1
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Limbu S, McCloskey KE. An endothelial cell is not simply an endothelial cell. Stem Cells Dev 2024. [PMID: 39030822 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2024.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are a multifaceted component of the vascular system with roles in immunity, maintaining tissue-fluid balance, and vascular tone. Dysregulation or dysfunction of ECs can have far-reaching implications, leading pathologies ranging from cardiovascular diseases, like hypertension and atherosclerosis, ischemia, chronic kidney disease, blood-brain barrier integrity, dementia, and tumor metastasis. Recent advancements in regenerative medicine have highlighted the potential of stem cell-derived ECs, particularly from induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), to treat ischemic tissues, as well as models of vascular integrity. This review will summarize what is known in the generation of ECs with an emphasis on tissue-specific ECs and EC subphenotypes important in development of targeted cell-based therapies for patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwani Limbu
- University of California Merced, Graduate Program in Quantitative and Systems Biology, Merced, California, United States;
| | - Kara E McCloskey
- University of California Merced, School of Engineering, 5200 N Lake Rd, Merced, Merced, California, United States, 95343-5001;
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2
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Marder M, Remmert C, Perschel JA, Otgonbayar M, von Toerne C, Hauck S, Bushe J, Feuchtinger A, Sheikh B, Moussus M, Meier M. Stem cell-derived vessels-on-chip for cardiovascular disease modeling. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114008. [PMID: 38536819 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is accompanied by vascular complications. Human in vitro disease models are hence required to better understand vascular dysfunctions and guide clinical therapies. Here, we engineered an open microfluidic vessel-on-chip platform that integrates human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (SC-ECs). The open microfluidic design enables seamless integration with state-of-the-art analytical technologies, including single-cell RNA sequencing, proteomics by mass spectrometry, and high-resolution imaging. Beyond previous systems, we report SC-EC maturation by means of barrier formation, arterial toning, and high nitric oxide synthesis levels under gravity-driven flow. Functionally, we corroborate the hallmarks of early-onset atherosclerosis with low sample volumes and cell numbers under flow conditions by determining proteome and secretome changes in SC-ECs stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and free fatty acids. More broadly, our organ-on-chip platform enables the modeling of patient-specific human endothelial tissue and has the potential to become a general tool for animal-free vascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Marder
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Remmert
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julius A Perschel
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefanie Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Bushe
- Core Facility Pathology & Tissue Analytics, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Core Facility Pathology & Tissue Analytics, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bilal Sheikh
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Leipzig, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michel Moussus
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Meier
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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3
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Zakharova IS, Shevchenko AI, Arssan MA, Sleptcov AA, Nazarenko MS, Zarubin AA, Zheltysheva NV, Shevchenko VA, Tmoyan NA, Saaya SB, Ezhov MV, Kukharchuk VV, Parfyonova YV, Zakian SM. iPSC-Derived Endothelial Cells Reveal LDLR Dysfunction and Dysregulated Gene Expression Profiles in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:689. [PMID: 38255763 PMCID: PMC10815294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Defects in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) are associated with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), manifested by atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. LDLR deficiency in hepatocytes leads to elevated blood cholesterol levels, which damage vascular cells, especially endothelial cells, through oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the distinctions between endothelial cells from individuals with normal and defective LDLR are not yet fully understood. In this study, we obtained and examined endothelial derivatives of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated previously from conditionally healthy donors and compound heterozygous FH patients carrying pathogenic LDLR alleles. In normal iPSC-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs), we detected the LDLR protein predominantly in its mature form, whereas iPSC-ECs from FH patients have reduced levels of mature LDLR and show abolished low-density lipoprotein uptake. RNA-seq of mutant LDLR iPSC-ECs revealed a unique transcriptome profile with downregulated genes related to monocarboxylic acid transport, exocytosis, and cell adhesion, whereas upregulated signaling pathways were involved in cell secretion and leukocyte activation. Overall, these findings suggest that LDLR defects increase the susceptibility of endothelial cells to inflammation and oxidative stress. In combination with elevated extrinsic cholesterol levels, this may result in accelerated endothelial dysfunction, contributing to early progression of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular pathologies associated with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S. Zakharova
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.Z.); (A.I.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.V.Z.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Alexander I. Shevchenko
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.Z.); (A.I.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.V.Z.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Mhd Amin Arssan
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.Z.); (A.I.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.V.Z.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Aleksei A. Sleptcov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Science, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.A.S.); (M.S.N.); (A.A.Z.)
