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Chen P, Wang S, Li H, Qi X, Hou Y, Ma T. Comparative genomic analyses of Cutibacterium granulosum provide insights into genomic diversity. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1343227. [PMID: 38304712 PMCID: PMC10832045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1343227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium granulosum, a commensal bacterium found on human skin, formerly known as Propionibacterium granulosum, rarely causes infections and is generally considered non-pathogenic. Recent research has revealed the transferability of the multidrug-resistant plasmid pTZC1 between C. granulosum and Cutibacterium acnes, the latter being an opportunistic pathogen in surgical site infections. However, there is a noticeable lack of research on the genome of C. granulosum, and the genetic landscape of this species remains largely uncharted. We investigated the genomic features and evolutionary structure of C. granulosum by analyzing a total of 30 Metagenome-Assembled Genomes (MAGs) and isolate genomes retrieved from public databases, as well as those generated in this study. A pan-genome of 6,077 genes was identified for C. granulosum. Remarkably, the 'cloud genes' constituted 62.38% of the pan-genome. Genes associated with mobilome: prophages, transposons [X], defense mechanisms [V] and replication, recombination and repair [L] were enriched in the cloud genome. Phylogenomic analysis revealed two distinct mono-clades, highlighting the genomic diversity of C. granulosum. The genomic diversity was further confirmed by the distribution of Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) values. The functional profiles analysis of C. granulosum unveiled a wide range of potential Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) and virulence factors, suggesting its potential tolerance to various environmental challenges. Subtype I-E of the CRISPR-Cas system was the most abundant in these genomes, a feature also detected in C. acnes genomes. Given the widespread distribution of C. granulosum strains within skin microbiome, our findings make a substantial contribution to our broader understanding of the genetic diversity, which may open new avenues for investigating the mechanisms and treatment of conditions such as acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Chen
- Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaojing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin JOYSTAR Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoye Qi
- College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin JOYSTAR Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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2
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Yang F, Yang M, Si D, Sun J, Liu F, Qi Y, He S, Guo Y. UHPLC/MS-Based Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Metabolic Characteristics of Clinical Strain of Mycoplasma bovis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2602. [PMID: 37894260 PMCID: PMC10608813 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a global concern for the cattle industry owing to its high rates of infection and resulting morbidity, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Metabolic pathways and characteristics of M. bovis clinical strain were elucidated by comparing the differential expression of metabolites between M. bovis clinical strain NX114 and M. bovis international reference strain PG45. Metabolites of M. bovis in the logarithmic stage were analyzed based on the non-targeted metabolomic technology of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). We found 596 metabolites with variable expression, of which, 190 had substantial differences. Differential metabolite analysis of M. bovis NX114 showed organic acids and their derivatives, nucleosides, and nucleotide analogs as important components. We found O-Phospho-L-serine (SEP) as a potential signature metabolite and indicator of pathogenicity. The difference in nucleic acid metabolites reflects the difference in growth phenotypes between both strains of M. bovis. According to KEGG enrichment analysis, the ABC transporter synthesis route had the most differential metabolites of the first 15 differential enrichment pathways. This study reflects the species-specific differences between two strains of M. bovis and further enriches our understanding of its metabolism, paving the way for further research into its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (F.Y.); (M.Y.); (D.S.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (F.Y.); (M.Y.); (D.S.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Duoduo Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (F.Y.); (M.Y.); (D.S.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jialin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (F.Y.); (M.Y.); (D.S.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (F.Y.); (M.Y.); (D.S.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yanrong Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (F.Y.); (M.Y.); (D.S.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Shenghu He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (F.Y.); (M.Y.); (D.S.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yanan Guo
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
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3
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Triebel S, Sachse K, Weber M, Heller M, Diezel C, Hölzer M, Schnee C, Marz M. De novo genome assembly resolving repetitive structures enables genomic analysis of 35 European Mycoplasmopsis bovis strains. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:548. [PMID: 37715127 PMCID: PMC10504702 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmopsis (M.) bovis, the agent of mastitis, pneumonia, and arthritis in cattle, harbors a small genome of approximately 1 Mbp. Combining data from Illumina and Nanopore technologies, we sequenced and assembled the genomes of 35 European strains and isolate DL422_88 from Cuba. While the high proportion of repetitive structures in M. bovis genomes represent a particular challenge, implementation of our own pipeline Mycovista (available on GitHub www.github.com/sandraTriebel/mycovista ) in a hybrid approach enabled contiguous assembly of the genomes and, consequently, improved annotation rates considerably. To put our European strain panel in a global context, we analyzed the new genome sequences together with 175 genome assemblies from public databases. Construction of a phylogenetic tree based on core genes of these 219 strains revealed a clustering pattern according to geographical origin, with European isolates positioned on clades 4 and 5. Genomic data allowing assignment of strains to tissue specificity or certain disease manifestations could not be identified. Seven strains isolated from cattle with systemic circular condition (SCC), still a largely unknown manifestation of M. bovis disease, were located on both clades 4 and 5. Pairwise association analysis revealed 108 genomic elements associated with a particular clade of the phylogenetic tree. Further analyzing these hits, 25 genes are functionally annotated and could be linked to a M. bovis protein, e.g. various proteases and nucleases, as well as ten variable surface lipoproteins (Vsps) and other surface proteins. These clade-specific genes could serve as useful markers in epidemiological and clinical surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Triebel
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Konrad Sachse
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Weber
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Heller
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Celia Diezel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Hölzer
- Genome Competence Center (MF1), Method Development and Research Infrastructure, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Schnee
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Manja Marz
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
- FLI Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany.
