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Díaz-Sánchez S, Vaz-Rodrigues R, Contreras M, Rafael M, Villar M, González-García A, Artigas-Jerónimo S, Gortázar C, de la Fuente J. Zebrafish gut microbiota composition in response to tick saliva biomolecules correlates with allergic reactions to mammalian meat consumption. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127786. [PMID: 38820703 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The α-Gal syndrome (AGS) is an IgE-mediated tick borne-allergy that results in delayed anaphylaxis to the consumption of mammalian meat and products containing α-Gal. Considering that α-Gal-containing microbiota modulates natural antibody production to this glycan, this study aimed to evaluate the influence on tick salivary compounds on the gut microbiota composition in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) animal model. Sequencing of 16 S rDNA was performed in a total of 75 zebrafish intestine samples, representing different treatment groups: PBS control, Ixodes ricinus tick saliva, tick saliva non-protein fraction (NPF), tick saliva protein fraction (PF), and tick saliva protein fractions 1-5 with NPF (F1-5). The results revealed that treatment with tick saliva and different tick salivary fractions, combined with α-Gal-positive dog food feeding, resulted in specific variations in zebrafish gut microbiota composition at various taxonomic levels and affected commensal microbial alpha and beta diversities. Metagenomics results were corroborated by qPCR, supporting the overrepresentation of phylum Firmicutes in the tick saliva group, phylum Fusobacteriota in group F1, and phylum Cyanobacteria in F2 and F5 compared to the PBS-control. qPCRs results at genus level sustained significant enrichment of Plesiomonas spp. in groups F3 and F5, Rhizobium spp. in NPF and F4, and Cloacibacterium spp. dominance in the PBS control group. This study provides new results on the role of gut microbiota in allergic reactions to tick saliva components using a zebrafish model of AGS. Overall, gut microbiota composition in response to tick saliva biomolecules may be associated with allergic reactions to mammalian meat consumption in AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Díaz-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Área de Microbiología, Entrada Campus Anchieta, 4, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38200, Spain
| | - Rita Vaz-Rodrigues
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Marinela Contreras
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Marta Rafael
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain; Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Almudena González-García
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Sara Artigas-Jerónimo
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Vaz-Rodrigues R, Mazuecos L, Villar M, Contreras M, Artigas-Jerónimo S, González-García A, Gortázar C, de la Fuente J. Multi-omics analysis of zebrafish response to tick saliva reveals biological processes associated with alpha-Gal syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115829. [PMID: 37922649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS) is a tick-borne allergy. A multi-omics approach was used to determine the effect of tick saliva and mammalian meat consumption on zebrafish gut transcriptome and proteome. Bioinformatics analysis using R software was focused on significant biological and metabolic pathway changes associated with AGS. Ortholog mapping identified highly concordant human ortholog genes for the detection of disease-enriched pathways. Tick saliva treatment increased zebrafish mortality, incidence of hemorrhagic type allergic reactions and changes in behavior and feeding patterns. Transcriptomics analysis showed downregulation of biological and metabolic pathways correlated with anti-alpha-Gal IgE and allergic reactions to tick saliva affecting blood circulation, cardiac and vascular smooth muscle contraction, behavior and sensory perception. Disease enrichment analysis revealed downregulated orthologous genes associated with human disorders affecting nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems. Proteomics analysis revealed suppression of pathways associated with immune system production of reactive oxygen species and cardiac muscle contraction. Underrepresented proteins were mainly linked to nervous and metabolic human disorders. Multi-omics data revealed inhibition of pathways associated with adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, and heart and muscle contraction. Results identify tick saliva-related biological pathways supporting multisystemic organ involvement and linking α-Gal sensitization with other illnesses for the identification of potential disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Vaz-Rodrigues
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lorena Mazuecos
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marinela Contreras
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sara Artigas-Jerónimo
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Almudena González-García
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Centre for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Contreras M, Vaz-Rodrigues R, Mazuecos L, Villar M, Artigas-Jerónimo S, González-García A, Shilova NV, Bovin NV, Díaz-Sánchez S, Ferreras-Colino E, Pacheco I, Chmelař J, Kopáček P, Cabezas-Cruz A, Gortázar C, de la Fuente J. Allergic reactions to tick saliva components in zebrafish model. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:242. [PMID: 37468955 PMCID: PMC10357745 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS) is a tick-borne food allergy caused by IgE antibodies against the glycan galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) present in glycoproteins and glycolipids from mammalian meat. To advance in the diagnosis and treatment of AGS, further research is needed to unravel the molecular and immune mechanisms underlying this syndrome. The objective of this study is the characterization of tick salivary components and proteins with and without α-Gal modifications involved in modulating human immune response against this carbohydrate. METHODS Protein and α-Gal content were determined in tick saliva components, and proteins were identified by proteomics analysis of tick saliva fractions. Pathophysiological changes were recorded in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model after exposure to distinct Ixodes ricinus tick salivary components. Serum samples were collected from zebrafish at day 8 of exposure to determine anti-α-Gal, anti-glycan, and anti-tick saliva protein IgM antibody titers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Zebrafish treated with tick saliva and saliva protein fractions combined with non-protein fractions demonstrated significantly higher incidence of hemorrhagic type allergic reactions, abnormal behavioral patterns, or mortality when compared to the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated control group. The main tick salivary proteins identified in these fractions with possible functional implication in AGS were the secreted protein B7P208-salivary antigen p23 and metalloproteases. Anti-α-Gal and anti-tick salivary gland IgM antibody titers were significantly higher in distinct saliva protein fractions and deglycosylated saliva group when compared with PBS-treated controls. Anti-glycan antibodies showed group-related profiles. CONCLUSIONS Results support the hypothesis that tick salivary biomolecules with and without α-Gal modifications are involved in modulating immune response against this carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinela Contreras
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rita Vaz-Rodrigues
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lorena Mazuecos
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ave. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sara Artigas-Jerónimo
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Almudena González-García
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V. I. Kulakov, Oparina str. 4, 117198, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Centre for Kode Technology Innovation, School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandra Díaz-Sánchez
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de La Laguna, Entrada Campus Anchieta, 4, 38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Elisa Ferreras-Colino
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Iván Pacheco
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jindřich Chmelař
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Petr Kopáček
- Institute of ParasitologyBiology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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Mazuecos L, Alberdi P, Hernández-Jarguín A, Contreras M, Villar M, Cabezas-Cruz A, Simo L, González-García A, Díaz-Sánchez S, Neelakanta G, Bonnet SI, Fikrig E, de la Fuente J. Frankenbacteriosis targeting interactions between pathogen and symbiont to control infection in the tick vector. iScience 2023; 26:106697. [PMID: 37168564 PMCID: PMC10165458 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick microbiota can be targeted for the control of tick-borne diseases such as human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) caused by model pathogen, Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Frankenbacteriosis is inspired by Frankenstein and defined here as paratransgenesis of tick symbiotic/commensal bacteria to mimic and compete with tick-borne pathogens. Interactions between A. phagocytophilum and symbiotic Sphingomonas identified by metaproteomics analysis in Ixodes scapularis midgut showed competition between both bacteria. Consequently, Sphingomonas was selected for frankenbacteriosis for the control of A. phagocytophilum infection and transmission. The results showed that Franken Sphingomonas producing A. phagocytophilum major surface protein 4 (MSP4) mimic pathogen and reduce infection in ticks by competition and interaction with cell receptor components of infection. Franken Sphingomonas-MSP4 transovarial and trans-stadial transmission suggests that tick larvae with genetically modified Franken Sphingomonas-MSP4 could be produced in the laboratory and released in the field to compete and replace the wildtype populations with associated reduction in pathogen infection/transmission and HGA disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mazuecos
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pilar Alberdi
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Angélica Hernández-Jarguín
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marinela Contreras
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ladislav Simo
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Almudena González-García
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sandra Díaz-Sánchez
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Girish Neelakanta
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Sarah I. Bonnet
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 2000, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
- Animal Health Department, INRAE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 208022, USA
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- Corresponding author
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Vaz-Rodrigues R, Mazuecos L, de la Fuente J. Current and Future Strategies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Alpha-Gal Syndrome (AGS). J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:957-970. [PMID: 35879928 PMCID: PMC9307871 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s265660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-Gal syndrome (AGS) is a pathognomonic immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated delayed anaphylaxis in foods containing the oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) such as mammalian meat or dairy products. Clinical presentation of AGS can also comprise immediate hypersensitivity due to anticancer therapy, gelatin-containing vaccines or mammalian serum-based antivenom. The IgE initial sensitization is caused by hard-bodied tick bites and symptomatic individuals typically develop delayed pruritus, urticaria, angioedema, anaphylaxis, malaise or gut-related symptoms. Due to inapparent presentation, delayed reactions and a wide variety of patients´ clinical history, the AGS diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. This review covers not only current diagnostic methods used for AGS such as the skin prick test (SPT), the oral food challenge (OFC), anti-α-Gal IgE levels measurement and the basophil activation test (BAT), but also potentially relevant next-generation diagnostic tools like the mast cell activation test (MAT), the histamine-release (HR) assay, omics technologies and model-based reasoning (MBR). Moreover, it focuses on the therapeutical medical and non-medical methods available and current research methods that are being applied in order to elucidate the molecular, physiological and immune mechanisms underlying this allergic disorder. Lastly, future treatment and preventive tools are also discussed, being of utmost importance for the identification of tick salivary molecules, with or without α-Gal modifications, that trigger IgE sensitivity as they could be the key for further vaccine development. Bearing in mind climate change, the tick-host paradigm will shift towards an increasing number of AGS cases in new regions worldwide, which will pose new challenges for clinicians in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Vaz-Rodrigues
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - Lorena Mazuecos
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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Luo J, Wu F, Liu W, Ren Q, Diao P, Guan G, Luo J, Yin H, Liu G. A Novel MicroRNA and the Target Gene TAB2 Can Regulate the Process of Sucking Blood in and the Spawn Rate of Hyalomma asiaticum (Acari: Ixodidae) Ticks. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930532. [PMID: 35865515 PMCID: PMC9294593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are blood-sucking parasites that are harmful to humans and animals. MicroRNAs are a class of conserved small noncoding RNAs that play regulatory roles in the expression of many genes at the posttranscriptional level. Here, a novel miRNA (nov-miR-17) was identified from a small RNA data library of Hyalomma asiaticum by next-generation sequencing. PCR was used to obtain precursor nov-miR-17 by RACE using mature loop primers. The secondary structure was predicted with UNAFold. The interaction of nov-miR-17 with its target gene TAB2 was predicted using RNAhybrid software and identified in vitro by luciferase assays. Moreover, the interaction was confirmed in vivo by phenotype rescue experiments in which dsTAB2 was used for RNA interference (RNAi) and an antagomir of nov-miR-17 was used for miRNA silencing. The expression levels of nov-miR-17 and TAB2 in ticks at different developmental stages and the expression of nov-miR-17 in different tissues were analyzed by real-time qPCR. All data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 5. Results: The results showed that TAB2 was a target gene of nov-miR-17. When the blood-sucking process of larval, nymph and adult ticks was prolonged, the expression of nov-miR-17 was decreased, and TAB2 expression was increased. However, the level of nov-miR-17 in the midgut of engorged ticks was highest at all stages. Therefore, nov-miR-17 plays an important role in the blood-sucking process. The overexpression of nov-miR-17 indicated that this miRNA affected the engorged weight (P < 0.001) and spawn rate (P < 0.001) of female ticks. RNAi of TAB2 also had the same effect. dsRNA not only impacted the weight (P < 0.01) but also reduced the spawn rate (P < 0.001) of the ticks. Furthermore, significant recovery was observed in nov-miR-17-silenced ticks after TAB2 silencing by RNAi. nov-miR-17 silencing by antagomir not only impacted the engorged weight of the female ticks (P < 0.001) but also the number of days that the females needed to progress from engorgement to spawning (P < 0.001). The study showed that nov-miR-17, as a new miRNA, plays an important role along with its target gene TAB2 in the blood-sucking and spawning processes in female ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenge Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peiwen Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyuan Liu, ; Hong Yin,
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyuan Liu, ; Hong Yin,
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Juste RA, Ferreras-Colino E, de la Fuente J, Domínguez M, Risalde MA, Domínguez L, Cabezas-Cruz A, Gortázar C. Heat inactivated mycobacteria, alpha-gal and zebra fish: insights gained from experiences with two promising trained immunity inductors and a validated animal model. Immunol Suppl 2022; 167:139-153. [PMID: 35752944 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Trained immunity (TRAIM) may be defined as a form of memory where innate immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic and natural killer (NK) cells undergo an epigenetic reprogramming that enhances their primary defensive capabilities. Cross-pathogen protective TRAIM can be triggered in different hosts by exposure to live microbes or microbe-derived products such as heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis or with the glycan α-Gal to elicit protective responses against several pathogens. We review the TRAIM paradigm using two models representing distinct scales of immune sensitization: the whole bacterial cell and one of its building blocks, the polysaccharides or glycans. Observations point out to macrophage lytic capabilities and cytokine regulation as two key components in nonspecific innate immune responses against infections. The study of the TRAIM response deserves attention to better characterize the evolution of host-pathogen cooperation both for identifying the etiology of some diseases and for finding new therapeutic strategies. In this field, the zebrafish provides a convenient and complete biological system that could help to deepen in the knowledge of TRAIM-mediated mechanisms in pathogen-host interactions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón A Juste
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,NySA. Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Elisa Ferreras-Colino
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo-Majadahonda km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, Spain
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8
