1
|
Ang SP, Chia JE, Krittanawong C, Lee K, Iglesias J, Misra K, Mukherjee D. Sex Differences and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e035329. [PMID: 39082413 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.035329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is more common in women, it is unknown whether sex is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with MINOCA. We aimed to investigate the relationship between sex differences and outcomes of patients with MINOCA. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from their inception until August 2023 for relevant studies. End points were pooled using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random-effects model as odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs. Nine studies, involving 30 281 patients with MINOCA (comprising 18 079 women and 12 202 men), were included in the study. Women were older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and stroke compared with men. The median duration of follow-up was 3.5 years, with an interquartile range of 2.2 to 4.2 years. Pooled analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in the risk of all-cause mortality (OR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.87-1.22]), major adverse cardiovascular events (OR, 1.18 [95% CI, 0.89-1.58]), heart failure (OR, 1.32 [95% CI, 0.57-3.03]), stroke (OR, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.56-2.26]), and myocardial infarction (OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.29-3.76]) between the 2 groups. Regarding short-term outcomes, women had a significantly higher risk of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events compared with men (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.16-1.53]) whereas there was no significant difference in the risk of in-hospital mortality (OR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.64-1.28]) between the 2 patient groups. CONCLUSIONS Despite the differences in demographics and comorbidity profiles, there was no significant difference in the long-term outcomes for patients with MINOCA between sexes. However, it is noteworthy that women experienced a higher risk of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events compared with men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song P Ang
- Department of Internal Medicine Rutgers Health/Community Medical Center Toms River NJ
| | - Jia E Chia
- Department of Internal Medicine Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso TX
| | | | - Kwan Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Phoenix AZ
| | - Jose Iglesias
- Department of Internal Medicine Rutgers Health/Community Medical Center Toms River NJ
- Department of Internal Medicine Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Nutley NJ
| | - Kanchan Misra
- Department of Radiology Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick NJ
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso TX
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso TX
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hsueh C, Esin G, Breen T, Gitto M, Katz M, Gulati M, Capers Iv Q, Reynolds HR, Volgman AS, Wenger N, Altin SE. Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries: a single-center retrospective study by sex and race. Coron Artery Dis 2024:00019501-990000000-00251. [PMID: 38989611 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), there are limited patient-level data on outcomes by sex and race. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess baseline demographics and 3-year outcomes by sex and race for MINOCA patients. METHODS Patients admitted to a single center with acute myocardial infarction (MI) between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2018, were identified by chart and angiographic review. The primary outcome was nonfatal MI with secondary outcomes including nonfatal cerebrovascular accident (CVA), chest pain readmission, and repeat coronary angiography. RESULTS During the study period, 304 patients were admitted with MINOCA. The cohort was predominantly female (66.4%), and women were significantly older (64.6 vs. 59.2). One-sixth of the total population were Black patients, and nearly half of Black patients (47.2%) were male. Prior CVA (19.7%) and comorbid anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (41.1%) were common. Rates of nonfatal MI were 6.3% without difference by sex or race. For secondary outcomes, rates of CVA were 1.7%, chest pain readmission was 22.4%, and repeat angiography was 8.9%. Men were significantly more likely to have repeat angiography (13.7 vs. 6.4%), and Black patients were more likely to be readmitted for angina (34.0 vs. 19.1%). Over one-quarter of patients underwent repeat stress testing, with 8.9% ultimately undergoing repeat angiograms and low numbers (0.7%) undergoing revascularization. Men were more likely to be referred for a repeat angiogram (13.7 vs. 6.4%, P = 0.035). In multivariate analysis, Black race [odds ratio (OR), 2.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-5.03] was associated with an increased risk of readmission for angina, while female sex was associated with decreased odds of repeat angiography (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.14-0.90) and current smoking was associated with increased odds of repeat angiography (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.02-16.29)] along with hyperlipidemia (OR, 4.65; 95% CI, 1.22-17.7). CONCLUSION White women presented more frequently with MINOCA than White men, however, Black men are equally as affected as Black women. Rates of nonfatal MI were low without statistical differences by sex or race.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hsueh
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ghenekaro Esin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas Breen
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mauro Gitto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University
- Division of Cardiology, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Katz
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martha Gulati
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Quinn Capers Iv
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Harmony R Reynolds
- Division of Cardiology, Soter Center for Women's Cardiovascular Research, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Nanette Wenger
- Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Heart and Vascular Center, Emory Women's Heart Center, Atlanta, Georgia and
| | - S Elissa Altin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou H, Li X, Wang W, Zha Y, Gao G, Li S, Liu B, Guo R. Immune-inflammatory biomarkers for the occurrence of MACE in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1367919. [PMID: 38751661 PMCID: PMC11094260 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1367919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR), monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), lymphocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR), platelet-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) have been identified as immune-inflammatory biomarkers associated with the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship of these biomarkers with the prognosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) remains unclear. Method Patients with MINOCA who underwent coronary angiography at the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force were included in our study. Clinical baseline characteristics and laboratory testing data were collected from the hospital record system. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurrence. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between NHR, MHR, LHR, PHR, SII, SIRI, AISI, and MACE. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the predictive value of NHR, MHR, LHR, PHR, SII, SIRI, and AISI for MACE in patients with MINOCA. The accuracy of the prediction was indicated by the area under the curve (AUC) value. Results The study included 335 patients with MINOCA. (81 in the MACE group and 254 in the No-MACE group). The MACE group had higher levels of NHR, MHR, LHR, PHR, SII, SIRI, and AISI than the No-MACE group. Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors indicated that the higher levels of NHR, MHR, PHR, SII, SIRI, and AISI were associated with the occurrence of MACE in patients with MINOCA (P < 0.001). The AUC values for NHR, MHR, PHR, SII, SIRI, and AISI were 0.695, 0.747, 0.674, 0.673, 0.688, and 0.676, respectively. The combination of NHR, MHR, PHR, SII, SIRI, and AISI improved the accuracy of predicting MACE in patients with MINOCA (AUC = 0.804). Conclusion Higher levels of NHR, MHR, PHR, SII, SIRI, and AISI were associated with the occurrence of MACE, and the combination of NHR, MHR, PHR, SII, SIRI, and AISI improved the accuracy for predicting the incidence of MACE events in patients with MINOCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongya Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Medical University, The 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xicong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Medical University, The 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Medical University, The 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanyi Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Medical University, The 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guanli Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunming Medical University, The 920th Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Silin Li
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruiwei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
La S, Beltrame J, Tavella R. Sex-specific and ethnicity-specific differences in MINOCA. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:192-202. [PMID: 37775559 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Suspected myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) has received increasing attention over the past decade. Given the heterogeneity in the mechanisms underlying acute myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary arteries, the syndrome of MINOCA is considered a working diagnosis that requires further investigation after diagnostic angiography studies have been performed, including coronary magnetic resonance angiography and functional angiography. Although once considered an infrequent and low-risk form of myocardial infarction, recent data have shown that the prognosis of MINOCA is not as benign as previously assumed. However, despite increasing awareness of the condition, many questions remain regarding the diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment of MINOCA. Women seem to be more susceptible to MINOCA, but studies on the sex-specific differences of the disease are scarce. Similarly, ethnicity-specific factors might explain discrepancies in the observed prevalence or underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of MINOCA but data are also scarce. Therefore, in this Review, we provide an update on the latest evidence available on the sex-specific and ethnicity-specific differences in the clinical features, pathophysiological mechanisms, treatment and prognosis of MINOCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarena La
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Beltrame
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rosanna Tavella
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teragawa H, Shirai A, Oshita C, Uchimura Y. Acute Heart Failure Due to Multi-vessel Coronary Spasm. Intern Med 2023; 62:3643-3647. [PMID: 37164672 PMCID: PMC10781555 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1616-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A 46-year-old man presented to our hospital with chest pain followed by coughing and dyspnea. His myocardial enzyme levels were almost normal, and electrocardiography and echocardiography showed no obvious abnormalities. Chest radiography revealed congestion. He was diagnosed with heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Although subjective symptoms improved with intravenous diuretics, the patient was admitted to the hospital for a close examination. Coronary angiography showed no obvious stenosis, and a subsequent spasm provocation test demonstrated the presence of multi-vessel and diffuse spasms. Coronary spasm should be considered as a differential cause of heart failure, even in patients with HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Teragawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shirai
- Department of Clinical Education, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Japan
