide level, but not at the glycoprotein or glycolipid level. Glycolipids form the part of cell membranes where they can act as galectin cellular receptors. In this scenario, glycan presentation as well as the membrane chemical and structural features are expected to have a strong impact in these molecular association processes. Herein, liposomes were used as membrane mimicking scaffolds for the presentation of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and to investigate their interaction with Galectin-3 and the N-domain of Galectin-8 (Gal8N). The binding towards GM3 and GM1 and their non-silaylated GSLs was compared to the binding to the free glycans, devoid of lipid. The analysis was carried out using a combination of NMR methods, membrane perturbation studies, and molecular modeling. Our results showed a different tendency of the two galectins in their binding capacities towards the glycans, depending on whether they were free oligosaccharides or as part of GSL inserted into a lipid bilayer, highlighting the significance of GSL glycan presentation on membranes in lectin binding.
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22
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Timári I, Balla S, Fehér K, Kövér KE, Szilágyi L. 77Se-Enriched Selenoglycoside Enables Significant Enhancement in NMR Spectroscopic Monitoring of Glycan-Protein Interactions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:201. [PMID: 35057096 PMCID: PMC8779653 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed investigation of ligand-protein interactions is essential for better understanding of biological processes at the molecular level. Among these binding interactions, the recognition of glycans by lectins is of particular importance in several diseases, such as cancer; therefore, inhibition of glycan-lectin/galectin interactions represents a promising perspective towards developing therapeutics controlling cancer development. The recent introduction of 77Se NMR spectroscopy for monitoring the binding of a selenoglycoside to galectins prompted interest to optimize the sensitivity by increasing the 77Se content from the natural 7.63% abundance to 99%. Here, we report a convenient synthesis of 77Se-enriched selenodigalactoside (SeDG), which is a potent ligand of the medically relevant human galectin-3 protein, and proof of the expected sensitivity gain in 2D 1H, 77Se correlation NMR experiments. Our work opens perspectives for adding isotopically enriched selenoglycans for rapid monitoring of lectin-binding of selenated as well as non-selenated ligands and for ligand screening in competition experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Timári
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Sára Balla
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Krisztina Fehér
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin E. Kövér
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Szilágyi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.T.); (S.B.)
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23
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Bailly C, Thuru X, Quesnel B. Modulation of the Gal-9/TIM-3 Immune Checkpoint with α-Lactose. Does Anomery of Lactose Matter? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246365. [PMID: 34944985 PMCID: PMC8699133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The disaccharide lactose is a common excipient in pharmaceutical products. In addition, the two anomers α- and β-lactose can exert immuno-modulatory effects. α-Lactose functions as a major regulator of the T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3)/Galectin-9 (Gal-9) immune checkpoint, through direct binding to the β-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-9. The blockade of TIM-3 with monoclonal antibodies or small molecules represents a promising approach to combat onco-hematological diseases, in particular myelodysplastic syndromes, and acute myeloid leukemia. Alternatively, the activity of the checkpoint can be modulated via targeting of Gal-9 with both α- and β-lactose. In fact, lactose is a quasi-pan-galectin ligand, capable of modulating the functions of most of the 16 galectin molecules. This review discusses the capacity of lactose and Gal-9 to modulate the TIM-3/Gal-9 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints in oncology. The immuno-regulatory roles of lactose and Gal-9 are highlighted. Abstract The disaccharide lactose is an excipient commonly used in pharmaceutical products. The two anomers, α- and β-lactose (α-L/β-L), differ by the orientation of the C-1 hydroxyl group on the glucose unit. In aqueous solution, a mutarotation process leads to an equilibrium of about 40% α-L and 60% β-L at room temperature. Beyond a pharmaceutical excipient in solid products, α-L has immuno-modulatory effects and functions as a major regulator of TIM-3/Gal-9 immune checkpoint, through direct binding to the β-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-9. The blockade of the co-inhibitory checkpoint TIM-3 expressed on T cells with anti-TIM-3 antibodies represents a promising approach to combat different onco-hematological diseases, in particular myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. In parallel, the discovery and development of anti-TIM-3 small molecule ligands is emerging, including peptides, RNA aptamers and a few specifically designed heterocyclic molecules. An alternative option consists of targeting the different ligands of TIM-3, notably Gal-9 recognized by α-lactose. Modulation of the TIM-3/Gal-9 checkpoint can be achieved with both α- and β-lactose. Moreover, lactose is a quasi-pan-galectin ligand, capable of modulating the functions of most of the 16 galectin molecules. The present review provides a complete analysis of the pharmaceutical and galectin-related biological functions of (α/β)-lactose. A focus is made on the capacity of lactose and Gal-9 to modulate both the TIM-3/Gal-9 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints in oncology. Modulation of the TIM-3/Gal-9 checkpoint is a promising approach for the treatment of cancers and the role of lactose in this context is discussed. The review highlights the immuno-regulatory functions of lactose, and the benefit of the molecule well beyond its use as a pharmaceutical excipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, 59290 Lille, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Xavier Thuru
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020—UMR1277—Canther—Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France; (X.T.); (B.Q.)
