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Ziegler A, Olzhausen J, Hamza E, Stojiljkovic A, Stoffel MH, Garbani M, Rhyner C, Marti E. An allergen-fused dendritic cell-binding peptide enhances in vitro proliferation of equine T-cells and cytokine production. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 243:110351. [PMID: 34800874 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) constitutes the only curative approach for allergy treatment. There is need for improvement of AIT in veterinary medicine, such as in horses suffering from insect bite hypersensitivity, an IgE-mediated dermatitis to Culicoides. Dendritic cell (DC)-targeting represents an efficient method to increase antigen immunogenicity. It is studied primarily for its use in improvement of cancer therapy and vaccines, but may also be useful for improving AIT efficacy. Immunomodulators, like the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) agonist monophosphoryl lipid-A (MPLA) has been shown to enhance the IL-10 response in horses, while CpG-rich oligonucleotides (CpG-ODN), acting as TLR-9 agonists, have been shown to induce Th1 or regulatory responses in horses with equine asthma. Our aim was to evaluate in vitro effects of antigen-targeting to equine DC with an antigen-fused peptide known to target human and mouse DC and investigate whether addition of MPLA or CpG-ODN would further improve the induced immune response with regard to finding optimal conditions for equine AIT. For this purpose, DC-binding peptides were fused to the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and to the recombinant Culicoides allergen Cul o3. Effects of DC-binding peptides on cellular antigen uptake and induction of T cell proliferation were assessed. Polarity of the immune response was analysed by quantifying IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and IFN-α in supernatants of antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in presence or absence of adjuvants. Fusion of DC-binding peptides to OVA significantly enhanced antigen-uptake by equine DC. DC primed with DC-binding peptides coupled to OVA or Cul o3 induced a significantly higher T-cell proliferation compared to the corresponding control antigens. PBMC stimulation with DC-binding peptides coupled to Cul o3 elicited a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, as well as the anti-inflammatory IL-10, but not of IFN-α. Adjuvant addition further enhanced the effect of the DC-binding peptides by significantly increasing the production of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-α (CpG-ODN) and IL-10 (MPLA), while simultaneously suppressing IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 production (MPLA). Targeting equine DC with allergens fused to DC-binding peptides enhances antigen-uptake and T-cell activation and may be useful in increasing the equine immune response against recombinant antigens. Combination of DC-binding peptide protein fusions with adjuvants is necessary to appropriately skew the resulting immune response, depending on intended use. Combination with MPLA is a promising option for improvement of AIT efficacy in horses, while combination with CpG-ODN increases the effector immune response to recombinant antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ziegler
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Judith Olzhausen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Herman-Burchardstrasse 9, CH-7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Eman Hamza
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ana Stojiljkovic
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael H Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Garbani
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Herman-Burchardstrasse 9, CH-7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Rhyner
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Herman-Burchardstrasse 9, CH-7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Marti
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
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Veschini L, Sailem H, Malani D, Pietiäinen V, Stojiljkovic A, Wiseman E, Danovi D. High-Content Imaging to Phenotype Human Primary and iPSC-Derived Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2185:423-445. [PMID: 33165865 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0810-4_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly powerful microscopy, liquid handling, and computational techniques have enabled cell imaging in high throughput. Microscopy images are quantified using high-content analysis platforms linking object features to cell behavior. This can be attempted on physiologically relevant cell models, including stem cells and primary cells, in complex environments, and conceivably in the presence of perturbations. Recently, substantial focus has been devoted to cell profiling for cell therapy, assays for drug discovery or biomarker identification for clinical decision-making protocols, bringing this wealth of information into translational applications. In this chapter, we focus on two protocols enabling to (1) benchmark human cells, in particular human endothelial cells as a case study and (2) extract cells from blood for follow-up experiments including image-based drug testing. We also present concepts of high-content imaging and discuss the benefits and challenges, with the aim of enabling readers to tailor existing pipelines and bring such approaches closer to translational research and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Veschini