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Jena, Germany.
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4
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Zubair M, Wang J, Yu Y, Faisal M, Qi M, Shah AU, Feng Z, Shao G, Wang Y, Xiong Q. Proteomics approaches: A review regarding an importance of proteome analyses in understanding the pathogens and diseases. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1079359. [PMID: 36601329 PMCID: PMC9806867 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1079359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics is playing an increasingly important role in identifying pathogens, emerging and re-emerging infectious agents, understanding pathogenesis, and diagnosis of diseases. Recently, more advanced and sophisticated proteomics technologies have transformed disease diagnostics and vaccines development. The detection of pathogens is made possible by more accurate and time-constrained technologies, resulting in an early diagnosis. More detailed and comprehensive information regarding the proteome of any noxious agent is made possible by combining mass spectrometry with various gel-based or short-gun proteomics approaches recently. MALDI-ToF has been proved quite useful in identifying and distinguishing bacterial pathogens. Other quantitative approaches are doing their best to investigate bacterial virulent factors, diagnostic markers and vaccine candidates. Proteomics is also helping in the identification of secreted proteins and their virulence-related functions. This review aims to highlight the role of cutting-edge proteomics approaches in better understanding the functional genomics of pathogens. This also underlines the limitations of proteomics in bacterial secretome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mingpu Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Abid Ullah Shah
- National Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Yu Wang
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China,Qiyan Xiong
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5
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Zhang H, Lu S, Chao J, Lu D, Zhao G, Chen Y, Chen H, Faisal M, Yang L, Hu C, Guo A. The attenuated Mycoplasma bovis strain promotes apoptosis of bovine macrophages by upregulation of CHOP expression. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:925209. [PMID: 35992665 PMCID: PMC9381834 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.925209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is one of the major pathogens in the bovine respiratory disease complex, which includes pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis and causes a great economic loss in the cattle industry. In China, a live-attenuated vaccine strain M. bovis P150 was obtained by a continuous culture of the wild-type strain M. bovis HB0801 (P1) in vitro for 150 passages. Using the infected bovine macrophage cell line BoMac, this work attempted to investigate the mechanism of P150 attenuation and protective immune response. To begin, we show that M. bovis P150 effectively triggered cytotoxicity and apoptosis in BoMac, although with lower intracellular survival than P1. The transcriptomes of BoMac after infection with M. bovis strains P1 and P150 were sequenced, and bioinformatic analysis identified 233 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 185 upregulated and 48 downregulated. Further Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the majority of the DEGs were linked to CHOP complex, MAP kinase phosphatase activity and were involved in the IL-17 signaling pathway in immune response, MAPK signaling pathway in signal transduction, and p53 signaling pathway in cell growth and death. Among them, the level of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) was significantly upregulated in P150-infected BoMac compared to P1-infected cells at different time points, along with its upstream and downstream genes phosphorylated-PERK, phosphorylated-EIF2α, ATF4, and GADD45A increased in the PERK-dependent ER stress response. The role of CHOP in apoptosis was further verified by M. bovis-induced siCHOP knockdown in BoMac cells. The results showed that CHOP knockdown enhanced P150-induced apoptosis and dramatically increased the M. bovis P1 and P150 intracellular survival, particularly for P150. These data suggest that P150 infection upregulates CHOP expression, which can increase apoptosis and mediate a crosstalk between ER stress and apoptosis during infection, and hence, contribute to high cytotoxicity and low intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Doukun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Changmin Hu,
| | - Aizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Aizhen Guo,
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6
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Menghwar H, Perez-Casal J. Comparative genomic analysis of Canadian Mycoplasma bovis strains isolated from Bison and Cattle. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 87:101835. [PMID: 35751915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) in cattle causes pneumonia, arthritis, otitis media, and mastitis. In addition, multiple outbreaks have been recorded in North American bison. The genomic data on Canadian M. bovis in bison and cattle to date is limited. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to assess the degree of genome conservation across four Canadian M. bovis strains recovered from bison and cattle. Whole-genome sequences of four M. bovis isolates (Mb1, Mb160, Mb300, Mb304) and the PG45 reference genome were utilized to identify the M. bovis genomic similarity, whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (WGS-SNP), virulence determinants, and genomic islands. The pan-genome analysis showed that M. bovis encodes a minimum of 971 genes, while the core genome contained 637 genes. Comparative genomics revealed limited diversity in gene content between bison and cattle isolates. Whole-genome SNP analysis showed that the four M. bovis isolates differed from each other and to PG45. A total of 40 putative virulence genes associated with adhesion, colonization, and destruction of tissues were found in the bison and cattle isolates using the virulence factors database (VFDB). These putative virulence factors were equally distributed among isolates. Genomic Islands (GIs) ranging from 4 to 9 and associated with transposases, restriction-modification, ribosomal hypothetical proteins, variable surface lipoproteins, and unknowns were also identified. Overall, the genomic characterization of these isolates may provide new insights into the mechanisms of pathogenicity in M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Menghwar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Jose Perez-Casal