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020—UMR1277—Canther—Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France; (X.T.); (B.Q.)
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24
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Sewgobind NV, Albers S, Pieters RJ. Functions and Inhibition of Galectin-7, an Emerging Target in Cellular Pathophysiology. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1720. [PMID: 34827718 PMCID: PMC8615947 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-7 is a soluble unglycosylated lectin that is able to bind specifically to β-galactosides. It has been described to be involved in apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation, but also in cell adhesion and migration. Several disorders and diseases are discussed by covering the aforementioned biological processes. Structural features of galectin-7 are discussed as well as targeting the protein intracellularly or extracellularly. The exact molecular mechanisms that lie behind many biological processes involving galectin-7 are not known. It is therefore useful to come up with chemical probes or tools in order to obtain knowledge of the physiological processes. The objective of this review is to summarize the roles and functions of galectin-7 in the human body, providing reasons why it is necessary to design inhibitors for galectin-7, to give the reader structural insights and describe its current inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.V.S.); (S.A.)
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25
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Hassan M, Baussière F, Guzelj S, Sundin AP, Håkansson M, Kovačič R, Leffler H, Tomašič T, Anderluh M, Jakopin Ž, Nilsson UJ. Structure-Guided Design of d-Galactal Derivatives with High Affinity and Selectivity for the Galectin-8 N-Terminal Domain. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1745-1752. [PMID: 34795863 PMCID: PMC8592027 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-8 is a carbohydrate-binding protein that plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis, antibacterial autophagy, modulation of the immune system, and bone remodeling. The design, synthesis, and protein affinity evaluation of a set of C-3 substituted benzimidazole and quinoline d-galactal derivatives identified a d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid as a selective ligand for the galectin-8 N-terminal domain (galectin-8N), with a K d of 48 μM and 15-fold selectivity over galectin-3 and even better selectivity over the other mammalian galectins. X-ray structural analysis of galectin-8N in complex with one benzimidazole- and one quinoline-galactal derivative at 1.52 and 2.1 Å together with molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanical calculations of galectin-8N in complex with the benzimidazole derivative revealed orbital overlap between a NH LUMO of Arg45 with electron rich HOMOs of the olefin and O4 of the d-galactal. Such overlap is hypothesized to contribute to the high affinity of the d-galactal-derived ligands for galectin-8N. A (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3- carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS) assay evaluation of the d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid and an analogous galactoside derivative on a panel of cell lines with MTS assay showed no effect on cell viability up to 100 μM concentration. A subsequent functional assay using the MDA-MB-231 cell line demonstrated that the d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid and the analogous galactoside derivative reduced the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, these compounds represent potential probes for galectin-8N pharmacology investigations and possibly promising leads for the design and synthesis of potent and selective galectin-8 inhibitors as potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Hassan
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Floriane Baussière
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Samo Guzelj
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anders P. Sundin
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Håkansson
- SARomics
Biostructures AB, Medicon
Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rebeka Kovačič
- SARomics
Biostructures AB, Medicon
Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund
University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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26
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Bhowmick S, Saha A, AlFaris NA, ALTamimi JZ, ALOthman ZA, Aldayel TS, Wabaidur SM, Islam MA. Structure-based identification of galectin-1 selective modulators in dietary food polyphenols: a pharmacoinformatics approach. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1697-1714. [PMID: 34482478 PMCID: PMC9209356 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In this study, a set of dietary polyphenols was comprehensively studied for the selective identification of the potential inhibitors/modulators for galectin-1. Galectin-1 is a potent prognostic indicator of tumor progression and a highly regarded therapeutic target for various pathological conditions. This indicator is composed of a highly conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) that accounts for the binding affinity of β-galactosides. Although some small molecules have been identified as galectin-1 inhibitors/modulators, there are limited studies on the identification of novel compounds against this attractive therapeutic target. The extensive computational techniques include potential drug binding site recognition on galectin-1, binding affinity predictions of ~ 500 polyphenols, molecular docking, and dynamic simulations of galectin-1 with selective dietary polyphenol modulators, followed by the estimation of binding free energy for the identification of dietary polyphenol-based galectin-1 modulators. Initially, a deep neural network-based algorithm was utilized for the prediction of the druggable binding site and binding affinity. Thereafter, the intermolecular interactions of the polyphenol compounds with galectin-1 were critically explored through the extra-precision docking technique. Further, the stability of the interaction was evaluated through the conventional atomistic 100 ns dynamic simulation study. The docking analyses indicated the high interaction affinity of different amino acids at the CRD region of galectin-1 with the proposed five polyphenols. Strong and consistent interaction stability was suggested from the simulation trajectories of the selected dietary polyphenol under the dynamic conditions. Also, the conserved residue (His44, Asn46, Arg48, Val59, Asn61, Trp68, Glu71, and Arg73) associations suggest high affinity and selectivity of polyphenols toward galectin-1 protein. Graphic Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovonlal Bhowmick
