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Brinker EJ, Hardcastle MR, Dittmer KE, Graff EC. Endocrine fibroblast growth factors in domestic animals. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 89:106872. [PMID: 39059301 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a group of structurally homologous yet functionally pleiotropic proteins. Canonical and intracellular FGFs have primarily autocrine or paracrine effects. However, the FGF19 subfamily, composed of FGF15/19, FGF21, and FGF23, act as endocrine hormones that regulate bile acid, metabolic, and phosphorus homeostasis, respectively. Current research in human and rodent models demonstrates the potential of these endocrine FGFs to target various diseases, including disorders of inherited hypophosphatemia, chronic liver disease, obesity, and insulin resistance. Many diseases targeted for therapeutic use in humans have pathophysiological overlaps in domestic animals. Despite the potential clinical and economic impact, little is known about endocrine FGFs and their signaling pathways in major domestic animal species compared with humans and laboratory animals. This review aims to describe the physiology of these endocrine FGFs, discuss their current therapeutic use, and summarize the contemporary literature regarding endocrine FGFs in domestic animals, focusing on potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Brinker
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 166 Greene Hall, Auburn University, AL, USA 36849; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, USA 01536
| | - Michael R Hardcastle
- IDEXX Laboratories Pty. Ltd., 20A Maui Street, Pukete, Hamilton 3200, New Zealand
| | - Keren E Dittmer
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Emily C Graff
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 166 Greene Hall, Auburn University, AL, USA 36849; Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Dr. Auburn University, 1265 HC Morgan, AL, USA 36849.
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2
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Liu X, Dong M, Li T, Wang J. Correlation of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 levels with inflammatory factors and the degree of coronary artery stenosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Cytokine 2024; 178:156591. [PMID: 38554500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a secreted protein that plays an important role in atherosclerosis and pathological cardiac remodeling. However, the correlation between FGF21 and the degree of coronary artery stenosis and its potential role in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain unclear. We examined whether changes in FGF21 levels in AMI correlate with the degree of coronary artery stenosis and the levels of inflammatory factors, and preliminarily investigated the effects of FGF21 on inflammatory factor levels and myocardial injury in rats with AMI. METHODS Serum levels of FGF21 and inflammatory factors in the AMI group and control group were measured, and the correlation between FGF21 and clinical indicators and inflammatory factors was analyzed. The effects of FGF21 on cardiac function and inflammatory response were evaluated through echocardiography and measurement of inflammatory factors. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that neutrophil percentage (NEUT%, odds ratio [OR]: 1.232; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.028-1.477; p = 0.024) and FGF21 levels (OR: 2.063; 95 % CI: 1.187-3.586; p = 0.01) had independent effects on AMI. Spearman's rank correlation test showed that FGF21 levels were positively correlated with leukocyte count, NEUT%, neutrophil count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and Gensini scores (p < 0.01), but negatively correlated with lymphocyte count (p < 0.01). FGF21 levels in myocardial tissues and serum levels of FGF21, IL-6, TNF-a, and MCP-1 were significantly higher in AMI rats than in the sham-operated group (p < 0.01). After overexpression of FGF21, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-a, and MCP-1 in rats were significantly decreased (p < 0.01), and cardiac function improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS FGF21 levels were independently associated with AMI and may be related to the severity of coronary artery stenosis. Overexpression of FGF21 reduced serum inflammatory factor levels and improved cardiac function in AMI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Mengying Dong
- Departments of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China.
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Romero-Becera R, Santamans AM, Arcones AC, Sabio G. From Beats to Metabolism: the Heart at the Core of Interorgan Metabolic Cross Talk. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:98-125. [PMID: 38051123 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart, once considered a mere blood pump, is now recognized as a multifunctional metabolic and endocrine organ. Its function is tightly regulated by various metabolic processes, at the same time it serves as an endocrine organ, secreting bioactive molecules that impact systemic metabolism. In recent years, research has shed light on the intricate interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. The metabolic flexibility of the heart and its ability to switch between different energy substrates play a crucial role in maintaining cardiac function and overall metabolic homeostasis. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of how metabolic disorders disrupt cardiac metabolism is crucial, as it plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiac diseases. The emerging understanding of the heart as a metabolic and endocrine organ highlights its essential contribution to whole body metabolic regulation and offers new insights into the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. In this review, we provide an in-depth exploration of the heart's metabolic and endocrine functions, emphasizing its role in systemic metabolism and the interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests a correlation between heart disease and other conditions such as aging and cancer, indicating that the metabolic dysfunction observed in these conditions may share common underlying mechanisms. By unraveling the complex mechanisms underlying cardiac metabolism, we aim to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and improve overall cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alba C Arcones
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
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Yang Z, Zarbl H, Guo GL. Circadian Regulation of Endocrine Fibroblast Growth Factors on Systemic Energy Metabolism. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:179-193. [PMID: 38238100 PMCID: PMC10877735 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is an endogenous biochemical timing system that coordinates the physiology and behavior of organisms to earth's ∼24-hour circadian day/night cycle. The central circadian clock synchronized by environmental cues hierarchically entrains peripheral clocks throughout the body. The circadian system modulates a wide variety of metabolic signaling pathways to maintain whole-body metabolic homeostasis in mammals under changing environmental conditions. Endocrine fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), namely FGF15/19, FGF21, and FGF23, play an important role in regulating systemic metabolism of bile acids, lipids, glucose, proteins, and minerals. Recent evidence indicates that endocrine FGFs function as nutrient sensors that mediate multifactorial interactions between peripheral clocks and energy homeostasis by regulating the expression of metabolic enzymes and hormones. Circadian disruption induced by environmental stressors or genetic ablation is associated with metabolic dysfunction and diurnal disturbances in FGF signaling pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Time-restricted feeding strengthens the circadian pattern of metabolic signals to improve metabolic health and prevent against metabolic diseases. Chronotherapy, the strategic timing of medication administration to maximize beneficial effects and minimize toxic effects, can provide novel insights into linking biologic rhythms to drug metabolism and toxicity within the therapeutical regimens of diseases. Here we review the circadian regulation of endocrine FGF signaling in whole-body metabolism and the potential effect of circadian dysfunction on the pathogenesis and development of metabolic diseases. We also discuss the potential of chrononutrition and chronotherapy for informing the development of timing interventions with endocrine FGFs to optimize whole-body metabolism in humans. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The circadian timing system governs physiological, metabolic, and behavioral functions in living organisms. The endocrine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family (FGF15/19, FGF21, and FGF23) plays an important role in regulating energy and mineral metabolism. Endocrine FGFs function as nutrient sensors that mediate multifactorial interactions between circadian clocks and metabolic homeostasis. Chronic disruption of circadian rhythms increases the risk of metabolic diseases. Chronological interventions such as chrononutrition and chronotherapy provide insights into linking biological rhythms to disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (Z.Y., G.L.G.), Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (Z.Y., H.Z., G.L.G.), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Justice, School of Public Health (H.Z.), Rutgers Center for Lipid Research (G.L.G.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and VA New Jersey Health Care System, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey (G.L.G.)
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (Z.Y., G.L.G.), Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (Z.Y., H.Z., G.L.G.), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Justice, School of Public Health (H.Z.), Rutgers Center for Lipid Research (G.L.G.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and VA New Jersey Health Care System, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey (G.L.G.)
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (Z.Y., G.L.G.), Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (Z.Y., H.Z., G.L.G.), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Justice, School of Public Health (H.Z.), Rutgers Center for Lipid Research (G.L.G.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and VA New Jersey Health Care System, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey (G.L.G.)