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
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7
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Li Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Tang X, Wang X, Liu W, Qian Y, Zhu Y, Chen H, Tan C. Attenuation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Strain ES-2 and Comparative Genomic Analysis of ES-2 and Its Attenuated Form ES-2L. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:696262. [PMID: 34235206 PMCID: PMC8255604 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.696262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes swine respiratory disease worldwide. Due to the difficulty of isolating and cultivating M. hyopneumoniae, very few attenuated strains have been successfully isolated, which hampers the development of attenuated vaccines. In order to produce an attenuated M. hyopneumoniae strain, we used the highly virulent M. hyopneumoniae strain ES-2, which was serially passaged in vitro 200 times to produce the attenuated strain ES-2L, and its virulence was evidenced to be low in an animal experiment. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying virulence attenuation, we performed whole-genome sequencing of both strains and conducted comparative genomic analyses of strain ES-2 and its attenuated form ES-2L. Strain ES-2L showed three large fragment deletion regions including a total of 18 deleted genes, compared with strain ES-2. Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels indicated that 22 dels were located in 19 predicted coding sequences. In addition to these indels, 348 single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) were identified between strains ES-2L and ES-2. These SNVs mapped to 99 genes where they appeared to induce amino acid substitutions and translation stops. The deleted genes and SNVs may be associated with decreased virulence of strain ES-2L. Our work provides a foundation for further examining virulence factors of M. hyopneumoniae and for the development of attenuated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xibiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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8
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Zhang H, Hu G, Lu D, Zhao G, Zhang Y, Zubair M, Chen Y, Hu C, Chen X, Chen J, Chen H, Yang L, Guo A. Comparative Secretome Analyses of Mycoplasma bovis Virulent and Attenuated Strains Revealed MbovP0145 as a Promising Diagnostic Biomarker. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:666769. [PMID: 34222397 PMCID: PMC8249566 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.666769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are successful pathogens both in humans as well as in animals. In cattle, Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is known to be responsible for serious health complications, including pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis. However, M. bovis pathogenesis remains unclear. Secreted proteins of M. bovis could influence infection and modify host defense signaling pathways after they enter their extracellular space in the host micro-environment. Therefore, this study was aimed to compare the secretomes of M. bovis HB0801 virulent (P1) and attenuated (P150) strains and identify potential pathogenesis-related secreted proteins and biomarkers. The cells of P1 and P150 strains were grown in pleuropneumonia-like organism medium to log phase and then transferred to phosphate-buffered saline for 2 h. Then, the supernatant was analyzed by using label-free quantitative proteomics, and 477 potential secreted proteins were identified. Combined with the bioinformatics prediction, we found that 178 proteins were commonly secreted by the P1 and P150 strains, and 49 of them were encoded by mycoplasmal core genes. Additionally, 79 proteins were found to have a different abundance between the P1 and P150 strains. Among these proteins, 34 were more abundant and uniquely expressed in P1, indicating a possible association with the virulence of M. bovis. Three differentially secreted proteins, MbovP0145, MbovP0725, and MbovP0174, as well as one equally secreted protein, MbovP0481, as positive control and one protein of inner membrane, MbovP0310, as negative control were, respectively, cloned, expressed, and evaluated for antigenicity, subcellular location, and the secretion nature with their mouse antisera by western blotting and colony immunoblotting assay. Among them, MbovP0145 was confirmed to be more secreted by P1 than P150 strain, highly reactive with the antisera from naturally infected and P1 experimentally infected cattle but not with the P150 vaccinated calves, indicating its potential as a diagnostic antigen. In conclusion, these findings may represent the most extensive compilation of potentially secreted proteins in mycoplasma species and the largest number of differentially secreted proteins between the virulent and attenuated M. bovis strains to date and provide new insights into M. bovis pathogenesis and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guyue Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Doukun Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-Products of Ministry of China Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-Products of Ministry of China Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Yiwen C, Yueyue W, Lianmei Q, Cuiming Z, Xiaoxing Y. Infection strategies of mycoplasmas: Unraveling the panoply of virulence