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Magnusson MMM, Gerk U, Schüpbach G, Rieger J, Plendl J, Marin I, Drews B, Kaessmeyer S. Microvascular changes following exposure to iodinated contrast media in vitro. A qualitative comparison to serum creatinine concentrations in post-cardiac catheterization patients. Microvasc Res 2024; 153:104659. [PMID: 38286222 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2024.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is characterized as a loss of renal function following radiological contrast media administration. While all contrast media induce variable changes in microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, only few studies report clinical significance of their findings. A comprehensive assessment of the effect of iodinated contrast media on the renal function in vitro and in vivo is essential. The aim of our study was to morphometrically quantify the effect of two different contrast media (Iobitridol and Iodixanol) on vascular endothelial capillaries in vitro and to analyze their effect on the renal function of patients who underwent cardiac catheterization including the intra-arterial administration of contrast media, by measuring serum creatinine concentration (SCr), a byproduct of muscle metabolism, primarily excreted by the kidneys. Our hypothesis suggests that conducting a qualitative comparison of both outcomes will enable identification of differences and similarities between in vitro and in vivo exposure. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro, co-cultures of human dermal fibroblasts and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells forming capillary beds were exposed to a mixture of phosphate buffered saline and either Iobitridol, Iodixanol, or one of their supplements EDTA or Trometamol for 1.5 or 5 min. Negative control co-cultures were exposed exclusively to phosphate buffered saline. Co-cultures were either directly fixed or underwent a regeneration time of 1, 3 or 7 days. An artificial intelligence software was trained for detection of labeled endothelial capillaries (CD31) on light microscope images and measurements of morphometric parameters. In vivo, we retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent intra-arterial administration of contrast media and for whom SCr values were available pre- and post-contrast exposition (1, 3, and 7 days following procedure). Temporal development of SCr and incidence of CA-AKI were assessed. Both exposure types were qualitatively compared. RESULTS In vitro, Iobitridol, Iodixanol and EDTA induced a strong decrease of two morphometric parameters after 3 days of regeneration. In vivo, a significant increase of SCr and incidence of CA-AKI was observed 3 days following procedure in the post-contrast media patients. No difference was observed between groups. DISCUSSION Two of the morphometric parameters were inversely proportional to the SCr of the patients. If the endothelial damages observed in vitro occur in vivo, it may result in renal hypoxia, inducing a loss of kidney function clinically translated into an increase of SCr. Further development of our in vitro model could allow closer replication of the internal structure of a kidney and bridge the gap between in vitro studies and their clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine M M Magnusson
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Gerk
- Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gertraud Schüpbach
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Rieger
- Institute of Translational Medicine for Health Care Systems, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Plendl
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilka Marin
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Drews
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Kaessmeyer
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Peterson IL, Thompson AD, Scholpa NE, Largent-Milnes T, Schnellmann RG. Isolation and monoculture of functional primary astrocytes from the adult mouse spinal cord. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1367473. [PMID: 38435055 PMCID: PMC10906264 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1367473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are a widely heterogenic cell population that play major roles in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and neurotransmission, as well as in various neuropathologies, including spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Spinal cord astrocytes have distinct differences from those in the brain and accurate modeling of disease states is necessary for understanding disease progression and developing therapeutic interventions. Several limitations to modeling spinal cord astrocytes in vitro exist, including lack of commercially available adult-derived cells, lack of purchasable astrocytes with different genotypes, as well as time-consuming and costly in-house primary cell isolations that often result in low yield due to small tissue volume. To address these issues, we developed an efficient adult mouse spinal cord astrocyte isolation method that utilizes enzymatic digestion, debris filtration, and multiple ACSA-2 magnetic microbead purification cycles to achieve an astrocyte monoculture purity of ≅93-98%, based on all markers assessed. Importantly, the isolated cells contain active mitochondria and express key astrocyte markers including ACSA-1, ACSA-2, EAAT2, and GFAP. Furthermore, this isolation method can be applied to the spinal cord of male and female mice, mice subjected to SCI, and genetically modified mice. We present a primary adult mouse spinal cord astrocyte isolation protocol focused on purity, viability, and length of isolation that can be applied to a multitude of models and aid in targeted research on spinal-cord related CNS processes and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid L. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Austin D. Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Southwest Environmental Health Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Natalie E. Scholpa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Tally Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rick G. Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Southwest Environmental Health Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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