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Yue C, Li J, Zhang S, Ma R, Suo M, Chen Y, Jin H, Zeng Y, Chen Y. Activation of the NLRP3-CASP-1 inflammasome is restrained by controlling autophagy during Glaesserella parasuis infection. Vet Microbiol 2024; 295:110160. [PMID: 38964034 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Infection with Glaesserella parasuis, the primary pathogen behind Glässer's disease, is often associated with diverse clinical symptoms, including serofibrinous polyserositis, arthritis, and meningitis. Autophagy plays a dual role in bacterial infections, exerting either antagonistic or synergistic effects depending on the nature of the pathogen. Our previous studies have demonstrated that autophagy serves as a defense mechanism, combating inflammation and invasion caused by infection of highly virulent G. parasuis. However, the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Pathogens exhibit distinct interactions with inflammasomes and autophagy processes. Herein, we explored the effect of autophagy on inflammasomes during G. parasuis infection. We found that G. parasuis infection triggers NLRP3-dependent pro-CASP-1-IL-18/IL-1β processing and maturation pathway, resulting in increased release of IL-1β and IL-18. Inhibition of autophagy enhances NLRP3 inflammasome activity, whereas stimulation of autophagy restricts it during G. parasuis infection. Furthermore, assembled NLRP3 inflammasomes undergo ubiquitination and recruit the autophagic adaptor, p62, facilitating their sequestration into autophagosomes during G. parasuis infection. These results suggest that the induction of autophagy mitigates inflammation by eliminating overactive NLRP3 inflammasomes during G. parasuis infection. Our research uncovers a mechanism whereby G. parasuis infection initiates inflammatory responses by promoting the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasomes and activating NLRP3-CASP-1, both of which processes are downregulated by autophagy. This suggests that pharmacological manipulation of autophagy could be a promising approach to modulate G. parasuis-induced inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiong Yue
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siming Zhang
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruyi Ma
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingjiao Suo
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yushan Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Wang J, Yan P, Jia Y, Guo Z, Guo Y, Yin R, Wang L, Fan Z, Zhou Y, Yuan J, Yin R. Expression profiles of miRNAs in the lung tissue of piglets infected with Glaesserella parasuis and the roles of ssc-miR-135 and ssc-miR-155-3p in the regulation of inflammation. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 111:102214. [PMID: 39002176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play an important regulatory role in the process of pathogenic infection. However, the miRNAs that regulate the pathogenic process of G. parasuis and their functions are still unknown. Here, high-throughput sequencing was used to quantify the expression of miRNA in piglet lung tissue after G. parasuis XX0306 strain infection. A total of 25 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that many of the functions of genes that may be regulated by DEmiRNA are related to inflammatory response and immune regulation. Further studies found that ssc-miR-135 may promote the expression of inflammatory factors through NF-κB signaling pathway. Whereas, ssc-miR-155-3p inhibited the inflammatory response induced by G. parasuis, and its regulatory mechanism remains to be further investigated. This study provides a valuable reference for revealing the regulatory effects of miRNAs on the pathogenesis of G. parasuis. DATA AVAILABILITY: The datasets generated during the current study are not publicly available due to this study is currently in the ongoing research stage, and some of the data cannot be made public sooner yet, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China.
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yongchao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Zhongbo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Ronglan Yin
- Research Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Sciences of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Linxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Zenglei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Ronghuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Li Y, Guo M, Wang Q, Zhou H, Wu W, Lin H, Fan H. Glaesserella parasuis serotype 5 induces pyroptosis via the RIG-I/MAVS/NLRP3 pathway in swine tracheal epithelial cells. Vet Microbiol 2024; 294:110127. [PMID: 38797057 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) is a common Gram-negative commensal bacterium in the upper respiratory tract of swine that can cause Glässer's disease under stress conditions. Pyroptosis is an important immune defence mechanism of the body that plays a crucial role in clearing pathogen infections and endogenous danger signals. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of G. parasuis serotype 5 SQ (GPS5-SQ)-induced pyroptosis in swine tracheal epithelial cells (STECs). The results of the present study demonstrated that GPS5-SQ infection induces pyroptosis in STECs by enhancing the protein level of the N-terminal domain of gasdermin D (GSDMD-N) and activating the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Furthermore, the levels of pyroptosis-related proteins, including GSDMD-N and cleaved caspase-1 were considerably decreased in STECs after the knockdown of retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). These results indicated that GPS5-SQ might trigger pyroptosis through the activation of the RIG-I/MAVS/NLRP3 signaling pathway. More importantly, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) repressed the activation of the RIG-I/MAVS/NLRP3 signaling and rescued the decrease in Occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) after GPS5-SQ infection. Overall, our findings show that GPS5-SQ can activate RIG-I/MAVS/NLRP3 signaling and destroy the integrity of the epithelial barrier by inducing ROS generation in STECs, shedding new light on G. parasuis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengru Guo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- Joint Research Center for Foodborne Functional Factors and Green Preparation, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China.