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Maldonado-Ruiz LP, Boorgula GD, Kim D, Fleming SD, Park Y. Tick Intrastadial Feeding and Its Role on IgE Production in the Murine Model of Alpha-gal Syndrome: The Tick "Transmission" Hypothesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844262. [PMID: 35309294 PMCID: PMC8930817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have provided strong evidence indicating that lone star tick bites are a cause of AGS (alpha-gal syndrome, also known as red meat allergy RMA) in humans. AGS is characterized by an increase in IgE antibody production against galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (aGal), which is a common glycan found in mammalian tissue, except in Old World monkeys and humans. The main causative factor of AGS, the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum), is broadly distributed throughout the east and midwest of the United States and is a vector of a wide range of human and animal pathogens. Our earlier glycomics study of the salivary glands of partially fed male and female ticks revealed relatively high levels of aGal epitopes. In this study, we found that partially fed males of A. americanum on bovine blood, which engage in multiple intrastadial feedings, carry a large amount of aGal in the salivary glands. In our current work, we aimed to test whether ticks mediate the transmission of the aGal sensitizer acquired from nonhuman blood to humans in the intrastadial host switch (referred to as the "transmission" hypothesis). To test this hypothesis, we used an alpha-galactosyltransferase knockout mutant mouse (aGT-KO) model system infested with ticks that were unfed or partially fed on bovine blood. Based on the levels of total IgE and specific IgG and IgE antibodies against aGal after tick feedings, aGT-KO mice significantly responded to tick feeding and injection of aGal (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) conjugated to human serum albumin or mouse serum albumin (aGal-HSA or aGal-MSA) by increasing total IgE and aGal-specific IgE levels compared to those in C57BL/6 control mice. All of the treatments of aGT-KO mice involving the feeding of partially fed and unfed ticks functioned as sensitizers that increased the levels of specific IgE against aGal, with large individual variations. The data in this study do not support the "transmission" component of AGS, although they confirmed that aGT-KO mice can be used as a model for RMA studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donghun Kim
- Department of Entomology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sherry D. Fleming
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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9
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Palinauskas V, Mateos-Hernandez L, Wu-Chuang A, de la Fuente J, Aželytė J, Obregon D, Cabezas-Cruz A. Exploring the Ecological Implications of Microbiota Diversity in Birds: Natural Barriers Against Avian Malaria. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807682. [PMID: 35250978 PMCID: PMC8891477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antibodies (Abs), produced in response to bacterial gut microbiota, drive resistance to infection in vertebrates. In natural systems, gut microbiota diversity is expected to shape the spectrum of natural Abs and resistance to parasites. This hypothesis has not been empirically tested. In this 'Hypothesis and Theory' paper, we propose that enteric microbiota diversity shapes the immune response to the carbohydrate α-Gal and resistance to avian malaria. We further propose that anti-α-Gal Abs are transmitted from mother to eggs for early malaria protection in chicks. Microbiota modulation by anti-α-Gal Abs is also proposed as a mechanism favoring the early colonization of bacterial taxa with α1,3-galactosyltransferase (α1,3GT) activity in the bird gut. Our preliminary data shows that bacterial α1,3GT genes are widely distributed in the gut microbiome of wild and domestic birds. We also showed that experimental infection with the avian malaria parasite P. relictum induces anti-α-Gal Abs in bird sera. The bird-malaria-microbiota system allows combining field studies with infection and transmission experiments in laboratory animals to test the association between microbiota composition, anti-α-Gal Abs, and malaria infection in natural populations of wild birds. Understanding how the gut microbiome influences resistance to malaria can bring insights on how these mechanisms influence the prevalence of malaria parasites in juvenile birds and shape the host population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lourdes Mateos-Hernandez
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alejandra Wu-Chuang
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Justė Aželytė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dasiel Obregon
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
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10
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Villar M, Pacheco I, Mateos-Hernández L, Cabezas-Cruz A, Tabor AE, Rodríguez-Valle M, Mulenga A, Kocan KM, Blouin EF, de la Fuente J. Characterization of tick salivary gland and saliva alphagalactome reveals candidate alpha-gal syndrome disease biomarkers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:1099-1116. [PMID: 34904495 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.2018305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods that synthesize the glycan Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) associated with the alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) or allergy to mammalian meat consumption. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, we used a proteomics approach to characterize tick proteins in salivary glands (sialome SG), secreted saliva (sialome SA) and with α-Gal modification (alphagalactome SG and SA) in model tick species associated with the AGS in the United States (Amblyomma americanum) and Australia (Ixodes holocyclus). Selected proteins reactive to sera (IgE) from patients with AGS were identified to advance in the identification of possible proteins associated with the AGS. For comparative analysis, the α-Gal content was measured in various tick species. RESULTS The results confirmed that ticks produce proteins with α-Gal modifications and secreted into saliva during feeding. Proteins identified in tick alphagalactome SA by sera from patients with severe AGS symptomatology may constitute candidate disease biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS The results support the presence tick-derived proteins with α-Gal modifications in the saliva with potential implications in AGS and other disorders and protective capacity against tick infestations and pathogen infection. Future research should focus on the characterization of the function of tick glycoproteins with α-Gal in tick biology and AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Villar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.,Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Iván Pacheco
