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Liu L, Hu J, Lei H, Qin H, Wang C, Gui Y, Xu D. Regulatory T Cells in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:999-1015. [PMID: 37184744 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is linked to immune-inflammatory injury, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in suppressing immune-inflammatory responses. However, the precise role of Tregs in pathological cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To summarize the current knowledge on the role and mechanisms of Tregs in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and explore their perspectives and challenges as a new therapeutic approach. RESULTS Treg cells may play an important protective role in pressure overload (hypertension, aortic stenosis), myocardial infarction, metabolic disorders (diabetes, obesity), acute myocarditis, cardiomyopathy (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, storage diseases), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Although some challenges remain, the safety and efficacy of Treg-based therapies have been confirmed in some clinical trials, and engineered antigen-specific Treg cells may have better clinical application prospects due to stronger immunosuppressive function and stability. CONCLUSION Targeting the immune-inflammatory response via Treg-based therapies might provide a promising and novel future approach to the prevention and treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huali Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yajun Gui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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He H, Liao Y, Chen Y, Qin H, Hu L, Xiao S, Wang H, Yang R. Identification of ATRNL1 and WNT9A as novel key genes and drug candidates in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: integrative bioinformatics and experimental validation. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1458434. [PMID: 39329089 PMCID: PMC11424892 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1458434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy that can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms underlying HCM are not fully understood, and effective treatments remain limited. By leveraging bioinformatics and experimental validation, this study aims to identify key genes and pathways involved in HCM, uncover novel drug candidates, and provide new insights into its pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies. Methods Commonly upregulated and downregulated genes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) were identified using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, including three mRNA profiling datasets and one miRNA expression dataset. Enrichment analysis and hub-gene exploration were performed using interaction networks and consistent miRNA-mRNA matches. Potential drugs for HCM were screened. HCM cellular and animal models were established using isoproterenol. Key unstudied differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated. Animals were treated with novel potential drugs, and improvements in HCM were assessed via ultrasound metrics. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess myocardial fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect DEGs in cellular experiments. Result We discovered 145 key upregulated and 149 downregulated DEGs associated with HCM development, among which there are eight core upregulated and seven core downregulated genes. There are 30 upregulated and six downregulated miRNAs. Between the six downregulated miRNAs and 1291 matched miRNAs (against eight core upregulated DEGs), there is one common miRNA, miR-1469. Using the CTD database, drugs that impact the expression/abundance/methylation/metabolic process of core DEGs (after the exclusion of toxic drugs) included acetaminophen, propylthiouracil, methapyrilene, triptolide, tretinoin, etc. In the HCM cell model, only ATRNL1 and WNT9A were significantly increased. In the HCM animal model, propylthiouracil, miR-1469, and triptolide demonstrated varying degrees of therapeutic effects on HCM. Propylthiouracil, but not miR-1469 or triptolide, significantly inhibited the expression of ATRNL1 in the HCM model, and all three drugs suppressed WNT9A expression. Conclusion We identified several novel genes in HCM development, among which ATRNL1 and WNT9A were validated by cell and animal models. A deficiency of hsa-miR-1469 may be a mechanism behind HCM development. Novel medications for HCM treatment include propylthiouracil and triptolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jiu jiang NO. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Longlong Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shucai Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huijian Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Jin Q, Zhuang L. Transcriptomic Analyses and Experimental Validation Identified Immune-Related lncRNA-mRNA Pair MIR210HG- BPIFC Regulating the Progression of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2816. [PMID: 38474063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease in which the myocardium of the heart becomes asymmetrically thickened, malformed, disordered, and loses its normal structure and function. Recent studies have demonstrated the significant involvement of inflammatory responses in HCM. However, the precise role of immune-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of HCM remains unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of immune-related lncRNAs in HCM. First, transcriptomic RNA-Seq data from both HCM patients and healthy individuals (GSE180313) were reanalyzed thoroughly. Key HCM-related modules were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A screening for immune-related lncRNAs was conducted within the key modules using immune-related mRNA co-expression