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Wang Y, Liu Y, Cai J, Zong T, Zhang Z, Xie T, Mu T, Wu M, Yang Q, Wang Y, Wang X, Yao Y. Differentially expressed genes in orbital adipose/connective tissue of thyroid-associated orbitopathy. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16569. [PMID: 38130930 PMCID: PMC10734407 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is a disease associated with autoimmune thyroid disorders and it can lead to proptosis, diplopia, and vision-threatening compressive optic neuropathy. To comprehensively understand the molecular mechanisms underlying orbital adipogenesis in TAO, we characterize the intrinsic molecular properties of orbital adipose/connective tissue from patients with TAO and control individuals. Methods RNA sequencing analysis (RNA-seq) was performed to measure the gene expression of orbital adipose/connective tissues of TAO patients. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected and analyzed through Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database, and hub genes were identified by the Cytoscape plug-in, cytoHubba. We validated several top DEGs through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results We identified 183 DEGs in adipose tissue between TAO patients (n = 3) and control patients (n = 3) through RNA sequencing, including 114 upregulated genes and 69 downregulated genes. The PPI network of these DEGs had 202 nodes and 743 edges. PCR-based validation results of orbital adipose tissue showed multiple top-ranked genes in TAO patients (n = 4) are immune and inflammatory response genes compared with the control individual (n = 4). They include ceruloplasmin isoform x3 (CP), alkaline tissue-nonspecific isozyme isoform x1 (ALPL), and angiotensinogen (AGT), which were overrepresented by 2.27- to 6.40-fold. Meanwhile, protein mab-21-like 1 (MAB21L1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma-subunit (PIK3C2G), and clavesin-2 (CLVS2) decreased by 2.6% to 32.8%. R-spondin 1 (RSPO1), which is related to oogonia differentiation and developmental angiogenesis, was significantly downregulated in the orbital muscle tissues of patients with TAO compared with the control groups (P = 0.024). Conclusions Our results suggest that there are genetic differences in orbital adipose-connective tissues derived from TAO patients. The upregulation of the inflammatory response in orbital fat of TAO may be consistent with the clinical phenotype like eyelid edema, exophthalmos, and excess tearing. Downregulation of MAB21L1, PIK3C2G, and CLVS2 in TAO tissue demonstrates dysregulation of differentiation, oxidative stress, and developmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiping Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tianyi Zong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ziyin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tianhua Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tong Mu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Meili Wu
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yangningzhi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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2
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Wong CP, Iwaniec UT, Turner RT. Brown adipose tissue but not tibia exhibits a dramatic response to acute reduction in environmental temperature in growing male mice. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101706. [PMID: 37637756 PMCID: PMC10448410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice are typically housed at room temperature (∼22 °C), which is well below their thermoneutral zone and results in cold stress. Chronic cold stress leads to increased adaptive thermogenesis and reductions in cancellous bone volume and bone marrow adipose tissue mass in long bones of growing mice. There is strong evidence that increased neuronal activity initiates the metabolic response of intrascapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) to cold stress, but it is less clear whether bone is regulated through a similar mechanism. Therefore, we compared the short-term response of BAT and whole tibia to a reduction in environmental temperature. To accomplish this, we transferred a group of 6-week-old male mice from 32 °C to 22 °C housing and sacrificed the mice 24 h later. Age-matched controls were maintained at 32 °C. We then evaluated expression levels of a panel of genes related to adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism in BAT and tibia, and a panel of genes related to bone metabolism in tibia. The decrease in housing temperature resulted in changes in expression levels for 47/86 genes related to adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism in BAT, including 9-fold and 17-fold increases in Ucp1 and Dio2, respectively. In contrast, only 1/86 genes related to adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism and 4/84 genes related to bone metabolism were differentially expressed in tibia. These findings suggest that bone, although innervated with sensory and sympathetic neurons, does not respond as rapidly as BAT to changes in environmental temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen P. Wong
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Urszula T. Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Russell T. Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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3
