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Keckstein S, Tilgener C, Jeschke U, Hofmann S, Vilsmaier T, Keilmann L, Heidegger H, Kaltofen T, Batz F, Mahner S, Schröder L. Effects of matcha tea extract on cell viability and estrogen receptor-β expression on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:1509-1514. [PMID: 37737883 PMCID: PMC10894130 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the following work, we investigated the effect of matcha green tea extract (MTE) on MCF-7 breast cancer cell viability and estrogen receptor-beta expression (ERβ). METHODS MCF-7 cells were stimulated with MTE at concentrations of 5 and 10 µg/ml. Cell viability was assessed using a water-soluble tetrazolium assay (WST-1 assay) after an incubation time of 72 h. ERβ was quantified at gene level by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A western blot (WB) was carried out for the qualitative assessment of the expression behavior of on a protein level. RESULTS The WST-1 test showed a significant inhibition of viability in MFC-7 cells after 72 h at 10 µg/ml. The WB demonstrated a significant quantitative decrease of ERβ at protein level with MTE concentrations of 10 µg/ml. In contrast, the PCR did not result in significant downregulation of ERβ. CONCLUSION MTE decreases the cell viability of MCF-7 cells and furthermore leads to a decrease of ERβ at protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Keckstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Constantin Tilgener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology and Transplant Surgery, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Simone Hofmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Vilsmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucia Keilmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Helene Heidegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Till Kaltofen
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Falk Batz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Lennard Schröder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Bollino D, Woodard N, Tighe KM, Ma X, Casildo A, D'Adamo CR, Emadi A, Knott CL. Community-engaged basic science in an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center: antioxidants and chemotherapeutic efficacy. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:417-427. [PMID: 37812336 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While community engagement has been a longstanding aspect of cancer-relevant research in social and behavioral sciences, it is far less common in basic/translational/clinical research. With the National Cancer Institute's incorporation of Community Outreach and Engagement into the Cancer Center Support Grant guidelines, successful models are desirable. We report on a pilot study supported by the University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center (UMGCCC), that used a community-engaged, data-driven process to inform a pre-clinical study of the impact of antioxidants on the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapeutics. METHODS We conducted a survey of UMGCCC catchment area residents (n = 120) to identify commonly used antioxidants. We then evaluated the effect of individually combining commonly used antioxidants from the survey (vitamin C, green tea, and melatonin) with platinum agents in models of non-small cell lung cancer (A549), colon adenocarcinoma (SW620) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (FaDu). RESULTS In vitro, the anti-neoplastic activity of each chemotherapy was not potentiated by any of the antioxidants. Instead, when combined at fixed ratios, most antioxidant-chemotherapy combinations were antagonistic. In vivo, addition of antioxidants did not improve chemotherapeutic efficacy and in a FaDu-tumor bearing model, cisplatin-mediated tumor growth inhibition was significantly impeded by the addition of epigallocatechin gallate, the main antioxidant in green tea. CONCLUSION These initial findings do not support addition of antioxidant supplementation to improve platinum-based chemotherapeutic efficacy. This study's approach can serve as a model of how to bring together the two seemingly discordant areas of basic research and community engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bollino
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Woodard
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kayla M Tighe
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinrong Ma
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Casildo
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher R D'Adamo
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashkan Emadi
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheryl L Knott
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Office of Community Outreach and Engagement, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Xu H, Pang Y, Sun W, Luo Y. Alleviation effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against acute kidney injury following severe burns. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024; 28:136-143. [PMID: 37847436 PMCID: PMC10808135 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-023-02414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn patients often face a high risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) after severe burn injuries, meanwhile epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been proven to be effective in alleviating organ injury. METHODS This study used the classical burn model in rats. Thirty model rats were randomly divided into a Burn group, a Burn + placebo group, a Burn + EGCG (50 mg/kg) group, and ten non-model rats as Sham group. The urinary excretion of the rats was subsequently monitored for a period of 48 h. After 48 h of different treatments, rat serum and kidneys were taken for the further verification. The efficacy of EGCG was assessed in pathological sections, biochemical indexes, and at the molecular level. RESULTS Pathological sections were compared between the Burn group and Burn + placebo group. The rats in the Burn + EGCG group had less kidney damage. Moreover, the EGCG group maintained significantly elevated urine volumes, biochemical indexes manifested that EGCG could reduce serum creatinine (Cr) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) level and inhibit the oxidation-related enzyme malondialdehyde (MDA) level, meanwhile the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was increased. The molecular level showed that EGCG significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of the inflammation-related molecules interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). CONCLUSION The research indicated that EGCG had an alleviating effect on kidney injury in severely burned rats, and its alleviating effects were related to improving kidney functions, alleviating oxidative stress, and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xu
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yichao Pang
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, 225001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Polyphenols as Potent Epigenetics Agents for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911712. [PMID: 36233012 PMCID: PMC9570183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human diseases such as cancer can be caused by aberrant epigenetic regulation. Polyphenols play a major role in mammalian epigenome regulation through mechanisms and proteins that remodel chromatin. In fruits, seeds, and vegetables, as well as food supplements, polyphenols are found. Compounds such as these ones are powerful anticancer agents and antioxidants. Gallic acid, kaempferol, curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol, among others, have potent anti-tumor effects by helping reverse epigenetic changes associated with oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation. The role dietary polyphenols plays in restoring epigenetic alterations in cancer cells with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications was summarized. We also discussed how these natural compounds modulate gene expression at the epigenetic level and described their molecular targets in cancer. It highlights the potential of polyphenols as an alternative therapeutic approach in cancer since they modulate epigenetic activity.