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Liu X, Shao Y, Han L, Zhang R, Chen J. Emerging Evidence Linking the Liver to the Cardiovascular System: Liver-derived Secretory Factors. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1246-1255. [PMID: 37577236 PMCID: PMC10412704 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed hepatic mediators, termed as liver-derived secretory factors (LDSFs), play an important role in regulating CVDs such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, thrombosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, metabolic cardiomyopathy, arterial hypertension, and pulmonary hypertension. LDSFs presented here consisted of microbial metabolite, extracellular vesicles, proteins, and microRNA, they are primarily or exclusively synthesized and released by the liver, and have been shown to exert pleiotropic actions on cardiovascular system. LDSFs mainly target vascular endothelial cell, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and platelets, and further modulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide, endothelial function, energy metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and dystrophic calcification. Although some LDSFs are known to be detrimental/beneficial, controversial findings were also reported for many. Therefore, more studies are required to further explore the causal relationships between LDSFs and CVDs and uncover the exact mechanisms, which is expected to extend our understanding of the crosstalk between the liver and cardiovascular system and identify potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, in the case of patients with liver disease, awareness should be given to the implications of these abnormalities in the cardiovascular system. These studies also underline the importance of early recognition and intervention of liver abnormalities in the practice of cardiovascular care, and a multidisciplinary approach combining hepatologists and cardiologists would be more preferable for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijia Shao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linjiang Han
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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6
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Hou Q, Sun Z, Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhang J, Huang J, Luo Y, Xiao Y, Hu Z, Shen A. Role of serum cytokines in the prediction of heart failure in patients with coronary artery disease. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:3102-3113. [PMID: 37608687 PMCID: PMC10567644 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of heart failure (HF). This study aimed to identify cytokine biomarkers for predicting HF in patients with CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve patients with CAD without HF (CAD-non HF), 12 patients with CAD complicated with HF (CAD-HF), and 12 healthy controls were enrolled for Human Cytokine Antibody Array, which were used as the training dataset. Then, differentially expressed cytokines among the different groups were identified, and crucial characteristic proteins related to CAD-HF were screened using a combination of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, recursive feature elimination, and random forest methods. A support vector machine (SVM) diagnostic model was constructed based on crucial characteristic proteins, followed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Finally, two validation datasets, GSE20681 and GSE59867, were downloaded to verify the diagnostic performance of the SVM model and expression of crucial proteins, as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was also used to verify the levels of crucial proteins in blood samples. In total, 12 differentially expressed proteins were overlapped in the three comparison groups, and then four optimal characteristic proteins were identified, including VEGFR2, FLRG, IL-23, and FGF-21. After that, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the constructed SVM classification model for the training dataset was 0.944. The accuracy of the SVM classification model was validated using the GSE20681 and GSE59867 datasets, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.773 and 0.745, respectively. The expression trends of the four crucial proteins in the training dataset were consistent with those in the validation dataset and those determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CONCLUSIONS The combination of VEGFR2, FLRG, IL-23, and FGF-21 can be used as a candidate biomarker for the prediction and prevention of HF in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhen Hou
- Department of Health Management Center, The Third Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhuhua Sun
- Department of Health Management Center, The Third Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Health Management Center, The Third Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Health Management Center, The Third Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Department of Health Management Center, The Third Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yifeng Luo
- Department of Health Management Center, The Third Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Health Management Center, The Third Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhaoting Hu
- Department of Health Management Center, The Third Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Anna Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Puengel T, Tacke F. Efruxifermin, an investigational treatment for fibrotic or cirrhotic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023. [PMID: 37376813 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2230115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease and strongly associated with metabolic disorders: obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease. Persistent metabolic injury results in inflammatory processes leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis. To date, no pharmacologic agent is approved for the treatment of NASH. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) agonism has been linked to beneficial metabolic effects ameliorating obesity, steatosis and insulin resistance, supporting its potential as a therapeutic target in NAFLD. AREAS COVERED Efruxifermin (EFX, also AKR-001 or AMG876) is an engineered Fc-FGF21 fusion protein with an optimized pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, which is currently tested in several phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of NASH, fibrosis and compensated liver cirrhosis. EFX improved metabolic disturbances including glycemic control, showed favorable safety and tolerability, and demonstrated antifibrotic efficacy according to FDA requirements for phase 3 trials. EXPERT OPINION While some other FGF-21 agonists (e.g. pegbelfermin) are currently not further investigated, available evidence supports the development of EFX as a promising anti-NASH drug in fibrotic and cirrhotic populations. However, antifibrotic efficacy, long-term safety and benefits (i.e. cardiovascular risk, decompensation events, disease progression, liver transplantation, mortality) remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Puengel
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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Yan B, Mei Z, Tang Y, Song H, Wu H, Jing Q, Zhang X, Yan C, Han Y. FGF21-FGFR1 controls mitochondrial homeostasis in cardiomyocytes by modulating the degradation of OPA1. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:311. [PMID: 37156793 PMCID: PMC10167257 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a pleiotropic hormone secreted primarily by the liver and is considered a major regulator of energy homeostasis. Recent research has revealed that FGF21 could play an important role in cardiac pathological remodeling effects and prevention of cardiomyopathy; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effects of FGF21. We engineered FGF21 knock out mice and subsequently elucidated the effects of FGF21 and its downstream mediators using western blotting, qRT-PCR, and mitochondrial morphological and functional analyses. FGF21 knockout mice showed cardiac dysfunction, accompanied by a decline in global longitudinal strain (GLS) and ejection fraction (EF), independent of metabolic disorders. Mitochondrial quality, quantity, and function were abnormal, accompanied by decreased levels of optic atrophy-1 (OPA1) in FGF21 KO mice. In contrast to FGF21 knockout, cardiac-specific overexpression of FGF21 alleviated the cardiac dysfunction caused by FGF21 deficiency. In an in vitro study, FGF21 siRNA deteriorated mitochondrial dynamics and impaired function induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Both recombinant FGF21 and adenovirus-mediated FGF21 overexpression could alleviate CoCl2-induced mitochondrial impairment by restoring mitochondrial dynamics. FGF21 was essential for maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and function of the cardiomyocytes. As a regulator of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial homeostasis under oxidative stress, FGF21 could be an important new target for therapeutic options for patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Zhu Mei
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yaohan Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Haixu Song
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hanlin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Quanmin Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yaling Han
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China.