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Luo Z, Chen Z, Zhu Z, Hao Y, Feng J, Luo Q, Zhang Z, Yang X, Hu J, Liang W, Ding G. Angiotensin II induces podocyte metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to glycerol-3-phosphate biosynthesis. Cell Signal 2022; 99:110443. [PMID: 35988808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to podocyte injury by interfering with metabolism. Glycolysis is essential for podocytes and glycolysis abnormality is associated with glomerular injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) biosynthesis is a shunt pathway of glycolysis, in which cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) catalyzes dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to generate G-3-P in the presence of the NADH. G-3-P is not only a substrate in glycerophospholipids and glyceride synthesis but also can be oxidated by mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2) to regenerate DHAP in mitochondria. Since G-3-P biosynthesis links to glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism and lipid synthesis, we speculate G-3-P biosynthesis abnormality is probably involved in podocyte injury. In this study, we demonstrated that Ang II upregulated GPD1 expression and increased G-3-P and glycerophospholipid syntheses in podocytes. GPD1 knockdown protected podocytes from Ang II-induced lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. GPD1 overexpression exacerbated Ang II-induced podocyte injury. In addition, we proved that lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction were correlated with G-3-P content in podocytes. These results suggest that Ang II upregulates GPD1 and promotes G-3-P biosynthesis in podocytes, which promote lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilv Luo
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zijing Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yiqun Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zongwei Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xueyan Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jijia Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Kawamura M, Goda N, Hariya N, Kimura M, Ishiyama S, Kubota T, Mochizuki K. Medium-chain fatty acids enhance expression and histone acetylation of genes related to lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 29:101196. [PMID: 35028437 PMCID: PMC8741418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expressions of genes related to lipid metabolism are decreased in adipocytes with insulin resistance. In this study, we examined the effects of fatty acids on the reduced expressions and histone acetylation of lipid metabolism-related genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with insulin resistance induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Methods Short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acid were co-administered with TNF-α in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Then, mRNA expressions and histone acetylation of genes involved in lipid metabolism were determined using mRNA microarrays, qRT-PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Results We found in microarray and subsequent qRT-PCR analyses that the expression levels of several lipid metabolism-related genes, including Gpd1, Cidec, and Cyp4b1, were reduced by TNF-α treatment and restored by co-treatment with a short-chain fatty acid (C4: butyric acid) and medium-chain fatty acids (C8: caprylic acid and C10: capric acid). The pathway analysis of the microarray showed that capric acid enhanced mRNA levels of genes in the PPAR signaling pathway and adipogenesis genes in the TNF-α-treated adipocytes. Histone acetylation around Cidec and Gpd1 genes were also reduced by TNF-α treatment and recovered by co-administration with short- and medium-chain fatty acids. General significance Medium- and short-chain fatty acids induce the expressions of Cidec and Gpd1, which are lipid metabolism-related genes in insulin-resistant adipocytes, by promoting histone acetylation around these genes. Expressions of lipid metabolism genes are reduced in insulin-resistant adipocytes. Short- and medium-chain fatty acids inhibit lipid metabolism gene downregulation. Capric acid enhances expressions of PPAR signaling and adipogenesis genes. This mechanism involves recovery of histone acetylation in lipid metabolism genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musashi Kawamura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Goda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Natsuyo Hariya
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Yamanashi Gakuin University, 2-4-5, Sakaori, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8575, Japan
| | - Mayu Kimura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Shiori Ishiyama
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Takeo Kubota
- Department of Child Studies, Faculty of Child Studies, Seitoku University, 550, Iwase, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan.,Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
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5
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Liu Y, Long H, Feng S, Ma T, Wang M, Niu L, Zhang X, Wang L, Lei Y, Chen Y, Wang Q, Xu X. Trait correlated expression combined with eQTL and ASE analyses identified novel candidate genes affecting intramuscular fat. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:805. [PMID: 34749647 PMCID: PMC8577010 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a determining factor for meat taste. The Luchuan pig is a fat-type local breed in southern China that is famous for its desirable meat quality due to high IMF, however, the crossbred offspring of Luchuan sows and Duroc boars displayed within-population variation on meat quality, and the reason remains unknown. RESULTS In the present study, we identified 212 IMF-correlated genes (FDR ≤ 0.01) using correlation analysis between gene expression level and the value of IMF content. The IMF-correlated genes were significantly enriched in the processes of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial energy metabolism, as well as the AMPK/PPAR signaling pathway. From the IMF-correlated genes, we identified 99 genes associated with expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) or allele-specific expression (ASE) signals, including 21 genes identified by both cis-eQTL and ASE analyses and 12 genes identified by trans-eQTL analysis. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of IMF identified a significant QTL on SSC14 (p-value = 2.51E-7), and the nearest IMF-correlated gene SFXN4 (r = 0.28, FDR = 4.00E-4) was proposed as the candidate gene. Furthermore, we highlighted another three novel IMF candidate genes, namely AGT, EMG1, and PCTP, by integrated analysis of GWAS, eQTL, and IMF-gene correlation analysis. CONCLUSIONS The AMPK/PPAR signaling pathway together with the processes of lipid and mitochondrial energy metabolism plays a vital role in regulating porcine IMF content. Trait correlated expression combined with eQTL and ASE analysis highlighted a priority list of genes, which compensated for the shortcoming of GWAS, thereby accelerating the mining of causal genes of IMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan Long