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Zhang J, Zhao C, Yao M, Qi J, Tan Y, Shi K, Wang J, Zhou S, Li Z. Transcriptome sequencing reveals non-coding RNAs respond to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Haemophilus parasuis co-infection in Kele piglets. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:663-681. [PMID: 39165737 PMCID: PMC11331363 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) has severely restricted the healthy development of pig breeding. Exploring disease resistance of non-coding RNAs in pigs co-infected with PRRSV and HPS is therefore critical to complement and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of disease resistance in Kele piglets and to innovate the use of local pig germplasm resources in China. RNA-seq of lungs from Kele piglets with single-infection of PRRSV or HPS and co-infection of both pathogens was performed. Two hundred and twenty-five differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) and 30 DEmicroRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified and characterized in the PRRSV and HPS co-infection (PRRSV-HPS) group. Compared with the single-infection groups, 146 unique DElncRNAs, 17 unique DEmiRNAs, and 206 target differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the PRRSV-HPS group. The expression patterns of 20 DEmiRNAs and DElncRNAs confirmed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were consistent with those determined by high-throughput sequencing. In the PRRSV-HPS group, the target DEGs were enriched in eight immune Gene Ontology terms relating to two unique DEmiRNAs and 16 DElncRNAs, and the unique target DEGs participated the host immune response to pathogens infection by affecting 15 immune-related Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment pathways. Notably, competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks of different groups were constructed, and the ssc-miR-671-5p miRNA was validated as a potential regulatory factor to regulate DTX4 and AEBP1 genes to achieve innate antiviral effects and inhibit pulmonary fibrosis by dual-luciferase reporter assays. These results provided insight into further study on the molecular mechanisms of resistance to PRRSV and HPS co-infection in Kele piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Chunping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Min Yao
- Inspection and Testing Department, Guizhou
Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guiyang
550002, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Ya Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Kaizhi Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Sixuan Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou
University, Guiyang 550002, China
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Lv L, Cui EH, Wang B, Li LQ, Hua F, Lu HD, Chen N, Chen WY. Multiomics reveal human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improving acute lung injury via the lung-gut axis. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:908-930. [PMID: 37900940 PMCID: PMC10600741 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i9.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) and its final severe stage, acute respiratory distress syndrome, are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in patients due to the lack of effective specific treatments. Gut microbiota homeostasis, including that in ALI, is important for human health. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota improves lung injury through the lung-gut axis. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal cells (HUC-MSCs) have attractive prospects for ALI treatment. This study hypothesized that HUC-MSCs improve ALI via the lung-gut microflora. AIM To explore the effects of HUC-MSCs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice and the involvement of the lung-gut axis in this process. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups (18 rats per group): Sham, sham + HUC-MSCs, LPS, and LPS + HUC-MSCs. ALI was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injections of LPS (10 mg/kg). After 6 h, mice were intervened with 0.5 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 1 × 106 HUC-MSCs by intraperitoneal injections. For the negative control, 100 mL 0.9% NaCl and 0.5 mL PBS were used. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from anesthetized mice, and their blood, lungs, ileum, and feces were obtained by an aseptic technique following CO2 euthanasia. Wright's staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Evans blue dye leakage assay, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, western blot, 16S rDNA sequencing, and non-targeted metabolomics were used to observe the effect of HUC-MSCs on ALI mice, and the involvement of the lung-gut axis in this process was explored. One-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey's test, independent-sample Student's t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS HUC-MSCs were observed to improve pulmonary edema and lung and ileal injury, and decrease mononuclear cell and neutrophil counts, protein concentrations in BALF and inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum, lung, and ileum of ALI mice. Especially, HUC-MSCs decreased Evans blue concentration and Toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, p-nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/NF-κB, and p-inhibitor α of NF-κB (p-IκBα)/IκBα expression levels in the lung, and raised the pulmonary vascular endothelial-cadherin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and occludin levels and ileal ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin expression levels. HUC-MSCs improved gut and BALF microbial homeostases. The number of pathogenic bacteria decreased in the BALF of ALI mice treated with HUC-MSCs. Concurrently, the abundances of Oscillospira and