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Chepchumba B, Asudi GO, Katana J, Ngayo MO, Khayeli JA. Isolation of phages against Streptococcus species in the oral cavity for potential control of dental diseases and associated systemic complications. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:175. [PMID: 38493441 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Dental infections and systemic complications caused by Streptococcus species in the oral cavity are increasingly exhibiting resistance to commonly used antibiotics, posing a potential threat to global public health. Phage therapy may offer a superior alternative, given that bacteriophages can be easily isolated and rapidly replicate in large numbers. In this study, six Streptococcus species from the oral cavity were characterized. Bacteriophages isolated from wastewater using five of these species as hosts produced plaques ranging from 0.2 to 2.4 mm in size. The phages demonstrated stability within a temperature range of 4 ℃ to 37 ℃. However, at temperatures exceeding 45 ℃, a noticeable reduction in bacteriophage titer was observed. Similarly, the phages showed greater stability within a pH range of 5 to 10. The isolated phages exhibited latency periods ranging from 15 to 20 min and had burst sizes varying from 10 to 200 viral particles. This study supports the potential use of bacteriophages in controlling infections caused by Streptococcus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Chepchumba
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - George O Asudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Japhet Katana
- Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Musa O Ngayo
- Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Bontempo A, Chirino A, Heidari A, Lugo A, Shindo S, Pastore MR, Antonson SA, Godoy C, Nichols FC, Potempa J, Davey ME, Kawai T, Cayabyab MJ. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection by Porphyromonas gingivalis and the oral microbiome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582258. [PMID: 38464164 PMCID: PMC10925342 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic persists despite the availability of vaccines, and it is therefore crucial to develop new therapeutic and preventive approaches. In this study, we investigated the potential role of the oral microbiome in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using an in vitro SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection assay, we found a potent inhibitory effect exerted by Porphyromonas gingivalis on SARS-CoV-2 infection mediated by known P. gingivalis compounds such as phosphoglycerol dihydroceramide (PGDHC) and gingipains as well as by unknown bacterial factors. We found that the gingipain-mediated inhibition of infection is likely due to cytotoxicity, while PGDHC inhibited virus infection by an unknown mechanism. Unidentified factors present in P. gingivalis supernatant inhibited SARS-CoV-2 likely via the fusion step of the virus life cycle. We addressed the role of other oral bacteria and found certain periodontal pathogens capable of inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection by inducing cytotoxicity on target cells. In the human oral cavity, we observed the modulatory activity of oral microbial communities varied among individuals in that some saliva-based cultures were capable of inhibiting while others were enhancing infection. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex relationship between the oral microbiome and viral infections, offering potential avenues for innovative therapeutic strategies in combating COVID-19.
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Brzychczy-Sroka B, Talaga-Ćwiertnia K, Sroka-Oleksiak A, Gurgul A, Zarzecka-Francica E, Ostrowski W, Kąkol J, Drożdż K, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Zarzecka J. Standardization of the protocol for oral cavity examination and collecting of the biological samples for microbiome research using the next-generation sequencing (NGS): own experience with the COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3717. [PMID: 38355866 PMCID: PMC10867075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, publications have shown that compositions of oral microbiota differ depending on their habitats (e.g. tongue, tonsils, pharynx). The absence of set standards for the choice of the areas and conditions of material collection makes the oral microbiome one of the most difficult environments for a comparative analysis with other researchers, which is a meaningful limitation during an assessment of the potential effects of microorganisms as biomarkers in the courses of various human diseases. Therefore, standardisation of basic conditions of a dental examination and collection of material for the next generation sequencing (NGS) is worth attempting. The standardisation of the dental exam and collection of the clinical materials: saliva, swab from the tongue ridge, hard palate, palatine tonsils and oropharynx, supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque. Protocol involved the patients (n = 60), assigned to 3 groups: I-COVID-19 convalescents who received antibiotics, n = 17, II-COVID-19 convalescents, n = 23 and III-healthy individuals, n = 20. The collected biological samples were used to conduct NGS (16S rRNA). The conditions of patient preparation for collecting biological materials