1
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Lee JH, Lim WB, Min JG, Lee JR, Kim JW, Bae JH, Huh PH. Synthesis of Room Temperature Curable Polymer Binder Mixed with Polymethyl Methacrylate and Urethane Acrylate for High-Strength and Improved Transparency. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1418. [PMID: 38794611 PMCID: PMC11125192 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Urethane acrylate (UA) was synthesized from various di-polyols, such as poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTMG, Mn = 1000), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, Mn = 1000), and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG, Mn = 1000), for use as a polymer binder for paint. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and UA were blended to form an acrylic resin with high transmittance and stress-strain curve. When PMMA was blended with UA, a network structure was formed due to physical entanglement between the two polymers, increasing the mechanical properties. UA was synthesized by forming a prepolymer using di-polyol and hexamethylene diisocyanate, which were chain structure monomers, and capping them with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate to provide an acryl group. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to observe the changes in functional groups, and gel permeation chromatography was used to confirm that the three series showed similar molecular weight and PDI values. The yellowing phenomenon that appears mainly in the curing reaction of the polymer binder was solved, and the mechanical properties according to the effects of the polyol used in the main chain were compared. The content of the blended UA was quantified using ultravioletvisible spectroscopy at a wavelength of 370 nm based on 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%, and the shear strength and tensile strength were evaluated using specimens in a suitable mode. The ratio for producing the polymer binder was optimized. The mechanical properties of the polymer binder with 5-10 wt% UA were improved in all series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ji-Hong Bae
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (W.-B.L.); (J.-G.M.); (J.-R.L.); (J.-W.K.)
| | - Pil-Ho Huh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (W.-B.L.); (J.-G.M.); (J.-R.L.); (J.-W.K.)
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2
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Wang X, Qin Q, Lu Y, Mi Y, Meng J, Zhao Z, Wu H, Cao X, Wang N. Smart Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Stimulus-Response Materials: From Intelligent Applications to Self-Powered Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1316. [PMID: 37110900 PMCID: PMC10141953 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Smart responsive materials can react to external stimuli via a reversible mechanism and can be directly combined with a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to deliver various intelligent applications, such as sensors, actuators, robots, artificial muscles, and controlled drug delivery. Not only that, mechanical energy in the reversible response of innovative materials can be scavenged and transformed into decipherable electrical signals. Because of the high dependence of amplitude and frequency on environmental stimuli, self-powered intelligent systems may be thus built and present an immediate response to stress, electrical current, temperature, magnetic field, or even chemical compounds. This review summarizes the recent research progress of smart TENGs based on stimulus-response materials. After briefly introducing the working principle of TENG, we discuss the implementation of smart materials in TENGs with a classification of several sub-groups: shape-memory alloy, piezoelectric materials, magneto-rheological, and electro-rheological materials. While we focus on their design strategy and function collaboration, applications in robots, clinical treatment, and sensors are described in detail to show the versatility and promising future of smart TNEGs. In the end, challenges and outlooks in this field are highlighted, with an aim to promote the integration of varied advanced intelligent technologies into compact, diverse functional packages in a self-powered mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qinghao Qin
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yajun Mi
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiajing Meng
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zequan Zhao
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Han Wu
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Ning Wang
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China;
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3
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Xu C, Jiang Z, Zhong T, Chen C, Ren W, Sun T, Fu F. Multi-strand Fibers with Hierarchical Helical Structures Driven by Water or Moisture for Soft Actuators. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:2243-2252. [PMID: 36687042 PMCID: PMC9850490 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Smart actuators that combine excellent mechanical properties and responsive actuating performance like biological muscles have attracted considerable attention. In this study, a water/humidity responsive actuator, consisting of multi-strand carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) fibers with helical structures, was prepared using wet-spinning and twisting methods. The results showed that owing to the multi-strand structure, the actuator consisted of one-, two-, three-, and four-strand helical fibers, thus achieving a combination of high strength (∼27 MPa), high toughness (>10.34 MJ/m3), and large load limit (>0.30 N), which enable the actuator to theoretically withstand a weight that is at least 20,000 times its weight. Meanwhile, owing to the excellent moisture-responsive ability of CMC, the actuator, with a 5 g load, could achieve untwisting motion. Additionally, its maximum speed was approximately 2158 ± 233 rpm/m under water stimulation, whereas the recovery speed could reach 804 ± 44 rpm/m. Moreover, this untwisting-recovery reversible process was cyclic, whereas the shape and the actuating speed of the actuator remained stable after more than 150 cycles. The actuator improved the load limit that the fiber could withstand when driving under stimulation, thereby enabling the actuator to lift or move heavy objects like human muscles when executing spontaneously under external stimuli. This result shows considerable potential applications in artificial muscles and biomimetic robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxue Xu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced
Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai
University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlin Jiang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced
Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai
University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
- Science and Technology on
Advanced Ceramic
Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National
University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, P. R.