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Wu H, Huang D, Zhou H, Sima X, Wu Z, Sun Y, Wang L, Ruan Y, Wu Q, Wu F, She T, Chu Y, Huang Q, Ning Z, Zhang H. Metformin: A promising drug for human cancers. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:204. [PMID: 35720480 PMCID: PMC9178677 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule chemical drugs are of great significance for tumor-targeted and individualized therapies. However, the development of new small-molecule drugs, from basic experimental research and clinical trials to final application in clinical practice, is a long process that has a high cost. It takes at least 5 years for most drugs to be developed in the laboratory to prove their effectiveness and safety. Compared with the development of new drugs, repurposing traditional non-tumor drugs can be a shortcut. Metformin is a good model for a new use of an old drug. In recent years, the antitumor efficacy of metformin has attracted much attention. Epidemiological data and in vivo, and in vitro experiments have shown that metformin can reduce the incidence of cancer in patients with diabetes and has a strong antagonistic effect on metabolism-related tumors. Recent studies have shown that metformin can induce autophagy in esophageal cancer cells, mainly by inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. In recent years, studies have shown that the antitumor functions and mechanisms of metformin are multifaceted. The present study aims to review the application of metformin in tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnian Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Enshi State Central Hospital, Enshi, Hubei 445099, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Sima
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ruan
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wu
- Nursing School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- Stomatology and Optometry School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Tonghui She
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Enshi State Central Hospital, Enshi, Hubei 445099, P.R. China
| | - Qizhi Huang
- Department of Clinical Lab, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medicine School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Regulation of DAPK1 by Natural Products: An Important Target in Treatment of Stroke. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2142-2157. [PMID: 35674928 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a sudden neurological disorder that occurs due to impaired blood flow to an area of the brain. Stroke can be caused by the blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, called ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively. Stroke is more common in men than women. Atrial fibrillation, hypertension, kidney disease, high cholesterol and lipids, genetic predisposition, inactivity, poor nutrition, diabetes mellitus, family history and smoking are factors that increase the risk of stroke. Restoring blood flow by repositioning blocked arteries using thrombolytic agents or endovascular therapy are the most effective treatments for stroke. However, restoring circulation after thrombolysis can cause fatal edema or intracranial hemorrhage, and worsen brain damage in a process known as ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, there is a pressing need to find and develop more effective treatments for stroke. In the past, the first choice of treatment was based on natural compounds. Natural compounds are able to reduce the symptoms and reduce various diseases including stroke that attract the attention of the pharmaceutical industry. Nowadays, as a result of the numerous studies carried out in the field of herbal medicine, many useful and valuable effects of plants have been identified. The death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) family is one of the vital families of serine/threonine kinases involved in the regulation of some biological functions in human cells. DAPK1 is the most studied kinase within the DAPKs family as it is involved in neuronal and recovery processes. Dysregulation of DAPK1 in the brain is involved in the developing neurological diseases such as stroke. Natural products can function in a variety of ways, including reducing cerebral edema, reducing brain endothelial cell death, and inhibiting TNFα and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) through regulating the DAPK1 signal against stroke. Due to the role of DAPK1 in neurological disorders, the aim of this article was to investigate the role of DAPK1 in stroke and its modulation by natural compounds.
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The influence of antioxidant dietary-derived polyphenolic combination on breast cancer: Molecular study. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112835. [PMID: 35325850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of female mortality worldwide. Therefore, novel complementary treatments have been sought. Recently, there has been a growing interest in investigating the possible complementary effects of polyphenolic compounds against various malignancies. In the present study, using MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma cells, the anticancer efficacy of a polyphenolic mixture (PFM) was investigated. PFM is composed of curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, and quercetin. PFM treatment led to a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, with IC50 values of 25.9 ± 3 µg/ml and 29.4 ± 0.9 µg/ml for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. In addition, PFM induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells and cell cycle arrest at the S phase in MCF-7 cells. Using RT-qPCR, PFM treatment was observed to result in significant downregulation of the oncogenic miR-155 (P < 0.05), as well as significant downregulation of the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme, hexokinase 2 (HK2) (P < 0.05), while upregulating the expression of the zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 gene (P < 0.01). PFM was also found to exert an anti-migration effect in breast cancer cells using the wound healing assay, as well as significantly (P < 0.05) increasing the median survival of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest that PFM possesses potential antitumor effects against breast cancer. A possible mechanism of action could be due to PFM's effect in modulating the expression of the glycolytic enzyme HK2 through suppression of miR-155 in MCF-7 cells. Combining polyphenolic compounds that interact with one another could result in synergistic effects that potentially target various tumour hallmarks.
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G MS, Swetha M, Keerthana CK, Rayginia TP, Anto RJ. Cancer Chemoprevention: A Strategic Approach Using Phytochemicals. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:809308. [PMID: 35095521 PMCID: PMC8793885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.809308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention approaches are aimed at preventing, delaying, or suppressing tumor incidence using synthetic or natural bioactive agents. Mechanistically, chemopreventive agents also aid in mitigating cancer development, either by impeding DNA damage or by blocking the division of premalignant cells with DNA damage. Several pre-clinical studies have substantiated the benefits of using various dietary components as chemopreventives in cancer therapy. The incessant rise in the number of cancer cases globally is an issue of major concern. The excessive toxicity and chemoresistance associated with conventional chemotherapies decrease the success rates of the existent chemotherapeutic regimen, which warrants the need for an efficient and safer alternative therapeutic approach. In this scenario, chemopreventive agents have been proven to be successful in protecting the high-risk populations from cancer, which further validates chemoprevention strategy as rational and promising. Clinical studies have shown the effectiveness of this approach in managing cancers of different origins. Phytochemicals, which constitute an appreciable proportion of currently used chemotherapeutic drugs, have been tested for their chemopreventive efficacy. This review primarily aims to highlight the efficacy of phytochemicals, currently being investigated globally as chemopreventives. The clinical relevance of chemoprevention, with special emphasis on the phytochemicals, curcumin, resveratrol, tryptanthrin, kaempferol, gingerol, emodin, quercetin genistein and epigallocatechingallate, which are potential candidates due to their ability to regulate multiple survival pathways without inducing toxicity, forms the crux of this review. The majority of these phytochemicals are polyphenols and flavanoids. We have analyzed how the key molecular targets of these chemopreventives potentially counteract the key drivers of chemoresistance, causing minimum toxicity to the body. An overview of the underlying mechanism of action of these phytochemicals in regulating the key players of cancer progression and tumor suppression is discussed in this review. A summary of the clinical trials on the important phytochemicals that emerge as chemopreventives is also incorporated. We elaborate on the pre-clinical and clinical observations, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and molecular targets of some of these natural products. To summarize, the scope of this review comprises of the current status, limitations, and future directions of cancer chemoprevention, emphasizing the potency of phytochemicals as effective chemopreventives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Shankar G
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mundanattu Swetha
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - C K Keerthana
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Tennyson P Rayginia