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Sun JY, Du LJ, Shi XR, Zhang YY, Liu Y, Wang YL, Chen BY, Liu T, Zhu H, Liu Y, Ruan CC, Gan Z, Ying H, Yin Z, Gao PJ, Yan X, Li RG, Duan SZ. An IL-6/STAT3/MR/FGF21 axis mediates heart-liver cross-talk after myocardial infarction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade4110. [PMID: 37018396 PMCID: PMC10075967 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a protective role in myocardial infarction (MI). However, very little is known about the mechanisms. Here, we identify mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) as a pivotal nexus that conveys communications between the liver and the heart during MI. Hepatocyte MR deficiency and MR antagonist spironolactone both improve cardiac repair after MI through regulation on hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), illustrating an MR/FGF21 axis that underlies the liver-to-heart protection against MI. In addition, an upstreaming acute interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway transmits the heart-to-liver signal to suppress MR expression after MI. Hepatocyte Il6 receptor deficiency and Stat3 deficiency both aggravate cardiac injury through their regulation on the MR/FGF21 axis. Therefore, we have unveiled an IL-6/STAT3/MR/FGF21 signaling axis that mediates heart-liver cross-talk during MI. Targeting the signaling axis and the cross-talk could provide new strategies to treat MI and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Sun
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lin-Juan Du
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xue-Rui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yu-Yao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yong-Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Bo-Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Cheng-Chao Ruan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenji Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
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10
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Kaur N, Gare SR, Ruiz-Velasco A, Miller JM, Abouleisa RR, Ou Q, Shen J, Soran H, Mohamed TM, Liu W. FGF21/FGFR1-β-KL cascade in cardiomyocytes modulates angiogenesis and inflammation under metabolic stress. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14952. [PMID: 37123894 PMCID: PMC10133673 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with an increased risk of developing heart failure. Inflammation and damaged vasculature are the cardinal features of diabetes-induced cardiac damage. Moreover, systemic metabolic stress triggers discordant intercellular communication, thus culminating in cardiac dysfunction. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a pleiotropic hormone transducing cellular signals via fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and its co-receptor beta-klotho (β-KL). This study first demonstrated a decreased expression or activity of FGFR1 and β-KL in both human and mouse diabetic hearts. Reinforcing cardiac FGFR1 and β-KL expression can alleviate pro-inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction upon diabetic stress. Using proteomics, novel cardiomyocyte-derived anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic factors regulated by FGFR1-β-KL signaling were identified. Although not exhaustive, this study provides a unique insight into the protective topology of the cardiac FGFR1-β-KL signaling-mediated intercellular reactions in the heart in response to metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Kaur
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Jessica M. Miller
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 S Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Riham R.E. Abouleisa
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 S Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Qinghui Ou
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 S Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jiahan Shen
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Handrean Soran
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Tamer M.A. Mohamed
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 S Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
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11
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Gu L, Jiang W, Jiang W, Xu Z, Li W, Zhang H. Elevated serum FGF21 levels predict heart failure during hospitalization of STEMI patients after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14855. [PMID: 36778154 PMCID: PMC9910186 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has multiple cardioprotective effects including modulation of glucolipid metabolism, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidative stress, but its association with the heart failure during hospitalization in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been reported. Methods A total of 348 STEMI patients treated with emergency PCI were included from January 2016 to December 2018. Relevant biochemical indicators were measured by central laboratory. Serum FGF21 levels were measured by ELISA. The occurrence of heart failure during hospitalization was recorded. Patients' cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Results Serum FGF21 levels were significantly higher in the STEMI group with heart failure than in the group without heart failure (249.95 ± 25.52 vs. 209.98 ± 36.35, P < 0.001). Serum FGF21 levels showed a strong positive correlation with N-terminal precursor B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in STEMI patients (r = 0.749, P < 0.001). FGF21 was found to be an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure during hospitalization in STEMI patients by binary logistic regression analysis. The area under curve (AUC) for FGF21 to predict the development of heart failure during hospitalization in STEMI patients was 0.816 (95% CI [0.770-0.863]) according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Conclusion Elevated serum FGF21 levels have been shown to be a strong predictor of heart failure during hospitalization in patients with STEMI after emergency PCI.
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12
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone involved in energy homeostasis that protects against the development of obesity and diabetes in animal models. Its level is elevated in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in humans. However, little is known about the role of FGF21 in heart failure (HF). HF is a major global health problem with a prevalence that is predicted to rise, especially in ageing populations. Despite improved therapies, mortality due to HF remains high, and given its insidious onset, prediction of its development is challenging for physicians. The emergence of cardiac biomarkers to improve prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of HF has received much attention over the past decade. Recent studies have suggested FGF21 is a promising biomarker candidate for HF. Preclinical research has shown that FGF21 is involved in the pathophysiology of HF through the prevention of oxidative stress, cardiac hypertrophy, and inflammation in cardiomyocytes. However, in the available clinical literature, FGF21 levels appear to be paradoxically raised in HF, potentially implying a FGF21 resistant state as occurs in obesity. Several potential confounding variables complicate the verdict on whether FGF21 is of clinical value as a biomarker. Further research is thus needed to evaluate whether FGF21 has a causal role in HF, and whether circulating FGF21 can be used as a biomarker to improve the prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of HF. This review draws from preclinical and clinical studies to explore the role of FGF21 in HF.
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13
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Arias-Calderón M, Casas M, Balanta-Melo J, Morales-Jiménez C, Hernández N, Llanos P, Jaimovich E, Buvinic S. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is expressed and secreted from skeletal muscle following electrical stimulation via extracellular ATP activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1059020. [PMID: 36909316 PMCID: PMC9997036 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1059020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone involved in the regulation of lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism. Although it is released mainly from the liver, in recent years it has been shown that it is a "myokine", synthesized in skeletal muscles after exercise and stress conditions through an Akt-dependent pathway and secreted for mediating autocrine and endocrine roles. To date, the molecular mechanism for the pathophysiological regulation of FGF21 production in skeletal muscle is not totally understood. We have previously demonstrated that muscle membrane depolarization controls gene expression through extracellular ATP (eATP) signaling, by a mechanism defined as "Excitation-Transcription coupling". eATP signaling regulates the expression and secretion of interleukin 6, a well-defined myokine, and activates the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This work aimed to study the effect of electrical stimulation in the regulation of both production and secretion of skeletal muscle FGF21, through eATP signaling and PI3K/Akt pathway. Our results show that electrical stimulation increases both mRNA and protein (intracellular and secreted) levels of FGF21, dependent on an extracellular ATP signaling mechanism in skeletal muscle. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we demonstrated that FGF21 production and secretion from muscle requires the activation of the P2YR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These results confirm skeletal muscle as a source of FGF21 in physiological conditions and unveil a new molecular mechanism for regulating FGF21 production in this tissue. Our results will allow to identify new molecular targets to understand the regulation of FGF21 both in physiological and pathological conditions, such as exercise, aging, insulin resistance, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, all characterized by an alteration in both FGF21 levels and ATP signaling components. These data reinforce that eATP signaling is a relevant mechanism for myokine expression in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Arias-Calderón
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Casas
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies CEMC, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julián Balanta-Melo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Camilo Morales-Jiménez
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nadia Hernández
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies CEMC, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies CEMC, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonja Buvinic
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies CEMC, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Sonja Buvinic,
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14
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García-Carrizo F, Galmés S, Picó C, Palou A, Rodríguez AM. Supplementation with the Prebiotic High-Esterified Pectin Improves Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Biomarker Profile, Counteracting Metabolic Malprogramming. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13200-13211. [PMID: 36214580 PMCID: PMC9585587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation with the prebiotic pectin is associated with beneficial health effects. We aimed to characterize the cardioprotective actions of chronic high-esterified pectin (HEP) supplementation (10%) in a model of metabolic malprogramming in rats, prone to obesity and associated disorders: the progeny of mild calorie-restricted dams during the first half of pregnancy. Results show that pectin supplementation reverses metabolic malprogramming associated with gestational undernutrition. In this sense, HEP supplementation improved blood pressure, reduced heart lipid content, and regulated cardiac gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and lipid metabolism-related genes. Moreover, it caused an elevation in circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 and a higher expression of its co-receptor β-klotho in the heart. Most effects are correlated with the gut levels of beneficial bacteria promoted by HEP. Therefore, chronic HEP supplementation shows cardioprotective actions, and hence, it is worth considering as a strategy to prevent programmed cardiometabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco García-Carrizo