| | - Maria S. Nazarenko
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Science, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.A.S.); (M.S.N.); (A.A.Z.)
| | - Aleksei A. Zarubin
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Science, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.A.S.); (M.S.N.); (A.A.Z.)
| | - Nina V. Zheltysheva
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.Z.); (A.I.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.V.Z.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Vlada A. Shevchenko
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.Z.); (A.I.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.V.Z.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Narek A. Tmoyan
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.T.); (M.V.E.); (V.V.K.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Shoraan B. Saaya
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Marat V. Ezhov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.T.); (M.V.E.); (V.V.K.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Valery V. Kukharchuk
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.T.); (M.V.E.); (V.V.K.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Yelena V. Parfyonova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.T.); (M.V.E.); (V.V.K.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Suren M. Zakian
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.S.Z.); (A.I.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.V.Z.); (V.A.S.)
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4
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Murphy AR, Allenby MC. In vitro microvascular engineering approaches and strategies for interstitial tissue integration. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:114-130. [PMID: 37717711 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing gap between clinical demand for tissue or organ transplants and the availability of donated tissue highlights the emerging opportunities for lab-grown or synthetically engineered tissue. While the field of tissue engineering has existed for nearly half a century, its clinical translation remains unrealised, in part, due to a limited ability to engineer sufficient vascular supply into fabricated tissue, which is necessary to enable nutrient and waste exchange, prevent cellular necrosis, and support tissue proliferation. Techniques to develop anatomically relevant, functional vascular networks in vitro have made significant progress in the last decade, however, the challenge now remains as to how best incorporate these throughout dense parenchymal tissue-like structures to address diffusion-limited development and allow for the fabrication of large-scale vascularised tissue. This review explores advances made in the laboratory engineering of vasculature structures and summarises recent attempts to integrate vascular networks together with sophisticated in vitro avascular tissue and organ-like structures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The ability to grow full scale, functional tissue and organs in vitro is primarily limited by an inability to adequately diffuse oxygen and nutrients throughout developing cellularised structures, which generally results from the absence of perfusable vessel networks. Techniques to engineering both perfusable vascular networks and avascular miniaturised organ-like structures have recently increased in complexity, sophistication, and physiological relevance. However, integrating these two essential elements into a single functioning vascularised tissue structure represents a significant spatial and temporal engineering challenge which is yet to be surmounted. Here, we explore a range of vessel morphogenic phenomena essential for tissue-vascular co-development, as well as evaluate a range of recent noteworthy approaches for generating vascularised tissue products in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Murphy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4100, Australia
| | - M C Allenby
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4100, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Medical, Mechanical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
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5
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Rabino M, Sommariva E, Zacchigna S, Pompilio G. From bedside to the bench: patient-specific hiPSC-EC models uncover endothelial dysfunction in genetic cardiomyopathies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1237101. [PMID: 37538375 PMCID: PMC10394630 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1237101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic cardiomyopathies are a group of inherited disorders in which myocardial structure and function are damaged. Many of these pathologies are rare and present with heterogenous phenotypes, thus personalized models are required to completely uncover their pathological mechanisms and develop valuable therapeutic strategies. Both cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, differentiated from patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells, represent the most studied human cardiac cell models in the context of genetic cardiomyopathies. While endothelial dysfunction has been recognized as a possible pathogenetic mechanism, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells are less studied, despite they constitute a suitable model to specifically dissect the role of the dysfunctional endothelium in the development and progression of these pathologies. In this review, we summarize the main studies in which human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells are used to investigate endothelial dysfunction in genetic-based cardiomyopathies to highlight new potential targets exploitable for therapeutic intervention, and we discuss novel perspectives that encourage research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rabino
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino—IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino—IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Unit of Cardio-Oncology, Centro Cardiologico Monzino—IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino—IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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6