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India.
| | - Nora Abdullah AlFaris
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jozaa Zaidan ALTamimi
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid A ALOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahany Saleh Aldayel
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Ataul Islam
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. .,Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa.
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27
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Selective
13
C‐Labels on Repeating Glycan Oligomers to Reveal Protein Binding Epitopes through NMR: Polylactosamine Binding to Galectins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Moure MJ, Gimeno A, Delgado S, Diercks T, Boons G, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Ardá A. Selective 13 C-Labels on Repeating Glycan Oligomers to Reveal Protein Binding Epitopes through NMR: Polylactosamine Binding to Galectins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18777-18782. [PMID: 34128568 PMCID: PMC8456918 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A combined chemo-enzymatic synthesis/NMR-based methodology is presented to identify, in unambiguous manner, the distinctive binding epitope within repeating sugar oligomers when binding to protein receptors. The concept is based on the incorporation of 13 C-labels at specific monosaccharide units, selected within a repeating glycan oligomeric structure. No new chemical tags are added, and thus the chemical entity remains the same, while the presence of the 13 C-labeled monosaccharide breaks the NMR chemical shift degeneracy that occurs in the non-labeled compound and allows the unique identification of the different components of the oligomer. The approach is demonstrated by a proof-of-concept study dealing with the interaction of a polylactosamine hexasaccharide with five different galectins that display distinct preferences for these entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Moure
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | - Tammo Diercks
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | - Geert‐Jan Boons
- Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jesús Jiménez‐Barbero
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for SciencePlaza Euskadi 548009BilbaoSpain
- Department of Organic & Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of the Basque CountryUPV/EHUSpain
| | - Ana Ardá
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for SciencePlaza Euskadi 548009BilbaoSpain
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29
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Schmidt M, Franken A, Wilms D, Fehm T, Neubauer HJ, Schmidt S. Selective Adhesion and Switchable Release of Breast Cancer Cells via Hyaluronic Acid Functionalized Dual Stimuli-Responsive Microgel Films. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6371-6380. [PMID: 35006876 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The detection of tumor cells from liquid biopsy samples is of critical importance for early cancer diagnosis, malignancy assessment, and treatment. In this work, coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized dual-stimuli responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels are used to study the specificity of breast cancer cell binding and to assess cell friendly release mechanisms for further diagnostic procedures. The microgels are established by straightforward precipitation polymerization with amine bearing comonomers and postfunctionalization with a UV-labile linker that covalently binds HA to the microgel network. Well-defined microgel coatings for cell binding are established via simple physisorption and annealing. The HA-presenting PNIPAM microgel films are shown to specifically adhere CD44 expressing breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), where an increase in adhesion correlates with higher CD44 expression and HA functionalization. Upon cooling below the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAM microgels, the cells could be released; however, 10-30% of the cells still remained on the surface even after prolonged cooling and mild mechanical agitation. A complete cell release is achieved after applying the light stimulus by short UV treatment cleaving HA units from the microgels. Owing to the comparatively straightforward preparation procedures, such dual-responsive microgel films could be considered for the effective capture, release, and diagnostics of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schmidt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - André Franken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Life Science Center, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dimitri Wilms
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Life Science Center, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans J Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Life Science Center, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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30