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics,
Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Department
of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition (ADE), German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), 14558 Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Sebastià Galmés
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics,
Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología
de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics,
Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología
de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics,
Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología
de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana María Rodríguez
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics,
Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología
de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Pedersen AKN, Hage C, Jessen N, Mellbin L, Bjerre M. Sitagliptin reduces FAP-activity and increases intact FGF21 levels in patients with newly detected glucose abnormalities. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 556:111738. [PMID: 35926756 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone with pleiotropic metabolic effects, is inactivated by fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a member of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) family. We investigate if sitagliptin (DPP-IV inhibitor) inhibits FAP-activity and increases intact FGF21. METHODS Patients with impaired glucose metabolism were randomized to 100 mg sitagliptin (n = 34) or placebo (n = 37) treatment for 12 weeks. Plasma samples obtained at study entry and at 12-weeks were analysed for FAP-activity, FAP, total FGF21 and intact FGF21. RESULTS Sitagliptin significantly inhibited FAP-activity (497 ± 553 vs. 48 ± 712 RFU/min, p < 0.01) and correspondingly increased intact FGF21 (253 ± 182 vs 141 ± 80 ng/L, p < 0.01) compared to placebo in plasma. Sitagliptin dose-dependently inhibited the FAP-activity in vitro. Intact FGF21 was higher in patients obtaining a normal glucose tolerance regardless of treatment (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION A sitagliptin-induced increase of intact FGF21 may contribute to an improved metabolic effect in patients with impaired glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K N Pedersen
- Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Linda Mellbin
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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16
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Hung WC, Yu TH, Wang CP, Hsu CC, Lu YC, Wei CT, Chung FM, Lee YJ, Wu CC, Tang WH. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is associated with widening QRS complex and prolonged corrected QT interval in patients with stable angina. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:432. [PMID: 36180826 PMCID: PMC9523937 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is produced by cardiac cells, may acts in an autocrine manner, and was suggested to has a cardioprotective role in atherosclerosis. Wide QRS complex and heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc interval) prolongation are associated to dangerous ventricular arrhythmias and cardiovascular disease mortality. Yet, the role of FGF21 in cardiac arrhythmia has never been studied. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between plasma FGF21 and the QRS duration and QTc interval in patients with stable angina. METHODS Three hundred twenty-one consecutive stable angina patients were investigated. Plasma FGF21 was measured through ELISA, and each subject underwent 12-lead electrocardiography. RESULTS FGF21 plasma levels were positively associated with the QRS duration (β = 0.190, P = 0.001) and QTc interval (β = 0.277, P < 0.0001). With increasing FGF21 tertiles, the patients had higher frequencies of wide QRS complex and prolonged QTc interval. After adjusting for patients' anthropometric parameters, the corresponding odd ratios (ORs) for wide QRS complex of the medium and high of FGF21 versus the low of FGF21 were 1.39 (95% CI 0.51-3.90) and 4.41 (95% CI 1.84-11.59), respectively, and p for trend was 0.001. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis also showed the corresponding odd ratios (ORs) for prolonged QTc interval of the medium and high of FGF21 versus the low of FGF21 were 1.02 (95% CI 0.53-1.78) and 1.93 (95% CI 1.04-3.60) respectively with the p for trend of 0.037. In addition, age- and sex-adjusted FGF21 levels were positively associated with fasting glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, and adiponectin, but negatively associated with albumin, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that plasma FGF21 is associated with wide QRS complex and prolonged corrected QT interval in stable angina patients, further study is required to investigate the role of plasma FGF21 for the underlying pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chin Hung
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Teng-Hung Yu
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Wang
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Hsu
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Lu
- grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Wei
- grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Fu-Mei Chung
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Ching Wu
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hua Tang
- grid.278247.c0000 0004 0604 5314Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuli Branch, No. 91, Xinxing St., Yuli Township, Hualien County, 981002 Taiwan ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304 Taiwan
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17
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Abstract
It is important to understand how different human organs coordinate and interact with each other. Since obesity and cardiac disease frequently coincide, the crosstalk between adipose tissues and heart has drawn attention. We appreciate that specific peptides/proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and even organelles shuttle between the adipose tissues and heart. These bioactive components can profoundly affect the metabolism of cells in distal organs, including heart. Importantly, this process can be dysregulated under pathophysiological conditions. This also opens the door to efforts targeting these mediators as potential therapeutic strategies to treat patients who manifest diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, we summarize the recent progress toward a better understanding of how the adipose tissues and heart interact with each other.
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18
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Zhu Z, Gao Z, Chen B, Hall DD, Minerath R, Koval O, Sierra A, Subbotina E, Zhu X, Kim YR, Yang J, Grumbach I, Irani K, Grueter C, Song LS, Hodgson-Zingman DM, Zingman LV. Atrial-paced, exercise-similar heart rate envelope induces myocardial protection from ischaemic injury. Europace 2022; 24:1025-1035. [PMID: 34792112 PMCID: PMC9282913 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The study investigates the role and mechanisms of clinically translatable exercise heart rate (HR) envelope effects, without dyssynchrony, on myocardial ischaemia tolerance compared to standard preconditioning methods. Since the magnitude and duration of exercise HR acceleration are tightly correlated with beneficial cardiac outcomes, it is hypothesized that a paced exercise-similar HR envelope, delivered in a maximally physiologic way that avoids the toxic effects of chamber dyssynchrony, may be more than simply a readout, but rather also a significant trigger of myocardial conditioning and stress resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS For 8 days over 2 weeks, sedated mice were atrial-paced once daily via an oesophageal electrode to deliver an exercise-similar HR pattern with preserved atrioventricular and interventricular synchrony. Effects on cardiac calcium handling, protein expression/modification, and tolerance to ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury were assessed and compared to those in sham-paced mice and to the effects of exercise and ischaemic preconditioning (IPC). The paced cohort displayed improved myocardial IR injury tolerance vs. sham controls with an effect size similar to that afforded by treadmill exercise or IPC. Hearts from paced mice displayed changes in Ca2+ handling, coupled with changes in phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin protein kinase II, phospholamban and ryanodine receptor channel, and transcriptional remodelling associated with a cardioprotective paradigm. CONCLUSIONS The HR pattern of exercise, delivered by atrial pacing that preserves intracardiac synchrony, induces cardiac conditioning and enhances ischaemic stress resistance. This identifies the HR pattern as a signal for conditioning and suggests the potential to repurpose atrial pacing for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 601 Hwy 6 West, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Biyi Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Duane D Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rachel Minerath
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Olha Koval
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ana Sierra
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ekaterina Subbotina
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Young Rae Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Isabella Grumbach
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Chad Grueter
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Long Sheng Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Denice M Hodgson-Zingman
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Leonid V Zingman
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, CBRB 2270B, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 601 Hwy 6 West, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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19
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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Liu A, Zhang Y, Xun S, Zhou G, Lin L, Mei Y. Fibroblast growth factor 12 attenuated cardiac remodeling via suppressing oxidative stress. Peptides 2022; 153:170786. [PMID: 35304156 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) mediate key cardiac functions from development to homeostasis and disease. The current research was to explore the effects of FGF12 in the fibrosis of cardiac function and heart failure, and whether FGF12 alleviated cardiac fibrosis via inhibition of oxidative stress. Ligation of left coronary artery in mice induced heart failure and myocardial infarction (MI). Angiotensin II (Ang II) was administered to cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). FGF12 upregulation or FGF12 transgenic (Tg) mice could improve cardiac dysfunction of MI mice, and attenuated cardiac fibrosis of heart failure induced by MI in mice. FGF12 overexpression suppressed the increases of collagen I, collagen III and fibronectin which was induced by Ang II in CFs. The oxidative stress was enhanced in the heart of MI mice and CFs treated with Ang II, and these enhances were attenuated via FGF12 overexpression. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) overexpression inhibited the enhancements of collagen I, collagen III and fibronectin in the heart of MI mice, and in the CFs treated with Ang II. Overexpression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (Nox1) reversed the attenuating influences of FGF12 on the enhancements of collagen I, collagen III and fibronectin in the CFs induced by Ang II. These outcomes showed that FGF12 upregulation can improve cardiac dysfunction and heart fibrosis of heart failure. FGF12 attenuates oxidative stress to suppress the cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Yonglin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Shucan Xun