factors. Virulence 2021; 12:788-817. [PMID: 33704021 PMCID: PMC7954426 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1889813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas, the smallest bacteria lacking a cell wall, can cause various diseases in both humans and animals. Mycoplasmas harbor a variety of virulence factors that enable them to overcome numerous barriers of entry into the host; using accessory proteins, mycoplasma adhesins can bind to the receptors or extracellular matrix of the host cell. Although the host immune system can eradicate the invading mycoplasma in most cases, a few sagacious mycoplasmas employ a series of invasion and immune escape strategies to ensure their continued survival within their hosts. For instance, capsular polysaccharides are crucial for anti-phagocytosis and immunomodulation. Invasive enzymes degrade reactive oxygen species, neutrophil extracellular traps, and immunoglobulins. Biofilm formation is important for establishing a persistent infection. During proliferation, successfully surviving mycoplasmas generate numerous metabolites, including hydrogen peroxide, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide; or secrete various exotoxins, such as community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin, and hemolysins; and express various pathogenic enzymes, all of which have potent toxic effects on host cells. Furthermore, some inherent components of mycoplasmas, such as lipids, membrane lipoproteins, and even mycoplasma-generated superantigens, can exert a significant pathogenic impact on the host cells or the immune system. In this review, we describe the proposed virulence factors in the toolkit of notorious mycoplasmas to better understand the pathogenic features of these bacteria, along with their pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yiwen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, China
| | - Wu Yueyue
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, China
| | - Qin Lianmei
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhu Cuiming
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, China
| | - You Xiaoxing
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, China
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10
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Zhao G, Zhu X, Zhang H, Chen Y, Schieck E, Hu C, Chen H, Guo A. Novel Secreted Protein of Mycoplasma bovis MbovP280 Induces Macrophage Apoptosis Through CRYAB. Front Immunol 2021; 12:619362. [PMID: 33659004 PMCID: PMC7917047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.619362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis causes important diseases and great losses on feedlots and dairy farms. However, there are only a few measures to control M. bovis-related diseases. As in other mycoplasma species, this is predominantly because the virulence related factors of this pathogen are largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify novel virulence-related factors among the secreted proteins of M. bovis. Using bioinformatic tools to analyze its secreted proteins, we preliminarily predicted 39 secreted lipoproteins, and then selected 11 of them for confirmation based on SignalP scores >0.6 or SceP scores >0.8 and conserved domains. These 11 genes were cloned after gene modification based on the codon bias of Escherichia coli and expressed. Mouse antiserum to each recombinant protein was developed. A western blotting assay with these antisera confirmed that MbovP280 and MbovP475 are strongly expressed and secreted proteins, but only MbovP280 significantly reduced the viability of bovine macrophages (BoMac). In further experiments, MbovP280 induced the apoptosis of BoMac treated with both live M. bovis and MbovP280 protein. The conserved coiled-coil domain of MbovP280 at amino acids 210–269 is essential for its induction of apoptosis. Further, immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and coimmunoprecipitation assays identified the anti-apoptosis regulator αB-crystallin (CRYAB) as an MbovP280-binding ligand. An αβ-crystallin knockout cell line BoMac-cryab−, Mbov0280-knockout M. bovis strain T9.297, and its complemented M. bovis strain CT9.297 were constructed and the apoptosis of BoMac-cryab− induced by these strains was compared. The results confirmed that CRYAB is critical for MbovP280 function as an apoptosis inducer in BoMac. In conclusion, in this study, we identified MbovP280 as a novel secreted protein of M. bovis that induces the apoptosis of BoMac via its coiled-coil domain and cellular ligand CRYAB. These findings extend our understanding of the virulence mechanism of mycoplasmal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Elise Schieck
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Changmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Multi-locus sequence typing of Mycoplasma bovis to assess its genetic diversity from 2009 to 2018 in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:454. [PMID: 33228636 PMCID: PMC7686730 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is a highly contagious cattle pathogen spreading worldwide and especially in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China. Results Two types of ST, ST10and ST134, were identified in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Thirty-seven strains belonged to ST10 and 28 strains belonged to ST134. ST134 was a new ST and first found in 2009 and was only widely distributed in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region at present. The M. bovis ST10 was widely spread in many provinces in China and was widespread in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region since 2010. It is speculated that the prevalence of M. bovis ST10 in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region began in 2010. Conclusions This study is the first report on the genetic diversity of M. bovis from 2009 to 2018 in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and provides the epidemiological information. These results may help further our understanding of the evolution of M. bovis and provide information that may be useful for the development of novel vaccines.