| | - Chikage Oshita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuko Uchimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao S, Huang S, Lin X, Xu L, Yu M. Prognostic implications of stress hyperglycemia ratio in patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries. Ann Med 2023; 55:990-999. [PMID: 36896774 PMCID: PMC10795641 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2186479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of stress hyperglycemia in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has long been emphasized. Recently, the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), a novel index reflecting an acute glycemia rise, has shown a good predictive value in AMI. However, its prognostic power in myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) remains unclear. METHODS In a prospective cohort of 1179 patients with MINOCA, relationships between SHR levels and outcomes were analyzed. SHR was defined as acute-to-chronic glycemic ratio using admission blood glucose (ABG) and glycated hemoglobin. The primary endpoint was defined as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause death, nonfatal MI, stroke, revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. Survival analyses and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed. RESULTS Over the median follow-up of 3.5 years, the incidence of MACE markedly increased with higher SHR tertile levels (8.1%, 14.0%, 20.5%; p < 0.001). At multivariable Cox analysis, elevated SHR was independently associated with an increased risk of MACE (HR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.21-4.38, p = 0.011). Patients with rising tertiles of SHR also had a significantly higher risk of MACE (tertile 1 as reference; tertile 2: HR 1.77, 95% CI: 1.14-2.73, p = 0.010; tertile 3: HR 2.64, 95% CI: 1.75-3.98, p < 0.001). SHR remained a robust predictor of MACE in patients with and without diabetes; whereas ABG was no longer associated with the MACE risk in diabetic patients. SHR showed an area under the curve of 0.63 for MACE prediction. By incorporating SHR to TIMI risk score, the combined model further improved the discrimination for MACE. CONCLUSIONS The SHR independently confers the cardiovascular risk after MINOCA, and may serve as a better predictor than glycemia at admission alone, particularly in those with diabetes.KEY MESSAGESStress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) is independently associated with the prognosis in a distinct population with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA).SHR is a better predictor of prognosis than admission glycemia alone, especially in diabetic patients with MINOCA.SHR may serve as a prognostic marker for risk stratification as well as a potential target for tailored glucose-lowering treatment in MINOCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Side Gao
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sizhuang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuze Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyue Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yildiz M, Ashokprabhu N, Shewale A, Pico M, Henry TD, Quesada O. Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1032436. [PMID: 36457805 PMCID: PMC9705379 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1032436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is evident in up to 15% of all acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) and disproportionally affects females. Despite younger age, female predominance, and fewer cardiovascular risk factors, MINOCA patients have a worse prognosis than patients without cardiovascular disease and a similar prognosis compared to patients with MI and obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). MINOCA is a syndrome with a broad differential diagnosis that includes both ischemic [coronary artery plaque disruption, coronary vasospasm, coronary microvascular dysfunction, spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), and coronary embolism/thrombosis] and non-ischemic mechanisms (Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy)-the latter called MINOCA mimickers. Therefore, a standardized approach that includes multimodality imaging, such as coronary intravascular imaging, cardiac magnetic resonance, and in selected cases, coronary reactivity testing, including provocation testing for coronary vasospasm, is necessary to determine underlying etiology and direct treatment. Herein, we review the prevalence, characteristics, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of MINOCA -a syndrome often overlooked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yildiz
- The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education at the Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Namrita Ashokprabhu
- The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education at the Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Aarushi Shewale
- The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education at the Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Madison Pico
- The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education at the Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Timothy D. Henry
- The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education at the Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Odayme Quesada
- The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education at the Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Women’s Heart Center, The Christ Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR. Gender Differences in Coronary Artery Disease, Clinical Characteristics, and Angiographic Features in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e30239. [PMID: 36381862 PMCID: PMC9652277 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death worldwide. In Saudi Arabia and the gulf area, coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered a serious problem with high mortality. Previous studies identified multiple risk factors, that include hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, and low physical activity, which might be related to lifestyle changes over the last few decades. Limited data about gender differences in clinical and angiographic characteristics among CAD patients in the Jazan region are available. The aim of this study