- Department of Cardiology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong Mei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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21
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Sorokina AG, Efimenko AY, Grigorieva OA, Novoseletskaya ES, Basalova NA, Aleksandrushkina NA, Vigovskiy MA, Kirillova KI, Strazhesko ID, Orlov AV, Balatskiy AV, Samokhodskaya LМ, Danilova NV, Dychkova UD, Akopyan AA, Kakotkin VV, Asratyan DA, Akopyan ZA, Orlova YA. [Correlations between vessel stiffness and biomarkers of senescent cell in elderly patients]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2022; 62:15-22. [PMID: 35834337 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2022.6.n2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aim To study the association between vascular wall stiffness and known markers for accumulation of senescent cells in blood, cells, and tissues of old patients.Material and methods This study included male and female patients aged 65 years and older who were referred to an elective surgical intervention, that included a surgical incision in the area of the anterior abdominal wall or large joints and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For all patients, traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and arterial wall stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV) were evaluated. Also, biomaterials (peripheral blood, skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue) were collected during the surgery and were used for isolation of several cell types and subsequent histological analysis to determine various markers of senescent cells.Results The study included 80 patients aged 65 to 90 years. The correlation analysis identified the most significant indexes that reflected the accumulation of senescent cells at the systemic, tissue, and cellular levels (r>0.3, р<0.05) and showed positive and negative correlations with PWV. The following blood plasma factors were selected as the markers of ageing: insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), and vascular endothelium adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). A significant negative correlation between PWV and IGF-1 concentration was found. Among the tissue markers, P16INK, the key marker for tissue accumulation of senescent cells, predictably showed a positive correlation (r=0.394, p<0.05). A medium-strength correlation with parameters of the 96-h increment of mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblasts and a weak correlation with IL-6 as a SASP (specific senescent-associated secretory phenotype) were noted. Results of the multifactorial linear regression analysis showed that the blood plasma marker, VCAM-1, and the cell marker, 96-h increment of fibroblasts, were associated with PWV regardless of the patient's age.Conclusion Stiffness of great arteries as measured by PWV significantly correlates with a number of plasma, tissue, and cellular markers for accumulation of senescent cells. This fact suggests PWV as a candidate for inclusion in the panel of parameters for evaluation and monitoring of the biological age during the senolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Sorokina
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - A Yu Efimenko
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - O A Grigorieva
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - E S Novoseletskaya
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - N A Basalova
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | | | - M A Vigovskiy
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - K I Kirillova
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - I D Strazhesko
- Russian Gerontology Research Center of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - A V Orlov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A V Balatskiy
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - L М Samokhodskaya
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - N V Danilova
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - U D Dychkova
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - A A Akopyan
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - V V Kakotkin
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - D A Asratyan
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - Z A Akopyan
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - Ya A Orlova
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University
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22
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Research Progress of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Fibrotic Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5042762. [PMID: 35677107 PMCID: PMC9168133 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5042762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological outcome of chronic injuries, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components in organs, as seen in most chronic inflammatory diseases. At present, there is an increasing tendency of the morbidity and mortality of diseases caused by fibrosis, but the treatment measures for fibrosis are still limited. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) belongs to the FGF19 subfamily, which also has the name endocrine FGFs because of their endocrine manner. In recent years, it has been found that plasma FGF21 level is significantly correlated with fibrosis progression. Furthermore, there is evidence that FGF21 has a pronounced antifibrotic effect in a variety of fibrotic diseases. This review summarizes the biological effects of FGF21 and discusses what is currently known about this factor and fibrosis disease, highlighting emerging insights that warrant further research.
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23
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Yanucil C, Kentrup D, Li X, Grabner A, Schramm K, Martinez EC, Li J, Campos I, Czaya B, Heitman K, Westbrook D, Wende AR, Sloan A, Roche JM, Fornoni A, Kapiloff MS, Faul C. FGF21-FGFR4 signaling in cardiac myocytes promotes concentric cardiac hypertrophy in mouse models of diabetes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7326. [PMID: 35513431 PMCID: PMC9072546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, a hormone that increases insulin sensitivity, has shown promise as a therapeutic agent to improve metabolic dysregulation. Here we report that FGF21 directly targets cardiac myocytes by binding β-klotho and FGF receptor (FGFR) 4. In combination with high glucose, FGF21 induces cardiac myocyte growth in width mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling. While short-term FGF21 elevation can be cardio-protective, we find that in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in mice, where serum FGF21 levels are elevated, FGFR4 activation induces concentric cardiac hypertrophy. As T2D patients are at risk for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), we propose that induction of concentric hypertrophy by elevated FGF21-FGFR4 signaling may constitute a novel mechanism promoting T2D-associated HFpEF such that FGFR4 blockade might serve as a cardio-protective therapy in T2D. In addition, potential adverse cardiac effects of FGF21 mimetics currently in clinical trials should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Yanucil
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tinsley Harrison Tower 611L, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dominik Kentrup
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tinsley Harrison Tower 611L, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xueyi Li
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, 1651 Page Mill Road, Mail Code 5356, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Grabner
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karla Schramm
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eliana C Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, Miami, USA
| | - Jinliang Li
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, 1651 Page Mill Road, Mail Code 5356, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, Miami, USA
| | - Isaac Campos
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tinsley Harrison Tower 611L, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Brian Czaya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tinsley Harrison Tower 611L, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kylie Heitman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tinsley Harrison Tower 611L, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - David Westbrook
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tinsley Harrison Tower 611L, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexis Sloan
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Johanna M Roche
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael S Kapiloff
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, 1651 Page Mill Road, Mail Code 5356, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, Miami, USA.
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tinsley Harrison Tower 611L, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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24
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Srivastava H, Pozzoli M, Lau E. Defining the Roles of Cardiokines in Human Aging and Age-Associated Diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:884321. [PMID: 35821831 PMCID: PMC9261440 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.884321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years an expanding collection of heart-secreted signaling proteins have been discovered that play cellular communication roles in diverse pathophysiological processes. This minireview briefly discusses current evidence for the roles of cardiokines in systemic regulation of aging and age-associated diseases. An analysis of human transcriptome and secretome data suggests the possibility that many other cardiokines remain to be discovered that may function in long-range physiological regulations. We discuss the ongoing challenges and emerging technologies for elucidating the identity and function of cardiokines in endocrine regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangi Srivastava
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Marina Pozzoli
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Edward Lau
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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25