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12
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Shirani I, Zhang H, Zhao G, Lu S, Marawan MA, Dawood A, Chen Y, Chen X, Chen J, Hu C, Chen H, Guo A. In Silico Identification of Novel Immunogenic Secreted Proteins of Mycoplasma bovis from Secretome Data and Experimental Verification. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090770. [PMID: 32967149 PMCID: PMC7559824 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a major pathogen, responsible for bovine respiratory diseases worldwide. The present lack of effective control measures leaves cattle owners at considerable perpetual risk of M. bovis outbreaks. In this study, we identified M. bovis secreted immunogenic proteins in silico as potential candidates for novel diagnostic agents and vaccines. We used immunoinformatics to analyze 438 M. bovis proteins previously identified with a label-free proteomics analysis of virulent M. bovis HB0801 (P1) and its attenuated P150 strains. The subcellular localization of these proteins was preliminarily screened and 59 proteins were found to be secreted extracellular proteins. Twenty-seven of these proteins contained a large number of predictive T-cell epitopes presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules. Twenty-two of these 27 proteins had a high number of conformational B-cell epitopes, predicted from the corresponding 3D structural templates, including one unique to P1, two unique to P150, and 19 common to both strains. Five proteins were selected for further validation, and two of these, MbovP274 and MbovP570, were successfully expressed and purified. Both were confirmed to be secretory and highly immunogenic proteins that induced a mouse antibody response, reacted with cattle serum positive for M. bovis infection, and significantly increased the production of interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-12 and interferon γ (IFN-γ) during the secretion of these three cytokines by both M. bovis mutants of these genes. These results should be useful in the development of novel immunological agents against M. bovis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsanullah Shirani
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; (I.S.); (H.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.L.); (M.A.M.); (A.D.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.C.); (J.C.)
- Para-Clinic Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad 2601, Afghanistan
| | - Hui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; (I.S.); (H.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.L.); (M.A.M.); (A.D.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Gang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; (I.S.); (H.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.L.); (M.A.M.); (A.D.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Siyi Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; (I.S.); (H.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.L.); (M.A.M.); (A.D.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Marawan A Marawan
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; (I.S.); (H.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.L.); (M.A.M.); (A.D.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.C.); (J.C.)
- Infectious diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qualyobia 13511, Egypt
| | - Ali Dawood
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; (I.S.); (H.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.L.); (M.A.M.); (A.D.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.C.); (J.C.)
- Infectious Diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Sadat City 32511, Egypt
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; (I.S.); (H.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.L.); (M.A.M.); (A.D.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.C.); (J.C.)
- National Animal Tuberculosis Para-Reference Laboratory (Wuhan) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jianguo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Changmin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; (I.S.); (H.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.L.); (M.A.M.); (A.D.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; (I.S.); (H.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.L.); (M.A.M.); (A.D.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.C.); (J.C.)
- National Animal Tuberculosis Para-Reference Laboratory (Wuhan) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; (I.S.); (H.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.L.); (M.A.M.); (A.D.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.C.); (J.C.)
- National Animal Tuberculosis Para-Reference Laboratory (Wuhan) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87286861
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13
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Dudek K, Nicholas RAJ, Szacawa E, Bednarek D. Mycoplasma bovis Infections-Occurrence, Diagnosis and Control. Pathogens 2020; 9:E640. [PMID: 32781697 PMCID: PMC7459460 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a cause of bronchopneumonia, mastitis and arthritis but may also affect other main organs in cattle such us the eye, ear or brain. Despite its non-zoonotic character, M. bovis infections are responsible for substantial economic health and welfare problems worldwide. M. bovis has spread worldwide, including to countries for a long time considered free of the pathogen. Control of M. bovis infections is hampered by a lack of effective vaccines and treatments due to increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance. This review summarizes the latest data on the epizootic situation of M. bovis infections and new sources/routes of transmission of the infection, and discusses the progress in diagnostics. The review includes various recommendations and suggestions which could be applied to infection control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dudek
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24100 Pulawy, Poland; (E.S.); (D.B.)
| | | | - Ewelina Szacawa
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24100 Pulawy, Poland; (E.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Dariusz Bednarek
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24100 Pulawy, Poland; (E.S.); (D.B.)
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14
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Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is an important component of the bovine respiratory disease complex and recent reports identified that other species are also affected by M bovis. Control of the disease caused by M bovis has been unsuccessful owing to many factors, including the capacity of M bovis to evade and modulate the immune system of the host; the lack of known virulence factors; the absence of a cell wall, which renders antibiotics targeting cell-wall synthesis unusable; and the failure of vaccines to control disease on the field. The current knowledge on virulence and pathogenesis is presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Perez-Casal
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E3, Canada.