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Keckstein S, Tilgener C, Jeschke U, Hofmann S, Vilsmaier T, Kaltofen T, Heidegger H, Batz F, Mahner S, Schröder L. Effects of matcha tea extract on cell viability and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression on T47D breast cancer cells. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 306:451-459. [PMID: 35079875 PMCID: PMC9349150 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the following work, we investigated the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-dependent proliferation behavior of breast cancer cells after stimulation with matcha green tea extract (MTE). METHODS T47D cells were stimulated with MTE at concentrations of 5, 10 and 50 µg/ml. Cell viability was assessed using a WST-1 assay after an incubation time of 72 h. PPARγ expression was quantified at the gene level by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A western blot (WB) was carried out for the qualitative assessment of the expression behavior of on a protein level. RESULTS The WST-1 test showed a significant inhibition of viability in T47D cells after 72 h at 5, 10 and 50 µg/ml. The PCR showed an overexpression of PPARγ in T47D cells in all concentrations. At the concentration of 50 µg/ml the expression was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The WB demonstrated a significant quantitative increase of PPARγ at protein level with MTE concentrations of 10 and 50 µg/ml. In addition, there was a negative correlation between the overexpression of PPAR γ and the inhibition of proliferation. CONCLUSION MTE decreases the cell viability of T47D cells and furthermore leads to an overexpression of PPARγ on protein and mRNA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Keckstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Constantin Tilgener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology and Transplant Surgery, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße. 60, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Simone Hofmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Vilsmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Till Kaltofen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Helene Heidegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Falk Batz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Lennard Schröder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Cytoprotective roles of epigallocatechin gallate and resveratrol on staurosporine-treated mesenchymal stem cells in in vitro culture. HERBA POLONICA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2021-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: There are many scientific reports on the beneficial effects of epigallocatechin gallate and resveratrol on the human body, e.g. antioxidant properties, a protective effect on the circulatory system and reduction of inflammation.
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of these substances on the survival of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the presence of the pro-apoptotic factor staurosporine.
Methods: Cell viability WST-1 colorimetric assay.
Results: It was confirmed that both 25 µM/ml and 50 µM/ml of epigallocatechin and 50 µM/ml of resveratrol statistically significantly increased the MSC survival rate.
Conclusion: An excess supply of epigallocatechin gallate (50 µM/ml and higher) has a cytotoxic effect on MSC, which may have a negative impact on the body’s auto-regenerative capacity. Under toxic and stressful conditions, resveratrol and epigallocatechin gallate perform cytoprotective functions, thereby reducing the negative impact of toxic environmental conditions on the mesenchymal stem cells.
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Romano A, Martel F. The Role of EGCG in Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:883-898. [PMID: 33319659 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201211194445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Green tea has been studied for breast cancer chemopreventive and possibly chemotherapeutic effects due to its high content in polyphenolic compounds, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). METHOD This review is based on literature research that included papers registered on the Medline® database. The research was conducted through PubMed, applying the following query: "EGCG"AND "breast cancer". The result was a total of 88 articles in which this review stands on. RESULTS In vitro, EGCG shows antioxidant or pro-oxidant properties, depending on the concentration and exposure time. EGCG blocks cell cycle progression and modulates signaling pathways that affect cell proliferation and differentiation. EGCG also induces apoptosis, negatively modulates different steps involved in metastasis, and targets angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF transcription. In vivo investigations have shown that oral administration of EGCG results in the reduction of tumor growth and in antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects in animal xenograft and allograft models. DISCUSSION Much remains unknown about the molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects of EGCG on mammary carcinogenesis. In addition, more studies in vivo are necessary to determine the potential toxicity of EGCG at higher doses and to elucidate its interactions with other drugs. CONCLUSION A protective effect of EGCG has been shown in different experimental models and under different experimental conditions, suggesting clinical implications of EGCG for breast cancer prevention and therapy. The data presented in this review support the importance of further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Romano
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Department of Biomedicine-Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude(i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Chandra G, Patel S, Panchal M, Singh DV. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine Hydrolase: Its Inhibitory Activity Against Plasmodium falciparum and Development of Malaria Drugs. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:833-846. [PMID: 33342411 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666201218155321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parasite Plasmodium falciparum is continuously giving a challenge to human beings by changing itself against most of the antimalarial drugs and its consequences can be seen in the form of a huge number of deaths each year especially in the poor and developing country. Due to its drug resistance ability, new drugs are regularly needed to kill the organism. Many new drugs have been developed based on different mechanisms. One of the potential mechanisms is to hamper protein synthesis by blocking the gene expression. S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase is a NAD+ dependent tetrameric enzyme, which is responsible for the reversible hydrolysis of AdoHcy to adenosine and L-homocysteine, has been recognized as a new target for antimalarial agents since the parasite has a specific SAH hydrolase. The inhibition of SAH hydrolase causes the intracellular accumulation of S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine, elevating the ratio of SAH to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and inhibiting SAM-dependent methyltransferase that catalyzes methylation of the capped structure at the 5'-terminus of mRNA, and other methylation reaction which is essential for parasite proliferation. In other words, S-Adenosyl-Lhomocysteine hydrolase regulates methyltransferase reactions. In this way, SAH hydrolase inhibitors can be used for the treatment of different diseases like malaria, cancer, viral infection, etc. by ultimately stopping the synthesis of protein. Many antiviral drugs have been synthesized and marketed which are based on the inhibition of SAH hydrolase. This review summarises the development of SAH inhibitors developed over the last 20 years and their potentiality for the treatment of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Samridhi Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Manoj Panchal
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Durg Vijay Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
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Singh Y, Salker MS, Lang F. Green Tea Polyphenol-Sensitive Calcium Signaling in Immune T Cell Function. Front Nutr 2021; 7:616934. [PMID: 33585537 PMCID: PMC7876374 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.616934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol compounds found in green tea have a great therapeutic potential to influence multiple human diseases including malignancy and inflammation. In this mini review, we describe effects of green tea and the most important component EGCG in malignancy and inflammation. We focus on cellular mechanisms involved in the modification of T cell function by green tea polyphenol EGCG. The case is made that EGCG downregulates calcium channel activity by influencing miRNAs regulating expression of the channel at the post-transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Florian Lang
- Institute of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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Mukherjee S, Dutta A, Chakraborty A. External modulators and redox homeostasis: Scenario in radiation-induced bystander cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 787:108368. [PMID: 34083032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is imperative to maintain normal physiologic and metabolic functions. Radiotherapy disturbs this balance and induces genomic instability in diseased cells. However, radiation-induced effects propagate beyond the targeted cells, affecting the adjacent non-targeted cells (bystander effects). The cellular impact of radiation, thus, encompasses both targeted and non-targeted effects. Use of external modulators along with radiation can increase radio-therapeutic efficiency. The modulators' classification as protectors or sensitizers depends on interactions with damaged DNA molecules. Thus, it is necessary to realize the functions of various radio-sensitizers or radio-protectors in both irradiated and bystander cells. This review focuses on some modulators of radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) and their action mechanisms. Knowledge about the underlying signaling cross-talk may promote selective sensitization of radiation-targeted cells and protection of bystander cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi Mukherjee
- Stress Biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, India
| | - Anindita Dutta
- Stress Biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Stress Biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, India.
