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Budiman A, Rusdin A, Wardhana YW, Puluhulawa LE, Cindana Mo’o FR, Thomas N, Gazzali AM, Aulifa DL. Exploring the Transformative Potential of Functionalized Mesoporous Silica in Enhancing Antioxidant Activity: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:936. [PMID: 39199182 PMCID: PMC11352074 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are essential for reducing oxidative stress, protecting cells from damage, and supporting overall well-being. Functionalized mesoporous silica materials have garnered interest due to their flexible uses in diverse domains, such as drug delivery systems. This review aims to thoroughly examine and evaluate the progress made in utilizing functionalized mesoporous silica materials as a possible approach to enhancing antioxidant activity. The authors performed a thorough search of reliable databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clarivate Web of Science, using precise keywords linked to functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles and antioxidants. The identified journals serve as the major framework for the main discussion in this study. Functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles have been reported to greatly enhance antioxidant activity by allowing for an increased loading capacity, controlled release behavior, the targeting of specific drugs, improved biocompatibility and safety, and enhanced penetration. The results emphasize the significant capacity of functionalized mesoporous silica (FSM) to bring about profound changes in a wide range of applications. FSM materials can be designed as versatile nanocarriers, integrating intrinsic antioxidant capabilities and augmenting the efficacy of current drugs, offering substantial progress in antioxidant therapies and drug delivery systems, as well as enhanced substance properties in the pharmaceutical field. Functionalized mesoporous silica materials are a highly effective method for enhancing antioxidant activity. They provide new opportunities for the advancement of cutting-edge treatments and materials in the field of antioxidant research. The significant potential of FSM materials to change drug delivery methods and improve substance properties highlights their crucial role in future breakthroughs in the pharmaceutical field and antioxidant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.R.); (Y.W.W.)
| | - Agus Rusdin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.R.); (Y.W.W.)
| | - Yoga Windhu Wardhana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.R.); (Y.W.W.)
| | - Lisa Efriani Puluhulawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport and Health, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman No. 6, Gorontalo 96128, Indonesia; (L.E.P.); (F.R.C.M.); (N.T.)
| | - Faradila Ratu Cindana Mo’o
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport and Health, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman No. 6, Gorontalo 96128, Indonesia; (L.E.P.); (F.R.C.M.); (N.T.)
| | - Nurain Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport and Health, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman No. 6, Gorontalo 96128, Indonesia; (L.E.P.); (F.R.C.M.); (N.T.)
| | - Amirah Mohd Gazzali
- Department Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, P. Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Diah Lia Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
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Athanasopoulos E, Conradie J. DFT study of the spectroscopic behaviour of different iron(II)-terpyridine derivatives with application in DSSCs. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 129:108753. [PMID: 38461758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Through a comprehensive computational analysis utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT), we clarify the electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of modified iron(II)-terpyridine derivatives, with the aim of enhancing the efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). We optimized a series of nineteen iron(II)-terpyridine derivatives and related compounds in acetonitrile (MeCN) as the solvent using TDDFT, evaluating their potential as dyes for DSSCs. From the conducted computations on the optimized geometries of the nineteen [Fe(Ln)2]2+ complexes, containing substituted terpyridine and related ligands L1-L19, we determined the wavelengths (λ in nm), transition energy (E in eV), oscillator strength (f), type of transitions, excited state lifetime (τ), light harvesting efficiency (LHE), frontier orbital character and their energies (ELUMO/EHOMO), natural transition orbitals (NTOs), injection driving force of a dye (ΔGinject), and regeneration driving force of a dye (ΔGregenerate). Results show that the theoretically calculated values for assessing dye efficiency in a DSSC correlate with available experimental values. The UV-visible spectra of [Fe(Ln)2]2+ exhibited a peak above 500 nm (λmax) in the visible region, attributed to the ligand-to-metal charge transfer band (LMCT) in literature, and a significant absorbance peak at approximately 300 nm (λA,max) in the UV region. The M06-D3/CEP-121G method replicated all reported λmax and λA,max values with a mean absolute deviation (MAD) of 21 and 18 nm, respectively. Our findings underscore the connections between electronic modifications and absorption spectra, emphasizing their impact on the light-harvesting capabilities and overall performance of DSSCs. This research contributes to the advancement of fundamental principles governing the design and optimization of novel photovoltaic materials, facilitating the development of more efficient and sustainable solar energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Athanasopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