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Noh KM, Park SJ, Moon SH, Jung SY. Extracellular matrix cues regulate the differentiation of pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1169331. [PMID: 37435057 PMCID: PMC10330705 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1169331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of endothelial cells (ECs) from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has been a promising approach for treating cardiovascular diseases for several years. Human PSCs, particularly induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are an attractive source of ECs for cell therapy. Although there is a diversity of methods for endothelial cell differentiation using biochemical factors, such as small molecules and cytokines, the efficiency of EC production varies depending on the type and dose of biochemical factors. Moreover, the protocols in which most EC differentiation studies have been performed were in very unphysiological conditions that do not reflect the microenvironment of native tissue. The microenvironment surrounding stem cells exerts variable biochemical and biomechanical stimuli that can affect stem cell differentiation and behavior. The stiffness and components of the extracellular microenvironment are critical inducers of stem cell behavior and fate specification by sensing the extracellular matrix (ECM) cues, adjusting the cytoskeleton tension, and delivering external signals to the nucleus. Differentiation of stem cells into ECs using a cocktail of biochemical factors has been performed for decades. However, the effects of mechanical stimuli on endothelial cell differentiation remain poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the methods used to differentiate ECs from stem cells by chemical and mechanical stimuli. We also propose the possibility of a novel EC differentiation strategy using a synthetic and natural extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Mu Noh
- Stem Cell Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co. Ltd., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jung Park
- Stem Cell Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co. Ltd., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Yun Jung
- Stem Cell Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co. Ltd., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
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7
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Rothzerg E, Erber WN, Gibbons CLMH, Wood D, Xu J. Osteohematology: To be or Notch to be. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37269472 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteohematology is an emerging research field that studies the crosstalk between hematopoietic and bone stromal cells, to elucidate the mechanisms of hematological and skeletal malignancies and diseases. The Notch is an evolutionary conserved developmental signaling pathway, with critical roles in embryonic development by controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the Notch pathway is also critically involved in cancer initiation and progression, such as osteosarcoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. The Notch-mediated malignant cells dysregulate bone and bone marrow cells in the tumour microenvironment, resulting in disorders ranging from osteoporosis to bone marrow dysfunction. To date, the complex interplay of Notch signaling molecules in hematopoietic and bone stromal cells is still poorly understood. In this mini-review, we summarize the crosstalk between cells in bone and bone marrow and their influence under the Notch signaling pathway in physiological conditions and in tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Rothzerg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy N Erber
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher L M H Gibbons
- Orthopaedics Oncology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - David Wood
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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8
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Nazari H, Shrestha J, Naei VY, Bazaz SR, Sabbagh M, Thiery JP, Warkiani ME. Advances in TEER measurements of biological barriers in microphysiological systems. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 234:115355. [PMID: 37159988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological barriers are multicellular structures that precisely regulate the transport of ions, biomolecules, drugs, cells, and other organisms. Transendothelial/epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a label-free method for predicting the properties of biological barriers. Understanding the mechanisms that control TEER significantly enhances our knowledge of the physiopathology of different diseases and aids in the development of new drugs. Measuring TEER values within microphysiological systems called organ-on-a-chip devices that simulate the microenvironment, architecture, and physiology of biological barriers in the body provides valuable insight into the behavior of barriers in response to different drugs and pathogens. These integrated systems should increase the accuracy, reproducibility, sensitivity, resolution, high throughput, speed, cost-effectiveness, and reliable predictability of TEER measurements. Implementing advanced micro and nanoscale manufacturing techniques, surface modification methods, biomaterials, biosensors, electronics, and stem cell biology is necessary for integrating TEER measuring systems with organ-on-chip technology. This review focuses on the applications, advantages, and future perspectives of integrating organ-on-a-chip technology with TEER measurement methods for studying biological barriers. After briefly reviewing the role of TEER in the physiology and pathology of barriers, standard techniques for measuring TEER, including Ohm's law and impedance spectroscopy, and commercially available devices are described. Furthermore, advances in TEER measurement are discussed in multiple barrier-on-a-chip system models representing different organs. Finally, we outline future trends in implementing advanced technologies to design and fabricate nanostructured electrodes, complicated microfluidic chips, and membranes for more advanced and accurate TEER measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjatollah Nazari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jesus Shrestha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vahid Yaghoubi Naei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Milad Sabbagh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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9