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15
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Zielinska HA, Daly CS, Alghamdi A, Bahl A, Sohail M, White P, Dean SR, Holly JMP, Perks CM. Interaction between GRP78 and IGFBP-3 Affects Tumourigenesis and Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3821. [PMID: 33352865 PMCID: PMC7767108 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) plays a key role in breast cancer progression and was recently shown to bind to the chaperone protein glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78); however, the clinical significance of this association remains poorly investigated. Here we report a direct correlation between the expression of GRP78 and IGFBP-3 in breast cancer cell lines and tumour sections. Kaplan-Meier survival plots revealed that patients with low GRP78 expression that are positive for IGFBP-3 had poorer survival rates than those with low IGFBP-3 levels, and we observed a similar trend in the publicly available METABRIC gene expression database. With breast cancer cells, in vitro IGFBP-3 enhanced induced apoptosis, however when GRP78 expression was silenced the actions of IGFBP-3 were switched from increasing to inhibiting ceramide (C2)-induced cell death and promoted cell invasion. Using immunofluorescence and cell surface biotinylation, we showed that knock-down of GRP78 negated the entry of IGFBP-3 into the cells. Together, our clinical and experimental results suggest that loss of GRP78 reduces IGFBP-3 entry into cells switching its actions to promote tumorigenesis and predicts a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna A. Zielinska
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (H.A.Z.); (A.A.); (J.M.P.H.)
| | - Carl S. Daly
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the West England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (C.S.D.); (P.W.); (S.R.D.)
| | - Ahmad Alghamdi
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (H.A.Z.); (A.A.); (J.M.P.H.)
- Faculty of Applied medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit Bahl
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, Department of Clinical Oncology, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol BS2 8ED, UK;
| | - Muhammed Sohail
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol University, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK;
| | - Paul White
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the West England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (C.S.D.); (P.W.); (S.R.D.)
| | - Sarah R. Dean
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the West England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (C.S.D.); (P.W.); (S.R.D.)
| | - Jeff M. P. Holly
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (H.A.Z.); (A.A.); (J.M.P.H.)
| | - Claire M. Perks
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (H.A.Z.); (A.A.); (J.M.P.H.)
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Lin HL, Qin YJ, Zhang YL, Zhang YQ, Chen YL, Niu YY, Pang CP, Chu WK, Zhang HY. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits myofibroblast transformation of human Tenon's fibroblasts. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108119. [PMID: 32603658 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblast transformation of human Tenon's fibroblasts severely challenges the outcome of glaucoma filtration surgery. epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is considered as a potential reagent to overcome this issue for its anti-fibrosis effect on various human diseases, but it is unclear on the fibrosis of Tenon's fibroblasts. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of EGCG on TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast transformation of human Tenon's fibroblasts. The human Tenon's fibroblasts were incubated in the medium containing 10 ng/mL TGF-β1, and subsequently treated with EGCG or mitomycin C (MMC). The cell proliferation and migration were analyzed. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), type I collagen (Col-I), and p-Smad2/3 were also evaluated. It showed that EGCG and MMC strongly inhibited the elevation in cell number in tissue explants compared to the tissues treated with TGF-β1 alone. Scratch-Wound assay showed that 48 h after TGF-β1 induction, only 10% of the wound width remained. But cells treated with EGCG still showed over 93% wound width. Further, EGCG effectively inhibited TGF-β1-induced expression of α-SMA and Col-I as well as phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in Tenon's fibroblasts. Altogether, we concluded that EGCG suppressed the myofibroblast transformation in Tenon's fibroblasts through inactivating TGF-β1/Smad signaling. These findings demonstrate that EGCG can be considered as one of the possible antifibrotic reagents for preventing postoperative scarring in glaucoma filtration surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yong-Jie Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yu-Qiao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yan-Lei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Yi Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi-Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong-Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences. Guangzhou, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Estrogenic biological activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of green tea constituents. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Baek CH, Kim H, Moon SY, Park SK, Yang WS. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate downregulates lipopolysaccharide signaling in human aortic endothelial cells by inducing ectodomain shedding of TLR4. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172692. [PMID: 31557474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea leaves, has anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which EGCG attenuates the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an agonist of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), in cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The increase in the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) induced by LPS (100 ng/ml) was effectively attenuated by pretreatment with EGCG (50 μM). Importantly, EGCG treatment resulted in a rapid reduction of cellular TLR4, which was accompanied by an increase in the N-terminal fragment of TLR4 in the culture supernatant, indicating that EGCG induces ectodomain shedding of TLR4. EGCG increased cytosolic Ca2+ by inducing the release of intracellular stored Ca2+ and the influx of extracellular Ca2+; accordingly, EGCG-induced ectodomain shedding of TLR4 was nullified by pretreatment with BAPTA-AM (10 μM), an intracellular Ca2+ chelator. EGCG induced translocation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) to the cell surface, which was also blocked by BAPTA-AM. Treatment with ADAM10 inhibitor (GI254023X, 2 μM) and siRNA-mediated depletion of ADAM10 prevented EGCG-induced ectodomain shedding of TLR4 and abolished the inhibitory effect of EGCG on LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that EGCG decreases cell surface TLR4 in HAECs by inducing ADAM10-mediated ectodomain shedding, and thereby attenuates the effects of LPS. This is a new mechanism of the suppressive effect of EGCG on LPS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Hee Baek
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosang Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Moon
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kil Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Seok Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bioactive Compounds: Multi-Targeting Silver Bullets for Preventing and Treating Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101563. [PMID: 31618928 PMCID: PMC6826729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Each cell in our body is designed with a self-destructive trigger, and if damaged, can happily sacrifice itself for the sake of the body. This process of self-destruction to safeguard the adjacent normal cells is known as programmed cell death or apoptosis. Cancer cells outsmart normal cells and evade apoptosis and it is one of the major hallmarks of cancer. The cardinal quest for anti-cancer drug discovery (bioactive or synthetic compounds) is to be able to re-induce the so called “programmed cell death” in cancer cells. The importance of bioactive compounds as the linchpin of cancer therapeutics is well known as many effective chemotherapeutic drugs such as vincristine, vinblastine, doxorubicin, etoposide and paclitaxel have natural product origins. The present review discusses various bioactive compounds with known anticancer potential, underlying mechanisms by which they induce cell death and their preclinical/clinical development. Most bioactive compounds can concurrently target multiple signaling pathways that are important for cancer cell survival while sparing normal cells hence they can potentially be the silver bullets for targeting cancer growth and metastatic progression.
