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Tesfagaber W, Wang W, Wang L, Zhao R, Zhu Y, Li F, Sun E, Liu R, Bu Z, Meng G, Zhao D. A highly efficient blocking ELISA based on p72 monoclonal antibody for the detection of African swine fever virus antibodies and identification of its linear B cell epitope. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131695. [PMID: 38642684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Due to the absence of effective vaccine and treatment, African swine fever virus (ASFV) control is entirely dependent on accurate and early diagnosis, along with culling of infected pigs. The B646L/p72 is the major capsid protein of ASFV and is an important target for developing a diagnostic assays and vaccines. Herein, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) (designated as 2F11) against the trimeric p72 protein, and a blocking ELISA (bELISA) was established for the detection of both genotype I and II ASFV antibodies. To evaluate the performance of the diagnostic test, a total of 506 porcine serum samples were tested. The average value of percent of inhibition (PI) of 133 negative pig serum was 8.4 % with standard deviation (SD) 6.5 %. Accordingly, the cut-off value of the newly established method was set at 28 % (mean + 3SD). Similarly, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was applied to determine the cut off value and the p72-bELISA exhibited a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 99.33 % when the detection threshold was set at 28 %. The bELISA was also able to specifically recognize anti-ASFV sera without cross-reacting with other positive serums for other major swine pathogens. Moreover, by designing a series of overlapped p72 truncated proteins, the linear B cell epitope recognized by 2F11 mAb was defined to be 283NSHNIQ288. Amino acid sequence comparison revealed that the amino acid sequence 283NSHNIQ288 is highly conserved between different ASFV isolates. Our findings indicate that the newly established mAb based blocking ELISA may have a great potential in improving the detection of ASFV antibodies and provides solid foundation for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weldu Tesfagaber
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanmao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Encheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Renqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Geng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, People's Republic of China.
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Hu Z, Tian X, Lai R, Wang X, Li X. Current detection methods of African swine fever virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1289676. [PMID: 38144466 PMCID: PMC10739333 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1289676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious and notifiable animal disease in domestic pigs and wild boars, as designated by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). The effective diagnosis of ASF holds great importance in promptly controlling its spread due to its increasing prevalence and the continuous emergence of variant strains. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the most common and up-to-date methods established for various genes/proteins associated with ASFV. The discussed methods primarily focus on the detection of viral genomes or particles, as well as the detection of ASFV associated antibodies. It is anticipated that this paper will serve as a reference for choosing appropriate diagnostic methods in diverse application scenarios, while also provide direction for the development of innovative technologies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hu
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaogang Tian
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Ranran Lai
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Xianyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
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Pakotiprapha D, Kuhaudomlarp S, Tinikul R, Chanarat S. Bridging the Gap: Can COVID-19 Research Help Combat African Swine Fever? Viruses 2023; 15:1925. [PMID: 37766331 PMCID: PMC10536364 DOI: 10.3390/v15091925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boar, caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Despite being harmless to humans, ASF poses significant challenges to the swine industry, due to sudden losses and trade restrictions. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spurred an unparalleled global research effort, yielding remarkable advancements across scientific disciplines. In this review, we explore the potential technological spillover from COVID-19 research into ASF. Specifically, we assess the applicability of the diagnostic tools, vaccine development strategies, and biosecurity measures developed for COVID-19 for combating ASF. Additionally, we discuss the lessons learned from the pandemic in terms of surveillance systems and their implications for managing ASF. By bridging the gap between COVID-19 and ASF research, we highlight the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration and technological spillovers in the battle against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sittinan Chanarat
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Zhao L, Wu L, Xu W, Wei J, Niu X, Liu G, Yu L, Wu Y, Zhou Q, Liu L. Diagnostic techniques for critical respiratory infections: Update on current methods. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18957. [PMID: 37600408 PMCID: PMC10432708 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections, whether chronic or acute, are frequent in both children and adults and result in an economic burden in health care systems. In particular, for an immunocompromised patient, respiratory infection leads to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, a leading cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Most respiratory infections are caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, smoking, or air pollution. Over the last two decades, considerable improvements have been made in understanding and identifying respiratory infections. Various biosensing techniques have been developed with a range of targets to identify the infection at earlier stages. Recently, nanomaterials have been effectively applied to improve biosensors and their analytical performances. This review discusses recent biosensor developments for identifying respiratory infections caused by viruses and bacteria assisted by different types of nanomaterials and target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jing Wei
- Chaoyang District of the Third Hospital, 1268 Jiuzhou Street, Xihu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaorong Niu
- Chaoyang District of the Third Hospital, 1268 Jiuzhou Street, Xihu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - GuoYin Liu
- Chaoyang District of the Third Hospital, 1268 Jiuzhou Street, Xihu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li Yu
- Chaoyang District of the Third Hospital, 1268 Jiuzhou Street, Xihu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Chaoyang District of the Third Hospital, 1268 Jiuzhou Street, Xihu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Chaoyang District of the Third Hospital, 1268 Jiuzhou Street, Xihu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Chaoyang District of the Third Hospital, 1268 Jiuzhou Street, Xihu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