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mateos-Hernández
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, 94700, France
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, 94700, France
| | - Ala E Tabor
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, 68 Cooper Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Valle
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Albert Mulenga
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843, United States
| | - Katherine M Kocan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Edmour F Blouin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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11
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Enterocytes in Food Hypersensitivity Reactions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092713. [PMID: 34573679 PMCID: PMC8466009 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypersensitivity to food, affecting both animals and humans, is increasing. Until a decade ago, it was thought that enterocytes, the most abundant constituent of the intestinal surface mucosa layer, served only to absorb digested food and prevent foreign and non-digested substances from passing below the intestinal layer. Growing evidence supports the involvement of enterocytes in immunological responses. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the new roles of enterocytes in food hypersensitivity conducted in animal models in order to better understand complicated immune pathological conditions. In addition, resources for further work in this area are suggested, along with a literature overview of the specific roles of enterocytes in maintaining oral tolerance. Lastly, it will be beneficial to investigate the various animal models involved in food hypersensitivity to reach the needed momentum necessary for the complete and profound understanding of the mechanisms of the ever-growing number of food allergies in animal and human populations. Abstract Food hypersensitivity reactions are adverse reactions to harmless dietary substances, whose causes are hidden within derangements of the complex immune machinery of humans and mammals. Until recently, enterocytes were considered as solely absorptive cells providing a physical barrier for unwanted lumen constituents. This review focuses on the enterocytes, which are the hub for innate and adaptive immune reactions. Furthermore, the ambiguous nature of enterocytes is also reflected in the fact that enterocytes can be considered as antigen-presenting cells since they constitutively express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Taken together, it becomes clear that enterocytes have an immense role in maintaining oral tolerance to foreign antigens. In general, the immune system and its mechanisms underlying food hypersensitivity are still unknown and the involvement of components belonging to other anatomical systems, such as enterocytes, in these mechanisms make their elucidation even more difficult. The findings from studies with animal models provide us with valuable information about allergic mechanisms in the animal world, while on the other hand, these models are used to extrapolate results to the pathological conditions occurring in humans. There is a constant need for studies that deal with this topic and can overcome the glitches related to ethics in working with animals.
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12
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Probiotic Bacteria with High Alpha-Gal Content Protect Zebrafish against Mycobacteriosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070635. [PMID: 34208966 PMCID: PMC8308674 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis affects wild fish and aquaculture worldwide, and alternatives to antibiotics are needed for an effective and environmentally sound control of infectious diseases. Probiotics have shown beneficial effects on fish growth, nutrient metabolism, immune responses, disease prevention and control, and gut microbiota with higher water quality. However, the identification and characterization of the molecules and mechanisms associated with probiotics is a challenge that requires investigation. To address this challenge, herein we used the zebrafish model for the study of the efficacy and mechanisms of probiotic interventions against tuberculosis. First, bacteria from fish gut microbiota were identified with high content of the surface glycotope Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) that has been shown to induce protective immune responses. The results showed that probiotics of selected bacteria with high α-Gal content, namely Aeromonas veronii and Pseudomonas entomophila, were biosafe and effective for the control of Mycobacterium marinum. Protective mechanisms regulating immunity and metabolism activated in response to α-Gal and probiotics with high α-Gal content included modification of gut microbiota composition, B-cell maturation, anti-α-Gal antibodies-mediated control of mycobacteria, induced innate immune responses, beneficial effects on nutrient metabolism and reduced oxidative stress. These results support the potential of probiotics with high -Gal content for the control of fish mycobacteriosis and suggested the possibility of exploring the development of combined probiotic treatments alone and in combination with -Gal for the control of infectious diseases.