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20
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Peeters TH, Lenting K, Breukels V, van Lith SAM, van den Heuvel CNAM, Molenaar R, van Rooij A, Wevers R, Span PN, Heerschap A, Leenders WPJ. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1-mutated cancers are sensitive to the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:4. [PMID: 31139406 PMCID: PMC6526618 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-019-0198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) occur in various types of cancer and induce metabolic alterations resulting from the neomorphic activity that causes production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) at the expense of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and NADPH. To overcome metabolic stress induced by these alterations, IDH-mutated (IDHmut) cancers utilize rescue mechanisms comprising pathways in which glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD) are involved. We hypothesized that inhibition of glutamate processing with the pleiotropic GLUD-inhibitor epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) would not only hamper D-2-HG production, but also decrease NAD(P)H and α-KG synthesis in IDHmut cancers, resulting in increased metabolic stress and increased sensitivity to radiotherapy. Methods We performed 13C-tracing studies to show that HCT116 colorectal cancer cells with an IDH1R132H knock-in allele depend more on glutaminolysis than on glycolysis for the production of D-2-HG. We treated HCT116 cells, HCT116-IDH1R132H cells, and HT1080 cells (carrying an IDH1R132C mutation) with EGCG and evaluated D-2-HG production, cell proliferation rates, and sensitivity to radiotherapy. Results Significant amounts of 13C from glutamate accumulate in D-2-HG in HCT116-IDH1wt/R132H but not in HCT116-IDH1wt/wt. Preventing glutamate processing in HCT116-IDH1wt/R132H cells with EGCG resulted in reduction of D-2-HG production. In addition, EGCG treatment decreased proliferation rates of IDH1mut cells and at high doses sensitized cancer cells to ionizing radiation. Effects of EGCG in IDH-mutated cell lines were diminished by treatment with the IDH1mut inhibitor AGI-5198. Conclusions This work shows that glutamate can be directly processed into D-2-HG and that reduction of glutamatolysis may be an effective and promising new treatment option for IDHmut cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40170-019-0198-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom H Peeters
- 1Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 Nijmegen, HB The Netherlands
| | - Krissie Lenting
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 Nijmegen, GA The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Breukels
- 1Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 Nijmegen, HB The Netherlands
| | - Sanne A M van Lith
- 1Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 Nijmegen, HB The Netherlands
| | - Corina N A M van den Heuvel
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 Nijmegen, GA The Netherlands
| | - Remco Molenaar
- 3Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam at the Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 Amsterdam, AZ The Netherlands
| | - Arno van Rooij
- 4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 Nijmegen, HB The Netherlands
| | - Ron Wevers
- 4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 Nijmegen, HB The Netherlands
| | - Paul N Span
- 5Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 Nijmegen, HB The Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- 1Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 Nijmegen, HB The Netherlands
| | - William P J Leenders
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 Nijmegen, GA The Netherlands
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Natural activators of adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and their pharmacological activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Younas M, Hano C, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Abbasi BH. Mechanistic evaluation of phytochemicals in breast cancer remedy: current understanding and future perspectives. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29714-29744. [PMID: 35547279 PMCID: PMC9085387 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04879g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers around the globe and accounts for a large proportion of fatalities in women. Despite the advancement in therapeutic and diagnostic procedures, breast cancer still represents a major challenge. Current anti-breast cancer approaches include surgical removal, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy and the use of various chemotherapeutic drugs. However, drug resistance, associated serious adverse effects, metastasis and recurrence complications still need to be resolved which demand safe and alternative strategies. In this scenario, phytochemicals have recently gained huge attention due to their safety profile and cost-effectiveness. These phytochemicals modulate various genes, gene products and signalling pathways, thereby inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, they also target breast cancer stem cells and overcome drug resistance problems in breast carcinomas. Phytochemicals as adjuvants with chemotherapeutic drugs have greatly enhanced their therapeutic efficacy. This review focuses on the recently recognized molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer chemoprevention with the use of phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol, silibinin, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, secoisolariciresinol, thymoquinone, kaempferol, quercetin, parthenolide, sulforaphane, ginsenosides, naringenin, isoliquiritigenin, luteolin, benzyl isothiocyanate, α-mangostin, 3,3'-diindolylmethane, pterostilbene, vinca alkaloids and apigenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Younas
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad-45320 Pakistan +92-51-90644121 +92-51-90644121 +33-767-97-0619
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Plant Lignans Team, UPRES EA 1207, Université d'Orléans F 28000 Chartres France
| | | | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad-45320 Pakistan +92-51-90644121 +92-51-90644121 +33-767-97-0619
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Plant Lignans Team, UPRES EA 1207, Université d'Orléans F 28000 Chartres France
- EA2106 Biomolecules et Biotechnologies Vegetales, Universite Francois-Rabelais de Tours Tours France
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siRNAs Targeting Growth Factor Receptor and Anti-Apoptotic Genes Synergistically Kill Breast Cancer Cells through Inhibition of MAPK and PI-3 Kinase Pathways. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6030073. [PMID: 29932151 PMCID: PMC6164725 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the second leading cause of female deaths worldwide, is usually treated with cytotoxic drugs, accompanied by adverse side-effects, development of chemoresistance and relapse of disease condition. Survival and proliferation of the cancer cells are greatly empowered by over-expression or over-activation of growth factor receptors and anti-apoptotic factors. Identification of these key players that cross-talk to each other, and subsequently, knockdown with their respective siRNAs in a synchronous manner could be a promising approach to precisely treat the cancer. Since siRNAs demonstrate limited cell permeability and unfavorable pharmacokinetic behaviors, pH-sensitive nanoparticles of carbonate apatite were employed to efficiently carry the siRNAs in vitro and in vivo. By delivering selective siRNAs against the mRNA transcripts of the growth factor receptors, such as ER, ERBB2 (HER2), EGFR and IGFR, and anti-apoptotic protein, such as BCL2 in human (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and murine (4T1) breast cancer cell lines, we found that ESR1 along with BCL-2, or with ERBB2 and EGFR critically contributes to the growth/survival of the cancer cells by activating the MAPK and PI-3 kinase pathways. Furthermore, intravenous delivery of the selected siRNAs aiming to suppress the expression of ER/BCL2 and ER/ERBB2/EGFR groups of proteins led to a significant retardation in tumor growth in a 4T1-induced syngeneic mouse model.