Coprococcus in the feces of HUS-MSC-treated ALI mice were significantly increased. In addition, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and unidentified_Rikenellaceae genera appeared in both feces and BALF. Moreover, this study performed metabolomic analysis on the lung tissue and identified five upregulated metabolites and 11 downregulated metabolites in the LPS + MSC group compared to the LPS group, which were related to the purine metabolism and the taste transduction signaling pathways. Therefore, an intrinsic link between lung metabolite levels and BALF flora homeostasis was established. CONCLUSION This study suggests that HUM-MSCs attenuate ALI by redefining the gut and lung microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - En-Hai Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Qin Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Zhejiang Province for the Development and Clinical Transformation of Immunomodulatory Drugs, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feng Hua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hua-Dong Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Chen YS, Zhang SM, Tan W, Zhu Q, Yue CX, Xiang P, Li JQ, Wei Z, Zeng Y. Early 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Administration Ameliorates Synaptic and Behavioral Deficits in the Young FXS Animal Model by Acting on BDNF-TrkB Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2539-2552. [PMID: 36680734 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03226-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited form of intellectual disability and the most common cause of autism spectrum disorders. FXS patients exhibit severe syndromic features and behavioral alterations, including anxiety, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and aggression, in addition to cognitive impairment and seizures. At present, there are no effective treatments or cures for FXS. Previously, we have found the divergence of BDNF-TrkB signaling trajectories is associated with spine defects in early postnatal developmental stages of Fmr1 KO mice. Here, young fragile X mice were intraperitoneal injection with 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a high affinity tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) agonist. 7,8-DHF ameliorated morphological abnormities in dendritic spine and synaptic structure and rescued synaptic and hippocampus-dependent cognitive dysfunction. These observed improvements of 7,8-DHF involved decreased protein levels of BDNF, p-TrkBY816, p-PLCγ, and p-CaMKII in the hippocampus. In addition, 7,8-DHF intervention in primary hippocampal neurons increased p-TrkBY816 and activated the PLCγ1-CaMKII signaling pathway, leading to improvement of neuronal morphology. This study is the first to account for early life synaptic impairments, neuronal morphological, and cognitive delays in FXS in response to the abnormal BDNF-TrkB pathway. Present studies provide novel evidences about the effective early intervention in FXS mice at developmental stages and a strategy to produce powerful impacts on neural development, synaptic plasticity, and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Ming Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Zhu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-Xiong Yue
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Quan Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Wu J, Yang Y, Liu L, Zhu W, Liu M, Yu X, Li W. ROS-AMPK/mTOR-dependent enterocyte autophagy is involved in the regulation of Giardia infection-related tight junction protein and nitric oxide levels. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120996. [PMID: 36999034 PMCID: PMC10043474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis, a cosmopolitan noninvasive protozoan parasite of zoonotic concern and public health importance, infects the upper portions of the small intestine and causes one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases globally termed giardiasis, especially in situations lacking safe drinking water and adequate sanitation services. The pathogenesis of giardiasis is complex and involves multiple factors from the interaction of Giardia and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic pathway that involves multiple pathological conditions including infection. Thus far, it remains uncertain if autophagy occurs in Giardia-infected IECs and if autophagic process is associated with the pathogenic factors of giardiasis, such as tight junction (TJ) barrier defects and nitric oxide (NO) release of IECs. Here Giardia-in vitro exposed IECs showed upregulation of a series of autophagy-related molecules, such as LC3, Beclin1, Atg7, Atg16L1, and ULK1, and downregulation of p62 protein. IEC autophagy induced by Giardia was further assessed by using autophagy flux inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ), with the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I significantly increased and downregulated p62 significantly reversed. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) rather than CQ could markedly reverse Giardia-induced downregulation of TJ proteins (claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1; also known as epithelial cell markers) and NO release, implying the involvement of early-stage autophagy in TJ/NO regulation. We subsequently confirmed the role of ROS-mediated AMPK/mTOR signaling in modulating Giardia-induced autophagy, TJ protein expression, and NO release. In turn, impairment of early-stage autophagy by 3-MA and late-stage autophagy by CQ both exhibited an exacerbated effect on ROS accumulation in IECs. Collectively, we present the first attempt to link the occurrence of IEC autophagy with Giardia infection in vitro, and provides novel insights into the contribution of ROS-AMPK/mTOR-dependent autophagy to Giardia infection-related downregulation of TJ protein and NO levels.