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Sotnikov DV, Byzova NA, Zherdev AV, Xu Y, Dzantiev BB. Comparison of Three Lateral Flow Immunoassay Formats for the Detection of Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Antigen. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:750. [PMID: 37504148 PMCID: PMC10376990 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Reliable detection of specific antibodies against pathogens by lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) greatly depends on the composition of the detectable complex and the order of its assembly. We compared three LFIA formats for revealing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in sera with the following detected complexes in the analytical zone of the strip: antigen-antibodies-labeled immunoglobulin-binding protein (Scheme A); antigen-antibodies-labeled antigen (Scheme B); and immunoglobulin-binding protein-antibodies-labeled antigen (Scheme C). The lowest detection limit was observed for Scheme C, and was equal to 10 ng/mL of specific humanized monoclonal antibodies. When working with pooled positive sera, Scheme C had a detection limit 15 times lower than Scheme B and 255 times lower than Scheme A. Due to the high sensitivity of Scheme C, its application for the panel of human sera (n = 22) demonstrated 100% diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. These consistent results be useful for designing the format of LFIA serodiagnosis for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V Sotnikov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A Byzova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Zherdev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Youchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boris B Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Zuo X, Peng G, Xia Y, Xu L, Zhao Q, Zhu Y, Wang C, Liu Y, Zhao J, Wang H, Zou X. A quadruple fluorescence quantitative PCR method for the identification of wild strains of african swine fever and gene-deficient strains. Virol J 2023; 20:150. [PMID: 37452402 PMCID: PMC10347796 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Originating in Africa, African swine fever (ASF) was introduced to China in 2018. This acute and highly virulent infectious disease affects domestic pigs. The World Organization for Animal Health has listed it as a statutory reportable disease, and China has listed it as a category A infectious disease. METHODS Primers and probes were designed for four ASFV genes (B646L, EP402R, MGF505-3R, and A137R). The primers/probes were highly conserved compared with the gene sequences of 21 ASFV strains. RESULTS After optimization, the calibration curve showed good linearity (R2 > 0.99), the minimum concentration of positive plasmids that could be detected was 50 copies/µL, and the minimum viral load detection limit was 102 HAD50/mL. Furthermore, quadruple quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with nucleic acids from three porcine-derived DNA viruses and cDNAs from eight RNA viruses did not show amplification curves, indicating that the method was specific. In addition, 1 × 106, 1 × 105, and 1 × 104 copies/µL of mixed plasmids were used for the quadruple qPCR; the coefficient of variation for triplicate determination between groups was < 2%, indicating the method was reproducible. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained by testing clinical samples containing detectable EP402R, MGF505-3R, and A137R strains with different combinations of gene deletions were as expected. Therefore, the established quadruple qPCR method was validated for the molecular diagnosis of ASF using gene-deleted ASFV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Guorui Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yingju Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Lu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Qizu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yebing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xingqi Zou
- China/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China.
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Abu N, Mohd Bakhori N, Shueb RH. Lateral Flow Assay for Hepatitis B Detection: A Review of Current and New Assays. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1239. [PMID: 37374824 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
From acute to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer, hepatitis B infection causes a broad spectrum of liver diseases. Molecular and serological tests have been used to diagnose hepatitis B-related illnesses. Due to technology limitations, it is challenging to identify hepatitis B infection cases at an early stage, particularly in a low- and middle-income country with constrained resources. Generally, the gold-standard methods to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection requires dedicated personnel, bulky, expensive equipment and reagents, and long processing times which delay the diagnosis of HBV. Thus, lateral flow assay (LFA), which is inexpensive, straightforward, portable, and operates reliably, has dominated point-of-care diagnostics. LFA consists of four parts: a sample pad where samples are dropped; a conjugate pad where labeled tags and biomarker components are combined; a nitrocellulose membrane with test and control lines for target DNA-probe DNA hybridization or antigen-antibody interaction; and a wicking pad where waste is stored. By modifying the pre-treatment during the sample preparation process or enhancing the signal of the biomarker probes on the membrane pad, the accuracy of the LFA for qualitative and quantitative analysis can be improved. In this review, we assembled the most recent developments in LFA technologies for the progress of hepatitis B infection detection. Prospects for ongoing development in this area are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhidayah Abu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, Kulim 09000, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Noremylia Mohd Bakhori
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, Kulim 09000, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Wang L, Li D, Liu Y, Zhang L, Peng G, Xu Z, Jia H, Song C. Development of an effective one-step double-antigen sandwich ELISA based on p72 to detect antibodies against African swine fever virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1160583. [PMID: 37360404 PMCID: PMC10287978 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1160583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by ASF virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious and lethal disease of domestic pigs leading to tremendous economic losses. As there are no vaccines and drugs available. An effective diagnosis to eliminate ASFV-infected pigs is a crucial strategy to prevent and control ASF. To this end, ASFV capsid protein p72 was expressed using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and subsequently conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to develop a one-step double-antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (one-step DAgS-ELISA). The performance of this ELISA for detecting ASFV antibodies was evaluated. Overall, a diagnostic sensitivity of 97.96% and specificity of 98.96% was achieved when the cutoff value was set to 0.25. No cross-reaction with healthy pig serum and other swine viruses was observed. The coefficients of variation of the intra-assay and inter-assay were both <10%. Importantly, this ELISA could detect antibodies in standard serum with 12,800-fold dilution, and seroconversion started from the 7th day post-inoculation (dpi), showing excellent analytical sensitivity and great utility. Furthermore, compared to the commercial kit, this ELISA had a good agreement and significantly shorter operation time. Collectively, a novel one-step DAgS-ELISA for detecting antibodies against ASFV is developed, which will be reliable and convenient to monitor ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Duan Li