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Simin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lizhu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lianni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yilong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiankun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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6
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Zhang D, Wu W, Huang X, Xu K, Zheng C, Zhang J. Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in differentiated subcutaneous adipocytes between Jiaxing Black and Large White pigs. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:61. [PMID: 33468065 PMCID: PMC7814706 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese domestic pig breeds are reputed for pork quality, but their low ratio of lean-to-fat carcass weight decreases production efficiency. A better understanding of the genetic regulation network of subcutaneous fat tissue is necessary for the rational selection of Chinese domestic pig breeds. In the present study, subcutaneous adipocytes were isolated from Jiaxing Black pigs a Chinese indigenous pig breed with redundant subcutaneous fat deposition and Large White pigs a lean-type pig breed with relatively low subcutaneous fat deposition. The expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs were compared by RNA-seq analysis to identify biomarkers correlated with the differences of subcutaneous fat deposition between the two breeds. Results A total of 1058 differentially expressed genes and 221 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified in subcutaneous adipocytes between Jiaxing Black and Large White pigs, which included 275 up-regulated mRNAs, 783 down-regulated mRNAs, 118 up-regulated lncRNAs and 103 down-regulated lncRNAs. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed lncRNAs were mainly involved in the immune response, cell fate determination, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway, which are known to be related to adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. The expression levels of differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed lncRNAs according to the RNA-seq data were verified by quantitative PCR, which showed 81.8% consistency. The differences in MAPK pathway activity between Jiaxing Black and Large White pigs was confirmed by western blot analysis, which revealed elevated p38 phosphorylation in Jiaxing Black pigs. Conclusions This study offers a detailed characterization of mRNAs and lncRNAs in fat- and lean-type pig breeds. The activity of the MAPK signaling pathway was found to be associated with subcutaneous adipogenesis. These results provide new targets for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms regulating subcutaneous fat deposition in pigs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07361-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qin Huangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qin Huangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qin Huangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
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7
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Adhikari S, Nayek K, Bandyopadhyay A, Mandal P. Implication of therapeutic outcomes associated with molecular characterization of paediatric aplastic anaemia. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100899. [PMID: 33490648 PMCID: PMC7809188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Severe aplastic anemia is characterized by a hypocellular bone marrow and peripheral cytopenia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) development and the development of microenvironment suitable for hematopoiesis. Molecular characterization of telomere maintenance pathway and gene expression profiling of MSCs can be important for the therapeutic interventions among paediatric aplastic anaemia patients. Methods The study involved paediatric aplastic anaemia patients (n = 10) and age matched paediatric healthy donors (n = 8). Peripheral blood samples were collected from the individuals. Average leucocyte telomere length and gene expression of the telomere maintenance genes were determined by quantitative real time PCR. Microarray based gene expression profiles (GSE33812) of MSCs for five paediatric aplastic anaemia patients were analyzed compared to five healthy controls and the data was downloaded from the GEO database. Results The telomere length was significantly shorter among paediatric AA patients compared to age matched healthy donors. Interestingly, one subgroup (n = 2) of paediatric AA patients has moderate telomere length comparable to age matched healthy donors. Based on the gene expression analysis of telomere maintenance pathway, TERF2 was significantly downregulated among paediatric patients with shorter telomere length but not among paediatric patients with moderate telomere length. Gene expression profiling of MSCs revealed three differentially expressed genes (GAS2L3, MK167 and TMSB15A) among the patients and was associated with therapeutic outcome. Conclusion Telomere length estimation and gene expression patterns of the MSCs and telomere length maintenance pathway may serve as a potential biomarker and could be associated with therapeutic choice of paediatric aplastic anaemia patients. One subgroup of paediatric AA patients has moderate telomere length comparable to age matched healthy donors. TERF2 was differentially downregulated among paediatric patients with shorter telomere length. Differential downregulation of GAS2L3, MK167 and TMSB15A genes in MSCs among the patients with immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Adhikari
- Biomedical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaustav Nayek
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Burdwan Medical College & Hospital, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Paramita Mandal
- Biomedical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
- Corresponding author. Biomedical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India.