analysis. Based on lncRNA-mRNA pairs that exhibit shared regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs), we constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, comprising 9 lncRNAs and 17 mRNAs that were significantly correlated. Among the 26 lncRNA-mRNA pairs, only the MIR210HG-BPIFC pair was verified by another HCM dataset (GSE130036) and the isoprenaline (ISO)-induced HCM cell model. Furthermore, knockdown of MIR210HG increased the regulatory miRNAs and decreased the mRNA expression of BPIFC correspondingly in AC16 cells. Additionally, the analysis of immune cell infiltration indicated that the MIR210HG-BPIFC pair was potentially involved in the infiltration of naïve CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Together, our findings indicate that the decreased expression of the lncRNA-mRNA pair MIR210HG-BPIFC was significantly correlated with the pathogenesis of the disease and may be involved in the immune cell infiltration in the mechanism of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jiuxiao Zhao
- Institute of Genetics and Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- Institute of Genetics and Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lenan Zhuang
- Institute of Genetics and Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
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Musigk N, Suwalski P, Golpour A, Fairweather D, Klingel K, Martin P, Frustaci A, Cooper LT, Lüscher TF, Landmesser U, Heidecker B. The inflammatory spectrum of cardiomyopathies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1251780. [PMID: 38464847 PMCID: PMC10921946 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1251780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of the myocardium with various cell types, cytokines and chemokines plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies including inflammatory cardiomyopathies and myocarditis. A more comprehensive understanding of the precise immune mechanisms involved in acute and chronic myocarditis is essential to develop novel therapeutic approaches. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of the immune landscape in cardiomyopathies based on etiology. It identifies gaps in our knowledge about cardiac inflammation and emphasizes the need for new translational approaches to improve our understanding thus enabling development of novel early detection methods and more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Musigk
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Phillip Suwalski
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ainoosh Golpour
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology Institute for Pathology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pilar Martin
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Leslie T. Cooper
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Thomas F. Lüscher
- GZO-Zurich Regional Health Centre, Wetzikon & Cardioimmunology, Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Heidecker
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Bajpai AK, Gu Q, Orgil BO, Alberson NR, Towbin JA, Martinez HR, Lu L, Purevjav E. Exploring the Regulation and Function of Rpl3l in the Development of Early-Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Congestive Heart Failure Using Systems Genetics Approach. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:53. [PMID: 38254943 PMCID: PMC10815855 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathies, diseases affecting the myocardium, are common causes of congestive heart failure (CHF) and sudden cardiac death. Recently, biallelic variants in ribosomal protein L3-like (RPL3L) have been reported to be associated with severe neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and CHF. This study employs a systems genetics approach to gain understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the role of RPL3L in DCM. METHODS Genetic correlation, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping, differential expression analysis and comparative functional analysis were performed using cardiac gene expression data from the patients and murine genetic reference populations (GRPs) of BXD mice (recombinant inbred strains from a cross of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice). Additionally, immune infiltration analysis was performed to understand the relationship between DCM, immune cells and RPL3L expression. RESULTS Systems genetics analysis identified high expression of Rpl3l mRNA, which ranged from 11.31 to 12.16 across murine GRPs of BXD mice, with an ~1.8-fold difference. Pathways such as "diabetic cardiomyopathy", "focal adhesion", "oxidative phosphorylation" and "DCM" were significantly associated with Rpl3l. eQTL mapping suggested Myl4 (Chr 11) and Sdha (Chr 13) as the upstream regulators of Rpl3l. The mRNA expression of Rpl3l, Myl4 and Sdha was significantly correlated with multiple echocardiography traits in BXD mice. Immune infiltration analysis revealed a significant association of RPL3L and SDHA with seven immune cells (CD4, CD8-naive T cell, CD8 T cell, macrophages, cytotoxic T cell, gamma delta T cell and exhausted T cell) that were also differentially infiltrated between heart samples obtained from DCM patients and normal individuals. CONCLUSIONS RPL3L is highly expressed in the heart tissue of humans and mice. Expression of Rpl3l and its upstream regulators, Myl4 and Sdha, correlate with multiple cardiac function traits in murine GRPs of BXD mice, while RPL3L and SDHA correlate with immune cell infiltration in DCM patient hearts, suggesting important roles for RPL3L in DCM and CHF pathogenesis via immune inflammation, necessitating experimental validations of Myl4 and Sdha in Rpl3l regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K. Bajpai
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (A.K.B.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (A.K.B.); (Q.G.)