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Transcriptomics analysis reveals key lncRNAs and genes related to the infection of porcine lung macrophages by Glaesserella parasuis. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mommersteeg M, Simovic I, Yu B, van Nieuwenburg S, Bruno IM, Doukas M, Kuipers E, Spaander M, Peppelenbosch M, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Fuhler G. Autophagy mediates ER stress and inflammation in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2015238. [PMID: 34965181 PMCID: PMC8726742 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2015238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular degradation mechanism, which is triggered by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the autophagy gene ATG16L1 (rs2241880, G-allele) has been shown to dysregulate autophagy and increase intestinal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, we investigate the role of this SNP in H.pylori-mediated gastric carcinogenesis and its molecular pathways. ATG16L1 rs2241880 was genotyped in subjects from different ethnic cohorts (Dutch and Australian) presenting with gastric (pre)malignant lesions of various severity. Expression of GRP78 (a marker for ER stress) was assessed in gastric tissues. The effect of ATG16L1 rs2241880 on H.pylori-mediated ER stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine induction was investigated in organoids and CRISPR/Cas9 modified cell lines. Development of gastric cancer was associated with the ATG16L1 rs2241880 G-allele. Intestinal metaplastic cells in gastric tissue of patients showed increased levels of ER-stress. In vitro models showed that H.pylori increases autophagy while reducing ER stress, which appeared partly mediated by the ATG16L1 rs2241880 genotype. H.pylori-induced IL-8 production was increased while TNF-α production was decreased, in cells homozygous for the G-allele. The ATG16L1 rs2241880 G-allele is associated with progression of gastric premalignant lesions and cancer. Modulation of H.pylori-induced ER stress pathways and pro-inflammatory mediators by ATG16L1 rs2441880 may underlie this increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.C. Mommersteeg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I. Simovic
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Unsw, Sydney, Australia
| | - B. Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S.A.V. van Nieuwenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I, M.J. Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - E.J. Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M.C.W. Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M.P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N. Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Unsw, Sydney, Australia,CONTACT N. Castaño-Rodríguez School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - G.M. Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,G.M. Fuhler PhD Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Unsw, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Yin RH, Guo ZB, Zhou YY, Wang C, Yin RL, Bai WL. LncRNA-MEG3 Regulates the Inflammatory Responses and Apoptosis in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages Infected with Haemophilus parasuis Through Modulating the miR-210/TLR4 Axis. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3152-3164. [PMID: 34191053 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis, HPS) can elicit serious inflammatory responses and cause enormous economic loss to swine industry worldwide. However, the factors responsible for systemic infection and inflammatory responses of HPS have not yet been fully clarified. In this study, we found that lncRNA-MEG3 was significantly up-regulated in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) infected with HPS. The gain- and loss-of-function analysis confirmed that lncRNA-MEG3 participated in the inflammatory responses and apoptosis in HPS-infected PAMs, which was assessed via several inflammatory cytokine genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and apoptotic factors (Bcl-2, Bax, and C-caspase-3). Based on biotin-labeled RNA pull-down assay, we found that lncRNA-MEG3 bound with miR-210 in HPS-infected PAMs. Based on both overexpression and knockdown analysis of lncRNA-MEG3, our results indicated that lncRNA-MEG3 promoted the expression of TLR4 in HPS-infected PAMs. Using dual-luciferase reporter assays, we showed that lncRNA-MEG3 positively regulated the expression of TLR4 gene in HPS-infected PAMs through miR-210 pathway. Taken together, our results indicated that lncRNA-MEG3 participated in the inflammatory responses and apoptosis in HPS-infected PAMs through modulating the miR-210/TLR4 axis. The results from this investigation provided significant information for a novel target to control HPS infection in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong H Yin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhong B Guo
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yuan Y Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Liaoning Agricultural Technical College, Yingkou, 115009, China
| | - Rong L Yin
- Research Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Sciences of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Wen L Bai
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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11