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Weber J, Weber M, Feile A, Schlensak C, Avci-Adali M. Development of an In Vitro Blood Vessel Model Using Autologous Endothelial Cells Generated from Footprint-Free hiPSCs to Analyze Interactions of the Endothelium with Blood Cell Components and Vascular Implants. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091217. [PMID: 37174617 PMCID: PMC10177426 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. Vascular implants, such as stents, are required to treat arterial stenosis or dilatation. The development of innovative stent materials and coatings, as well as novel preclinical testing strategies, is needed to improve the bio- and hemocompatibility of current stents. In this study, a blood vessel-like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) model was established to analyze the interaction of an endothelium with vascular implants, as well as blood-derived cells, in vitro. Using footprint-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and subsequent differentiation, functional endothelial cells (ECs) expressing specific markers were generated and used to endothelialize an artificial PDMS lumen. The established model was used to demonstrate the interaction of the created endothelium with blood-derived immune cells, which also allowed for real-time imaging. In addition, a stent was inserted into the endothelialized lumen to analyze the surface endothelialization of stents. In the future, this blood vessel-like model could serve as an in vitro platform to test the influence of vascular implants and coatings on endothelialization and to analyze the interaction of the endothelium with blood cell components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Weber
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marbod Weber
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Feile
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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10
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Lindner M, Laporte A, Elomaa L, Lee-Thedieck C, Olmer R, Weinhart M. Flow-induced glycocalyx formation and cell alignment of HUVECs compared to iPSC-derived ECs for tissue engineering applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:953062. [PMID: 36133919 PMCID: PMC9483120 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.953062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of cellular in vitro models highly depends on their ability to mimic the physiological environment of the respective tissue or cell niche. Static culture conditions are often unsuitable, especially for endothelial models, since they completely neglect the physiological surface shear stress and corresponding reactions of endothelial cells (ECs) such as alignment in the direction of flow. Furthermore, formation and maturation of the glycocalyx, the essential polysaccharide layer covering all endothelial surfaces and regulating diverse processes, is highly dependent on applied fluid flow. This fragile but utterly important macromolecular layer is hard to analyze, its importance is often underestimated and accordingly neglected in many endothelial models. Therefore, we exposed human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs (iPSC-ECs) as two relevant EC models in a side-by-side comparison to static and physiological dynamic (6.6 dyn cm−2) culture conditions. Both cell types demonstrated an elongation and alignment along the flow direction, some distinct changes in glycocalyx composition on the surface regarding the main glycosaminoglycan components heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid as well as an increased and thereby improved glycocalyx thickness and functionality when cultured under homogeneous fluid flow. Thus, we were able to demonstrate the maturity of the employed iPSC-EC model regarding its ability to sense fluid flow along with the general importance of physiological shear stress for glycocalyx formation. Additionally, we investigated EC monolayer integrity with and without application of surface shear stress, revealing a comparable existence of tight junctions for all conditions and a reorganization of the cytoskeleton upon dynamic culture leading to an increased formation of focal adhesions. We then fabricated cell sheets of EC monolayers after static and dynamic culture via non-enzymatic detachment using thermoresponsive polymer coatings as culture substrates. In a first proof-of-concept we were able to transfer an aligned iPSC-EC sheet to a 3D-printed scaffold thereby making a step in the direction of vascular modelling. We envision these results to be a valuable contribution to improvements of in vitro endothelial models and vascular engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lindner
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Laporte
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Elomaa
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lee-Thedieck
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH–Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marie Weinhart, ,
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11
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Zhou P, Kang JL, Cheng QQ, Chen MT, Xie Y, Zhou H. Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine against atherosclerosis: Targeting trimethylamine N-oxide. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154305. [PMID: 35792446 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) level is highly correlated with the risk of atherosclerosis (AS), and the elevated level is significantly positively correlated with the incidence of AS. PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to offer a useful summary of the correlation between TMAO and AS, and the effect of herbal monomers, herbal extracts, and formulas on anti-atherosclerosis mediated by TMAO. METHOD The data contained in this article comes from PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. RESULTS This review discusses the main mechanism of AS induced by TMAO, including endothelial dysfunction, macrophage foaming, platelet reactivity, and cholesterol metabolism, and summarizes 6 herb monomers, 5 herb extracts, and 2 formulas that have been tested for their anti-TMAO activity. CONCLUSION The current understanding of possible ways to reduce TMAO generation is discussed, with the effect and potential of herb monomers, herb extracts, and formulas highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui, PR China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Jun-Li Kang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Qi-Qing Cheng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Ming-Tai Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangdong, PR China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangdong, PR China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, PR China.