| | - Buyan-Ochir Orgil
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Neely R. Alberson
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Towbin
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Cardiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hugo R. Martinez
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (A.K.B.); (Q.G.)
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (B.-O.O.); (N.R.A.); (J.A.T.); (H.R.M.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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6
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You H, Dong M. Prediction of diagnostic gene biomarkers for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by integrated machine learning. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231213781. [PMID: 38006610 PMCID: PMC10683566 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231213781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a leading cause of heart failure and sudden death, requires early diagnosis and treatment. This study investigated the underlying pathogenesis and explored potential diagnostic gene biomarkers for HCM. METHODS Transcriptional profiles of myocardial tissues from patients with HCM (dataset GSE36961) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and subjected to bioinformatics analyses, including differentially expressed gene (DEG) identification, enrichment analyses, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and support vector machine recursive feature elimination were performed to identify candidate diagnostic gene biomarkers. mRNA expression levels of candidate biomarkers were tested in an external dataset (GSE141910); area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values were obtained to validate diagnostic efficacy. RESULTS Overall, 156 DEGs (109 downregulated, 47 upregulated) were identified. Enrichment and PPI network analyses indicated that the DEGs were involved in biological functions and molecular pathways including inflammatory response, platelet activity, complement and coagulation cascades, extracellular matrix organization, phagosome, apoptosis, and VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling. RASD1, CDC42EP4, MYH6, and FCN3 were identified as diagnostic biomarkers for HCM. CONCLUSIONS RASD1, CDC42EP4, MYH6, and FCN3 might be diagnostic gene biomarkers for HCM and can provide insights concerning HCM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun You
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengya Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Yu H, Gu L, Du L, Dong Z, Li Z, Yu M, Yin Y, Wang Y, Yu L, Ma H. Identification and analysis of key hypoxia- and immune-related genes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Biol Res 2023; 56:45. [PMID: 37559135 PMCID: PMC10410988 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), an autosomal dominant genetic disease, is the main cause of sudden death in adolescents and athletes globally. Hypoxia and immune factors have been revealed to be related to the pathology of HCM. There is growing evidence of a role for hypoxia and inflammation as triggers and enhancers in the pathology in HCM. However, the role of hypoxia- and immune-related genes in HCM have not been reported. METHODS Firstly, we obtained four HCM-related datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for differential expression analysis. Immune cells significantly expressed in normal samples and HCM were then screened by a microenvironmental cell population counter (MCP-counter) algorithm. Next, hypoxia- and immune-related genes were screened by the LASSO + support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Single-gene enrichment analysis and expression validation of key genes were then performed. Finally, we constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of key genes. RESULTS In this study, 35 differentially expressed hypoxia genes were found. By using LASSO + SVM-RFE analysis, 10 more targets with differentially expressed hypoxia genes were identified. The MCP-count algorithm yielded five differentially expressed immune cells, and after assessing them for WGCNA characteristics, 612 immune genes were discovered. When hypoxia and immune genes were combined for cross-tabulation analysis, three hypoxia- and immune-related genes (ATP2A2, DDAH1, and OMA1) were identified. CONCLUSION Based on hypoxia characteristic genes, three key genes were identified. These were also significantly related to immune activation, which proves a theoretical basis and reference value for studying the relationship between HCM and hypoxia and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhen Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Lanxin Gu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Linfang Du
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Zhao Dong
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Mujun Yu