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Peng
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jia
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changxu Song
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Duan X, Liu Y, Chen Z, Xie Z, Tian C, Li Y, Lv L, Wang R, Liu J, Chen H. Identification of monoclonal antibody targeting epitope on p72 trimeric spike of African swine fever virus. Virus Genes 2023:10.1007/s11262-023-02003-0. [PMID: 37191778 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is highly contagious and can cause lethal disease in pigs. ASFV p72 protein is a major capsid protein that presents as trimer in the virion. Epitopes on the surface of p72 trimer are considered as protective antigens. In this study, recombinant p72 protein and p72-baculovirus were constructed and obtained. Three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to ASFV p72 protein, designated as 1A3, 2B5 and 4A5, were generated. Among them, 4A5 showed strong reactivity with ASFV infected cells. Subsequently, the epitope recognized by 4A5 was mapped and identified using a series of overlapping peptides generated from p72 protein. IFA and western blot analyses showed that 4A5 recognized the linear epitope of p72 monomer located between amino acids 245-285 and recognized the conformational epitope located at the surface and top of the p72 trimer. These findings will enrich our knowledge regarding the epitope on p72 protein and provide valuable information for further characterization of the antigenicity and molecular functions of p72 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulai Duan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Zongyan Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chuanwen Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China.
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Tilocca B, Greco V, Soggiu A, Urbani A, Britti D, Bonizzi L, Buonavoglia C, Roncada P. Multiepitope array as the key for African Swine Fever diagnosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 257:110548. [PMID: 36736103 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is an acute hemorrhagic fever affecting suids with high mortality and morbidity rate. The causal agent of ASF, the African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), is an icosahedral virus of 200 nm diameter, composed of an outer envelope layer of host derivation and a linear 170-190 kb long dsDNA molecule. As of today, no efficient therapeutic intervention nor prophylactic measures exist to fight ASFV diffusion, underlining the importance of the early diagnosis and the need for efficient in-field screening of ASF. Recommended guidelines for the diagnosis of ASF are unpracticable in the desirable context of the rapid in-farm screening. In this view, the design of innovative diagnostics based on a panel of multiple ASFV epitopes would amend versatility and the analytical performances of the deliverable, ensuring high quality and accuracy standards worth of implementation in rapid in-field monitoring programs. Pursuing this view, we performed epitope prediction from the major AFSV structural proteins holding the potential to be targeted in innovative rapid diagnostic tests. Selected ASFV structural protein sequences were retrieved from data repositories and their tridimensional structure was computed. Linear and 3D protein structures were subjected to the prediction of the epitope sequences, that are likely to elicit antibody production, by independent bioinformatic tools, providing a list of candidate biomarkers whose batch employment held the potential suitability for the unbiased rapid in-field diagnosis and, in turn, might be implemented in screening programs, crowing the current monitoring and control campaigns that are currently running worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Viviana Greco
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo A. Gemelli, 8-00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessio Soggiu
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria n.10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo A. Gemelli, 8-00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Interdepartmental Center of Veterinary Services (CIS), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Luigi Bonizzi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria n.10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, SP per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Novel Epitopes Mapping of African Swine Fever Virus CP312R Protein Using Monoclonal Antibodies. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020557. [PMID: 36851771 PMCID: PMC9963768 DOI: 10.3390/v15020557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and lethal pig disease and poses a huge threat to the pig industry worldwide. ASF virus (ASFV) encodes more than 150 different proteins, but the biological properties of most viral proteins are still unknown. ASFV CP312R protein has been proven to be one of the most immunogenic proteins during ASFV infection in pigs; however, its specific epitopes have yet to be identified. In this study, we verified the immunogenicity of CP312R protein in the sera from attenuated ASFV-inoculated pigs. We generated seven anti-ASFV CP312R mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from mice immunized with recombinant CP312R protein (rCP312R). All seven mAbs are the IgG2b-Kappa isotype and specifically interacted with the CP312R protein expressed in various cells that were infected by ASFVs or transfected with plasmid CP312R. The epitope mapping was performed by using these characterized mAbs and the peptide scanning (Pepscan) method followed by Western blot. As a result, two antigenic determinant regions were identified: two of the seven mAbs recognized the 122KNEQGEEIYP131 amino acids, and the remaining five mAbs recognized the 78DEEVIRMNAE87 amino acids of the CP312R protein. These antigenic determinants of CP312R are conserved in different ASFV strains of seven genotypes. By using the characterized mAb, confocal microscopy observation revealed that the CP312R was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and, to some extent, in nuclei and on the nuclear membrane of infected host cells. In summary, our results benefit our understanding on the antigenic regions of ASFV CP312R and help to develop better serological diagnosis of ASF and vaccine research.