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Sakuma K, Yamaguchi A. Drugs of Muscle Wasting and Their Therapeutic Targets. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1088:463-481. [PMID: 30390265 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting and weakness such as cachexia, atrophy, and sarcopenia are characterized by marked decreases in the protein content, myonuclear number, muscle fiber size, and muscle strength. This chapter focuses on the recent advances of pharmacological approach for attenuating muscle wasting.A myostatin-inhibiting approach is very intriguing to prevent sarcopenia but not muscular dystrophy in humans. Supplementation with ghrelin is also an important candidate to combat sarcopenia as well as cachexia. Treatment with soy isoflavone, trichostatin A (TSA), and cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) inhibitors seems to be effective modulators attenuating muscle wasting, although further systematic research is needed on this treatment in particular concerning side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Sakuma
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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Application of non-invasive low strength pulsed electric field to EGCG treatment synergistically enhanced the inhibition effect on PANC-1 cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188885. [PMID: 29186186 PMCID: PMC5706709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapies for pancreatic cancer are usually expensive and likely to cause side effects, and most patients have the risk of recurrence and suffering pain. Here, we investigated combination treatment of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and non-invasive low strength pulsed electric field (PEF) on the human pancreatic cell line PANC-1. Cells were cultured in various concentrations of EGCG and exposed to trains of PEF. The results showed that the low strength PEF alone or single treatment with low concentration of EGCG did not obviously affect the cell proliferation and migration in PANC-1. However, the EGCG-induced inhibitions of cell viability and migration ability in PANC-1 were dramatically enhanced by the further exposure of low strength PEF (60 V/cm). In particular, the same combination treatment caused less inhibition of cell viability in non-malignant HEK293 cells. We also found the combination treatment significantly decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein and increased caspase activity in PANC-1 cells, resulting in the promotion of apoptotic responses, evidenced by chromatin condensation. The findings of the present study reveal the synergistic reactions in the combination treatment may severely disturb mitochondria, enhance the intrinsic pathway transduction, and effectively induce apoptosis; moreover, the migration and invasion of PANC-1 cancer cells were also significantly suppressed. Since normal cells are less sensitive to this combination treatment, and the non-invasive PEF could be modified to focus on a specific location, this treatment may serve as a promising method for anti-cancer therapy.
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Hydrogen atom transfer versus proton coupled electron transfer mechanism of gallic acid with different peroxy radicals. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-017-1286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) up-regulates miR-15b expression thus attenuating store operated calcium entry (SOCE) into murine CD4 + T cells and human leukaemic T cell lymphoblasts. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89500-89514. [PMID: 29163766 PMCID: PMC5685687 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are key elements in immune responses and inflammation. Activation of T cell receptors in CD4+ T cells triggers cytosolic Ca2+ release with subsequent store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), which is accomplished by the pore forming Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel Orai1 and its regulator stromal cell-interaction molecule 2 (STIM2). Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) acts as a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent for various types of cells including immune cells. However, how post-transcriptional gene regulators such as miRNAs are involved in the regulation of Ca2+ influx into murine CD4+ T cells and human Jurkat T cells through EGCG is not defined. EGCG treatment of murine CD4+ T cells significantly down-regulated the expression of STIM2 and Orai1 both at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, EGCG significantly decreased SOCE in both murine and human T cells. EGCG treatment increased miRNA-15b (miR-15b) abundance in both murine and human T cells. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that miR-15b, which has a STIM2 binding site, is involved in the down-regulation of SOCE. Overexpression of miR-15b significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of STIM2 and Orai1 in murine T cells. Treatment of Jurkat T cells with 10 μM EGCG further decreased mTOR and PTEN protein levels. EGCG decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in both human and murine T cells. In conclusion, the observations suggest that EGCG inhibits the Ca2+ entry into murine and human T cells, an effect accomplished at least in part by up-regulation of miR-15b.