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Hassan M, van Klaveren S, Håkansson M, Diehl C, Kovačič R, Baussière F, Sundin AP, Dernovšek J, Walse B, Zetterberg F, Leffler H, Anderluh M, Tomašič T, Jakopin Ž, Nilsson UJ. Benzimidazole-galactosides bind selectively to the Galectin-8 N-Terminal domain: Structure-based design and optimisation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113664. [PMID: 34225180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have obtained the X-ray crystal structure of the galectin-8 N-terminal domain (galectin-8N) with a previously reported quinoline-galactoside ligand at a resolution of 1.6 Å. Based on this X-ray structure, a collection of galactosides derivatised at O3 with triazole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, and benzoxazole moieties were designed and synthesised. This led to the discovery of a 3-O-(N-methylbenzimidazolylmethyl)-galactoside with a Kd of 1.8 μM for galectin-8N, the most potent selective synthetic galectin-8N ligand to date. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that benzimidazole-galactoside derivatives bind the non-conserved amino acid Gln47, accounting for the higher selectivity for galectin-8N. Galectin-8 is a carbohydrate-binding protein that plays a key role in pathological lymphangiogenesis, modulation of the immune system, and autophagy. Thus, the benzimidazole-derivatised galactosides represent promising compounds for studies of the pathological implications of galectin-8, as well as a starting point for the development of anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory therapeutics targeting galectin-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Hassan
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sjors van Klaveren
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maria Håkansson
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl Diehl
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rebeka Kovačič
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Floriane Baussière
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders P Sundin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jaka Dernovšek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Björn Walse
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Zetterberg
- Galecto Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marko Anderluh
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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31
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Mendelman N, Meirovitch E. Structural Dynamics from NMR Relaxation by SRLS Analysis: Local Geometry, Potential Energy Landscapes, and Spectral Densities. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6130-6143. [PMID: 34100625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have developed the two-body coupled-rotator slowly relaxing local structure (SRLS) approach for elucidating protein dynamics by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation. The rotators are represented by diffusion tensors D1 for overall protein tumbling and D2 for locally ordered probe motion. D1 and D2 are coupled dynamically by a potential, u, typically given by linear combinations of the Wigner functions D002 and (D022 + D0-22). Until now, our SRLS analyses provided the tensors, D1 and D2, the potential, u, and the geometric link between SRLS and NMR. Here we enhance this description by also examining the SRLS spectral densities obtained by solving the SRLS Smoluchowski equation. In addition, we show that the form of u specified above complies with two NMR-detected potential energy landscapes representing preferential ordering along N-H or Cα-Cα. Pictorial illustrations thereof are provided. The extended SRLS analysis is applied to 15N-H relaxation from the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 (Gal3C) in complex with two diastereomeric ligands, S and R. We find that D2 is isotropic with a principal value, D2, of 1010 s-1 on average, and it is faster in the strands β3, β5, and β8. The potential, u, is strong (∼20 kT); it is slightly rhombic when N-H is the main ordering axis and highly rhombic when Cα-Cα is the main ordering axis. Gal3C-S exhibits primarily preferential ordering along Cα-Cα; Gal3C-R exhibits both types of ordering. The binding-associated polypeptide chain segment of Gal3C-S is homogeneous, whereas that of Gal3C-R is diversified, with regard to D2 and ordering preference. We associate these features with the previously determined diminished binding constant of Gal3C-R in comparison with Gal3C-S. Thus, the present study enhances the SRLS analysis, in general, and provides new insights into the dynamic structure and binding properties of Gal3C-S and Gal3C-R, in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netanel Mendelman
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Eva Meirovitch
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
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32
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Di Gaetano S, Capasso D, Delre P, Pirone L, Saviano M, Pedone E, Mangiatordi GF. More Is Always Better Than One: The N-Terminal Domain of the Spike Protein as Another Emerging Target for Hampering the SARS-CoV-2 Attachment to Host Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6462. [PMID: 34208755 PMCID: PMC8235207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the approved vaccines are proving to be of utmost importance in containing the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threat, they will hardly be resolutive as new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA virus) variants might be insensitive to the immune response they induce. In this scenario, developing an effective therapy is still a dire need. Different targets for therapeutic antibodies and diagnostics have been identified, among which the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein, particularly its receptor-binding domain, has been defined as crucial. In this context, we aim to focus attention also on the role played by the S N-terminal domain (S1-NTD) in the virus attachment, already recognized as a valuable target for neutralizing antibodies, in particular, building on a cavity mapping indicating the presence of two druggable pockets and on the recent literature hypothesizing the presence of a ganglioside-binding domain. In this perspective, we aim at proposing S1-NTD as a putative target for designing small molecules hopefully able to hamper the SARS-CoV-2 attachment to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80134 Naples, Italy; (S.D.G.); (L.P.)