as well as the schedule of dental examination, were proposed. Based on the research conducted, we have indicated the dental indicators that best differentiate the group of COVID-19 patients (groups I and II) from healthy people (group III). These include the DMFT, D and BOP indices. The use of alpha and beta diversity analysis provided an overall insight into the diversity of microbial communities between specific niches and patient groups. The most different diversity between the studied group of patients (group II) and healthy people (group III) was noted in relation to the supragingival plaque. The order of activities during the dental exam as well as while collecting and securing clinical materials is particularly important to avoid technical errors and material contamination which may result in erroneous conclusions from the analyses of the results of sensitive tests such as the NGS. It has been shown that the dental indices: DMFT, D number, PI and BOP are the best prognostic parameters to assess the oral health. Based on beta diversity the most sensitive niche and susceptible to changes in the composition of the microbiota is the supragingival plaque. The procedures developed by our team can be applied as ready-to-use forms in studies conducted by other researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brzychczy-Sroka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Talaga-Ćwiertnia
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Sroka-Oleksiak
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Gurgul
- Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Zarzecka-Francica
- Department of Prosthodontics and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Ostrowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Kąkol
- University Hospital in Cracow, Temporary COVID Ward No. 1, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Drożdż
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Zarzecka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Chu XJ, Song DD, Zhou MH, Chen XZ, Chu N, Li M, Li BZ, Liu SH, Hou S, Wu JB, Gong L. Perturbations in gut and respiratory microbiota in COVID-19 and influenza patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1301312. [PMID: 38405190 PMCID: PMC10884097 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1301312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)/influenza poses unprecedented challenges to the global economy and healthcare services. Numerous studies have described alterations in the microbiome of COVID-19/influenza patients, but further investigation is needed to understand the relationship between the microbiome and these diseases. Herein, through systematic comparison between COVID-19 patients, long COVID-19 patients, influenza patients, no COVID-19/influenza controls and no COVID-19/influenza patients, we conducted a comprehensive review to describe the microbial change of respiratory tract/digestive tract in COVID-19/influenza patients. Methods We systematically reviewed relevant literature by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to August 12, 2023. We conducted a comprehensive review to explore microbial alterations in patients with COVID-19/influenza. In addition, the data on α-diversity were summarized and analyzed by meta-analysis. Results A total of 134 studies comparing COVID-19 patients with controls and 18 studies comparing influenza patients with controls were included. The Shannon indices of the gut and respiratory tract microbiome were slightly decreased in COVID-19/influenza patients compared to no COVID-19/influenza controls. Meanwhile, COVID-19 patients with more severe symptoms also exhibited a lower Shannon index versus COVID-19 patients with milder symptoms. The intestinal microbiome of COVID-19 patients was characterized by elevated opportunistic pathogens along with reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs)-producing microbiota. Moreover, Enterobacteriaceae (including Escherichia and Enterococcus) and Lactococcus, were enriched in the gut and respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients. Conversely, Haemophilus and Neisseria showed reduced abundance in the respiratory tract of both COVID-19 and influenza patients. Conclusion In this systematic review, we identified the microbiome in COVID-19/influenza patients in comparison with controls. The microbial changes in influenza and COVID-19 are partly similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Jie Chu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dan-Dan Song
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu-Zhi Chen
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Na Chu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Song-Hui Liu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Sai Hou
