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Cobaschi M, Loghin II, Dorobăț VD, Silvaș G, Rusu ȘA, Hârtie V, Aramă V. Ophthalmological Manifestations in People with HIV from Northeastern Romania. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1605. [PMID: 37763724 PMCID: PMC10536229 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Although ocular disorders can occasionally impact people with HIV over the course of their illness, HIV/AIDS is unmistakably a multisystem disorder. A physician can rule out a wide range of ophthalmic problems with the assistance of an ophthalmologist, from adnexal disorders to posterior segment diseases, including those affecting the optic tract and optic nerve. Materials and Methods: Based on patient medical data from the "St. Parascheva" Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Iasi, we carried out a retrospective clinical investigation on patients with HIV/AIDS and ophthalmological conditions who were hospitalized in northeastern Romania. We seek to draw attention to the characteristics and ophthalmological comorbidities of HIV/AIDS patients. The studied period was between 1 January 1991 and 31 December 2022. Results: There were a total of 38 recorded cases of ophthalmological manifestations in the HIV-infected patients. The research group's average age was 37.31 years old (standard deviation 9.5693917). Males were primarily impacted, having lower total CD4+ T-lymphocyte levels based on sex and CD4+ T-lymphocyte levels overall. The HIV viral load was 999 268.13 copies/mL on average (standard deviation 1,653,722.9). Of all the patients, we found out that 17 had congenital eye diseases (44.73%) and the others (21, 55.26%) developed ophthalmological diseases. CMV Retinitis was found most frequently, in eight patients (21.05%), followed by Myopia in seven patients (18.42%). Conclusions: The key to the management of HIV-positive patients is a multidisciplinary approach and access to antiretroviral therapy. Anyone who is HIV-positive and experiences ocular symptoms at any time should be directed to seek professional ophthalmologic treatment as soon as feasible. A therapeutic holdup could result in irreversible vision loss. Long-term coordination is required to combat this disease, improving communication between the ophthalmology and infectious disease fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Cobaschi
- Faculty of Medicine/Clinical II Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", 021105 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Isabela Ioana Loghin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, "St. Parascheva" Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania
| | - Victor Daniel Dorobăț
- Faculty of Medicine/Clinical II Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Emergency, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Silvaș
- Department of Infectious Diseases, "St. Parascheva" Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania
| | - Șerban Alin Rusu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, "St. Parascheva" Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vlad Hârtie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Intensive Care, Clinical Hospital of Emergency "Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu", 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Victoria Aramă
- Faculty of Medicine/Clinical II Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", 021105 Bucharest, Romania
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Liang X, An H, He H, Shen B, Ou Z, Li L. Comparison of two different intravitreal treatment regimens combined with systemic antiviral therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. AIDS Res Ther 2023; 20:46. [PMID: 37452370 PMCID: PMC10347846 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-023-00543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and injection frequency of intravitreal low-dose vs. intermediate-dose ganciclovir therapy in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients exhibiting cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR). METHODS A prospective, single-centre, double-blinded, randomized controlled interventional study was conducted. Fifty patients with a total of 67 included eyes were randomly divided into low-dose (0.4 mg ganciclovir per week) and intermediate-dose (1.0 mg ganciclovir per week) groups. The primary clinical outcomes were the changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to the end of treatment and the 12-month follow-up visit as well as the number of intravitreal injections. RESULTS In both groups, the median BCVA, expressed as the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), improved significantly from baseline to the end of treatment (both p < 0.001), while vision loss from CMVR continued to occur at the 12-month visit. The mean number of injections was 5.8 in the low-dose group and 5.4 in the intermediate-dose group. No significant differences were detected between the two groups (p > 0.05). Regarding the location of CMVR, we found that Zone I lesions led to a worse visual outcome, more injections and a higher occurrence rate of complications than lesions in other zones (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The efficacy and frequency of injections to treat CMVR in AIDS patients were not significantly different between low and intermediate doses. Zone I lesions were associated with a worse visual outcome, more injections and a higher occurrence rate of CMVR-related complications than lesions in other zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liang
- Department of Fundus Disease, Nanning Aier Eye Hospital, Nanning City, China
| | - Hongmei An
- Department of Fundus Disease, Nanning Aier Eye Hospital, Nanning City, China
| | - Huawei He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fourth Hospital of Nanning, Nanning City, China
| | - Baiyun Shen
- Department of Fundus Disease, Nanning Aier Eye Hospital, Nanning City, China
| | - Zuguo Ou
- Department of Fundus Disease, Nanning Aier Eye Hospital, Nanning City, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Fundus Disease, Nanning Aier Eye Hospital, Nanning City, China.