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13
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Tick-human interactions: from allergic klendusity to the α-Gal syndrome. Biochem J 2021; 478:1783-1794. [PMID: 33988703 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ticks and the pathogens they transmit, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helminths, constitute a growing burden for human and animal health worldwide. The ability of some animal species to acquire resistance to blood-feeding by ticks after a single or repeated infestation is known as acquired tick resistance (ATR). This resistance has been associated to tick-specific IgE response, the generation of skin-resident memory CD4+ T cells, basophil recruitment, histamine release, and epidermal hyperplasia. ATR has also been associated with protection to tick-borne tularemia through allergic klendusity, a disease-escaping ability produced by the development of hypersensitivity to an allergen. In addition to pathogen transmission, tick infestation in humans is associated with the α-Gal syndrome (AGS), a type of allergy characterized by an IgE response against the carbohydrate Galα1-3Gal (α-Gal). This glycan is present in tick salivary proteins and on the surface of tick-borne pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agents of Lyme disease and granulocytic anaplasmosis. Most α-Gal-sensitized individuals develop IgE specific against this glycan, but only a small fraction develop the AGS. This review summarizes our current understanding of ATR and its impact on the continuum α-Gal sensitization, allergy, and the AGS. We propose that the α-Gal-specific IgE response in humans is an evolutionary adaptation associated with ATR and allergic klendusity with the trade-off of developing AGS.
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14
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de la Fuente J. Translational biotechnology for the control of ticks and tick-borne diseases. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101738. [PMID: 34023540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBD) represent a challenge for human and animal health worldwide. Climate change, distribution of tick hosts, and ecological and anthropogenically-induced changes contribute to the geographic expansion of ticks and tick-borne pathogens. Traditional control methods are based on the use of acaricides to reduce tick infestations, but vaccines represent a more effective, sustainable and environmentally sound approach for the control of ticks and TBD. Recent application of omics technologies to the study of the mechanisms involved in tick-host-pathogen interactions have advanced the characterization of molecular mechanisms involved in TBD and the identification of candidate vaccine protective antigens. However, as discussed in this opinion paper, translational biotechnology may translate into novel interventions required to advance in addressing the challenge that ticks and TBD represent for world health and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de la Fuente
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA..
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15
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Pacheco I, Fernández de Mera IG, Feo Brito F, Gómez Torrijos E, Villar M, Contreras M, Lima-Barbero JF, Doncel-Pérez E, Cabezas-Cruz A, Gortázar C, de la Fuente J. Characterization of the anti-α-Gal antibody profile in association with Guillain-Barré syndrome, implications for tick-related allergic reactions. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101651. [PMID: 33465663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Humans evolved by losing the capacity to synthesize the glycan Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal), which resulted in the capacity to develop a protective response mediated by anti-α-Gal IgM/IgG antibodies against pathogens containing this modification on membrane proteins. As an evolutionary trade-off, humans can develop the alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS), a recently diagnosed disease mainly associated with allergic reactions to mammalian meat consumption. The etiology of the AGS is the exposure to tick bites and the IgE antibody response against α-Gal-containing glycoproteins and glycolipids. The objective of this study was to characterize the anti-α-Gal antibody response in association with the immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and compare it with different factors known to modulate the antibody response to α-Gal such as exposure to tick bites and development of allergic reactions in response to tick bites. The results showed a significant decrease in the IgM/IgG response to α-Gal in GBS patients when compared to healthy individuals. In contrast, the IgM/IgG levels to α-Gal did not change in patients with allergic reactions to tick bites. The IgE response was not affected in GBS patients, but as expected, the IgE levels significantly increased in individuals exposed to tick bites and patients with tick-associated allergies. These results suggest that the immune pathways of anti-α-Gal IgM/IgG and IgE production are independent. Further studies should consider the susceptibility to allergic reactions to tick bites in GBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Pacheco
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Isabel G Fernández de Mera
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Feo Brito
- Allergy Section, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Calle Obispo Rafael Torija s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elisa Gómez Torrijos
- Allergy Section, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Calle Obispo Rafael Torija s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marinela Contreras
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Francisco Lima-Barbero
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Química Neuro-Regenerativa, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, 94700, France
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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16
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la Fuente JD, Gortázar C, Cabezas-Cruz A. Immunity to glycan α-Gal and possibilities for the control of COVID-19. Immunotherapy 2020; 13:185-188. [PMID: 33307805 PMCID: PMC7735019 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José de la Fuente
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
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17