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8
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Gencer S, Lacy M, Atzler D, van der Vorst EPC, Döring Y, Weber C. Immunoinflammatory, Thrombohaemostatic, and Cardiovascular Mechanisms in COVID-19. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1629-1641. [PMID: 33124029 PMCID: PMC7869061 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has deranged the recent history of humankind, afflicting more than 27 million individuals to date. While the majority of COVID-19 patients recuperate, a considerable number of patients develop severe complications. Bilateral pneumonia constitutes the hallmark of severe COVID-19 disease but an involvement of other organ systems, namely the cardiovascular system, kidneys, liver, and central nervous system, occurs in at least half of the fatal COVID-19 cases. Besides respiratory failure requiring ventilation, patients with severe COVID-19 often display manifestations of systemic inflammation and thrombosis as well as diffuse microvascular injury observed postmortem. In this review, we survey the mechanisms that may explain how viral entry and activation of endothelial cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can give rise to a series of events including systemic inflammation, thrombosis, and microvascular dysfunction. This pathophysiological scenario may be particularly harmful in patients with overt cardiovascular disease and may drive the fatal aspects of COVID-19. We further shed light on the role of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system and its inhibitors in the context of COVID-19 and discuss the potential impact of antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment options. Acknowledging the comorbidities and potential organ injuries throughout the course of severe COVID-19 is crucial in the clinical management of patients affecting treatment approaches and recovery rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Gencer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lacy
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Walther Straub Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Divison of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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9
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Tao XR, Rong JB, Lu HS, Daugherty A, Shi P, Ke CL, Zhang ZC, Xu YC, Wang JA. Angiotensinogen in hepatocytes contributes to Western diet-induced liver steatosis. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1983-1995. [PMID: 31604805 PMCID: PMC6889717 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m093252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as a liver manifestation of metabolic disorders. Previous studies indicate that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a complex role in NAFLD. As the only precursor of the RAS, decreased angiotensinogen (AGT) profoundly impacts RAS bioactivity. Here, we investigated the role of hepatocyte-derived AGT in liver steatosis. AGT floxed mice (hepAGT+/+) and hepatocyte-specific AGT-deficient mice (hepAGT−/−) were fed a Western diet and a normal laboratory diet for 12 weeks, respectively. Compared with hepAGT+/+ mice, Western diet-fed hepAGT−/− mice gained less body weight with improved insulin sensitivity. The attenuated severity of liver steatosis in hepAGT−/− mice was evidenced by histologic changes and reduced intrahepatic triglycerides. The abundance of SREBP1 and its downstream molecules, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and FASN, was suppressed in hepAGT−/− mice. Furthermore, serum derived from hepAGT+/+ mice stimulated hepatocyte SREBP1 expression, which could be diminished by protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition in vitro. Administration of losartan did not affect diet-induced body weight gain, liver steatosis severity, and hepatic p-Akt, p-mTOR, and SREBP1 protein abundance in hepAGT+/+ mice. These data suggest that attenuation of Western diet-induced liver steatosis in hepAGT−/− mice is associated with the alternation of the Akt/mTOR/SREBP-1c pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Bing Rong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong S Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Peng Shi
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Le Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Cai Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Chuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-An Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Li H, Wang X, Lu X, Zhu H, Li S, Duan S, Zhao X, Zhang F, Alterovitz G, Wang F, Li Q, Tian XL, Xu M. Co-expression network analysis identified hub genes critical to triglyceride and free fatty acid metabolism as key regulators of age-related vascular dysfunction in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7620-7638. [PMID: 31514170 PMCID: PMC6781998 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Aging has often been linked to age-related vascular disorders. The elucidation of the putative genes and pathways underlying vascular aging likely provides useful insights into vascular diseases at advanced ages. Transcriptional regulatory network analysis is the key to describing genetic interactions between molecular regulators and their target gene transcriptionally changed during vascular aging. Results: A total of 469 differentially expressed genes were parsed into 6 modules. Among the incorporated sample traits, the most significant module related to vascular aging was associated with triglyceride and enriched with biological terms like proteolysis, blood circulation, and circulatory system process. The module associated with triglyceride was preserved in an independent microarray dataset, indicating the robustness of the identified vascular aging-related subnetwork. Additionally, Enpp5, Fez1, Kif1a, F3, H2-Q7, and their interacting miRNAs mmu-miR-449a, mmu-miR-449c, mmu-miR-34c, mmu-miR-34b-5p, mmu-miR-15a, and mmu-let-7, exhibited the most connectivity with external lipid-related traits. Transcriptional alterations of the hub genes Enpp5, Fez1, Kif1a, and F3, and the interacting microRNAs mmu-miR-34c, mmu-miR-34b-5p, mmu-let-7, mmu-miR-449a, and mmu-miR-449c were confirmed. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that triglyceride and free fatty acid-related genes are key regulators of age-related vascular dysfunction in mice and show that the hub genes for Enpp5, Fez1, Kif1a, and F3 as well as their interacting miRNAs mmu-miR-34c, mmu-miR-34b-5p, mmu-let-7, mmu-miR-449a, and mmu-miR-449c, could serve as potential biomarkers in vascular aging. Methods: The microarray gene expression profiles of aorta samples from 6-month old mice (n=6) and 20-month old mice (n=6) were processed to identify nominal differentially expressed genes. These nominal differentially expressed genes were subjected to a weighted gene co-expression network analysis. A network-driven integrative analysis with microRNAs and transcription factors was performed to define significant modules and underlying regulatory pathways associated with vascular aging, and module preservation test was conducted to validate the age-related modules based on an independent microarray gene expression dataset in mice aorta samples including three 32-week old wild-type mice (around 6-month old) and three 78-week old wild-type mice (around 20-month old). Gene ontology and protein-protein interaction analyses were conducted to determine the hub genes as potential biomarkers in the progress of vascular aging. The hub genes were further validated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in aorta samples from 20 young (6-month old) mice and 20 old (20-month old) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hongxin Zhu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- , Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Xinzhi Zhao
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | | | - Gil Alterovitz
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fudi Wang