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Bing Wu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Bayardo-González RA, Peña-Rodríguez M, Pereira-Suárez AL, Rubio-Sánchez AX, García-Chagollán M, Valenzuela-Orozco DN, Lizarazo-Taborda MDR, Mora-Mora J, Vega-Magaña N. Insights into estrogen impact in oral health & microbiome in COVID-19. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:32. [PMID: 38245675 PMCID: PMC10799413 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 and has occasioned more than 765 millions cumulative cases and 6.9 millions of deaths globally. Notably, around 70% of patients with severe COVID-19 are men. Therefore, it is to be presumed that women have a hormonal protector factor in inflammation and ACE2 expression. On the other hand, oral health status, and local microbiome can be key factors to respiratory viral infections control. Nevertheless, it has been poorly investigated. In our study 20 premenopausal, 18 postmenopausal and 22 men with COVID-19 were included. Oral health status, viral load, lingual ACE2 expression, as well as microbiome, estrogens and cytokines in saliva were analyzed. RESULTS Our results showed a lower expression of ACE2 in tongue cells of postmenopausal compared with premenopausal (p = 0.05), and a strong negative correlation between saliva estrogen and viral load (r = -0.76; p = 0.001). Respect to IFN-γ (p = 0.05), IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-23 levels were increased in postmenopausal. Oral microbiome signature of premenopausal was characterized by Prevotella melaninogenica (Log2 = 26.68; p = 1.34e-10), Haemophilus (Log2 = 23.99; p = 2.96e-9), and Alloprevotella (Log2 = 7.92; p = 0.0001). On the other hand, Leptotrichia (Log2 = -18.74; p = 0.001), Tanerella (Log2 = -17.08; p = 0.004), and Clostridiales (Log2 = -2.88; p = 0.04) represented the poor oral health group compared with the adequate group which was enriched with the commensal microorganism Neisseria perflava (Log2 = 26.70; p = 1.74e-7). Furthermore, the high viral load group was characterized by Prevotella nanceiensis (Log2 = 19.60; p = 6.06e-8), Prevotella melaninogenica (Log2 = 21.45; p = 9.59e-6), Alloprevotella (Log2 = 23.50; p = 2.70e-7) and bacteria from the red complex Porphyromonas endodentalis (Log2 = 21.97; p = 1.38e-7). CONCLUSIONS Postmenopausal and men have a poor oral health status which could be related to a detrimental progression of COVID-19 also linked to a lower expression of ACE2, lower saliva estrogen levels and oral dysbiosis. Nevertheless, functional studies are required for a deeper knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alberto Bayardo-González
- Programa de Doctorado en Microbiología Médica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud (CUCS) Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Marcela Peña-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes (LaDEER), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Colonia Independencia Oriente, Guadalajara, Jalisco, CP. 44340, México
| | - Alina Xcaret Rubio-Sánchez
- Programa de Maestría en Microbiología Médica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mariel García-Chagollán
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Colonia Independencia Oriente, Guadalajara, Jalisco, CP. 44340, México
| | | | | | - Jesús Mora-Mora
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes (LaDEER), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Natali Vega-Magaña
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes (LaDEER), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Colonia Independencia Oriente, Guadalajara, Jalisco, CP. 44340, México.
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Banks JM, Capistrano KJ, Brandini DA, Zaidi F, Thakkar P, Rahat R, Schwartz J, Naqvi AR. Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases. Pathogens 2024; 13:58. [PMID: 38251365 PMCID: PMC10819702 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a niche for diverse microbes, including viruses. Members of the Herpesviridae family, comprised of dsDNA viruses, as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an ssRNA virus, are among the most prevalent viruses infecting the oral cavity, and they exhibit clinical manifestations unique to oral tissues. Viral infection of oral mucosal epithelia triggers an immune response that results in prolonged inflammation. The clinical and systemic disease manifestations of HHV have been researched extensively, and several recent studies have illuminated the relationship between HHV and oral inflammatory diseases. Burgeoning evidence suggests the oral manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection includes xerostomia, dysgeusia, periodontal disease, mucositis, and opportunistic viral and bacterial infections, collectively described as oral post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). These diverse sequelae could be a result of intensified immune responses initially due to the copious production of proinflammatory cytokines: the so-called "cytokine storm syndrome", facilitating widespread oral and non-oral tissue damage. This review explores the interplay between HHV, SARS-CoV-2, and oral inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis, endodontic disease, and peri-implantitis. Additionally, the review discusses proper diagnostic techniques for identifying viral infection and how viral diagnostics can lead to improved overall patient health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Banks
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Kristelle J. Capistrano
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Daniela A. Brandini
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil;
| | - Filza Zaidi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Pari Thakkar
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Rani Rahat
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Afsar R. Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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