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15
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Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma bovis Strain XBY01, Isolated from Henan Province, China. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/15/e00001-20. [PMID: 32273349 PMCID: PMC7380531 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00001-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequence of Mycoplasma bovis strain XBY01, which was isolated from a severely diseased young calf in Henan Province, China, in 2019. The genome of XBY01 contains a single circular chromosome of 986,067 bp, with a GC content of 29.30%. We report the complete genome sequence of Mycoplasma bovis strain XBY01, which was isolated from a severely diseased young calf in Henan Province, China, in 2019. The genome of XBY01 contains a single circular chromosome of 986,067 bp, with a GC content of 29.30%.
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16
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Yair Y, Borovok I, Mikula I, Falk R, Fox LK, Gophna U, Lysnyansky I. Genomics-based epidemiology of bovine Mycoplasma bovis strains in Israel. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:70. [PMID: 31969124 PMCID: PMC6977290 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma bovis is an important etiologic agent of bovine mycoplasmosis affecting cattle production and animal welfare. In the past in Israel, M. bovis has been most frequently associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and was rarely isolated from mastitis. This situation changed in 2008 when M. bovis-associated mastitis emerged in Israel. The aim of this study was to utilize whole genome sequencing to evaluate the molecular epidemiology and genomic diversity of M. bovis mastitis-associated strains and their genetic relatedness to M. bovis strains isolated from BRD in local feedlot calves and those imported to Israel from different European countries and Australia. Results Phylogeny based on total single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of 225 M. bovis genomes clearly showed clustering of isolates on the basis of geographical origin: strains isolated from European countries clustered together and separately from Australian and Chinese isolates, while Israeli isolates were found in the both groups. The dominant genotype was identified among local mastitis-associated M. bovis isolates. This genotype showed a close genomic relatedness to M. bovis strains isolated from calves imported to Israel from Australia, to original Australian M. bovis strains, as well as to strains isolated in China. Conclusions This study represents the first comprehensive high-resolution genome-based epidemiological analysis of M. bovis in Israel and illustrates the possible dissemination of the pathogen across the globe by cattle trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Yair
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilya Borovok
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inna Mikula
- Mycoplasma Unit, Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, POB 12, 50250, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Rama Falk
- Israel Dairy Board, Laboratory for Udder Health and Milk Quality, Caesarea, Israel
| | - Larry K Fox
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Uri Gophna
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inna Lysnyansky
- Mycoplasma Unit, Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, POB 12, 50250, Beit Dagan, Israel.
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17
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Zhu X, Dordet-Frisoni E, Gillard L, Ba A, Hygonenq MC, Sagné E, Nouvel LX, Maillard R, Assié S, Guo A, Citti C, Baranowski E. Extracellular DNA: A Nutritional Trigger of Mycoplasma bovis Cytotoxicity. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2753. [PMID: 31849895 PMCID: PMC6895004 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial access to host nutrients is a key factor of the host-pathogen interplay. With their nearly minimal genome, wall-less bacteria of the class Mollicutes have limited metabolic capacities and largely depend on host nutrients for their survival. Despite these limitations, host-restricted mycoplasmas are widely distributed in nature and many species are pathogenic for humans and animals. Yet, only partial information is available regarding the mechanisms evolved by these minimal pathogens to meet their nutrients and the contribution of these mechanisms to virulence. By using the ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma bovis as a model system, extracellular DNA (eDNA) was identified as a limiting nutrient for mycoplasma proliferation under cell culture conditions. Remarkably, the growth-promoting effect induced by supplementation with eDNA was associated with important cytotoxicity for actively dividing host cells, but not confluent monolayers. To identify biological functions mediating M. bovis cytotoxicity, we produced a library of transposon knockout mutants and identified three critical genomic regions whose disruption was associated with a non-cytopathic phenotype. The coding sequences (CDS) disrupted in these regions pointed towards pyruvate metabolism as contributing to M. bovis cytotoxicity. Hydrogen peroxide was found responsible for eDNA-mediated M. bovis cytotoxicity, and non-cytopathic mutants were unable to produce this toxic metabolic compound. In our experimental conditions, no contact between M. bovis and host cells was required for cytotoxicity. Further analyses revealed important intra-species differences in eDNA-mediated cytotoxicity and H2O2 production, with some strains displaying a cytopathic phenotype despite no H2O2 production. Interestingly, the genome of strains PG45 and HB0801 were characterized by the occurrence of insertion sequences (IS) at close proximity to several CDSs found disrupted in non-cytopathic mutants. Since PG45 and HB0801 produced no or limited amount of H2O2, IS-elements might influence H2O2 production in M. bovis. These results confirm the multifaceted role of eDNA in microbial communities and further identify this ubiquitous material as a nutritional trigger of M. bovis cytotoxicity. M. bovis may thus take advantage of the multiple sources of eDNA in vivo to modulate its interaction with host cells, a way for this minimal pathogen to overcome its limited coding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifang Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Lucie Gillard
- IHAP, ENVT, INRA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Abou Ba
- IHAP, ENVT, INRA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Eveline Sagné
- IHAP, ENVT, INRA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan, China
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18
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Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma bovis Strain KG4397, Isolated from Cattle in Japan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/40/e00838-19. [PMID: 31582451 PMCID: PMC6776768 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00838-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a major bacterial pathogen that causes pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis in cattle. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing of an M. bovis strain isolated in Japan for the first time and announce the complete genome sequence of strain KG4397, which caused respiratory diseases in cattle in 2012.