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yishi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Wang E, Zhou R, Li T, Hua Y, Zhou K, Li Y, Luo S, An Q. The Molecular Role of Immune Cells in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1246. [PMID: 37512058 PMCID: PMC10385992 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a rare and severe condition characterized by chamber dilation and impaired contraction of the left ventricle. It constitutes a fundamental etiology for profound heart failure and abrupt cardiac demise, rendering it a prominent clinical indication for heart transplantation (HTx) among both adult and pediatric populations. DCM arises from various etiologies, including genetic variants, epigenetic disorders, infectious insults, autoimmune diseases, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. The maintenance of cardiac function involves two distinct types of immune cells: resident immune cells and recruited immune cells. Resident immune cells play a crucial role in establishing a harmonious microenvironment within the cardiac tissue. Nevertheless, in response to injury, cardiomyocytes initiate a cytokine cascade that attracts peripheral immune cells, thus perturbing this intricate equilibrium and actively participating in the initiation and pathological remodeling of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), particularly during the progression of myocardial fibrosis. Additionally, immune cells assume a pivotal role in orchestrating the inflammatory processes, which are intimately linked to the prognosis of DCM. Consequently, understanding the molecular role of various immune cells and their regulation mechanisms would provide an emerging era for managing DCM. In this review, we provide a summary of the most recent advancements in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune cells in DCM. Additionally, we evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of DCM, with the aim of optimizing future immunotherapeutic strategies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enping Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruofan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tiange Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yimin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaiyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuhua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Guo L, Cai Y, Wang B, Zhang F, Zhao H, Liu L, Tao L. Characterization of the circulating transcriptome expression profile and identification of novel miRNA biomarkers in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:205. [PMID: 37391825 PMCID: PMC10314611 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), one of the most common genetic cardiovascular diseases, but cannot be explained by single genetic factors. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are stable and highly conserved. Inflammation and immune response participate in HCM pathophysiology, but whether the miRNA profile changes correspondingly in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with HCM is unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the circulating non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression profile in PBMCs and identify potential miRNAs for HCM biomarkers. METHODS A Custom CeRNA Human Gene Expression Microarray was used to identify differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, miRNAs, and ncRNAs (including circRNA and lncRNA) in HCM PBMCs. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify HCM-related miRNA and mRNA modules. The mRNAs and miRNAs from the key modules were used to construct a co-expression network. Three separate machine learning algorithms (random forest, support vector machine, and logistic regression) were applied to identify potential biomarkers based on miRNAs from the HCM co-expression network. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE188324) and experimental samples were used for further verification. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was used to determine the potential functions of the selected miRNAs in HCM. RESULTS We identified 1194 DE-mRNAs, 232 DE-miRNAs and 7696 DE-ncRNAs in HCM samples compared with normal controls from the microarray data sets. WGCNA identified key miRNA modules and mRNA modules evidently associated with HCM. We constructed a miRNA‒mRNA co-expression network based on these modules. A total of three hub miRNAs (miR-924, miR-98 and miR-1) were identified by random forest, and the areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves of miR-924, miR-98 and miR-1 were 0.829, 0.866, and 0.866, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We elucidated the transcriptome expression profile in PBMCs and identified three hub miRNAs (miR-924, miR-98 and miR-1) as potential biomarkers for HCM detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaan Xi, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaan Xi, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaan Xi, China
| | - Fuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaan Xi, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaan Xi, China
| | - Liwen Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaan Xi, China.
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaan Xi, China.