- School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Department of Human Population Genetics, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Mingqing Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Scavone M, Chiarello P, Talarico V, Mascaro I, Caglioti C, Galati MC, Raiola G. A case of Kallmann syndrome associated to a novel missense mutation of the FGFR1 gene. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2019; 90:577-579. [PMID: 31910188 PMCID: PMC7233765 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i4.7170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss-of-function mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene (FGFR1) have been reported so far. These mutations have been described in the extracellular domain, consisting of three Ig-like domains in the single transmembrane helix and in the intracellular region, containing a tyrosine kinase domain and cause about 10% of all cases of Kallmann syndrome. FRGR1 mutations could be associated with non reproductive phenotype such as cleft palate and dental agenesis and a wide spectrum of reproductive phenotype. CASE REPORT The patient, 17 years and 11 months old, was a Bulgarian male referred to our Pediatric Endocrinology Unit for pubertal failure and hyposmia. Clinical evaluation revealed a highpitched voice, gynecomastia and obesity. Hormonal study revealed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Molecular analysis, performed by Next Generation Sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing, led to the identification of a novel and previously undescribed mutation c.1058 C>G (p. S353C) in heterozygous state on exon 8 of the FGFR1 gene. CONCLUSION The novel mutation, that we found in a boy with Kallman syndrome, could destabilize the D3 immunoglobulin like receptor domain that is crucial for the FGF-FGFR interaction. (www.actabiomedica.it).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scavone
- Unit of Pediatrics, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarello
- Unit of Pediatrics, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Talarico
- Unit of Pediatrics, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Italia Mascaro
- Unit of Neonatology, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Caglioti
- Unit of Pediatrics, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Galati
- Unit of Pediatric Oncohematology, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Raiola
- Unit of Pediatrics, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy,Correspondence: Giuseppe Raiola Unit of Pediatrics, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital, Viale pio X, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy E-mail:
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12
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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13
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Modulation of the renin-angiotensin system in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle: focus on exercise training. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1487-1507. [PMID: 30037837 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) increases the classical arm (Ang-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang II/Ang type 1 receptor (AT1R)) to the detriment of the protective arm (ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas receptor (MasR)). The components of the RAS are present locally in white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle, which act co-operatively, through specific mediators, in response to pathophysiological changes. In WAT, up-regulation of the classical arm promotes lipogenesis and reduces lipolysis and adipogenesis, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy and lipid storage, which are related to insulin resistance and increased inflammation. In skeletal muscle, the classical arm promotes protein degradation and increases the inflammatory status and oxidative stress, leading to muscle wasting. Conversely, the protective arm plays a counter-regulatory role by opposing the effect of Ang II. The accumulation of adipose tissue and muscle mass loss is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, which could be related, in part, to overactivation of the RAS. On the other hand, exercise training (ExT) shifts the balance of the RAS towards the protective arm, promoting the inhibition of the classical arm in parallel with the stimulation of the protective arm. Thus, fat mobilization and maintenance of muscle mass and function are facilitated. However, the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced changes in the RAS remain unclear. In this review, we present the RAS as a key mechanism of WAT and skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss the interaction between the RAS and exercise and the possible underlying mechanisms of the health-related aspects of ExT.
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14
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Pahlavani M, Kalupahana NS, Ramalingam L, Moustaid-Moussa N. Regulation and Functions of the Renin-Angiotensin System in White and Brown Adipose Tissue. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1137-1150. [PMID: 28915321 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is a major regulator of blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte homeostasis. RAS precursor angiotensinogen (Agt) is cleaved into angiotensin I (Ang I) and II (Ang II) by renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), respectively. Major effects of Ang II, the main bioactive peptide of this system, is mediated by G protein coupled receptors, Angiotensin Type 1 (AGTR1, AT1R) and Type 2 (AGTR2, AT2R) receptors. Further, the discovery of additional RAS peptides such as Ang 1-7 generated by the action of another enzyme ACE2 identified novel functions of this complex system. In addition to the systemic RAS, several local RAS exist in organs such as the brain, kidney, pancreas, and adipose tissue. The expression and regulation of various components of RAS in adipose tissue prompted extensive research into the role of adipose RAS in metabolic diseases. Indeed, animal studies have shown that adipose-derived Agt contributes to circulating RAS, kidney, and blood pressure regulation. Further, mice overexpressing Agt have high blood pressure and increased adiposity characterized by inflammation, adipocyte hypertrophy, and insulin resistance, which can be reversed at least in part by RAS inhibition. These findings highlight the importance of this system in energy homeostasis, especially in the context of obesity. This overview article discusses the depot-specific functions of adipose RAS, genetic and pharmacological manipulations of RAS, and its applications to adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and overall energy homeostasis. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1137-1150, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Pahlavani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Nishan S Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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15
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Global transcriptome analysis identifies differentially expressed genes related to lipid metabolism in Wagyu and Holstein cattle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5278. [PMID: 28706200 PMCID: PMC5509646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat deposition of beef cattle varies between breeds. However, the regulation mechanism is still not elucidated completely at molecular level. In the present study, we comparatively analyzed transcriptome of subcutaneous adipose tissue between Wagyu and Holstein cattle with a significant difference in fat deposition to identify key genes associated with fat metabolism and adipogenesis by high-throughput RNA-seq technology. A total of 59,149,852 and 69,947,982 high quality reads were generated, respectively. With further analysis, 662 differentially expressed genes were identified. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that many differentially expressed genes were enriched in several biological processes and pathways relevant to adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, in which PPAR and fatty acid metabolism signaling pathways with related genes such as PPARγ, PLIN2 and ELOVL6 et al. play a critical role. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed EGR1, FOS, SERPINE1, AGT, MMP2 may have great impact on adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. Moreover, potential alternative splicing events and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also identified. In summary, we comprehensively analyzed and discussed the transcriptome of subcutaneous adipose tissue of Wagyu and Holstein cattle, which might provide a theoretical basis for better understanding molecular mechanism of fat metabolism and deposition in beef cattle.