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19
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Josi C, Bürki S, Vidal S, Dordet-Frisoni E, Citti C, Falquet L, Pilo P. Large-Scale Analysis of the Mycoplasma bovis Genome Identified Non-essential, Adhesion- and Virulence-Related Genes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2085. [PMID: 31572317 PMCID: PMC6753880 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen of cattle causing bovine mycoplasmosis. Clinical manifestations are numerous, but pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis cases are mainly reported. Currently, no efficient vaccine is available and antibiotic treatments are not always satisfactory. The design of new, efficient prophylactic and therapeutic approaches requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for M. bovis pathogenicity. Random transposon mutagenesis has been widely used in Mycoplasma species to identify potential gene functions. Such an approach can also be used to screen genomes and search for essential and non-essential genes for growth. Here, we generated a random transposon mutant library of M. bovis strain JF4278 containing approximately 4000 independent insertion sites. We then coupled high-throughput screening of this mutant library to transposon sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to identify M. bovis non-essential, adhesion- and virulence-related genes. Three hundred and fifty-two genes of M. bovis were assigned as essential for growth in rich medium. Among the remaining non-essential genes, putative virulence-related factors were subsequently identified. The complete mutant library was screened for adhesion using primary bovine mammary gland epithelial cells. Data from this assay resulted in a list of conditional-essential genes with putative adhesion-related functions by identifying non-essential genes for growth that are essential for host cell-adhesion. By individually assessing the adhesion capacity of six selected mutants, two previously unknown factors and the adhesin TrmFO were associated with a reduced adhesion phenotype. Overall, our study (i) uncovers new, putative virulence-related genes; (ii) offers a list of putative adhesion-related factors; and (iii) provides valuable information for vaccine design and for exploring M. bovis biology, pathogenesis, and host-interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Josi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Bürki
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Vidal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christine Citti
- UMR 1225, IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Falquet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Paola Pilo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Josi C, Bürki S, Stojiljkovic A, Wellnitz O, Stoffel MH, Pilo P. Bovine Epithelial in vitro Infection Models for Mycoplasma bovis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:329. [PMID: 30280094 PMCID: PMC6153342 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis causes bovine mycoplasmosis. The major clinical manifestations are pneumonia and mastitis. Recently an increase in the severity of mastitis cases was reported in Switzerland. At the molecular level, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenicity of M. bovis. Host–pathogen interactions were primarily studied using primary bovine blood cells. Therefore, little is known about the impact of M. bovis on other cell types present in infected tissues. Clear in vitro phenotypes linked to the virulence of M. bovis strains or tissue predilection of specific M. bovis strains have not yet been described. We adapted bovine in vitro systems to investigate infection of epithelial cells with M. bovis using a cell line (MDBK: Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells) and two primary cells (PECT: bovine embryonic turbinate cells and bMec: bovine mammary gland epithelial cells). Two strains isolated before and after the emergence of severe mastitis cases were selected. Strain JF4278 isolated from a cow with mastitis and pneumonia in 2008 and strain L22/93 isolated in 1993 were used to assess the virulence of M. bovis genotypes toward epithelial cells with particular emphasis on mammary gland cells. Our findings indicate that M. bovis is able to adhere to and invade different epithelial cell types. Higher titers of JF4278 than L22/93 were observed in co-cultures with cells. The differences in titers reached between the two strains was more prominent for bMec cells than for MDBK and PECT cells. Moreover, M. bovis strain L22/93 induced apoptosis in MDBK cells and cytotoxicity in PECT cells but not in bMec cells. Dose-dependent variations in proliferation of primary epithelial cells were observed after M. bovis infection. Nevertheless, an indisputable phenotype that could be related to the increased virulence toward mammary gland cells is not obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Josi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Bürki
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ana Stojiljkovic
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olga Wellnitz