- CIRPEB, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80134 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Domenica Capasso
- CIRPEB, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80134 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (M.S.)
- CESTEV, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Delre
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (P.D.); (G.F.M.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Luciano Pirone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80134 Naples, Italy; (S.D.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Michele Saviano
- CIRPEB, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80134 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (P.D.); (G.F.M.)
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80134 Naples, Italy; (S.D.G.); (L.P.)
- CIRPEB, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80134 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (M.S.)
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33
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Bertuzzi S, Gimeno A, Martinez-Castillo A, Lete MG, Delgado S, Airoldi C, Rodrigues Tavares M, Bláhová M, Chytil P, Křen V, Abrescia NGA, Ardá A, Bojarová P, Jiménez-Barbero J. Cross-Linking Effects Dictate the Preference of Galectins to Bind LacNAc-Decorated HPMA Copolymers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116000. [PMID: 34206141 PMCID: PMC8199549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of multi-LacNAc (Galβ1-4GlcNAc)-containing N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers with human galectin-1 (Gal-1) and the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human galectin-3 (Gal-3) was analyzed using NMR methods in addition to cryo-electron-microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments. The interaction with individual LacNAc-containing components of the polymer was studied for comparison purposes. For Gal-3 CRD, the NMR data suggest a canonical interaction of the individual small-molecule bi- and trivalent ligands with the lectin binding site and better affinity for the trivalent arrangement due to statistical effects. For the glycopolymers, the interaction was stronger, although no evidence for forming a large supramolecule was obtained. In contrast, for Gal-1, the results indicate the formation of large cross-linked supramolecules in the presence of multivalent LacNAc entities for both the individual building blocks and the polymers. Interestingly, the bivalent and trivalent presentation of LacNAc in the polymer did not produce such an increase, indicating that the multivalency provided by the polymer is sufficient for triggering an efficient binding between the glycopolymer and Gal-1. This hypothesis was further demonstrated by electron microscopy and DLS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bertuzzi
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
- BioOrgNMR Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ane Martinez-Castillo
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Marta G. Lete
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- BioOrgNMR Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marina Rodrigues Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.R.T.); (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Markéta Bláhová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.R.T.); (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.R.T.); (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Nicola G. A. Abrescia
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Nám. Sítná, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (J.J.-B.)
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (J.J.-B.)
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34
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Sethi A, Sanam S, Alvala R, Alvala M. An updated patent review of galectin-1 and galectin-3 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications (2016-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:709-721. [PMID: 33749494 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1903430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Galectins are ubiquitous in nature. They have established themselves as a protein family of high therapeutic potential and play a role in a wide variety of diseases like cancer, fibrosis, and Alzheimer's. Within the galectin family, galectin- 1 and galectin- 3 have been widely studied and their roles and functions have now been well established. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the important advancements in the development of galectin-1 & 3 inhibitors. All patents filed detailing the divergent strategies to inhibit galectin-1 & 3 from 2016 to present have been covered and discussed. EXPERT OPINION Over the past couple of decades, distinct galectin inhibitors have been synthesized, reported and studied. Among all, the mono and disaccharide-based antagonists have been found to be considerably successful. However, the cumbersome synthetic route followed to develop this class of inhibitors, in addition to complexity involved in making selective modifications within these molecules has posed a significant challenge. Recently, there have been numerous reports on heterocyclic-based galectin inhibitors. If these are established as potent galectin inhibitors, their ease of synthesis and tunability could overcome the potential drawbacks of carbohydrate-based inhibitors and could thus be exploited to develop efficient and highly specific galectin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaftaab Sethi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Swetha Sanam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Ravi Alvala
- G Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India.,Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad, India
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35