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12
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Stanek E, Pacia MZ, Kaczor A, Czamara K. The distinct phenotype of primary adipocytes and adipocytes derived from stem cells of white adipose tissue as assessed by Raman and fluorescence imaging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:383. [PMID: 35752714 PMCID: PMC9233632 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopy-based analysis of chemical composition of cells is a tool still scarcely used in biological sciences, although it provides unique information about the cell identity accessible in vivo and in situ. Through time-lapse spectroscopic monitoring of adipogenesis in brown and white adipose tissue-derived stem cells we have demonstrated that considerable chemical and functional changes occur along with cells differentiation and maturation, yet yielding mature adipocytes with a similar chemical composition, independent of the cellular origin (white or brown adipose tissue). However, in essence, these stem cell-derived adipocytes have a markedly different chemical composition compared to mature primary adipocytes. The consequences of this different chemical (and, hence, functional) identity have great importance in the context of selecting a suitable methodology for adipogenesis studies, particularly in obesity-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Stanek
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Z Pacia
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
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13
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Domingues A, Rossi E, Bujko K, Detriche G, Richez U, Blandinieres A, Kucia M, Ratajczak J, Smadja DM, Ratajczak MZ. Human CD34 + very small embryonic-like stem cells can give rise to endothelial colony-forming cells with a multistep differentiation strategy using UM171 and nicotinamide acid. Leukemia 2022; 36:1440-1443. [PMID: 35169243 PMCID: PMC9061289 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Domingues
- Stem Cell Biology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40245, USA
| | - Elisa Rossi
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Kamila Bujko
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grégoire Detriche
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, F-75006, Paris, France
- Vascular Medicine Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation), AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Ulysse Richez
- Vascular Medicine Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation), AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Blandinieres
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, F-75006, Paris, France
- Hematology Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation), AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Magdalena Kucia
- Stem Cell Biology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40245, USA
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40245, USA
| | - David M Smadja
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, F-75006, Paris, France.
- Vascular Medicine Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation), AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France.
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40245, USA.
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Wang Y, Cui H, Esworthy T, Mei D, Wang Y, Zhang LG. Emerging 4D Printing Strategies for Next-Generation Tissue Regeneration and Medical Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109198. [PMID: 34951494 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time-dependent physical change within tissue scaffolds or replicate the dynamic biological behaviors of native tissues for smart tissue regeneration and the fabrication of medical devices. The fabricated stimulus-responsive structures can offer dynamic, reprogrammable deformation or actuation to mimic complex physical, biochemical, and mechanical processes of native tissues. Although there is notable progress made in the development of the 4D printing approach for various biomedical applications, its more broad-scale adoption for clinical use and tissue engineering purposes is complicated by a notable limitation of printable smart materials and the simplistic nature of achievable responses possible with current sources of stimulation. In this review, the recent progress made in the field of 4D printing by discussing the various printing mechanisms that are achieved with great emphasis on smart ink mechanisms of 4D actuation, construct structural design, and printing technologies, is highlighted. Recent 4D printing studies which focus on the applications of tissue/organ regeneration and medical devices are then summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of 4D printing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronics Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Timothy Esworthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Deqing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronics Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronics Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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15
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Song C, Wang L, Li Q, Liao B, Qiao W, Li Q, Dong N, Li L. Generation of individualized immunocompatible endothelial cells from HLA-I-matched human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:48. [PMID: 35109922 PMCID: PMC8812039 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells (ECs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) are a valuable cell resource for cardiovascular regeneration. To avoid time-consuming preparation from primary autologous cells, the allogeneic iPSC-ECs are being expected to become "off-the-shelf" cell products. However, allorejection caused by HLA mismatching is a major barrier for this strategy. Although the "hypoimmunogenic" iPSCs could be simply generated by inhibition of HLA-I expression via β-2 microglobulin knockout (B2M KO), the deletion of HLA-I expression will activate natural killer (NK) cells, which kill the HLA-I negative cells. To inhibit NK activation, we proposed to generate HLA-matched iPSCs based on patient's HLA genotyping by HLA exchanging approach to express the required HLA allele. METHODS To establish a prototype of HLA exchanging system, the expression of HLA-I molecules of iPSCs was inhibited by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated B2M KO, and then HLA-A*11:01 allele, as a model molecule, was introduced into B2M KO iPSCs by lentiviral gene transfer. HLA-I-modified iPSCs were tested for their pluripotency and ability to differentiate into ECs. The stimulation of iPSC-EC