- Veterinary Physiology, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael H Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Pilo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Calcutt MJ, Lysnyansky I, Sachse K, Fox LK, Nicholas RAJ, Ayling RD. Gap analysis of Mycoplasma bovis disease, diagnosis and control: An aid to identify future development requirements. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65 Suppl 1:91-109. [PMID: 29582590 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a worldwide problem of disease caused by Mycoplasma (M.) bovis in cattle; it has a significant detrimental economic and animal welfare impact on cattle rearing. Infection can manifest as a plethora of clinical signs including mastitis, pneumonia, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, otitis media and genital disorders that may result in infertility and abortion. Current diagnosis and control information are reviewed and analysed to identify gaps in knowledge of the causative organism in respect of the disease pathology, diagnosis and control methods. The main considerations are as follows: no vaccines are commercially available; antimicrobial resistance is increasing; diagnostic and antimicrobial sensitivity testing needs to be improved; and a pen-side test would facilitate more rapid diagnosis and implementation of treatment with antimicrobials. More data on host susceptibility, stress factors, immune response and infectious dose levels are required. The impact of asymptomatic carriers, M. bovis survival in the environment and the role of wildlife in transmitting the disease also needs investigation. To facilitate development of vaccines, further analysis of more M. bovis genomes, its pathogenic mechanisms, including variable surface proteins, is required, along with reproducible disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K Sachse
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany.,Department of RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - L K Fox
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - R D Ayling
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK
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Khan FA, Zhao G, Guo Y, Faisal M, Chao J, Chen X, He C, Menghwar H, Dad R, Zubair M, Hu C, Chen Y, Chen H, Rui Z, Guo A. Proteomics identification and characterization of MbovP730 as a potential DIVA antigen of Mycoplasma bovis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:28322-28336. [PMID: 29983863 PMCID: PMC6033335 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an important pathogen of cattle. An attenuated live vaccine has recently been developed by this laboratory. However, an effective assay for the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) is still lacking. Therefore, a comparative immunoproteomics study of the membrane and membrane associated proteins (MAPs) of M. bovis HB0801 and its attenuated strain (M. bovis-150) was aimed to identify potential antigens for DIVA assay. Triton-X-114 fractionated liposoluble proteins of both the virulent and attenuated strains were separated with 2-DE and proteins reacting with sera against the virulent M. bovis strain were detected by MS. A total of 19 differently expressed proteins were identified by MS, among them twelve proteins were detected by MALDI-TOF MS and seven antigenic proteins were identified by short-gun LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, these findings were confirmed at mRNA level by qRT-PCR. The results demonstrated that a putative lipoprotein encoded by functionally unknown gene Mbov_0730 (MbovP730) is a sensitive and specific antigen for DIVA assay. MbovP730 is absent in M. bovis-150 confirmed with Western blot assay and also didn't cross-react with other antisera against common pathogens including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus by iELISA. Thereby rMbovP730-based iELISA was established. For clinical samples, this ELISA provided a sensitivity of 95.7% (95% CI: 90.4%, 98.2%) and specificity was 97.8% (95% CI: 88.4%, 99.6%). Antisera from vaccinated calves (n = 44) were found negative with rMbovP730 based iELISA, while positive with assays based on whole cell proteins of M. bovis-150 and M. bovis HB0801, respectively. In conclusion, this study identified the differential antigen MbovP730 between virulent and attenuated strains and established rMbovP730-based iELISA as a new DIVA method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Anwar Khan
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Gang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusi Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenfei He
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Harish Menghwar
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Rahim Dad
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changmin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Rui
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research and Training Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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23
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TrmFO, a Fibronectin-Binding Adhesin of Mycoplasma bovis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081732. [PMID: 28792486 PMCID: PMC5578122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogenic mycoplasma, causing the cattle industry serious economic losses. Adhesion is a crucial step in the mycoplasmas' infection and colonization process; fibronectin (Fn), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is a molecular bridge between the bacterial adhesins and host cell receptors. The present study was designed to characterize the Fn-binding ability of methylenetetrahydrofolate-tRNA-(uracil-5-)-methyltransferase (TrmFO) and its role in M. bovis cytoadherence. The trmFO (MBOV_RS00785) gene was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21, and polyclonal antibodies against the recombinant TrmFO (rTrmFO) were raised in rabbits. Immunoblotting demonstrated that TrmFO was an immunogenic component, and the TrmFO expression was conserved in different M. bovis isolates. The mycoplasmacidal assay further showed that in the presence of complement, rabbit anti-recombinant TrmFO serum exhibited remarkable mycoplasmacidal efficacy. TrmFO was detected in both the M. bovis membrane and cytoplasm. By ligand dot blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) binding assay, we found that rTrmFO bound Fn in a dose-dependent manner. Immunostaining visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that rTrmFO had capacity to adhere to the embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells. In addition, the adhesion of M. bovis and rTrmFO to EBL cells could be inhibited by anti-rTrmFO antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to characterize the Fn-binding ability of TrmFO and its role in the bacterial adhesion to host cells.
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