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Hallman K, Aleck K, Quigley M, Dwyer B, Lloyd V, Szmyd M, Dinda S. The regulation of steroid receptors by epigallocatechin-3-gallate in breast cancer cells. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2017; 9:365-373. [PMID: 28579831 PMCID: PMC5447698 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s131334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that phytoestrogen epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) suppresses cancer cell proliferation and may have antitumor properties. In this study, we analyzed the effects of EGCG on estrogen receptor α (ERα) and progesterone receptor in hormone-dependent T-47D breast cancer cells. Western blot analysis revealed EGCG induced a concentration-dependent decrease in ERα protein levels, with a 56% reduction occurring with 60 µM EGCG when compared to controls. Downregulation of ERα protein levels was observed after 24-hour co-treatment of T-47D cells with 60 µM EGCG and 10 nM 17β-estradiol (E2). The proliferative effect of E2 on cell viability was reversed when treated in combination with EGCG. In contrast, the combination of EGCG with the pure ER antagonist, ICI 182, 780, showed no further reduction in cell number as only 5% of the cells were viable after 6 days of treatment. These studies may provide further understanding of the interactions among flavonoids and steroid receptors in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hallman
- Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Katie Aleck
- Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Meghan Quigley
- Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Brigitte Dwyer
- Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Victoria Lloyd
- Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Monica Szmyd
- Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Sumi Dinda
- Biomedical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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DFT study of structural and electronic properties of gallic acid and its anions in gas phase and in aqueous solution. Struct Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-017-0958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Moradzadeh M, Hosseini A, Erfanian S, Rezaei H. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate promotes apoptosis in human breast cancer T47D cells through down-regulation of PI3K/AKT and Telomerase. Pharmacol Rep 2017. [PMID: 28646740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea has antioxidant, anti-tumor and anti-bacterial properties. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in green tea is highly active as a cancer chemopreventive agent. In this study, we designed a series of experiments to examine the effects of EGCG on proliferation and apoptosis of estrogen receptor α-positive breast cancer (T47D) cells. METHODS Cells were treated with EGCG (0-80μM) and tamoxifen (0-20μM), as the positive control, up to 72h. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis investigated by real time PCR of apoptosis and survival (Bax, Bcl-2, p21, p53, PTEN, PI3K, AKT, caspase3 and caspase9 and hTERT) genes and by western blot of Bax/Bcl-2 proteins expressions. RESULTS The results showed that EGCG decreased cell viability as concentration- and time-dependently. IC50 values were 14.17μM for T47D and 193.10μM for HFF cells, as compared with 3.39μM and 32.75μM for tamoxifen after 72h treatment, respectively. Also, EGCG (80μM) significantly increased the genes of PTEN, CASP3, CASP9 and decreased AKT approximately equal to tamoxifen. In gene expression, EGCG (80μM) significantly increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio to 8-fold vise 15-fold in tamoxifen (20μM)-treated T47D cells during 72h. In protein expression of Bax/Bcl-2, EGCG significantly increased 6-fold while this ratio augmented 10-fold in tamoxifen group. EGCG significantly decreased 0.8, 0.4 and 0.3 gene expression of hTERT in 24, 48 and 72h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that EGCG may be a useful adjuvant therapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Moradzadeh
- Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Erfanian
- Research center for non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
| | - Hadi Rezaei
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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The Anti-Cancer Effect of Polyphenols against Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Mechanisms. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090581. [PMID: 27657126 PMCID: PMC5037565 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of breast cancer in developed and developing countries, and its correlation to cancer-related deaths, has prompted concerned scientists to discover novel alternatives to deal with this challenge. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of polyphenol structures and classifications, as well as on the carcinogenic process. The biology of breast cancer cells will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-cancer activities of numerous polyphenols, against a wide range of breast cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo, will be explained in detail. The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in the anti-cancer activity of polyphenols will also be highlighted. In addition, the potential of polyphenols to target cancer stem cells (CSCs) via various mechanisms will be explained. Recently, the use of natural products as chemotherapeutics and chemopreventive drugs to overcome the side effects and resistance that arise from using chemical-based agents has garnered the attention of the scientific community. Polyphenol research is considered a promising field in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates cadmium-induced chronic renal injury and fibrosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:70-8. [PMID: 27474435 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a serious environmental problem. Kidney is a main target organ of Cd toxicity. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against chronic renal injury and fibrosis induced by CdCl2. Rat model was induced by exposing to 250 mg/L CdCl2 through drinking water. The renal function was evaluated by detecting the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCR). The oxidative stress was measured by detecting the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and renal enzymatic antioxidant status. Additionally, the renal levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad3, phosphorylation-Smad3 (pp-Smad3), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin and E-cadherin were measured by western blot assay. Renal levels of microRNA-21 (miR-21), miR-29a/b/c and miR-192 were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. It was found that EGCG ameliorated the CdCl2-induced renal injury, inhibited the level of oxidative stress, normalized renal enzymatic antioxidant status and E-cadherin level, as well as attenuated the over generation of TGF-β1, pp-Smad3, vimentin and α-SMA. EGCG also decreased the production of miR-21 and miR-192, and enhanced the levels of miR-29a/b/c. These results showed that EGCG could attenuate Cd induced chronic renal injury.