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Croon M, Szczepanowska K, Popovic M, Lienkamp C, Senft K, Brandscheid CP, Bock T, Gnatzy-Feik L, Ashurov A, Acton RJ, Kaul H, Pujol C, Rosenkranz S, Krüger M, Trifunovic A. FGF21 modulates mitochondrial stress response in cardiomyocytes only under mild mitochondrial dysfunction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn7105. [PMID: 35385313 PMCID: PMC8986112 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn7105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial integrated stress response (mitoISR) has emerged as a major adaptive pathway to respiratory chain deficiency, but both the tissue specificity of its regulation, and how mitoISR adapts to different levels of mitochondrial dysfunction are largely unknown. Here, we report that diverse levels of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy activate mitoISR, including high production of FGF21, a cytokine with both paracrine and endocrine function, shown to be induced by respiratory chain dysfunction. Although being fully dispensable for the cell-autonomous and systemic responses to severe mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, in the conditions of mild-to-moderate cardiac OXPHOS dysfunction, FGF21 regulates a portion of mitoISR. In the absence of FGF21, a large part of the metabolic adaptation to mitochondrial dysfunction (one-carbon metabolism, transsulfuration, and serine and proline biosynthesis) is strongly blunted, independent of the primary mitoISR activator ATF4. Collectively, our work highlights the complexity of mitochondrial stress responses by revealing the importance of the tissue specificity and dose dependency of mitoISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Croon
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Karolina Szczepanowska
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milica Popovic
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Lienkamp
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Senft
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Paul Brandscheid
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Theresa Bock
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Leoni Gnatzy-Feik
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str, 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Artem Ashurov
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard James Acton
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Harshita Kaul
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Claire Pujol
- Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str, 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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26
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Huang W, Chen C, Lin T, Kuo C, Huang H, Huang P, Lin S. Fibroblast growth factor 21 reverses high‐fat diet‐induced impairment of vascular function via the anti‐oxidative pathway in ApoE knockout mice. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2451-2461. [PMID: 35307922 PMCID: PMC8995458 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which function in vascular repair, are the markers of endothelial dysfunction and vascular health. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a liver‐secreted protein, plays a crucial role in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. FGF21 has been reported to attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis, but its impact on EPCs under high oxidative stress conditions remains unclear. In vitro studies showed that the β‐klotho protein was expressed in cultured EPCs and that its expression was upregulated by FGF21 treatment. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced oxidative stress impaired EPC function, including cell viability, migration and tube formation. Pretreatment with FGF21 restored the functions of EPCs after the exposure to H2O2. Administration of N(ω)‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, inhibited the effects of FGF21 in alleviating oxidative injury by suppressing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In an in vivo study, the administration of FGF21 significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) and blood glucose levels in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)‐deficient mice that were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD). Endothelial function, as reflected by acetylcholine‐stimulated aortic relaxation, was improved after FGF21 treatment in ApoE‐deficient mice. Analysis of mRNA levels in the aorta indicated that FGF21 increased the mRNA expression of eNOS and upregulated the expression of the antioxidant genes superoxide dismutase (SOD)1 and SOD2 in ApoE‐deficient mice. These data suggest that FGF21 improves EPC functions via the Akt/eNOS/nitric oxide (NO) pathway and reverses endothelial dysfunction under oxidative stress. Therefore, administration of FGF21 may ameliorate a HFD‐induced vascular injury in ApoE‐deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Pin Huang
- Division of Cardiology Cheng Hsin General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Yu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tzu‐Wen Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chin‐Sung Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Lei Huang
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences Taipei Taiwan
| | - Po‐Hsun Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shing‐Jong Lin
- Division of Cardiology Cheng Hsin General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
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27
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Elevated Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Relevant to Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7138776. [PMID: 35069790 PMCID: PMC8767358 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7138776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and its association with Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF). Methods The level of FGF21 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 199 subjects enrolled in this study, including 128 subjects with HFrEF and 71 control subjects. The mean follow-up time was 13.36 months. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) percentage were evaluated by the 2D echocardiography. Serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was measured in the routine clinical laboratory. Results The serum FGF21 level was evidently higher in patients with HFrEF than in the control group (228.72 ± 24.04 vs. 171.60 ± 12.98, p < 0.001). After 1 year of follow-up, 61 patients (47.66%) with heart failure were readmitted to the hospital, including 8 deaths (13.11%). The AUC of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the predictive value of FGF21 for prognosis was 0.964. Kaplan-Meier analysis results showed that there were significant differences in the 1-year mortality and heart failure readmission events between the grouped subjects. A poor prognosis was correlated with the serum level of FGF21, BNP, LVEDD, and LVEF, which was confirmed by the univariate Cox analysis. Conclusion FGF21 was independently associated with an increased risk of mortality and readmission HFrEF patients. Therefore, FGF21 has the potential to be a biomarker for the progression of HFrEF in patients.
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28
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Li S, Jia H, Liu Z, Wang N, Guo X, Cao M, Fang F, Yang J, Li J, He Q, Guo R, Zhang T, Kang K, Wang Z, Liu S, Cao Y, Jiang X, Ren G, Wang K, Yu B, Xiao W, Li D. Fibroblast growth factor-21 as a novel metabolic factor for regulating thrombotic homeostasis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:400. [PMID: 35013379 PMCID: PMC8748457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) performs a wide range of biological functions in organisms. Here, we report for the first time that FGF-21 suppresses thrombus formation with no notable risk of bleeding. Prophylactic and therapeutic administration of FGF-21 significantly improved the degree of vascular stenosis and reduced the thrombus area, volume and burden. We determined the antithrombotic mechanism of FGF-21, demonstrating that FGF-21 exhibits an anticoagulant effect by inhibiting the expression and activity of factor VII (FVII). FGF-21 exerts an antiplatelet effect by inhibiting platelet activation. FGF-21 enhances fibrinolysis by promoting tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression and activation, while inhibiting plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) expression and activation. We further found that FGF-21 mediated the expression and activation of tPA and PAI-1 by regulating the ERK1/2 and TGF-β/Smad2 pathways, respectively. In addition, we found that FGF-21 inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors in thrombosis by regulating the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihang Liu
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Guo
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhua Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Yang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Li
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi He
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Kang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongbao Wang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukai Cao
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghao Jiang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiping Ren
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150028, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, 222001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, 222001, People's Republic of China.
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Gu L, Jiang W, Qian H, Zheng R, Li W. Elevated serum FGF21 predicts the major adverse cardiovascular events in STEMI patients after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12235. [PMID: 34703671 PMCID: PMC8487623 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although there have been several studies related to serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels and acute myocardial infarction, the value of serum FGF21 levels in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been previously investigated. Methods A total of 348 STEMI patients who underwent emergency PCI were enrolled from January 2016 to December 2018. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), with a median follow-up of 24 months. Eighty patients with stable angina (SA) who underwent selective PCI served as the control group. Serum FGF21 levels were measured by ELISA. Results Serum FGF21 levels were significantly higher in the STEMI group than in the SA group (225.03 ± 37.98 vs. 135.51 ± 34.48, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that serum FGF21 levels were correlated with NT-proBNP (P < 0.001). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of FGF21 and NT-proBNP were 0.812 and 0.865, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that STEMI patients with lower FGF21 levels had an increased MACE-free survival rate. Cox analysis revealed that high FGF21 levels (HR: 2.011, 95% CI: [1.160–3.489]) proved to be a powerful tool in predicting the risk of MACEs among STEMI patients after emergency PCI. Conclusion Elevated FGF21 levels on admission have been shown to be a powerful predictor of MACEs for STEMI patients after emergency PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenlong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huidong Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruolong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
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30