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Yue C, Hu C, Xiang P, Zhang S, Xiao H, Zhou W, Jin H, Shi D, Li J, Xu L, Chen Y, Zeng Y. Autophagy is a defense mechanism controlling Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection in murine microglia cells. Vet Microbiol 2021; 258:109103. [PMID: 33991788 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important swine and human pathogen, causing severe meningitis with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Microglial activation and inflammation are responsible for bacterial meningitis. S. suis has been identified to activate microglia, but the role of autophagy following S. suis infection in microglial cells remains elusive. In this study, using western blot, immunofluorescent staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we demonstrated that S. suis serotype 2 (SS2) triggered autophagosome and enhanced autophagic flux in BV2 microglial cells. Autophagy activators, rapamycin, could further promote autophagy in S. suis-infected BV2 cells. Conversely, autophagy inhibitors including siRNA targeting ATG5, Beclin-1, ATG9a and ATG12 attenuated the autophagic process. Consistent with the in vitro results, autophagy was activated following S. suis infection in brain tissue including frontal cortex and hippocampus in a mouse model of meningitis. Further experiment showed that autophagy serves as a cellular defense mechanism to limit invaded bacteria and microglia inflammation in S. suis-infected BV2 cells. This is the first study reporting that the interaction between autophagy and microglia cells in response to S. suis infection. The possible mechanism involved could additionally suggest potential therapeutic approaches for bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiong Yue
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenlu Hu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siming Zhang
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongde Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Xu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yushan Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Hu X, Liu X, Bai X, Yang L, Ding J, Jin X, Li C, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yang Y, Liu M. Effects of Trichinella spiralis and its excretory/secretory products on autophagy of host muscle cells in vivo and in vitro. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009040. [PMID: 33600403 PMCID: PMC7891764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is a widely distributed pathogenic microorganism that causes trichinellosis, a disease that has the potential of causing severe harm to their host. Numerous studies have demonstrated that autophagy can be triggered by microbial infection, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasitic helminths. However, it’s still unknown whether autophagy can facilitate host resistance to T. spiralis infection. The present study examined the role of autophagy in striated muscle cell transformation following infection with T. spiralis in BALB/c mice. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to detect the production of the host diaphragm autophagosome after T. spiralis infection, and changes in the protein and transcriptional levels of autophagic marker proteins were also detected. The significance of autophagy in T. spiralis infection, namely inhibition of T. spiralis growth, was preliminarily evaluated by conducting in vivo experiments using autophagy inhibitors. Besides, we studied the effect of excretory-secretory products (ES) of T. spiralis on autophagy of C2C12 myoblasts. The changes in protein and gene expression levels in autophagy-related pathways in vitro and in vivo were measured as further evidence. The results showed that T. spiralis infection induced autophagy in the host muscle cells. Meanwhile, ES inhibited autophagy of myoblasts in vitro, but this did not affect the cell viability. The upregulation and downregulation of autophagy-related factors in skeletal muscle cells may indicate an adaptive mechanism providing a comfortable niche for the parasite. Autophagy, a intracellular degradation system, is a kind of unique phenomenon in eukaryotic cells. The commonly referred autophagy is the process of forming autophagosomes by wrapping the cytoplasmic components with double-membrane structure, and then fusing with lysosomes to degrade the internal substances of the cell. Autophagy can be induced by various pathogens including parasites. When the body is infected with intracellular parasites, the host cell can remove the parasites by autophagy. However, parasites have also evolved defence mechanisms that use autophagy in host cells to promote growth. These can be seen in some intracellular parasitic infections such as Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium. Although the role of autophagy in other parasitic infections has been revealed, it remains unclear whether autophagy is involved in the invasion process by Trichinella. We investigated the role of Trichinella infection on host muscle cells autophagy and the effect of autophagosome formation on the survival of T. spiralis. Understanding the role of autophagy in the interaction between parasitic infection and host cell is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of Trichinella infection and the development of anti-parasite drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuemin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (ML)