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10
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Zhang XZ, Chen XL, Tang TT, Zhang S, Li QL, Xia N, Nie SF, Zhang M, Zhu ZF, Zhou ZH, Dong NG, Cheng X. T lymphocyte characteristics and immune repertoires in the epicardial adipose tissue of heart failure patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126997. [PMID: 36960061 PMCID: PMC10027920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) acts as an active immune organ and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). However, the characteristics of immune cells in EAT of HF patients have rarely been elucidated. Methods To identify key immune cells in EAT, an integrated bioinformatics analysis was performed on public datasets. EAT samples with paired subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), heart, and peripheral blood samples from HF patients were collected in validation experiments. T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire was assessed by high-throughput sequencing. The phenotypic characteristics and key effector molecules of T lymphocytes in EAT were assessed by flow cytometry and histological staining. Results Compared with SAT, EAT was enriched for immune activation-related genes and T lymphocytes. Compared with EAT from the controls, activation of T lymphocytes was more pronounced in EAT from HF patients. T lymphocytes in EAT of HF patients were enriched by highly expanded clonotypes and had greater TCR clonotype sharing with cardiac tissue relative to SAT. Experiments confirmed the abundance of IFN-γ+ effector memory T lymphocytes (TEM) in EAT of HF patients. CCL5 and GZMK were confirmed to be associated with T lymphocytes in EAT of HF patients. Conclusion EAT of HF patients was characterized by pronounced immune activation of clonally expanded IFN-γ+ TEM and a generally higher degree of TCR clonotypes sharing with paired cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Li Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin-Lin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ni Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Fang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Hua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Cheng, ; Nian-Guo Dong, ; Zi-Hua Zhou,
| | - Nian-Guo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Cheng, ; Nian-Guo Dong, ; Zi-Hua Zhou,
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Cheng, ; Nian-Guo Dong, ; Zi-Hua Zhou,
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11
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Stevens TW, Khalaf FK, Soehnlen S, Hegde P, Storm K, Meenakshisundaram C, Dworkin LD, Malhotra D, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ, Dube P. Dirty Jobs: Macrophages at the Heart of Cardiovascular Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1579. [PMID: 35884884 PMCID: PMC9312498 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the greatest public health concerns and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide. CVD is a broad yet complex term referring to numerous heart and vascular conditions, all with varying pathologies. Macrophages are one of the key factors in the development of these conditions. Macrophages play diverse roles in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis, and an imbalance of these mechanisms contributes to the development of CVD. In the current review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the diversity of macrophages, their roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis within the heart and vasculature, and the mechanisms through which imbalances in homeostasis may lead to CVD. Through this review, we aim to highlight the potential importance of macrophages in the identification of preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W. Stevens
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Fatimah K. Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Sophia Soehnlen
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Prajwal Hegde
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Kyle Storm
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Chandramohan Meenakshisundaram
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Lance D. Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
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12
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Sun S, Lu J, Lai C, Feng Z, Sheng X, Liu X, Wang Y, Huang C, Shen Z, Lv Q, Fu G, Shang M. Transcriptome analysis uncovers the autophagy-mediated regulatory patterns of the immune microenvironment in dilated cardiomyopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4101-4112. [PMID: 35752958 PMCID: PMC9279601 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between autophagy and immunity has been well studied. However, little is known about the role of autophagy in the immune microenvironment during the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Therefore, this study aims to uncover the effect of autophagy on the immune microenvironment in the context of DCM. By investigating the autophagy gene expression differences between healthy donors and DCM samples, 23 dysregulated autophagy genes were identified. Using a series of bioinformatics methods, 13 DCM‐related autophagy genes were screened and used to construct a risk prediction model, which can well distinguish DCM and healthy samples. Then, the connections between autophagy and immune responses including infiltrated immunocytes, immune reaction gene‐sets and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes were systematically evaluated. In addition, two autophagy‐mediated expression patterns in DCM were determined via the unsupervised consensus clustering analysis, and the immune characteristics of different patterns were revealed. In conclusion, our study revealed the strong effect of autophagy on the DCM immune microenvironment and provided new insights to understand the pathogenesis and treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangting Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojin Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianglan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengchen Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhida Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Identification of Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers and Biological Pathways in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030530. [PMID: 35328083 PMCID: PMC8951232 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic heterogeneous disorder and the main cause of sudden cardiac death in adolescents and young adults. This study was aimed at identifying potential diagnostic biomarkers and biological pathways to help to diagnose and treat HCM through bioinformatics analysis. We selected the GSE36961 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and identified 893 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, 12 modules were generated through weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and the turquoise module showed the highest negative correlation with HCM (cor = −0.9, p-value = 4 × 10−52). With the filtering standard gene significance (GS) < −0.7 and module membership (MM) > 0.9, 19 genes were then selected to establish the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model, and LYVE1, MAFB, and MT1M were finally identified as key genes. The expression levels of these genes were additionally verified in the GSE130036 dataset. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed oxidative phosphorylation, tumor necrosis factor alpha-nuclear factor-κB (TNFα-NFκB), interferon-gamma (IFNγ) response, and inflammatory response were four pathways possibly related to HCM. In conclusion, LYVE1, MAFB, and MT1M were potential biomarkers of HCM, and oxidative stress, immune response as well as inflammatory response were likely to be associated with the pathogenesis of HCM.