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Aleem M, Maqsood H, Younus S, Zafar AF, Talpur AS, Shakeel H. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Its Association With Oxidative Stress and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus 2021; 13:e17723. [PMID: 34659937 PMCID: PMC8490936 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in diabetic patients. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction lead to diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) characterized by impaired cardiac structure and function. Hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress, which can lead to microvascular complications, macrovascular complications, and atherosclerosis. Peripheral tissues produce fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), which has anti-inflammatory properties, increases oxidation of fatty acids, and improves insulin sensitivity. Its increased levels are found in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus and may also lead to coronary heart disease. Our study sought to measure the serum FGF-21 levels and their associations with lipid profile parameters and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology One-hundred fifty (150) patients of both genders with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited along with 150 controls. Simple random sampling was done. After taking relevant history and physical examination, we drew venous blood samples of each patient and sent them to the institutional laboratory for analysis of fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), lipid profile, and FGF-21 serum levels. Oxidative stress parameter malondialdehyde (MDA) was estimated and the total antioxidant status by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) was assessed. Patients were followed up after three months to record the glycemic index, and the values were recorded. We used SPSS Software 25.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, USA) to analyze the data. For consideration of results to be statistically significant, a 𝑃 value of < 0.05 was selected. Results The levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were increased in diabetics compared to controls and were statistically significant (p<0.05). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was lower in diabetic patients as compared to the controls (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in the level of MDA in diabetics compared to controls (p˂0.005). Serum levels of total antioxidant status (FRAP) were decreased in diabetics in comparison with controls (p˂0.005). Serum FGF-21 level was statistically increased in diabetics compared to controls (p˂0.005). FGF-21 and MDA are positively correlated and FGF-21 and FRAP are negatively correlated. Serum FGF-21 is positively correlated with total cholesterol, triglycerides, serum LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. Conclusion Our study concludes that there is a significant correlation between fibroblast growth factor 21, oxidative stress, and abnormal lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. FGF-21 could be the target of certain medications used to treat metabolic disorders and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Aleem
- Internal Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, PAK
| | - Hamza Maqsood
- Internal Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, PAK
| | - Shifa Younus
- Internal Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, PAK
| | - Ahmed F Zafar
- Internal Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, PAK
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31
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Li J, Li Y, Liu Y, Yu H, Xu N, Huang D, Xue Y, Li S, Chen H, Liu J, Li Q, Zhao Y, Zhang R, Xue H, Sun Y, Li M, Li P, Liu M, Zhang Z, Li X, Du W, Wang N, Yang B. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Ameliorates Na V1.5 and Kir2.1 Channel Dysregulation in Human AC16 Cardiomyocytes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715466. [PMID: 34630093 PMCID: PMC8493335 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infarcted myocardium is predisposed to cause lethal ventricular arrhythmias that remain the main cause of death in patients suffering myocardial ischemia. Liver-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine regulator, which exerts metabolic actions by favoring glucose and lipids metabolism. Emerging evidence has shown a beneficial effect of FGF21 on cardiovascular diseases, but the role of FGF21 on ventricular arrhythmias following myocardial infarction (MI) in humans has never been addressed. This study was conducted to investigate the pharmacological effects of FGF21 on cardiomyocytes after MI in humans. Patients with arrhythmia in acute MI and healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Serum samples were collected from these subjects on day 1 and days 7–10 after the onset of MI for measuring FGF21 levels using ELISA. Here, we found that the serum level of FGF21 was significantly increased on day 1 after the onset of MI and it returned to normal on days 7–10, relative to the Control samples. In order to clarify the regulation of FGF21 on arrhythmia, two kinds of arrhythmia animal models were established in this study, including ischemic arrhythmia model (MI rat model) and nonischemic arrhythmia model (ouabain-induced guinea pig arrhythmia model). The results showed that the incidence and duration time of ischemic arrhythmias in rhbFGF21-treated MI rats were significantly reduced at different time point after MI compared with normal saline-treated MI rats. Moreover, the onset of the first ventricular arrhythmias was delayed and the numbers of VF and maintenance were attenuated by FGF21 compared to the rhbFGF21-untreated group in the ouabain model. Consistently, in vitro study also demonstrated that FGF21 administration was able to shorten action potential duration (APD) in hydrogen peroxide-treated AC16 cells. Mechanically, FGF21 can ameliorate the electrophysiological function of AC16 cells, which is characterized by rescuing the expression and dysfunction of cardiac sodium current (INa) and inward rectifier potassium (Ik1) in AC16 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the restorative effect of FGF21 on NaV1.5 and Kir2.1 was eliminated when FGF receptors were inhibited. Collectively, FGF21 has the potential role of ameliorating transmembrane ion channels remodeling through the NaV1.5/Kir2.1 pathway by FGF receptors and thus reducing life-threatening postinfarcted arrhythmias, which provides new strategies for antiarrhythmic therapy in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Li
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanshi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yining Liu
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hang Yu
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Xu
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Di Huang
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yadong Xue
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sijia Li
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haixin Chen
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingsui Li
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ronghao Zhang
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongru Xue
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuehang Sun
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Li
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingbin Liu
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Li
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weijie Du
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- The Department of Pharmacology and State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Thioredoxin-1 and Correlations of the Plasma Cytokines Regarding Aortic Valve Stenosis Severity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081041. [PMID: 34440245 PMCID: PMC8391645 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis (AS) develops not only with a pronounced local inflammatory response, but also oxidative stress is involved. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of thioredoxin-1 (TRX1), myeloperoxidase (MPO), chemerin, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), and metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3, and -9 in acquired AS patients as well as to clarify the correlations of TXR1 and the plasma inflammatory biomarkers regarding AS severity. AS patients were classified into three groups: 16 patients with mild AS stenosis, 19 with moderate and 11 with severe AS, and 30 subjects without AS were selected as a control group. AS patients had significantly higher plasma levels of TRX1 compared to controls, but the highest difference was found in mild AS patients compared to the controls. We conclude that AS is associated with significantly increased plasma TRX1 levels, and TRX1 might serve as a specific and sensitive biomarker of AS. TRX1 and also chemerin, GDF-15, VEGF-A, FGF-2 and FGF-21 significantly correlate with AS severity degrees. TRX1 also showed positive association with FGF-2, VEGF-A, and MMP-3 in all AS patients.
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Gao J, Liu J, Meng Z, Li Y, Hong Y, Wang L, He L, Hu B, Zheng Y, Li T, Cui D, Shen E. Ultrasound-assisted C 3F 8-filled PLGA nanobubbles for enhanced FGF21 delivery and improved prophylactic treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:395-408. [PMID: 34129954 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious cardiac complication of diabetes that currently lacks specific treatment. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been proved to have cardioprotective effect in DCM. However, the insufficient cardiac delivery effect of FGF21 limits its application in DCM. Therefore, to improve the therapeutic efficacy of FGF21 in DCM, an effective drug delivery system is urgently required. In this study, perfluoropropane (C3F8) and polyethylenimine (PEI)-doped poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanobubbles (CPPNBs) were synthesized via double-emulsion evaporation and FGF21 was efficiently absorbed (CPPNBs@FGF21) via the electrostatic incorporation effect. CPPNBs@FGF21 could effectively deliver FGF21 to the myocardial tissue through the cavitation effect under low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS). The as-prepared CPPNBs@FGF21 could efficiently load FGF21 after doping with the cationic polymer PEI, and displayed uniform dispersion and favorable biosafety. After filling with C3F8, CPPNBs@FGF21 could be used for distribution monitoring through ultrasound imaging. Moreover, CPPNBs@FGF21 significantly downregulated the expression of ANP, CTGF, and caspase-3 mRNA via the action of LFUS owing to increased FGF21 release, therefore exhibiting enhanced inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy, apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis in DCM mice. In conclusion, we established an effective protein delivery nanocarrier for the diagnosis and prophylactic treatment of DCM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious cardiac complication of diabetes that currently lacks effective clinical treatments. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) can protect cardiomyocytes from diabetic damage, but insufficient cardiac drug delivery limits the application of FGF21 in DCM. In this study, perfluoropropane (C3F8) and polyethylenimine (PEI)-doped poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanobubbles loaded with FGF21 (CPPNBs@FGF21) were developed for the prophylactic treatment of DCM. CPPNBs@FGF21 could effectively deliver the FGF21 to the myocardial tissue through the cavitation effect of low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS). Our results indicated that CPPNBs@FGF21 combined with LFUS could significantly down-regulate the expressions of ANP, CTGF, and caspase-3 mRNA, and as a result, it prevented the myocardial hypertrophy, apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis of DCM mice. Overall, we established an effective protein delivery nanocarrier for the diagnosis and prophylactic treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Gao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China.; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Zheying Meng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yuping Hong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lirui Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lan He
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, 8 Caobao Road, Shanghai 200235, PR China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China.; Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, 8 Caobao Road, Shanghai 200235, PR China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Tianliang Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China.; Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, 8 Caobao Road, Shanghai 200235, PR China.