- Academic Centre of Reconstructive Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heba Sailem
- The Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Oxford, UK
| | - Disha Malani
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vilja Pietiäinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana Stojiljkovic
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erika Wiseman
- Stem Cell Hotel, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Davide Danovi
- Stem Cell Hotel, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Vidondo B, Stettler S, Stojiljkovic A, Mogel H, Gaschen V, Spadavecchia C, Casoni D, Stoffel MH. Assessment of potential neuropathic changes in cattle after cautery disbudding. Res Vet Sci 2019; 126:9-16. [PMID: 31419617 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Disbudding of calves is a standard husbandry procedure to reduce the risk of injuries to other cattle and to workers. Whereas acute pain resulting from disbudding has been studied extensively, little is known about chronic pain as a potential long-term consequence. The goal of the present study was to investigate possible morphological changes in the cornual nerve as a function of disbudding. Samples were collected from 17 randomly selected bulls and from 21 calves from a prospective clinical study. Among the calves, 13 were disbudded and 8 were sham-disbudded. Out of the disbudded calves, 4 showed signs of chronic pain. In all the animals, the infraorbital nerve was used as a methodological check. Morphological analysis included measuring minimal diameters of the axons present in both the cornual and infraorbital nerves. Sympathetic fibers were identified as based on the presence of Tyroxine hydroxylase (TH). TH-negative fibers were considered afferents. Trigeminal ganglia from the calves were immunostained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). R. cornualis and N. infraorbitalis differed in terms of axon diameters and proportion of TH-positive fibers. Weak evidence (p > .091) of a difference in axon diameters between control and disbudded calves was found in R. cornualis, but the proportion of TH-positive fibers was alike in both groups. Average glial envelope and the percentages of ATF3-positive neurons revealed no difference between calves with and without signs of pain. Thus, available evidence is insufficient to support neuropathic changes as a result of disbudding in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vidondo
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Stettler
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Stojiljkovic
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - H Mogel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - V Gaschen
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - C Spadavecchia
- Division of Veterinary Anesthesia, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - D Casoni
- Division of Veterinary Anesthesia, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M H Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
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Josi C, Bürki S, Stojiljkovic A, Wellnitz O, Stoffel MH, Pilo P. Bovine Epithelial in vitro Infection Models for Mycoplasma bovis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:329. [PMID: 30280094 PMCID: PMC6153342 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis causes bovine mycoplasmosis. The major clinical manifestations are pneumonia and mastitis. Recently an increase in the severity of mastitis cases was reported in Switzerland. At the molecular level, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenicity of M. bovis. Host–pathogen interactions were primarily studied using primary bovine blood cells. Therefore, little is known about the impact of M. bovis on other cell types present in infected tissues. Clear in vitro phenotypes linked to the virulence of M. bovis strains or tissue predilection of specific M. bovis strains have not yet been described. We adapted bovine in vitro systems to investigate infection of epithelial cells with M. bovis using a cell line (MDBK: Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells) and two primary cells (PECT: bovine embryonic turbinate cells and bMec: bovine mammary gland epithelial cells). Two strains isolated before and after the emergence of severe mastitis cases were selected. Strain JF4278 isolated from a cow with mastitis and pneumonia in 2008 and strain L22/93 isolated in 1993 were used to assess the virulence of M. bovis genotypes toward epithelial cells with particular emphasis on mammary gland cells. Our findings indicate that M. bovis is able to adhere to and invade different epithelial cell types. Higher titers of JF4278 than L22/93 were observed in co-cultures with cells. The differences in titers reached between the two strains was more prominent for bMec cells than for MDBK and PECT cells. Moreover, M. bovis strain L22/93 induced apoptosis in MDBK cells and cytotoxicity in PECT cells but not in bMec cells. Dose-dependent variations in proliferation of primary epithelial cells were observed after M. bovis infection. Nevertheless, an indisputable phenotype that could be related to the increased virulence toward mammary gland cells is not obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Josi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Bürki