to allogeneic T and NK cells was detected by respective co-culture of PBMC-EC and NK-EC. Finally, the iPSC-ECs were used as the seeding cells to re-endothelialize the decellularized valves. RESULTS We generated the iPSCs only expressed one HLA-A allele (HLA-A *11:01) by B2M KO plus HLA gene transfer. These HLA-I-modified iPSCs maintained pluripotency and furthermore were successfully differentiated into functional ECs assessed by tube formation assay. Single HLA-A*11:01-matched iPSC-ECs significantly less induced the allogeneic response of CD8+ T cell and NK cells expressing matched HLA-A*11:01 and other HLA-A,-B and -C alleles. These cells were successfully used to re-endothelialize the decellularized valves. CONCLUSIONS In summary, a simple HLA-I exchanging system has been created by efficient HLA engineering of iPSCs to evade both of the alloresponse of CD8+ T cells and the activation of NK cells. This technology has been applied to generate iPSC-ECs for the engineering of cellular heart valves. Our strategy should be extremely useful if the "off-the-shelf" and "non-immunogenic" allogeneic iPSCs were created for the common HLA alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchan Song
- Institute of Clinical Oncology, Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, and Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Guangzhou Future Homo Sapiens Institute of Biomedicine and Health (GFBH), Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Future Homo Sapiens Institute of Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd (FHIR), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- Institute of Clinical Oncology, Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, and Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyi Liao
- Institute of Clinical Oncology, Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, and Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Guangzhou Future Homo Sapiens Institute of Biomedicine and Health (GFBH), Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Future Homo Sapiens Institute of Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd (FHIR), Guangzhou, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liangping Li
- Institute of Clinical Oncology, Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, and Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Shafiee S, Shariatzadeh S, Zafari A, Majd A, Niknejad H. Recent Advances on Cell-Based Co-Culture Strategies for Prevascularization in Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:745314. [PMID: 34900955 PMCID: PMC8655789 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.745314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the fabrication of a functional vascular network to maintain the viability of engineered tissues is a major bottleneck in the way of developing a more advanced engineered construct. Inspired by vasculogenesis during the embryonic period, the in vitro prevascularization strategies have focused on optimizing communications and interactions of cells, biomaterial and culture conditions to develop a capillary-like network to tackle the aforementioned issue. Many of these studies employ a combination of endothelial lineage cells and supporting cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, and perivascular cells to create a lumenized endothelial network. These supporting cells are necessary for the stabilization of the newly developed endothelial network. Moreover, to optimize endothelial network development without impairing biomechanical properties of scaffolds or differentiation of target tissue cells, several other factors, including target tissue, endothelial cell origins, the choice of supporting cell, culture condition, incorporated pro-angiogenic factors, and choice of biomaterial must be taken into account. The prevascularization method can also influence the endothelial lineage cell/supporting cell co-culture system to vascularize the bioengineered constructs. This review aims to investigate the recent advances on standard cells used in in vitro prevascularization methods, their co-culture systems, and conditions in which they form an organized and functional vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Shafiee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zafari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Majd
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Vascular Cells: Recent Progress and Future Directions. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8110148. [PMID: 34821701 PMCID: PMC8622843 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold great promise for cardiovascular regeneration following ischemic injury. Considerable effort has been made toward the development and optimization of methods to differentiate hiPSCs into vascular cells, such as endothelial and smooth muscle cells (ECs and SMCs). In particular, hiPSC-derived ECs have shown robust potential for promoting neovascularization in animal models of cardiovascular diseases, potentially achieving significant and sustained therapeutic benefits. However, the use of hiPSC-derived SMCs that possess high therapeutic relevance is a relatively new area of investigation, still in the earlier investigational stages. In this review, we first discuss different methodologies to derive vascular cells from hiPSCs with a particular emphasis on the role of key developmental signals. Furthermore, we propose a standardized framework for assessing and defining the EC and SMC identity that might be suitable for inducing tissue repair and regeneration. We then highlight the regenerative effects of hiPSC-derived vascular cells on animal models of myocardial infarction and hindlimb ischemia. Finally, we address several obstacles that need to be overcome to fully implement the use of hiPSC-derived vascular cells for clinical application.
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18
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Generation of Cardiomyocytes and Endothelial Cells from Human iPSCs by Chemical Modulation of Wnt Signaling. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2549:335-344. [PMID: 34611813 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The generation of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and endothelial cells (ECs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allows for precise modeling of cardiovascular disease using clinically relevant and patient-specific cells. Differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) is governed by small molecules that regulate the WNT signaling pathway. Here we outline the detailed steps to generate iPSC-CMs and iPSC-ECs through small molecule-mediated monolayer differentiation.
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