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Zhao Q, Li NN, Chen YX, Zhao XY. Clinical features of Cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and efficacy of the current therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1107237. [PMID: 37305416 PMCID: PMC10254806 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1107237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) is the most common and sight-threatening opportunistic retinal infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and several controversies remain to be settled. We aimed to summarize the current evidence and clarify the clinical features and prognosis of CMVR in AIDS patients. Methods The databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Ovid from inception to April 2022 were searched to identify the relevant studies. R software version 3.6.3 was used to perform the statistical analyses. Results in proportion with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the Freeman-Tukey variant of arcsine square transformation. Results We finally included 236 studies comprising 20,214 patients. CMVR in AIDS was male-dominated (88%, 95%CI 86%-89%), with 57% (95%CI 55%-60%) aged <41 years and 44% (95%CI 41%-47%) being bilaterally involved. CMVR was preponderant in AIDS patients with the following characteristics: white and non-Hispanic, homosexual, HIV RNA load ≥ 400 copies/mL, and CD4+ T-cells <50 cells/μL. The positivity of CMV-DNA in blood, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor was 66% (95%CI 52%-79%), 87% (95%CI 76%-96%), and 95% (95%CI 85%-100%), respectively. The most common symptoms were blurred vision (55%, 95%CI 46%-65%), followed by asymptomatic, visual field defect, and floaters. CMVR was first diagnosed and regarded as the clue to AIDS diagnosis in 9% (95%CI 6%-13%) of CMVR patients. Approximately 85% (95%CI 76%-93%) of the CMVR patients have received cART. CMVR remission was observed in 72%-92% of patients depending on the specific category of anti-CMV therapy. The general incidence of CMVR-related RD in the entire course was 24% (95%CI 18%-29%), of which most patients received PPV with SO or gas tamponade and the rate of anatomic success was 89% (95%CI 85%-93%). Conclusion CMVR is a common opportunistic infection with diverse clinical features in AIDS patients, preponderant in those who are male, homosexual, or with CD4+ T-cells <50 cells/μL. Current therapies for CMVR and CMVR-related RD were shown to be effective. Early detection and routine ophthalmic screening should be promoted in AIDS patients. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022363105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning-ning Li
- Department of Operating Room, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - You-xin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-yu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination, and Human Herpesviruses Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020232. [PMID: 36851110 PMCID: PMC9963083 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several human herpesviruses. A common characteristic of infection by these viruses is latency, by which the virus assumes a non-replicative state, subverting the attentions of the host's immune response. In immunocompetent hosts, herpesviruses are immunologically controlled, although periodic virus shedding can occur. In situations where immunological control is lost, herpesviruses can reactivate and produce clinically apparent disease. It is now becoming apparent that COVID-19 or exposure to COVID-19 vaccines can exert several effects on the immune system. The pandemic of COVID-19 shows no sign of abating, with new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continuing to evolve. Several COVID-19 vaccines have been developed, and much of the world's population has either experienced COVID-19 or been vaccinated against it. There are an increasing number of reports of associations between herpesvirus infections or reactivations and COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination. For instance, a positive cytomegalovirus serostatus may indicate a greater likelihood of severe COVID-19, and herpes simplex virus reactivation may be linked to increased mortality. Epstein-Barr virus reactivation appears to be associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Finally, herpes zoster has been reported to be associated with COVID-19 vaccination. This brief narrative review will provide several insights into associations between herpesvirus infections or reactivations and COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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Bogoni G, Lucas Júnior RM, Reis Schneider GA, Castanheira de Souza NF, Carvalho MK, Marcusso RM, Vidal JE. Cytomegalovirus retinitis in hospitalized people living with HIV in the late antiretroviral therapy era in São Paulo, Brazil. Int J STD AIDS 2023; 34:48-53. [PMID: 36259434 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221135294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is scarce information on AIDS-related cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in middle-income countries. The objectives of this study were to identify the prevalence of active CMV retinitis in severely immunosuppressed people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and to describe its main features. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was carried out at a tertiary center in São Paulo, Brazil. We included hospitalized adults PLWHIV with CD4 count ≤100 cells/μL, ≥ one quantitation of CMV DNA in plasma, and indirect ophthalmoscopy evaluation. RESULTS Thirty-eight (21.6%) of 176 participants had at least an ophthalmoscopy diagnosis and only 3 (1.7%) individuals presented active CMV retinitis. All these participants were male, and retinitis was asymptomatic in 2 cases. Two participants had extraocular end-organ CMV disease and detectable CMV DNA in plasma. CONCLUSIONS These results show a low prevalence of active CMV retinitis in the evaluated population. However, 2 of 3 participants had asymptomatic active CMV retinitis and a fifth of participants had at least one ophthalmoscopy diagnosis, suggesting the need for routine ophthalmologic evaluation in hospitalized severely immunosuppressed PLWHIV. The profile of participants with active CMV retinitis was similar to that described in the pre-ART era and quantitation of CMV DNA in plasma was variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliane Bogoni
- Departamento de Infectologia, Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Kassab Carvalho
- Departamento de Infectologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Marcusso
- Departamento de Neurologia, Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Ernesto Vidal
- Departamento de Neurologia, Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM 49) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Su YT, Chen YJ, Lin CP, Hsieh YT, Yang CM, Chiu-Ang A, Yeh PT. CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AFFECTING CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS WITH OR WITHOUT HIV INFECTION. Retina 2023; 43:57-63. [PMID: 36161999 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the clinical features and outcomes of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in patients with HIV and non-HIV. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included all patients with CMVR in National Taiwan University Hospital from 2013 to 2018. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, CMVR recurrence, and overall survival were compared between the HIV and non-HIV groups. Generalized estimating equation models were implemented to analyze the risk factors of poor visual prognosis. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to investigate recurrence and survival. RESULTS A total of 66 patients (95 eyes) with CMVR were enrolled, with no significant differences between the HIV (41 patients; 61 eyes) and non-HIV (25 patients; 34 eyes) groups in initial/final visual acuity, lesion area, or viral loads. Poor visual outcome was associated with poor initial visual acuity, retinal detachment, and a higher plasma cytomegalovirus titer. The HIV group had significantly longer survival rate ( P = 0.033) and lower recurrence rate ( P = 0.01) than the non-HIV group, and it also presented with better prognosis in recurrence-free survival analysis ( P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Patients with CMVR without HIV had higher mortality and recurrence rates than the HIV group. Risk factors of poor visual outcome included poor initial visual acuity, retinal detachment, and a high plasma cytomegalovirus titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | - Chang-Ping Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Angelique Chiu-Ang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; and
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Du KF, Huang XJ, Chen C, Kong WJ, Xie LY, Dong HW, Wei WB. High Blood Cytomegalovirus Load Suggests Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in HIV/AIDS Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022; 30:1559-1563. [PMID: 34125650 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1905857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the cut off value of blood CMV load to indicate CMV retinitis and its relationships with ocular features. METHODS Patients were divided into non-CMV and CMV retinitis groups. A logistic regression model was applied to estimate the association of each variable with CMV retinitis. Spearman correlation was used to estimate the correlation between the blood and aqueous CMV load. RESULTS Blood CMV load higher than 4log10 (OR, 6.897; CI: 2.813-16.910; P < .001) was the major predictor of CMV retinitis. Blood CMV load wasn't different between the initial and early stage (P = .066). No correlation was observed between the blood and aqueous CMV load (P = .083, r = 0.228). CONCLUSIONS Blood CMV load higher than 4log10 is an important predictor for CMV retinitis in HIV/AIDS patients, but it couldn't indicate the ocular features. Ophthalmologic screening