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16
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Slamkova M, Zorad S, Krskova K. Alternative renin-angiotensin system pathways in adipose tissue and their role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Endocr Regul 2016; 50:229-240. [DOI: 10.1515/enr-2016-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Adipose tissue expresses all the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components that play an important role in the adipogenesis, lipid and glucose metabolism regulation in an auto/paracrine manner. The classical RAS has been found to be over-activated during the adipose tissue enlargement, thus elevated generation of angiotensin II (Ang II) may contribute to the obesity pathogenesis. The contemporary view on the RAS has become more complex with the discovery of alternative pathways, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7)/Mas receptor, (pro)renin receptor, as well as angiotensin IV(Ang IV)/AT4 receptor. Ang-(1-7) via Mas receptor counteracts with most of the deleterious effects of the Ang II-mediated by AT1 receptor implying its beneficial role in the glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Pro(renin) receptor may play a role (at least partial) in the pathogenesis of the obesity by increasing the local production of Ang II in adipose tissue as well as triggering signal transduction independently of Ang II. In this review, modulation of alternative RAS pathways in adipose tissue during obesity is discussed and the involvement of Ang-(1-7), (pro)renin and AT4 receptors in the regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis and insulin resistance is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Slamkova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - S Zorad
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - K Krskova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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17
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Ramalingam L, Menikdiwela K, LeMieux M, Dufour JM, Kaur G, Kalupahana N, Moustaid-Moussa N. The renin angiotensin system, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in obesity and insulin resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1106-1114. [PMID: 27497523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease characterized by excessive expansion of adipose tissue and is an important risk factor for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, obesity is a major contributor to inflammation and oxidative stress, all of which are key underlying causes for diabetes and insulin resistance. Specifically, adipose tissue secretes bioactives molecules such as inflammatory hormone angiotensin II, generated in the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) from its precursor angiotensinogen. Accumulated evidence suggests that RAS may serve as a strong link between obesity and insulin resistance. Dysregulation of RAS also occurs in several other tissues including those involved in regulation of glucose and whole body homeostasis as well as insulin sensitivity such as muscle, liver and pancreas and heart. Here we review the scientific evidence for these interactions and potential roles for oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in these target tissues which may mediate effects of RAS in metabolic diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spectrum of Diseases - edited by P. Hemachandra Reddy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Kalhara Menikdiwela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Monique LeMieux
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Women's University, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Jannette M Dufour
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Nishan Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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18
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Wu CH, Mohammadmoradi S, Thompson J, Su W, Gong M, Nguyen G, Yiannikouris F. Adipocyte (Pro)Renin-Receptor Deficiency Induces Lipodystrophy, Liver Steatosis and Increases Blood Pressure in Male Mice. Hypertension 2016; 68:213-9. [PMID: 27185751 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction related to obesity is overwhelmingly associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. In the setting of obesity, (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is increased in adipose tissue of mice. We sought to determine the physiological consequences of adipocyte-PRR deficiency using adiponectin-Cre mice. We report a unique model of adipocyte-PRR-deficient mice (PRR(Adi/Y)) with almost no detectable white adipose tissues. As a consequence, the livers of PRR(Adi/Y) mice were enlarged and demonstrated a marked accumulation of lipids. Adipocyte-specific deficiency of PRR increased systolic blood pressure and the concentration of soluble PRR in plasma. To determine whether adipocyte-PRR was involved in the development of obesity-induced hypertension, mice were fed a low-fat or a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Adipocyte-PRR-deficient mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity. Both high-fat- and low-fat-fed PRR(Adi/Y) mice had elevated insulin levels. Interestingly, adipocyte-PRR deficiency improved glucose tolerance in high-fat-fed PRR(Adi/Y) mice. In response to feeding either low-fat or high-fat diets, systolic blood pressure was greater in PRR(Adi/Y) mice than in control mice. High-fat feeding elevated soluble PRR concentration in control and PRR(Adi/Y) mice. In vitro knockdown of PRR by siRNA significantly decreased mRNA abundance of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), suggesting an important role for PRR in adipogenesis. Our data indicate that adipocyte-PRR is involved in lipid homeostasis and glucose and insulin homeostasis, and that soluble PRR may be a predictor of metabolic disturbances and play a role in systolic blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Wu
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., F.Y.), Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine (J.T.), and Department of Physiology (W.S., M.G.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Institut National de la Santè et de la Recherche Mèdicale (INSERM) U489 and Collège de France, Experimental Medicine Unit, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Shayan Mohammadmoradi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., F.Y.), Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine (J.T.), and Department of Physiology (W.S., M.G.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Institut National de la Santè et de la Recherche Mèdicale (INSERM) U489 and Collège de France, Experimental Medicine Unit, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Joel Thompson