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ana Stojiljkovic
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olga Wellnitz
- Veterinary Physiology, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael H Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Pilo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Meichtry C, Glauser U, Glardon M, Ross SG, Lechner I, Kneubuehl BP, Gascho D, Spadavecchia C, von Rotz A, Stojiljkovic A, Stoffel MH. Assessment of a specifically developed bullet casing gun for the stunning of water buffaloes. Meat Sci 2018; 135:74-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Geisshüsler H, Marti E, Stoffel M, Kühni K, Stojiljkovic A, von Tscharner C, Vidondo B, Gerber V, Koch C. Quantitative analysis of infiltrating immune cells and bovine papillomavirus type 1 E2-positive cells in equine sarcoids. Vet J 2016; 216:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bürki S, Gaschen V, Stoffel MH, Stojiljkovic A, Frey J, Kuehni-Boghenbor K, Pilo P. Invasion and persistence of Mycoplasma bovis in embryonic calf turbinate cells. Vet Res 2015; 46:53. [PMID: 25976415 PMCID: PMC4432498 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a wall-less bacterium causing bovine mycoplasmosis, a disease showing a broad range of clinical manifestations in cattle. It leads to enormous economic losses to the beef and dairy industries. Antibiotic treatments are not efficacious and currently no efficient vaccine is available. Moreover, mechanisms of pathogenicity of this bacterium are not clear, as few virulence attributes are known. Microscopic observations of necropsy material suggest the possibility of an intracellular stage of M. bovis. We used a combination of a gentamicin protection assay, a variety of chemical treatments to block mycoplasmas entry in eukaryotic cells, and fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy to investigate the intracellular life of M. bovis in calf turbinate cells. Our findings indicate that M. bovis invades and persists in primary embryonic calf turbinate cells. Moreover, M. bovis can multiply within these cells. The intracellular phase of M. bovis may represent a protective niche for this pathogen and contribute to its escape from the host’s immune defense as well as avoidance of antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Bürki
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Véronique Gaschen
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Michael H Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ana Stojiljkovic
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Paola Pilo
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Pirjola L, Johansson C, Kupiainen K, Stojiljkovic A, Karlsson H, Hussein T. Road dust emissions from paved roads measured using different mobile systems. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2010; 60:1422-1433. [PMID: 21243896 DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.60.12.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Very few real-world measurements of road dust suspension have been performed to date. This study compares two different techniques (referred to as Sniffer and Emma) to measure road dust emissions. The main differences between the systems are the construction of the inlet, different instruments for recording particulate matter (PM) levels, and different loads on the wheel axes (the weight of Sniffer was much higher than that of Emma). Both systems showed substantial small-scale variations of emission levels along the road, likely depending on-road surface conditions. The variations observed correlated quite well, and the discrepancies are likely a result of variations in dust load on the road surface perpendicular to the driving direction that cause variations in the measurements depending on slightly different paths driven by the two vehicles. Both systems showed a substantial influence on the emission levels depending on the type of tire used. The summer tire showed much lower suspension than the winter tires (one nonstudded and one studded). However, the relative importance of the nonstudded versus studded tire was rather different. For the ratio of studded/nonstudded, Emma shows higher values on all road sections compared with Sniffer. Both techniques showed increased emission levels with increasing vehicle speed. When the speed increased from 50 to 80 km hr(-1), the relative concentrations increased by 30-170% depending on the tire type and dust load. However, for road sections that were very dirty, Sniffer showed a much higher relative increase in the emission level with the nonstudded tire. Sniffer's absolute concentrations were mostly higher than Emma's. Possible reasons for the differences are discussed in the paper. Both systems can be used for studying relative road dust emissions and for designing air quality management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Pirjola
- Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Department of Technology, Helsinki, Finland.
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