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Caridi B, Doncheva D, Sivaprasad S, Turowski P. Galectins in the Pathogenesis of Common Retinal Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:687495. [PMID: 34079467 PMCID: PMC8165321 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.687495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the retina are major causes of visual impairment and blindness in developed countries and, due to an ageing population, their prevalence is continually rising. The lack of effective therapies and the limitations of those currently in use highlight the importance of continued research into the pathogenesis of these diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role in driving vascular dysfunction in retinal disease and has therefore become a key therapeutic target. Recent evidence also points to a potentially similarly important role of galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins. Indeed, they have been implicated in regulating fundamental processes, including vascular hyperpermeability, angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, all of which also play a prominent role in retinopathies. Here, we review direct evidence for pathological roles of galectins in retinal disease. In addition, we extrapolate potential roles of galectins in the retina from evidence in cancer, immune and neuro-biology. We conclude that there is value in increasing understanding of galectin function in retinal biology, in particular in the context of the retinal vasculature and microglia. With greater insight, recent clinical developments of galectin-targeting drugs could potentially also be of benefit to the clinical management of many blinding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Caridi
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dilyana Doncheva
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patric Turowski
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Quintana JI, Delgado S, Núñez-Franco R, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Osés G, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ardá A. Galectin-4 N-Terminal Domain: Binding Preferences Toward A and B Antigens With Different Peripheral Core Presentations. Front Chem 2021; 9:664097. [PMID: 33968903 PMCID: PMC8097242 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.664097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The tandem-repeat Galectin-4 (Gal-4) contains two different domains covalently linked through a short flexible peptide. Both domains have been shown to bind preferentially to A and B histo blood group antigens with different affinities, although the binding details are not yet available. The biological relevance of these associations is unknown, although it could be related to its attributed role in pathogen recognition. The presentation of A and B histo blood group antigens in terms of peripheral core structures differs among tissues and from that of the antigen-mimicking structures produced by pathogens. Herein, the binding of the N-terminal domain of Gal-4 toward a group of differently presented A and B oligosaccharide antigens in solution has been studied through a combination of NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and molecular modeling. The data presented in this paper allow the identification of the specific effects that subtle chemical modifications within this antigenic family have in the binding to the N-terminal domain of Gal-4 in terms of affinity and intermolecular interactions, providing a structural-based rationale for the observed trend in the binding preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon I Quintana
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Reyes Núñez-Franco
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Avda, Monforte de Lemos, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry ll, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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37
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Gómez-Redondo M, Delgado S, Núñez-Franco R, Jiménez-Osés G, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Gimeno A. The two domains of human galectin-8 bind sialyl- and fucose-containing oligosaccharides in an independent manner. A 3D view by using NMR. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:932-941. [PMID: 34179785 PMCID: PMC8190895 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of human galectin-8 and its two separate N-terminal and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) to their natural ligands has been analysed using a synergistic combination of experimental NMR and ITC methods, and molecular dynamics simulations. Both domains bind the minimal epitopes N-acetyllactosamine (1) and Galβ1–3GalNAc (2) in a similar manner. However, the N-terminal and C-terminal domains show exquisite and opposing specificity to bind either Neu5Ac- or Fuc-containing ligands, respectively. Moreover, the addition of the high-affinity ligands specific for one of the CRDs does not make any effect on the binding at the alternative one. Thus, the two CRDs behave independently and may simultaneously target different molecular entities to promote clustering through the generation of supramolecular assemblies. NMR, ITC, and MD data show that the two domains of human galectin-8 independently recognize sialyl- and fucosyl-containing glycans.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gómez-Redondo
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park Building 800 48160 Derio Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park Building 800 48160 Derio Spain
| | - Reyes Núñez-Franco
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park Building 800 48160 Derio Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park Building 800 48160 Derio Spain .,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Plaza Euskadi 5 48009 Bilbao Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park Building 800 48160 Derio Spain .,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Plaza Euskadi 5 48009 Bilbao Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park Building 800 48160 Derio Spain .,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Plaza Euskadi 5 48009 Bilbao Spain.,Departament of Organic Chemistry ll, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park Building 800 48160 Derio Spain
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38