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Badhani B, Kakkar R. In silico studies on potential MCF-7 inhibitors: a combination of pharmacophore and 3D-QSAR modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking, and pharmacokinetic analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1950-1967. [PMID: 27401212 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1202863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid and its derivatives exhibit a diverse range of biological applications, including anti-cancer activity. In this work, a data-set of forty-six molecules containing the galloyl moiety, and known to show anticarcinogenic activity against the MCF-7 human cancer cell line, have been chosen for pharmacophore modeling and 3D-Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (3D-QSAR) studies. A tree-based partitioning algorithm has been used to find common pharmacophore hypotheses. The QSAR model was generated for three, four, and five featured hypotheses with increasing PLS factors and analyzed. Results for five featured hypotheses with three acceptors and two aromatic rings were the best out of all the possible combinations. On analyzing the results, the most robust (R2 = .8990) hypothesis with a good predictive power (Q2 = .7049) was found to be AAARR.35. A good external validation (R2 = .6109) was also obtained. In order to design new MCF-7 inhibitors, the QSAR model was further utilized in pharmacophore-based virtual screening of a large database. The predicted IC50 values of the identified potential MCF-7 inhibitors were found to lie in the micromolar range. Molecular docking into the colchicine domain of tubulin was performed in order to examine one of the probable mechanisms. This revealed various interactions between the ligand and the active site protein residues. The present study is expected to provide an effective guide for methodical development of potent MCF-7 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Badhani
- a Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- a Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
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Ramachandran B, Jayavelu S, Murhekar K, Rajkumar T. Repeated dose studies with pure Epigallocatechin-3-gallate demonstrated dose and route dependant hepatotoxicity with associated dyslipidemia. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:336-345. [PMID: 28959554 PMCID: PMC5615837 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
EGCG (Epigallocatechin-3-gallate) is the major active principle catechin found in green tea. Skepticism regarding the safety of consuming EGCG is gaining attention, despite the fact that it is widely being touted for its potential health benefits, including anti-cancer properties. The lack of scientific data on safe dose levels of pure EGCG is of concern, while EGCG has been commonly studied as a component of GTE (Green tea extract) and not as a single active constituent. This study has been carried out to estimate the maximum tolerated non-toxic dose of pure EGCG and to identify the treatment related risk factors. In a fourteen day consecutive treatment, two different administration modalities were compared, offering an improved [i.p (intraperitoneal)] and limited [p.o (oral)] bioavailability. A trend of dose and route dependant hepatotoxicity was observed particularly with i.p treatment and EGCG increased serum lipid profile in parallel to hepatotoxicity. Fourteen day tolerable dose of EGCG was established as 21.1 mg/kg for i.p and 67.8 mg/kg for p.o. We also observed that, EGCG induced effects by both treatment routes are reversible, subsequent to an observation period for further fourteen days after cessation of treatment. It was demonstrated that the severity of EGCG induced toxicity appears to be a function of dose, route of administration and period of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), No. 38, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, 600 036 Chennai, India
| | - Subramani Jayavelu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), No. 38, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, 600 036 Chennai, India
| | - Kanchan Murhekar
- Department of Oncopathology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), No. 38, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, 600 036 Chennai, India
| | - Thangarajan Rajkumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), No. 38, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, 600 036 Chennai, India
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Mocanu MM, Nagy P, Szöllősi J. Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer by Dietary Polyphenols. Molecules 2015; 20:22578-620. [PMID: 26694341 PMCID: PMC6332464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The review will discuss in detail the effects of polyphenols on breast cancer, including both the advantages and disadvantages of the applications of these natural compounds. First, we focus on the characterization of the main classes of polyphenols and then on in vitro and in vivo experiments carried out in breast cancer models. Since the therapeutic effects of the administration of a single type of polyphenol might be limited because of the reduced bioavailability of these drugs, investigations on combination of several polyphenols or polyphenols with conventional therapy will also be discussed. In addition, we present recent data focusing on clinical trials with polyphenols and new approaches with nanoparticles in breast cancer. Besides the clinical and translational findings this review systematically summarizes our current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer effects of polyphenols, which are related to apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, plasma membrane receptors, signaling pathways and epigenetic mechanisms. At the same time the effects of polyphenols on primary tumor, metastasis and angiogenesis in breast cancer are discussed. The increasing enthusiasm regarding the combination of polyphenols and conventional therapy in breast cancer might lead to additional efforts to motivate further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Magdalena Mocanu
- Department of Biophysics, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Teoh PL. Comparative Study on In Vitro
Anti-Proliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Organic and Non-Organic Tea Extracts. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peik Lin Teoh
- Biotechnology Research Institute; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Jalan UMS Kota Kinabalu Sabah 88400 Malaysia
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Effects of supplementation with green tea catechins on plasma C-reactive protein concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition 2015; 31:1061-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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38
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Wimmer RJ, Russell SJ, Schneider MF. Green tea component EGCG, insulin and IGF-1 promote nuclear efflux of atrophy-associated transcription factor Foxo1 in skeletal muscle fibers. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1559-67. [PMID: 26344776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prevention and slowing of skeletal muscle atrophy with nutritional approaches offers the potential to provide far-reaching improvements in the quality of life for our increasingly aging population. Here we show that polyphenol flavonoid epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), found in the popular beverage green tea (Camellia sinensis), demonstrates similar effects to the endogenous hormones insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin in the ability to suppress action of the atrophy-promoting transcription factor Foxo1 through a net translocation of Foxo1 out of the nucleus as monitored by nucleo-cytoplasmic movement of Foxo1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) in live skeletal muscle fibers. Foxo1-GFP nuclear efflux is rapid in IGF-1 or insulin, but delayed by an additional 30 min for EGCG. Once activated, kinetic analysis with a simple mathematical model shows EGCG, IGF-1 and insulin all produce similar apparent rate constants for Foxo1-GFP unidirectional nuclear influx and efflux. Interestingly, EGCG appears to have its effect at least partially via parallel signaling pathways that are independent of IGF-1's (and insulin's) downstream PI3K/Akt/Foxo1 signaling axis. Using the live fiber model system, we also determine the dose-response curve for both IGF-1 and insulin on Foxo1 nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution. The continued understanding of the activation mechanisms of EGCG could allow for nutritional promotion of green tea's antiatrophy skeletal muscle benefits and have implications in the development of a clinically significant parallel pathway for new drugs to target muscle wasting and the reduced insulin receptor sensitivity which causes type II diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Wimmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Sarah J Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Martin F Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Caffeine and Caffeic Acid Inhibit Growth and Modify Estrogen Receptor and Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor Levels in Human Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1877-87. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Beattie J, Hawsawi Y, Alkharobi H, El-Gendy R. IGFBP-2 and -5: important regulators of normal and neoplastic mammary gland physiology. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:151-8. [PMID: 25645979 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays an important role in mammary gland physiology. In addition, dysregulation of this molecular axis may have a causal role in the aetiology and development of breast cancer (BC). This report discusses the IGF axis in normal and neoplastic mammary gland with special reference to IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) -2 and -5. We describe how these high affinity binders of IGF-1 and IGF-2 may regulate local actions of growth factors in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner and how they also have IGF-independent effects in mammary gland. We discuss clinical studies which investigate both the prognostic value of IGFBP-2 and -5 expression in BC and possible involvement of these genes in the development of resistance to adjuvant endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Beattie
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, St James University Hospital, Level 7, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK,
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41
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Badhani B, Sharma N, Kakkar R. Gallic acid: a versatile antioxidant with promising therapeutic and industrial applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01911g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a result of an overproduction and accumulation of free radicals, is the leading cause of several degenerative diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, ageing and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Badhani
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
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