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de la Fuente J, Urra JM, Contreras M, Pacheco I, Ferreras-Colino E, Doncel-Pérez E, Fernández de Mera IG, Villar M, Cabrera CM, Gómez Hernando C, Vargas Baquero E, Blanco García J, Rodríguez Gómez J, Velayos Galán A, Feo Brito F, Gómez Torrijos E, Cabezas-Cruz A, Gortázar C. A dataset for the analysis of antibody response to glycan alpha-Gal in individuals with immune-mediated disorders. F1000Res 2020; 9:1366. [PMID: 34408852 PMCID: PMC8361808 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27495.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans evolved by losing the capacity to synthesize the glycan Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal), which resulted in the development of a protective response mediated by anti-α-Gal IgM/IgG/IgA antibodies against pathogens containing this modification on membrane proteins. As an evolutionary trade-off, humans can develop the alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS), a recently diagnosed disease mediated by anti-α-Gal IgE antibodies and associated with allergic reactions to mammalian meat consumption and tick bites. However, the anti-α-Gal antibody response may be associated with other immune-mediated disorders such as those occurring in patients with COVID-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Here, we provide a dataset (209 entries) on the IgE/IgM/IgG/IgA anti-α-Gal antibody response in healthy individuals and patients diagnosed with AGS, tick-borne allergies, GBS and COVID-19. The data allows correlative analyses of the anti-α-Gal antibody response with factors such as patient and clinical characteristics, record of tick bites, blood group, age and sex. These analyses could provide insights into the role of anti-α-Gal antibody response in disease symptomatology and possible protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - José Miguel Urra
- Immunology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - Marinela Contreras
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Iván Pacheco
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - Elisa Ferreras-Colino
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | | | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - Carmen M. Cabrera
- Immunology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Vargas Baquero
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco García
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez Gómez
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - Alberto Velayos Galán
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, 13600, Spain
| | - Francisco Feo Brito
- Allergy Section, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - Elisa Gómez Torrijos
- Allergy Section, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, 94700, France
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
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18
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de la Fuente J, Urra JM, Contreras M, Pacheco I, Ferreras-Colino E, Doncel-Pérez E, Fernández de Mera IG, Villar M, Cabrera CM, Gómez Hernando C, Vargas Baquero E, Blanco García J, Rodríguez Gómez J, Velayos Galán A, Feo Brito F, Gómez Torrijos E, Cabezas-Cruz A, Gortázar C. A dataset for the analysis of antibody response to glycan alpha-Gal in individuals with immune-mediated disorders. F1000Res 2020; 9:1366. [PMID: 34408852 PMCID: PMC8361808 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27495.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans evolved by losing the capacity to synthesize the glycan Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal), which resulted in the development of a protective response mediated by anti-α-Gal IgM/IgG/IgA antibodies against pathogens containing this modification on membrane proteins. As an evolutionary trade-off, humans can develop the alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS), a recently diagnosed disease mediated by anti-α-Gal IgE antibodies and associated with allergic reactions to mammalian meat consumption and tick bites. However, the anti-α-Gal antibody response may be associated with other immune-mediated disorders such as those occurring in patients with COVID-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Here, we provide a dataset (209 entries) on the IgE/IgM/IgG/IgA anti-α-Gal antibody response in healthy individuals and patients diagnosed with AGS, tick-borne allergies, GBS and COVID-19. The data allows correlative analyses of the anti-α-Gal antibody response with factors such as patient and clinical characteristics, record of tick bites, blood group, age and sex. These analyses could provide insights into the role of anti-α-Gal antibody response in disease symptomatology and possible protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - José Miguel Urra
- Immunology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - Marinela Contreras
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Iván Pacheco
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - Elisa Ferreras-Colino
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | | | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - Carmen M. Cabrera
- Immunology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Vargas Baquero
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco García
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez Gómez
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - Alberto Velayos Galán
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, 13600, Spain
| | - Francisco Feo Brito
- Allergy Section, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - Elisa Gómez Torrijos
- Allergy Section, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, 94700, France
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
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19
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Fernando DD, Fischer K. Proteases and pseudoproteases in parasitic arthropods of clinical importance. FEBS J 2020; 287:4284-4299. [PMID: 32893448 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic arthropods feed on blood or skin tissue and share comparable repertoires of proteases involved in haematophagy, digestion, egg development and immunity. While proteolytically active proteases of multiple classes dominate, an increasing number of pseudoproteases have been discovered that have no proteolytic function but are pharmacologically active biomolecules, evolved to carry out alternative functions as regulatory, antihaemostatic, anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory compounds. In this review, we provide an overview of proteases and pseudoproteases from clinically important arthropod parasites. Many of these act in central biological pathways of parasite survival and host-parasite interaction and may be potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepani Darshika Fernando
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Katja Fischer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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20