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14
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Wang Z, Xia Q, Su W, Cao M, Sun Y, Zhang M, Chen W, Jiang T. Exploring the Communal Pathogenesis, Ferroptosis Mechanism, and Potential Therapeutic Targets of Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy via a Microarray Data Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:824756. [PMID: 35282347 PMCID: PMC8907834 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.824756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of heart diseases that can gradually cause severe heart failure. In particular, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are the two main types of cardiomyopathies, yet the independent and communal biological mechanisms of both remain far from elucidated. Meanwhile, ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of cell death that has been proven to be associated with cardiomyopathies, but the concrete nature of the interaction remains unclear. Hence, this study explored the pathogenesis and ferroptosis mechanism of HCM and DCM via a bioinformatics analysis. Methods Six datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database based on the study inclusion/exclusion criteria. After screening the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and hub genes of HCM and DCM, subsequent analyses, including functional annotation, co-expression, validation, and transcription factors (TF)–mRNA–microRNA (miRNA) regulatory network construction, were performed. In addition, ferroptosis-related DEGs were also identified and verified in HCM and DCM. Results We found 171 independent DEGs of HCM mainly enriched in the regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, while 171 independent DEGs of DCM were significantly involved in cell adhesion. Meanwhile, 32 communal DEGs (26 upregulated genes and 6 downregulated genes) and 3 hub genes [periostin (POSTN), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP5), and fibromodulin (FMOD)] were determined to be shared between HCM and DCM and the functional annotation of these genes highlighted the important position of growth hormone in HCM and DCM. Moreover, we identified activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3), and solute carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5) as ferroptosis-related genes in HCM and STAT3 as a ferroptosis-related gene in DCM. Conclusion The identified independent and communal DEGs contribute to uncover a potentially distinct and common mechanism of HCM and DCM and ferroptosis-related genes could provide us with a novel direction for exploration. In addition, 3 hub genes could be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets in patients with cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyue Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxing Su
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingqiang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunjuan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weixiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weixiang Chen
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Tingbo Jiang
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15
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Guan Q, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhao P, Li J. Identification of Potential Key Genes in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Through Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:754569. [PMID: 34804123 PMCID: PMC8595135 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.754569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality. The etiology of COPD is complex, and the pathogenesis mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used rat and human COPD gene expression data from our laboratory and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between individuals with COPD and healthy individuals. Then, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed, and hub genes were identified. Cytoscape was used to construct the co-expressed network and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. A total of 198 DEGs were identified, and a PPI network with 144 nodes and 355 edges was constructed. Twelve hub genes were identified by the cytoHubba plugin in Cytoscape. Of these genes, CCR3, CCL2, COL4A2, VWF, IL1RN, IL2RA, and CCL13 were related to inflammation or immunity, or tissue-specific expression in lung tissue, and their messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were validated by qRT-PCR. COL4A2, VWF, and IL1RN were further verified by the GEO dataset GSE76925, and the ceRNA network was constructed with Cytoscape. These three genes were consistent with COPD rat model data compared with control data, and their dysregulation direction was reversed when the COPD rat model was treated with effective-component compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula III. This bioinformatics analysis strategy may be useful for elucidating novel mechanisms underlying COPD. We pinpointed three key genes that may play a role in COPD pathogenesis and therapy, which deserved to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhou Guan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lanxi Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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