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Muñoz A, Tabarés E. Characteristics of the major structural proteins of African swine fever virus: Role as antigens in the induction of neutralizing antibodies. A review. Virology 2022; 571:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang C, Qiu S, Xiao Y, Yu H, Li H, Wu S, Feng C, Lin X. Development of a Blocking ELISA Kit for Detection of ASFV Antibody Based on a Monoclonal Antibody against Full Length p72. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:1428-1436. [PMID: 35595230 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiologic agent of African swine fever (ASF), a disease of highly contagious and significant threat to pork production. At present, the sensitive detection methods are the keys to the disease control. OBJECTIVE Full length p72 is produced by eukaryotic system and its monoclonal antibody (mAb) 34C10 is subsequently recovered. A blocking ELISA kit for detection of ASFV antibody is developed based on p72 trimers and 34C10. METHODS Full length p72 is expressed and is used as immunogen to prepare a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The mAb 34C10 is verified by immunofluorescent and tested by ELISAs with positive serums. The constant affinity of 34C10 is then confirmed. A blocking ELISA kit is further developed and is compared with two commercial kits. RESULTS The mAb 34C10 is specifically bound to p72 protein, and it exhibits blocking affection to positive serum. IFA experiment shows that 34C10 could bind to p72 expressed by baculoviruses and the binding affinity of 34C10 is found to be as high as 1.85 × 1011 L/mol. The blocking ELISA kit shows high coincidence with a commercial ELISA kit. The sensitivity between these two kits is 97.6% (95%, CI: 90.65-99.58) and the specificity between them is 100% (95%, CI: 98.34-100). CONCLUSION The blocking ELISA developed in this study may have great potential for diagnosis of ASF. The structure of the antigen p72 is found to be a key factor for the performance of the kit. HIGHLIGHTS For the first time, the eukaryotic expressed full-length p72 protein is utilized to recover the monoclonal antibody and it is coated as antigen during the development of the blocking ELISA kit. This study sheds new light on the development of the blocking ELISA kits, especially for the development of diagnostic kit for the contagious virus with bio-safety problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Songyin Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Chongqing Animal Disease Control Center, Chongqing, 401120 China
| | - Haoyang Yu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Haoxuan Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Shaoqiang Wu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Chunyan Feng
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Xiangmei Lin
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
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Development of a p72 trimer-based colloidal gold strip for detection of antibodies against African swine fever virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2703-2714. [PMID: 35291024 PMCID: PMC8923092 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious and often lethal swine viral disease, and leads to tremendous economic losses to the swine industry. Unfortunately, there are no vaccines and effective antiviral agents available to prevent and control ASFV outbreaks. Therefore, it is necessary to develop simple and rapid strategies to monitor ASFV-infected pigs to restrain its spread. In the current study, ASFV capsid protein p72 was expressed along with its chaperone pB602L to form trimers in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. The p72 trimers were subsequently labeled with colloidal gold to develop a immunochromatographic strip. The strip showed high specificity to ASFV-positive serum and no cross-reactivity to other swine virus positive sera. Importantly, the strip showed a higher sensitivity of detecting ASFV antibodies in both positive standard serum and clinical serum samples than a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Taken together, these results demonstrate the strip as a reliable diagnostic tool against ASFV infection, which will be appropriate for application in prevention and control of ASFV. Key points • ASFV p72 trimers were successfully generated. • A colloidal gold strip was developed based on ASFV p72 trimers. • The strip is appropriate for detecting ASFV antibodies in the field.
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