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (ML)
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13
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Chen KY, Cheng CJ, Cheng CC, Jhan KY, Chen YJ, Wang LC. The excretory/secretory products of fifth-stage larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces autophagy via the Sonic hedgehog pathway in mouse brain astrocytes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008290. [PMID: 32479527 PMCID: PMC7289448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiostrongyliasis is induced by the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis and leads to eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in humans. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) are important investigation targets for studying the relationship between hosts and nematodes. These products assist worms in penetrating the blood-brain barrier and avoiding the host immune response. Autophagy is a catabolic process that is responsible for digesting cytoplasmic organelles, proteins, and lipids and removing them through lysosomes. This process is essential to cell survival and homeostasis during nutritional deficiency, cell injury and stress. In this study, we investigated autophagy induction upon treatment with the ESPs of the fifth-stage larvae (L5) of A. cantonensis and observed the relationship between autophagy and the Shh pathway. First, the results showed that A. cantonensis infection induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction and pathological changes in the brain. Moreover, A. cantonensis L5 ESPs stimulated autophagosome formation and the expression of autophagy molecules, such as LC3B, Beclin, and p62. The data showed that upon ESPs treatment, rapamycin elevated cell viability through the activation of the autophagy mechanism in astrocytes. Finally, we found that ESPs induced the activation of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway and that the expression of autophagy molecules was increased through the Shh signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that A. cantonensis L5 ESPs stimulate autophagy through the Shh signaling pathway and that autophagy has a protective effect in astrocytes. In helminthes, Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) contains a wide range of molecules, including proteins, lipids, glycans, and nucleic acids, that assist in the penetration of host defensive barriers, reduction of oxidative stress, and avoid the host immune attack. It has been known as a key factor for parasite development, including feeding, invasion and molting. Therefore, ESPs is a valuable target for the investigation of the host-parasite relationships. However, only a few researches about the function of Angiostrongyliasis cantonensis ESPs have been verified to date. Angiostrongyliasis cantonensis, a blood-feeding nematode, and it is an important causative agent of eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in human. Recent our studies have demonstrated that the A. cantonensis ESPs can induce oxidative stress, apoptosis, and immune response. In this study, we will use a mouse astrocytes as a model to investigate the signaling mechanisms of autophagy induction by ESPs treatment. First, the Microarray, Western blotting, and Transmission electron microscopy data demonstrated that A. cantonensis ESPs can induce autophagy generation in astrocytes. Next, ESPs-induced autophagy was activated via Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, and it has a protective potential for astrocytes. These finding will provide new insights into the mechanisms and effects of the A. cantonensis ESPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yao Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Jhan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Chen Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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14
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Lei Y, Li H, Lu K. Autophagy Regulation of Bacterial Pathogen Invasion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1209:43-54. [PMID: 31728864 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0606-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy pathway is highly conserved in all eukaryotic species and responsible for targeting of cytosol components, such as protein aggregates, damaged or unnecessary organelles, and intracellular bacterial pathogens for lysosome-dependent degradation. Besides severing as a catabolic process, autophagy pathway furthermore has been discovered to function pivotally in both innate and adaptive immune responses. At present, it has been well demonstrated that certain types of bacteria could be targeted by autophagy upon their invasion. However, several bacterial pathogens have developed strategies to evade this degradation and clearance. Here, we review the role and mechanism of autophagy in the regulation of bacteria invasion, which may facilitate the designing of clinical drugs for efficient and safe cure of infection diseases caused by toxic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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