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Chandrasekhar JL, Cox KM, Erickson LD. B Cell Responses in the Development of Mammalian Meat Allergy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1532. [PMID: 32765532 PMCID: PMC7379154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of meat allergic patients have shown that eating meat poses a serious acute health risk that can induce severe cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and respiratory reactions. Allergic reactions in affected individuals following meat consumption are mediated predominantly by IgE antibodies specific for galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), a blood group antigen of non-primate mammals and therefore present in dietary meat. α-gal is also found within certain tick species and tick bites are strongly linked to meat allergy. Thus, it is thought that exposure to tick bites promotes cutaneous sensitization to tick antigens such as α-gal, leading to the development of IgE-mediated meat allergy. The underlying immune mechanisms by which skin exposure to ticks leads to the production of α-gal-specific IgE are poorly understood and are key to identifying novel treatments for this disease. In this review, we summarize the evidence of cutaneous exposure to tick bites and the development of mammalian meat allergy. We then provide recent insights into the role of B cells in IgE production in human patients with mammalian meat allergy and in a novel mouse model of meat allergy. Finally, we discuss existing data more generally focused on tick-mediated immunomodulation, and highlight possible mechanisms for how cutaneous exposure to tick bites might affect B cell responses in the skin and gut that contribute to loss of oral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Chandrasekhar
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kelly M Cox
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Loren D Erickson
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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21
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de la Fuente J, Cabezas-Cruz A, Pacheco I. Alpha-gal syndrome: challenges to understanding sensitization and clinical reactions to alpha-gal. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:905-911. [PMID: 32628573 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1792781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The α-Gal syndrome (AGS) is a type of allergy characterized by an IgE antibody response against the carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal). Tick bites are recognized as the most important cause of anti-α-Gal IgE antibody increase in humans. Several risk factors have been associated with the development of AGS, but their integration into a standardized disease diagnosis has proven challenging. AREAS COVERED Herein we discuss the current AGS diagnosis based on anti-α-Gal IgE titers and propose an algorithm that considers all co-factors in the clinical history of α-Gal-sensitized patients to be incorporated into the AGS diagnosis. The need for identification of host-derived gene markers and tick-derived proteins for the diagnosis of the AGS is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The current AGS diagnosis based on anti-α-Gal IgE titers has limitations because not all patients sensitized to α-Gal and with anti-α-Gal IgE antibodies higher than the cutoff (0.35 IU/ml) develop anaphylaxis to mammalian meat and AGS. The basophil activation test proposed to differentiate between patients with AGS and asymptomatic α-Gal sensitization cannot be easily implemented as a generalized clinical test. In coming years, the algorithm proposed here could be used in a mobile application for easier AGS diagnosis in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de la Fuente
- SaBio. Instituto De Investigación En Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM , Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater OK, USA
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est , Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Iván Pacheco
- SaBio. Instituto De Investigación En Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM , Ciudad Real, Spain
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22
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Pacheco I, Contreras M, Villar M, Risalde MA, Alberdi P, Cabezas-Cruz A, Gortázar C, de la Fuente J. Vaccination with Alpha-Gal Protects Against Mycobacterial Infection in the Zebrafish Model of Tuberculosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E195. [PMID: 32344637 PMCID: PMC7348772 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS) is associated with tick bites that can induce in humans high levels of IgE antibodies against the carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) present in glycoproteins and glycolipids from tick saliva that mediate primarily delayed anaphylaxis to mammalian meat consumption. It has been proposed that humans evolved by losing the capacity to synthesize α-Gal to increase the protective immune response against pathogens with this modification on their surface. This evolutionary adaptation suggested the possibility of developing vaccines and other interventions to induce the anti-α-Gal IgM/IgG protective response against pathogen infection and multiplication. However, the protective effect of the anti-α-Gal immune response for the control of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium spp. has not been explored. To address the possibility of using vaccination with α-Gal for the control of tuberculosis, in this study, we used the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum model. The results showed that vaccination with α-Gal protected against mycobacteriosis in the zebrafish model of tuberculosis and provided evidence on the protective mechanisms in response to vaccination with α-Gal. These mechanisms included B-cell maturation, antibody-mediated opsonization of mycobacteria, Fc-receptor (FcR)-mediated phagocytosis, macrophage response, interference with the α-Gal antagonistic effect of the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB)-mediated immune response, and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results provided additional evidence supporting the role of the α-Gal-induced immune response in the control of infections caused by pathogens with this modification on their surface and the possibility of using this approach for the control of multiple infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Pacheco
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (I.P.); (M.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Marinela Contreras
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (I.P.); (M.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (I.P.); (M.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (C.G.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Angeles Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Pilar Alberdi
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (I.P.); (M.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (I.P.); (M.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (C.G.)
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (I.P.); (M.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (C.G.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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