China
| | - Tiantian Zhong
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced
Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai
University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced
Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai
University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wanting Ren
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced
Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai
University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced
Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai
University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Fanfan Fu
- School
of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
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4
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Chen X, Zeng X, Luo K, Chen T, Zhang T, Yan G, Wang L. A Multiple Remotely Controlled Platform from Recyclable Polyurethane Composite Network with Shape-Memory Effect and Self-Healing Ability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205286. [PMID: 36316237 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials can transform from temporary to permanent shapes by specific external triggers. However, the damage might inevitably occur to them when exposed to complex environments, causing a significant reduction in their lifetime and quality. In this study, recyclable remotely controlled shape-changing polyurethane composite with self-healing compacity is developed from polyethylene glycol, polytetrahydrofuran diol using isophorone diisocyanate as crosslinker. After the incorporation of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), remote heating could be generated by near-infrared irradiation and alternating magnetic fields. The results show that MNPs are uniformly distributed in the smart networks, resulting in tunable temperature changes of the polymer composite material under various direct/indirect triggering in bending experiments, presenting different shape recovery rates. Moreover, to enhance the self-healing capability, a disulfide bond is introduced into the polymer networks, and the results show that highly efficient and rapid healing could be achieved from tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy as well as optical microscopy. Additionally, the synergistic effect of transesterification and the dynamic exchange of disulfide bonds brin the networks reproducibility for recycling use. The obtained material is promising to be an alternative material for soft robots and smart sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Big Health and Intelligent Engineering, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, P. R. China
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Xiyang Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Kun Luo
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Big Health and Intelligent Engineering, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Big Health and Intelligent Engineering, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, P. R. China
| | - Guilong Yan
- School of New Energy and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Big Health and Intelligent Engineering, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, P. R. China
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
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5
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Liu Z, Li J, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wu C, Yu Y. Incorporating Self-Healing Capability in Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogels by Non-Covalent Chitosan Crosslinkers. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Liu Z, Zhang R, Yang K, Yue Y, Wang F, Li K, Wang G, Lian J, Xin G. Highly Thermally Conductive Bimorph Structures for Low-Grade Heat Energy Harvester and Energy-Efficient Actuators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39031-39038. [PMID: 35993541 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-power electronics are urgently needed for various emerging technologies, e.g., actuators as signal transducers and executors. Collecting energy from ubiquitous low-grade heat sources (T < 100 °C) as an uninterrupted power supply for low-power electronics is highly desirable. However, the majority of energy-harvesting systems are not capable of collecting low-grade heat energy in an efficient and constant manner. Limited by materials and driving mode, fabrications of low-power and energy-efficient actuators are still challenging. Here, highly thermally conductive bimorph structures based on graphene/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) structures have been fabricated as low-grade heat energy harvesters and energy-efficient actuators. Regular temperature fluctuations on bimorph structures can be controlled by nonequilibrium heat transfer, leading to stable and self-sustained thermomechanical cycles. By coupling ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) with bimorph structures, uninterrupted thermomechanoelectrical energy conversion has been achieved from the low-grade heat source. Utilizing the rapid thermal transport capability, multifinger soft grippers are assembled with bimorph actuators, demonstrating fast response, large displacement, and adaptive grip when driven by low-temperature heaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Liu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yue Yue
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fanfan Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kangyong Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Gongkai Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Jie Lian
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110, 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Guoqing Xin
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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7