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., F.Y.), Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine (J.T.), and Department of Physiology (W.S., M.G.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Institut National de la Santè et de la Recherche Mèdicale (INSERM) U489 and Collège de France, Experimental Medicine Unit, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Wen Su
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., F.Y.), Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine (J.T.), and Department of Physiology (W.S., M.G.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Institut National de la Santè et de la Recherche Mèdicale (INSERM) U489 and Collège de France, Experimental Medicine Unit, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Ming Gong
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., F.Y.), Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine (J.T.), and Department of Physiology (W.S., M.G.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Institut National de la Santè et de la Recherche Mèdicale (INSERM) U489 and Collège de France, Experimental Medicine Unit, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Genevieve Nguyen
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., F.Y.), Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine (J.T.), and Department of Physiology (W.S., M.G.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Institut National de la Santè et de la Recherche Mèdicale (INSERM) U489 and Collège de France, Experimental Medicine Unit, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Frédérique Yiannikouris
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., F.Y.), Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine (J.T.), and Department of Physiology (W.S., M.G.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Institut National de la Santè et de la Recherche Mèdicale (INSERM) U489 and Collège de France, Experimental Medicine Unit, Paris, France (G.N.).
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LeMieux MJ, Ramalingam L, Mynatt RL, Kalupahana NS, Kim JH, Moustaïd-Moussa N. Inactivation of adipose angiotensinogen reduces adipose tissue macrophages and increases metabolic activity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:359-67. [PMID: 26704350 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The adipose renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been linked to obesity-induced inflammation, though mechanisms are not completely understood. In this study, adipose-specific angiotensinogen knockout mice (Agt-KO) were generated to determine whether Agt inactivation reduces inflammation and alters the metabolic profile of the Agt-KO mice compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. METHODS Adipose tissue-specific Agt-KO mice were created using the Cre-LoxP system with both Agt-KO and WT littermates fed either a low-fat or high-fat diet to assess metabolic changes. White adipose tissue was used for gene/protein expression analyses and WAT stromal vascular cells for metabolic extracellular flux assays. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in body weight or fat mass between both genotypes on either diet. However, improved glucose clearance was observed in Agt-KO compared to WT littermates, consistent with higher expression of genes involved in insulin signaling, glucose transport, and fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, Agt inactivation reduced total macrophage infiltration in Agt-KO mice fed both diets. Lastly, stroma vascular cells from Agt-KO mice revealed higher metabolic activity compared to WT mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that adipose-specific Agt inactivation leads to reduced adipose inflammation and increased glucose tolerance mediated in part via increased metabolic activity of adipose cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique J LeMieux
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Randall L Mynatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nishan S Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Jung Han Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
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Magliano DC, Penna-de-Carvalho A, Vazquez-Carrera M, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Short-term administration of GW501516 improves inflammatory state in white adipose tissue and liver damage in high-fructose-fed mice through modulation of the renin-angiotensin system. Endocrine 2015; 50:355-67. [PMID: 25854303 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High activation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/(angiotensin-II type 1 receptor) AT1r axis is closely linked to pro-inflammatory effects and liver damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the short-term administration of GW501516 on pro-inflammatory markers in white adipose tissue (WAT) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), lipogenesis and insulin resistance in the liver upon high-fructose diet (HFru)-induced ACE/AT1r axis activation. Three-month-old male C57Bl/6 mice were fed a standard chow diet or a HFru for 8 weeks. Then, the animals were separated randomly into four groups and treated with GW501516 for 3 weeks. Morphological variables, systolic blood pressure, and plasma determinations were analyzed. In the WAT, the ACE/AT1r axis and pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed, and in the liver, the ACE/AT1r axis, HSCs, fatty acid oxidation, insulin resistance, and AMPK activation were evaluated. The HFru group displayed a high activation of the ACE/AT1r axis in both the WAT and liver; consequently, we detected inflammation and liver damage. Although GW501516 abolished the increased activation of the ACE/AT1r axis in the WAT, no differences were found in the liver. GW501516 blunted the inflammatory state in the WAT and reduced HSC activation in the liver. In addition, GW501516 alleviates damage in the liver by increasing the expression of the genes that regulate beta-oxidation and decreasing the expression of the genes and proteins that are involved in lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. We conclude that GW501516 may serve as a therapeutic option for the treatment of a highly activated ACE/AT1r axis in WAT and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'Angelo C Magliano