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Vilà N, Nguyen L, Lacroix JC, Sun X, Walcarius A, Mbomekallé I. Assessing the Influence of Confinement on the Stability of Polyoxometalate-Functionalized Surfaces: A Soft Sequential Immobilization Approach for Electrochromic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26521-26536. [PMID: 38713480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A functionalization process has been developed and the experimental conditions optimized allowing the immobilization of first-row transition metal (Mn+) containing polyoxometalates (POMs) with the formula [M(H2O)P2W17O61](10-n)- on transparent indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes for electrochromic applications. Both flat ITO grafted with 4-sulfophenyl moieties and sulfonate-functionalized vertically oriented silica films on ITO have been used as electrode supports to evaluate possible confinement effects provided by the mesoporous matrix on the stability of the modified surfaces and their electrochromic properties. Functionalization involved a two-step sequential process: (i) the immobilization of hexaaqua metallic ions, such as Fe(H2O)63+, onto the sulfonate-functionalized materials achieved through hydrogen bonding interactions between the sulfonate functions and aqua ligands (water molecules) coordinated to the metallic ions facilitating and stabilizing the attachment of the metallic ions to the sulfonated surfaces; (ii) their coordination to [P2W17O61]10- species to generate "in situ" the target [Fe(H2O)P2W17O61]7- moieties. Comparison of the characterized surfaces clearly evidenced a significant improvement in the long-term stability of the nanostructured [Fe(H2O)P2W17O61]7--functionalized silica films compared to the less constrained flat [Fe(H2O)P2W17O61]7--modified ITO electrodes for which a rapid loss of [P2W17O61]10- species was observed. Concordantly, the [Fe(H2O)P2W17O61]7- POM confined in the mesoporous films coated on ITO gave rise to much better and stable electrochromic properties, with a transmittance modulation of 40% at 515 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Vilà
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, Nancy F-54000, France
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, Paris F-75, France
| | | | - Xiaonan Sun
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, Paris F-75, France
| | | | - Israël Mbomekallé
- Université Paris Saclay CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique,Orsay F-91405, France
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Tananaiko O, Walcarius A. Composite Silica-Based Films as Platforms for Electrochemical Sensors. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300194. [PMID: 37737456 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Sol-gel-derived silica thin films generated onto electrode surfaces in the form of organic-inorganic hybrid coatings or other composite layers have found tremendous interest for being used as platforms for the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. After a brief description of the strategies applied to prepare such materials, and their interest as electrode modifier, this review will summarize the major advances made so far with composite silica-based films in electroanalysis. It will primarily focus on electrochemical sensors involving both non-ordered composite films and vertically oriented mesoporous membranes, the biosensors exploiting the concept of sol-gel bioencapsulation on electrode, the spectroelectrochemical sensors, and some others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Tananaiko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01601
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Innocenzi P. Mesoporous ordered films via self-assembly: trends and perspectives. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13264-13279. [PMID: 36507165 PMCID: PMC9682886 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04828k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of ordered mesoporous films via self-assembly represents one of the main accomplishments in nanoscience. In fact, controlling the complex chemical-physical phenomena that govern the process triggered by the solvent's fast evaporation during film deposition has represented a challenging task. Several years after the first articles on the subject, the research in the field entered a new stage. New advanced applications based on the peculiar properties of mesoporous films are envisaged while basic research is still going on, especially to clarify the mechanism behind self-organization in a spatially defined environment and the physics and chemistry in mesoscale porosity. This review has been dedicated to analysing the main trends in the fields and the perspective for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Innocenzi
- Laboratory of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (LMNT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, CR-INSTM, University of SassariViale San Pietro 43/BSassari 07100Italy,Department of Chemistry, University of United Arab Emirates, Al Ain. United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates
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Ahoulou S, Richart C, Carteret C, Pillet S, Vilà N, Walcarius A. Weak Coordinating Character of Organosulfonates in Oriented Silica Films: An Efficient Approach for Immobilizing Cationic Metal-Transition Complexes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175444. [PMID: 36080210 PMCID: PMC9458166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (II) tris(2,2′-bipyridine) complexes, [Fe(bpy)3]2+, have been synthesized and immobilized in organosulfonate-functionalized nanostructured silica thin films taking advantage of the stabilization of [Fe(H2O)6]2+ species by hydrogen bonds to the anionic sulfonate moieties grafted to the silica nanopores. In a first step, thiol-based silica films have been electrochemically generated on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by co-condensation of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Secondly, the thiol function has been modified to sulfonate by chemical oxidation using hydrogen peroxide in acidic medium as an oxidizing agent. The immobilization of [Fe(bpy)3]2+ complexes has been performed in situ in two consecutive steps: (i) impregnation of the sulfonate functionalized silica films in an aqueous solution of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate; (ii) dipping of the iron-containing mesostructures in a solution of bipyridine ligands in acetonitrile. The in situ formation of the [Fe(bpy)3]2+ complex is evidenced by its characteristic optical absorption spectrum, and elemental composition analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The measured optical and electrochemical properties of immobilized [Fe(bpy)3]2+ complexes are not altered by confinement in the nanostructured silica thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ahoulou
- LCPME, CNRS, Universite de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
- CRM2, CNRS, Universite de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Clara Richart
- LCPME, CNRS, Universite de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Sébastien Pillet
- CRM2, CNRS, Universite de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (N.V.); (A.W.)