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Swanson WB, Durdan M, Eberle M, Woodbury S, Mauser A, Gregory J, Zhang B, Niemann D, Herremans J, Ma PX, Lahann J, Weivoda M, Mishina Y, Greineder CF. A library of Rhodamine6G-based pH-sensitive fluorescent probes with versatile in vivo and in vitro applications. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:748-764. [PMID: 35755193 PMCID: PMC9175114 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00030j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidic pH is critical to the function of the gastrointestinal system, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and the endolysosomal compartment of nearly every cell in the body. Non-invasive, real-time fluorescence imaging of acidic microenvironments represents a powerful tool for understanding normal cellular biology, defining mechanisms of disease, and monitoring for therapeutic response. While commercially available pH-sensitive fluorescent probes exist, several limitations hinder their widespread use and potential for biologic application. To address this need, we developed a novel library of pH-sensitive probes based on the highly photostable and water-soluble fluorescent molecule, Rhodamine 6G. We demonstrate versatility in terms of both pH sensitivity (i.e., pK a) and chemical functionality, allowing conjugation to small molecules, proteins, nanoparticles, and regenerative biomaterial scaffold matrices. Furthermore, we show preserved pH-sensitive fluorescence following a variety of forms of covalent functionalization and demonstrate three potential applications, both in vitro and in vivo, for intracellular and extracellular pH sensing. Finally, we develop a computation approach for predicting the pH sensitivity of R6G derivatives, which could be used to expand our library and generate probes with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Benton Swanson
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Margaret Durdan
- Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Miranda Eberle
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Seth Woodbury
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Ava Mauser
- Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Jason Gregory
- Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Boya Zhang
- Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - David Niemann
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Jacob Herremans
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, College of Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, College of Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Megan Weivoda
- Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Bldg #26 Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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8
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Fabrication of Self-Oscillating Gels by Polymer Crosslinking Method and Analysis on Their Autonomous Swelling-Deswelling Behaviors. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050267. [PMID: 35621565 PMCID: PMC9141476 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a new methodology for fabricating self-oscillating gels by a post-polymerization crosslinking. The method enables us to make the self-oscillating gels easily just by mixing two kinds of polymer solutions at room temperature with fast gelation. Moreover, the polymer crosslinking method has the advantage that the self-oscillating gels could be fabricated from well-defined linear polymers. We revealed that the dynamic swelling-deswelling behavior of the gels was simply affected by the net amount of the catalyst for the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction in the whole gels, although the equilibrium swelling behavior was influenced by the properties of the constituent linear polymers. Our results offer the opportunity to access the origin of the dynamic and equilibrium behavior of materials by the hierarchical assembly as well as enable easy microfabrication of the self-oscillating gel.
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9
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Masuda Y, Ishikawa M. Review of Electronics-Free Robotics: Toward a Highly Decentralized Control Architecture. JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS AND MECHATRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.20965/jrm.2022.p0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, conventional model-based motion control has become more challenging owing to the continuously increasing complexity of areas in which robots must operate and navigate. A promising approach for solving this issue is by employing interaction-based robotics, which includes behavior-based robotics, morphological computations, and soft robotics that generate control and computation functions based on interactions between the robot body and environment. These control strategies, which incorporate the diverse dynamics of the environment to generate control and computation functions, may alleviate the limitations imposed by the finite physical and computational resources of conventional robots. However, current interaction-based robots can only perform a limited number of actions compared with conventional robots. To increase the diversity of behaviors generated from body–environment interactions, a robotic body design methodology that can generate appropriate behaviors depending on the various situations and environmental stimuli that arise from them is necessitated. Electronics-free robotics is reviewed herein as a paradigm for designing robots with control and computing functions in each part of the body. In electronics-free robotics, instead of using electrical sensors or computers, a control system is constructed based on only mechanical or chemical reactions. Robotic bodies fabricated using this approach do not require bulky electrical wiring or peripheral circuits and can perform control and computational functions by obtaining energy from a central source. Therefore, by distributing these electronics-free controllers throughout the body, we hope to design autonomous and highly decentralized robotic bodies than can generate various behaviors in response to environmental stimuli. This new paradigm of designing and controlling robot bodies can enable realization of completely electronics-free robots as well as expand the range of conventional electronics-based robot designs.
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10
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Yang K, Tang Z, Ye Y, Ding M, Zhang P, Zhu Y, Guo Q, Chen G, Weng M. Dual‐responsive and bidirectional bending actuators based on a graphene oxide composite for bionic soft robotics. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaihuai Yang
- School of Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Zhendong Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Yuanji Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Min Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Peiqian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Yongkang Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Qiaohang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Guiqing Chen
- School of Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Mingcen Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou Fujian China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials Fujian Normal University Fuzhou Fujian China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou Fujian China
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