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aline Penna-de-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Manuel Vazquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Marcia B Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil
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Bargut TCL, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. A high-fish-oil diet prevents adiposity and modulates white adipose tissue inflammation pathways in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:960-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ota T. Obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:204. [PMID: 25538683 PMCID: PMC4255620 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- *Correspondence:
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Osikhov IA, Bespalova ID, Bychkov VA, Ryazantseva NV, Kalyuzhin VV, Afanasyeva DS, Murashev BY. DISORDER OF INTERCELLULAR CORRELATIONS IN PATHOGENESIS OF FATTY TISSUE INFLAMMATION IN METABOLIC SYNDROME. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2013-6-144-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the fact that nowadays mechanisms of syntropy of pathological conditions and nosological units, united within the metabolic syndrome, remain unclear, the scientific review attempts to summarize data on the role of fatty tissue inflammation in pathogenesis of this symptom complex. The results of recent major foreign studies on evaluation of pro-inflammatory activity of adipocytes and macrophages of the fatty tissue, as well as the data on peculiarities of their interactions in abdominal obesity, which is the main component of the metabolic syndrome, were analyzed. Studing pathogenesis of fatty tissue inflammation from the perspective of evaluation of disorders in cell cooperation will allow to more deeply understand cellular and molecular mechanisms of this process as well as open new avenues for developing new pathogenetically justified approaches to metabolic syndrome treatment.
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Attenuation of hyperlipidemia- and diabetes-induced early-stage apoptosis and late-stage renal dysfunction via administration of fibroblast growth factor-21 is associated with suppression of renal inflammation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82275. [PMID: 24349242 PMCID: PMC3857822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipotoxicity is a key feature of the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, and is attributed to excessive lipid accumulation (hyperlipidemia). Increasing evidence suggests that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21 has a crucial role in lipid metabolism under diabetic conditions. Objective The present study investigated whether FGF21 can prevent hyperlipidemia- or diabetes-induced renal damage, and if so, the possible mechanism. Methods Mice were injected with free fatty acids (FFAs, 10 mg/10 g body weight) or streptozotocin (150 mg/kg) to establish a lipotoxic model or type 1 diabetic model, respectively. Simultaneously the mice were treated with FGF21 (100 µg/kg) for 10 or 80 days. The kidney weight-to-tibia length ratio and renal function were assessed. Systematic and renal lipid levels were detected by ELISA and Oil Red O staining. Renal apoptosis was examined by TUNEL assay. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis were assessed by Western blot. Results Acute FFA administration and chronic diabetes were associated with lower kidney-to-tibia length ratio, higher lipid levels, severe renal apoptosis and renal dysfunction. Obvious inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis also observed in the kidney of both mice models. Deletion of the fgf21 gene further enhanced the above pathological changes, which were significantly prevented by administration of exogenous FGF21. Conclusion These results suggest that FFA administration and diabetes induced renal damage, which was further enhanced in FGF21 knock-out mice. Administration of FGF21 significantly prevented both FFA- and diabetes-induced renal damage partially by decreasing renal lipid accumulation and suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis.
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The renin-angiotensin system in adipose tissue and its metabolic consequences during obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:2003-15. [PMID: 24120291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide disease that is accompanied by several metabolic abnormalities such as hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The accelerated adipose tissue growth and fat cell hypertrophy during the onset of obesity precedes adipocyte dysfunction. One of the features of adipocyte dysfunction is dysregulated adipokine secretion, which leads to an imbalance of pro-inflammatory, pro-atherogenic versus anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing adipokines. The production of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components by adipocytes is exacerbated during obesity, contributing to the systemic RAS and its consequences. Increased adipose tissue RAS has been described in various models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) including fructose and high-fat feeding. Up-regulation of the adipose RAS by DIO promotes inflammation, lipogenesis and reactive oxygen species generation and impairs insulin signaling, all of which worsen the adipose environment. Consequently, the increase of circulating RAS, for which adipose tissue is partially responsible, represents a link between hypertension, insulin resistance in diabetes and inflammation during obesity. However, other nutrients and food components such as soy protein attenuate adipose RAS, decrease adiposity, and improve adipocyte functionality. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which adipose RAS modulates systemic RAS and how it is enhanced in obesity, which will explain the simultaneous development of metabolic syndrome alterations. Finally, dietary interventions that prevent obesity and adipocyte dysfunction will maintain normal RAS concentrations and effects, thus preventing metabolic diseases that are associated with RAS enhancement.
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