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Ghasemi M, Vahedi Larijani L, Yazdani-Charati J, Kamali Hakim E. Reduced Expression of Galectin-8 May Contribute in Carcinogenic Pathway of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 16:195-204. [PMID: 33936231 PMCID: PMC8085289 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2021.121140.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Galectin-8 has relationships with cell growth and metastasis of some cancers. Due to controversy in the clinical significance of this protein in the cancer process, we investigated its roles in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: This study was performed on 93 samples of patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma or dysplasia of the head and neck, who underwent biopsy or surgery from 2015 till 2017 in Boo-Ali SINA hospital of Sari, Iran. The relevant paraffin embedded tissue blocks were obtained from archive of pathology and evaluated for galectin-8 by immunohistochemistry. The association between expression of galactin-8 and age, sex, location and stage of disease were assessed. To compare expression rate between the groups, Mc-Nemar, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used. The P-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Strong cytoplasmic and nuclear galactin-8 staining was observed in 97.6% cases of normal tissues while 77% of dysplastic lesions and 69% of the cancers revealed negative immunoreactivity. The intensity of expression in dysplastic and malignant tissues was significantly reduced compared with normal tissues (P=0.0001). The expression of galectin-8 did not correlate with stage (P=0.303), lymph node involvement (P=0.326), tumor grade (P=0.769), distant metastasis (P=0.748), and age (P=0.574). Conclusion: We observed that the expression of galectin-8 in dysplastic and malignant squamous epithelium significantly reduced compared with the normal counterpart of them in the head and neck. It may contribute to malignant transformation of head and neck squamous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghasemi
- Department of Pathology, Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Laleh Vahedi Larijani
- Department of Pathology, Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jamshid Yazdani-Charati
- Department of Biostatistics, Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Elham Kamali Hakim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Belkhadem K, Cao Y, Roy R. Synthesis of Galectin Inhibitors by Regioselective 3'- O-Sulfation of Vanillin Lactosides Obtained under Phase Transfer Catalysis. Molecules 2020; 26:E115. [PMID: 33383774 PMCID: PMC7795656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillin-based lactoside derivatives were synthetized using phase-transfer catalyzed reactions from per-O-acetylated lactosyl bromide. The aldehyde group of the vanillin moiety was then modified to generate a series of related analogs having variable functionalities in the para- position of the aromatic residue. The corresponding unprotected lactosides, obtained by Zemplén transesterification, were regioselectively 3'-O-sulfated using tin chemistry activation followed by treatment with sulfur trioxide-trimethylamine complex (Men3N-SO3). Additional derivatives were also prepared from the vanillin's aldehyde using a Knoevenagel reaction to provide extended α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid which was next reduced to the saturated counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Belkhadem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (K.B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yihong Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (K.B.); (Y.C.)
| | - René Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (K.B.); (Y.C.)
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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40
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Bertuzzi S, Gimeno A, Núñez‐Franco R, Bernardo‐Seisdedos G, Delgado S, Jiménez‐Osés G, Millet O, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Ardá A. Unravelling the Time Scale of Conformational Plasticity and Allostery in Glycan Recognition by Human Galectin-1. Chemistry 2020; 26:15643-15653. [PMID: 32780906 PMCID: PMC7756784 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of human galectin-1 with a variety of oligosaccharides, from di-(N-acetyllactosamine) to tetra-saccharides (blood B type-II antigen) has been scrutinized by using a combined approach of different NMR experiments, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Ligand- and receptor-based NMR experiments assisted by computational methods allowed proposing three-dimensional structures for the different complexes, which explained the lack of enthalpy gain when increasing the chemical complexity of the glycan. Interestingly, and independently of the glycan ligand, the entropy term does not oppose the binding event, a rather unusual feature for protein-sugar interactions. CLEANEX-PM and relaxation dispersion experiments revealed that sugar binding affected residues far from the binding site and described significant changes in the dynamics of the protein. In particular, motions in the microsecond-millisecond timescale in residues at the protein dimer interface were identified in the presence of high affinity ligands. The dynamic process was further explored by extensive MD simulations, which provided additional support for the existence of allostery in glycan recognition by human galectin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bertuzzi
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Reyes Núñez‐Franco
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Ganeko Bernardo‐Seisdedos
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez‐Osés
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Jesús Jiménez‐Barbero
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
- Ikerbasque—Basque Foundation for Science48013BilbaoBizkaiaSpain
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIUPV/EHUUniversity of the Basque Country48940LeioaBizkaiaSpain
| | - Ana Ardá
- Molecular Recognition and Host-Pathogen InteractionsCIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTABizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048162DerioBizkaiaSpain
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