| | - Neus Vilà
- LCPME, CNRS, Universite de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (N.V.); (A.W.)
| | - Alain Walcarius
- LCPME, CNRS, Universite de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (N.V.); (A.W.)
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Jiang L, Griffiths P, Balouet J, Faure T, Lyons R, Fustin CA, Baeza GP. Magneto-Responsive Nanocomposites with a Metal–Ligand Supramolecular Matrix. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuyin Jiang
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pablo Griffiths
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julie Balouet
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Titouan Faure
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rowanne Lyons
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Charles-André Fustin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Guilhem P. Baeza
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
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Remarkably flexible 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridines and their group 8–10 transition metal complexes – Chemistry and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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4′-(N-(Propargyl)pyrrol-2-yl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new terpyridine molecule, bearing a N-propargylated pyrrole, was prepared and characterized. Its synthesis was based on a Krohnke-type reaction between 2-acetylpyridine and N-propargylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde in a basic medium. An allene-containing terpyridine was also obtained as a by-product.
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Ahoulou S, Vilà N, Pillet S, Carteret C, Schaniel D, Walcarius A. Multi-stimuli Photo and Redox-active Nanostructured Mesoporous Silica Films on Transparent Electrodes. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2464-2477. [PMID: 34708493 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Silica matrices hosting transition metal guest complexes may offer remarkable platforms for the development of advanced functional devices. We report here the elaboration of ordered and vertically oriented mesoporous silica thin films containing covalently attached tris(bipyridine)iron derivatives using a combination of electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) method and Huisgen cycloaddition reaction. Such a versatile approach is primarily used to bind nitrogen-based chelating ligands such as (4-[(2-propyn-1-yloxy)]4'-methyl-2,2'-bypiridine, bpy') inside the nanochannels. Further derivatization of the bpy'-functionalized silica thin films is then achieved via a subsequent in-situ complexation step to generate [Fe(bpy)2 (bpy')]2+ inside the mesopore channels. After giving spectroscopic evidences for the presence of such complexes in the functionalized film, electrochemistry is used to transform the confined diamagnetic (S=0) F e L S b p y 2 b p y ' 2 + species to paramagnetic (S=1/2) oxidized F e L S b p y 2 b p y ' 3 + species in a reversible way, while blue light irradiation (λ=470 nm) enables populating the short-lived paramagnetic (S=2) F e H S b p y 2 b p y ' 2 + excited state. [Fe(bpy)2 (bpy')]2+ -functionalized ordered films are therefore both electro- and photo-active through the manipulation of the oxidation state and spin state of the confined complexes, paving the way for their integration in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ahoulou
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME UMR 7564, 54000, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, CRM2 UMR 7036, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Neus Vilà
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME UMR 7564, 54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Cédric Carteret
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME UMR 7564, 54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Alain Walcarius
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME UMR 7564, 54000, Nancy, France
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Zhou L, Liu H, Liu K, Wei S. Gold Compounds and the Anticancer Immune Response. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:739481. [PMID: 34588987 PMCID: PMC8473785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.739481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold compounds are not only well-explored for cytotoxic effects on tumors, but are also known to interact with the cancer immune system. The immune system deploys innate and adaptive mechanisms to protect against pathogens and prevent malignant transformation. The combined action of gold compounds with the activated immune system has shown promising results in cancer therapy through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Gold compounds are known to induce innate immune responses; however, these responses may contribute to adaptive immune responses. Gold compounds play the role of a major hapten that acts synergistically in innate immunity. Gold compounds support cancer cell antigenicity and promote anti-tumor immune response by inducing the release of CRT, ATP, HMGB1, HSP, and NKG2D to enhance immunogenicity. Gold compounds affect various immune cells (including suppressor regulatory T cells), inhibit myeloid derived suppressor cells, and enhance the function and number of dendritic cells. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have potential for improving the effect of immunotherapy and reducing the toxicity and side effects of the treatment process. Thus, AuNPs provide an ideal opportunity for exploring the combination of anticancer gold compounds and immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Walcarius A. Electroinduced Surfactant Self-Assembly Driven to Vertical Growth of Oriented Mesoporous Films. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3563-3575. [PMID: 34469107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular soft-templating approaches to mesoporous materials have revolutionized the generation of regular nanoarchitectures exhibiting unique features such as uniform pore structure with tunable dimensions, large surface area, and high pore volume, variability of composition, and/or ease of functionalization with a wide range of organo-functional groups or good hosts for the in situ synthesis of nano-objects. One appealing concept in this field is the development of ordered mesoporous thin films as such a configuration has proven to be essential for various applications including separation, sensing, catalysis (electro and photo), energy conversion and storage, photonics, solar cells, photo- and electrochromism, and low-k dielectric coatings for microelectronics, bio and nanobio devices, or biomimetic surfaces. Supported or free-standing mesoporous films are mostly prepared by evaporation induced self-assembly methods, thanks to their good processing capability and flexibility to manufacture mesostructured oxides and organic-inorganic hybrids films with periodically organized porosity.One important challenge is the control of pore orientation, especially in one-dimensional nanostructures, which is not straightforward from the above evaporation induced self-assembly methods. Accessibility of the pores represents another critical issue, which can be basically ensured in the event of effective interconnections between the pores, but the vertical alignment of mesopore channels will definitely offer the best configuration to secure the most efficient transfer processes through the mesoporous membranes. The orthogonal growth of mesochannels is however not thermodynamically favored, requiring the development of methods enabling self-organization through nonequilibrium states. We found that electrochemistry afforded a real boon to tackle this problem via the electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) method, which not only provides a fast and versatile way to generate highly ordered and hexagonally packed mesopore channels but also constitutes a real platform for the development of functionalized oriented films carrying a wide range of organo-functional groups of adjustable composition and properties.This Account introduces the EASA concept and discusses its development along with the significant progress made from its discovery, notably in view of recent advances on the functionalization of oriented mesoporous silica films, which expand their fields of application. EASA is based on the in situ combination of electrochemically triggered pH-induced polycondensation of silica precursors with electrochemical interfacial surfactant templating, leading to the very fast (a few seconds) growth of vertically aligned silica walls through self-assembly around surfactant hemimicelles transiently formed onto the underlying support. This method benefits from the possibility to deposit uniform thin films onto surfaces of different natures and complex morphologies including at the microscale. From this discovery, our research expanded to cover domains beyond the simple production of bare silica films, turning to the challenge of incorporation and exploitation of organo-functional groups or nanofilaments. So far, the great majority of methods developed for the functionalization of mesoporous silica is based on postsynthesis grafting or co-condensation approaches, which suffer from serious limitations with oriented films (pore blocking, lack of ordering). We demonstrated the uniqueness of EASA combined with click chemistry to afford a versatile and universal route to oriented mesoporous films bearing organo-functional groups of multiple composition. This opened perspectives for future developments and applications, some of which (sensing, permselective coatings, energy storage, electrocatalysis, electrochromism) are also considered in this Account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Walcarius
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l’Environnement (LCPME), 405 Rue de Vandoeuvre, F-54000 Nancy, France
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13
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Napierała S, Kubicki M, Wałęsa-Chorab M. Toward Electrochromic Metallopolymers: Synthesis and Properties of Polyazomethines Based on Complexes of Transition-Metal Ions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14011-14021. [PMID: 34396778 PMCID: PMC8456411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The tridentate ligand L and its complexes with transition-metal ions have been prepared and characterized. The polycondensation reactions of transition-metal complexes with different dialdehydes led to the formation of transition-metal-complex-based polyazomethines, which have been obtained by on-substrate polymerization, and their electrochemical and electrochromic performance have been investigated. The most interesting properties are exhibited by polymers of Fe(II) and Cu(II) ions obtained by the reaction of the appropriate complexes with a triphenylamine-based dialdehyde. Fe(II) polymer P1 undergoes a reversible oxidation/reduction process and a color change from orange to gray due to the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) ions concomitant with the oxidation of the triphenylamine group. Its electrochromic properties such as long-term stability, switching times, and coloration efficiencies have been investigated, providing evidence of the utility of the on-substrate polycondensation reaction in the formation of thin films of electrochromic metallopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiusz Napierała
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Kubicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Wałęsa-Chorab
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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