is to assess potential gender differences in CAD and its clinical characteristics and angiographic features in the Jazan region. METHODS This retrospective chart review collected data between January 2020 and March 2021 from the follow-ups of 498 patients (100 females and 398 males) aged over 18 years at the Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. The data were collected after all patients admitted to the hospital were reviewed, and cardiac catheterization was performed. RESULTS Of the 498 patients with CAD, 100 (20.1%) were female and 398 (79.9%) were male. The mean age of female patients (59.44 years) was significantly higher than that of male patients (55.1 years; P=0.0002). In addition, risk factors differed significantly between genders (P=0.0210). Moreover, vessels differed significantly between genders (P=0.0002). Coronary angiogram findings showed significant correlations between gender and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; P=0.0001) and MEDICAL (P=0.0010). Diagnosis findings showed significant gender differences in STEMI (P<0.0010) and unstable angina (P<0.0010). CONCLUSIONS CAD severity did not differ by gender, but coronary angiogram findings showed significant relationships between gender, PCI, and MEDICAL treatment with CAD.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gao S, Xu H, Ma W, Yuan J, Yu M. Remnant Cholesterol Predicts Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024366. [PMID: 35535621 PMCID: PMC9238562 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Remnant cholesterol (RC) has been reported to promote atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Yet little is known regarding the RC-related residual risk in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) with nonobstructive coronary arteries. Methods and Results A total of 1179 patients with MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries were enrolled and divided according to median level of RC calculated as non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The primary end point was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all-cause death, nonfatal MI, stroke, revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, and receiver-operating characteristic analyses were used. Patients with higher median level of RC had a significantly higher incidence of MACEs (16.9% versus 11.5%; P=0.009) over the median follow-up of 41.7 months. High RC levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs after adjustment for multiple clinically relevant variables (per 1 SD increase, hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 1.12-2.31; P=0.009). Elevated RC also contributed to residual risk beyond conventional lipid parameters. Moreover, RC had an area under the curve of 0.61 for MACE prediction. When adding RC to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk score, the combined model yielded a significant improvement in discrimination for MACEs. Conclusions Elevated RC was closely associated with poor outcomes after MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries independent of traditional risk factors, indicating the utility of RC for risk stratification and a rationale for targeted RC-lowering trials in patients with MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Side Gao
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of CardiologyFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Haobo Xu
- Department of CardiologyFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wenjian Ma
- Department of CardiologyFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiansong Yuan
- Department of CardiologyFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Mengyue Yu
- Department of CardiologyFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao S, Xu H, Huang S, Yuan J, Yu M. Real-World Use of Clopidogrel and Ticagrelor in Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries: Patient Characteristics and Long-Term Outcomes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:807494. [PMID: 34993242 PMCID: PMC8724121 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.807494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Current guidelines recommend ticagrelor as the preferred P2Y12 inhibitor on top of aspirin in patients after an acute coronary syndrome. Yet, the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) remain uncertain. Methods: A total of 1,091 patients with MINOCA who received dual antiplatelet therapy were enrolled and divided into the clopidogrel (n = 878) and ticagrelor (n = 213) groups. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause death, nonfatal MI, stroke, revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. The safety endpoint referred to bleeding events. The Kaplan-Meier, propensity score matching (PSM), and Cox regression analyses were performed. Results: The incidence of MACE was similar for clopidogrel- and ticagrelor-treated patients over the median follow-up of 41.7 months (14.3 vs. 15.0%; p = 0.802). The use of ticagrelor was not associated with a reduced risk of MACE compared with clopidogrel after multivariable adjustment in overall (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.84-1.86, p = 0.262) and in subgroups of MINOCA patients. Further, there was no significant difference in the risk of bleeding between two groups (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 0.83-3.36, p = 0.149). After PSM, 206 matched pairs were identified, and the differences between clopidogrel and ticagrelor for ischemic endpoints and bleeding events remained nonsignificant (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: In this observational analysis of MINOCA patients, ticagrelor was not superior to clopidogrel in reducing ischemic events and did not cause a significant increase in bleeding, indicating a similar efficacy and safety between clopidogrel and ticagrelor. A randomized study of ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in this specific population is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Side Gao
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haobo Xu
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sizhuang Huang
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansong Yuan
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyue Yu
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|