is still necessary.Abbreviations: CMV: Cytomegalovirus; CMVR: Cytomegalovirus retinitis; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; ART: Antiretroviral therapy; EOD: End-organ diseases; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; OR: Odds Ratio; CI: 95% Confidence Interval; IQR: Interquartile range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui-Fang Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lian-Yong Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Tian B, Sun J, Bai J, Zhang R, Liu J, Shen Y, Li C, Liu L, Chen J, Qi T, Lu H. Cytomegalovirus viremia is associated with poor outcomes in AIDS patients with disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. Biosci Trends 2021; 15:406-412. [PMID: 34588390 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2021.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Both cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia and disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease are common opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. Whether concurrent CMV viremia is associated with mortality in patients with AIDS and disseminated NTM disease is unknown. Subjects were patients with AIDS and disseminated NTM disease seen at a single center from January 2015 to April 2021. Data were retrospectively collected. Differences in demographics and clinical characteristics and hospitalization survival rates were compared between patients with disseminated NTM and with CMV viremia or not. Subjects were 113 AIDS patients with disseminated NTM who were seen at this Hospital from January 2015 to April 2021. Twenty-six of the patients had CMV viremia and 87 did not. The median age was 36 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29-42) and 108 patients were male (96%). The median CD4 count was 7 cells/µL (IQR 3-17). The median plasma CMV viral load was 9,245 IU/mL (IQR 3147-45725). The serum albumin of patients with CMV viremia was significantly lower than that of patients without CMV viremia (P = 0.03). Compared to patients without CMV viremia (81.6%), patients with CMV viremia had a significantly poorer prognosis (P = 0.01). Cox regression analysis indicated that the risk of a poor prognosis in patients with CMV viremia was 4.7 times higher than that in patients without CMV viremia (P = 0.003), and patients with CD8 more than 250/μL had a better prognosis (P = 0.02). CMV viremia increases the risk of a poor prognosis in patients with AIDS and a disseminated NTM infection. A routine CMV DNA test should be performed on patients with AIDS and disseminated NTM disease in order to reduce the risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinsong Bai
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongxi Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tangkai Qi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
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Jabbari MR, Soleimanjahi H, Shatizadeh Malekshahi S, Gholami M, Sadeghi L, Mohraz M. Frequency of Cytomegalovirus Viral Load in Iranian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Patients with CD4+ Counts <100 Cells/mm3. Intervirology 2021; 64:135-139. [PMID: 33789308 DOI: 10.1159/000514385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of present work was to assess cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients with a CD4+ count <100 cells/mm3 and to explore whether CMV DNA loads correlate with CD4+ cell counts or associated retinitis. METHODS This study was conducted at the AIDS research center in Iran on HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ count <100 cells/mm3, antiretroviral therapy-naive, aged ≥18 years with no previous history of CMV end-organ disease (CMV-EOD). RESULTS Thirty-nine of 82 patients (47.56%) had detectable CMV viral load ranging from 66 to 485,500 IU/mL. CMV viral load in patients with retinitis ranges from 352 to 2,720 IU/mL, and it was undetectable in 2 patients. No significant associations between CMV viremia and CD4+ cell count was found (p value = 0.31), whereas significant association of CMV viremia in HIV-infected patients with retinitis was found (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS We estimated the frequency of CMV viral load infection in Iranian HIV-1-infected patients with a CD4+ cell count <100 mm3/mL in the largest national referral center for HIV-1 infection in Iran. Further research is required on the relevance of CMV viral load in diagnostic and prognostic value of CMV-EOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Jabbari
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Gholami
- Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Iranian Research Center For HIV/AIDS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Sadeghi
- Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Iranian Research Center For HIV/AIDS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Mohraz
- Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Iranian Research Center For HIV/AIDS, Tehran, Iran
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