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miR-124-3p targeted SIRT1 to regulate cell apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in acute myocardial infarction in rats via modulation of the FGF21/CREB/PGC1α pathway. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:577-587. [PMID: 34146302 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether miR-124-3p influences cell apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by mediating the SIRT1/FGF21/CREB/PGC1α pathway. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to verify the relationship between miR-124-3p and SIRT1. AMI rats were established via coronary artery ligation after injection with agomiR-124-3p, antagomiR-124-3p, and/or SIRT1 siRNA, and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), HE, and TUNEL stainings were performed. Bio-Plex rat cytokine assays were performed to determine proinflammatory factor levels. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to examine the mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The activity levels of antioxidant enzymes in myocardial tissues were also measured. miR-124-3p was confirmed to target SIRT1 in the H9C2 cells. AMI rats exhibited increased miR-124-3p expression and decreased SIRT1 expression in myocardial tissues. HE staining showed a disorganized cell arrangement and inflammatory cell infiltration in the myocardial tissues of the AMI rats, which was more severe in the rats injected with SIRT1 and agomiR-124-3p but was ameliorated in those treated with antagomiR-124-3p. Moreover, the AMI rats in the antagomiR-124-3p group presented with a reduction in infarct area with an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity, Bcl-2 expression, and activation of the FGF21/CREB/PGC1α pathway, as well as a decrease in cell apoptosis rate, Bax and Caspase-3 expression, and levels of proinflammatory factors, effects that were reversed by si-SIRT1. Inhibiting miR-124-3p expression may activate the FGF21/CREB/PGC1α pathway to reduce cell apoptosis, alleviate the inflammatory response, and attenuate oxidative stress in AMI rats by targeting SIRT1. Graphical abstract.
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Khosravi F, Ahmadvand N, Bellusci S, Sauer H. The Multifunctional Contribution of FGF Signaling to Cardiac Development, Homeostasis, Disease and Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672935. [PMID: 34095143 PMCID: PMC8169986 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current focus on cardiovascular research reflects society’s concerns regarding the alarming incidence of cardiac-related diseases and mortality in the industrialized world and, notably, an urgent need to combat them by more efficient therapies. To pursue these therapeutic approaches, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action for multifunctional fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in the biology of the heart is a matter of high importance. The roles of FGFs in heart development range from outflow tract formation to the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and the formation of heart chambers. In the context of cardiac regeneration, FGFs 1, 2, 9, 16, 19, and 21 mediate adaptive responses including restoration of cardiac contracting rate after myocardial infarction and reduction of myocardial infarct size. However, cardiac complications in human diseases are correlated with pathogenic effects of FGF ligands and/or FGF signaling impairment. FGFs 2 and 23 are involved in maladaptive responses such as cardiac hypertrophic, fibrotic responses and heart failure. Among FGFs with known causative (FGFs 2, 21, and 23) or protective (FGFs 2, 15/19, 16, and 21) roles in cardiac diseases, FGFs 15/19, 21, and 23 display diagnostic potential. The effective role of FGFs on the induction of progenitor stem cells to cardiac cells during development has been employed to boost the limited capacity of postnatal cardiac repair. To renew or replenish damaged cardiomyocytes, FGFs 1, 2, 10, and 16 were tested in (induced-) pluripotent stem cell-based approaches and for stimulation of cell cycle re-entry in adult cardiomyocytes. This review will shed light on the wide range of beneficiary and detrimental actions mediated by FGF ligands and their receptors in the heart, which may open new therapeutic avenues for ameliorating cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Khosravi
- Department of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Negah Ahmadvand
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Lee M, Kim KJ, Chung TH, Bae J, Lee YH, Lee BW, Cha BS, Yun M, Kang ES. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diastolic dysfunction, and impaired myocardial glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:1041-1051. [PMID: 33394549 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether degree of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with myocardial dysfunction related to impaired myocardial glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 131 patients with type 2 diabetes from a tertiary care hospital were included in this study. Myocardial glucose uptake was assessed using [18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were determined using transient liver elastography. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate cardiac structure and function. RESULTS Patients with NAFLD had cardiac diastolic dysfunction with higher left ventricular filling pressure (E/e' ratio) and left atrial (LA) volume index than patients without NAFLD (all P < 0.05). Hepatic steatosis correlated with E/e' ratio and LA volume index, and hepatic fibrosis also correlated with E/e' ratio (all P < 0.05). Even after adjusting for confounding factors, a higher degree of hepatic steatosis (r2 = 0.409, P = 0.041) and a higher degree of fibrosis (r2 = 0.423, P = 0.009) were independent contributing factors to a higher E/e' ratio. Decreased myocardial glucose uptake was associated with a higher degree of steatosis (P for trend = 0.084) and fibrosis (P for trend = 0.012). At the same time, decreased myocardial glucose uptake was an independent contributing factor for a higher E/e' ratio (r2 = 0.409; P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were significantly associated with diastolic heart dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes coupled with impaired myocardial glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ha Chung
- Department of Health Promotion, Severance Check-up, Health Promotion Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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37
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Romanello V. FGF21: a promising therapeutic agent for alcoholic cardiomyopathy? †. J Pathol 2021; 254:213-215. [PMID: 33630303 DOI: 10.1002/path.5654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic regulator fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been reported as a cardioprotective factor regulating cardiac remodeling in several cardiac diseases. In a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology, Ferrer-Curriu, Guitart-Mampel et al investigated FGF21 in alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). They showed that FGF21 deficiency aggravates alcohol-induced cardiac damage and dysfunction by exacerbating mitochondrial alterations, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolic dysregulation, suggesting FGF21 as a promising therapeutic agent in ACM. Paradoxically, FGF21 cardiac and circulating levels correlate with cardiac damage and oxidative stress in patients with ACM, pointing to FGF21 as a potential biomarker of alcohol-induced cardiac damage. Further studies are needed to address when FGF21 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker and when it can be used as a therapeutic agent to treat ACM. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina Romanello
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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38
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McCarty MF. Nutraceutical, Dietary, and Lifestyle Options for Prevention and Treatment of Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073321. [PMID: 33805039 PMCID: PMC8037104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although well documented drug therapies are available for the management of ventricular hypertrophy (VH) and heart failure (HF), most patients nonetheless experience a downhill course, and further therapeutic measures are needed. Nutraceutical, dietary, and lifestyle measures may have particular merit in this regard, as they are currently available, relatively safe and inexpensive, and can lend themselves to primary prevention as well. A consideration of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the VH/HF syndrome suggests that measures which control oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, that support effective nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide bioactivity, that prevent a reduction in cardiomyocyte pH, and that boost the production of protective hormones, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), while suppressing fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and marinobufagenin, may have utility for preventing and controlling this syndrome. Agents considered in this essay include phycocyanobilin, N-acetylcysteine, lipoic acid, ferulic acid, zinc, selenium, ubiquinol, astaxanthin, melatonin, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, berberine, citrulline, high-dose folate, cocoa flavanols, hawthorn extract, dietary nitrate, high-dose biotin, soy isoflavones, taurine, carnitine, magnesium orotate, EPA-rich fish oil, glycine, and copper. The potential advantages of whole-food plant-based diets, moderation in salt intake, avoidance of phosphate additives, and regular exercise training and sauna sessions are also discussed. There should be considerable scope for the development of functional foods and supplements which make it more convenient and affordable for patients to consume complementary combinations of the agents discussed here. Research Strategy: Key word searching of PubMed was employed to locate the research papers whose findings are cited in this essay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity Foundation, 811 B Nahant Ct., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
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Abstract
As a non-canonical fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) functions as an endocrine hormone that signals to distinct targets throughout the body. Interest in therapeutic applications for FGF21 was initially sparked by its ability to correct metabolic dysfunction and decrease body weight associated with diabetes and obesity. More recently, new functions for FGF21 signalling have emerged, thus indicating that FGF21 is a dynamic molecule capable of regulating macronutrient preference and energy balance. Here, we highlight the major physiological and pharmacological effects of FGF21 related to nutrient and energy homeostasis and summarize current knowledge regarding FGF21’s pharmacodynamic properties. In addition, we provide new perspectives and highlight critical unanswered questions surrounding this unique metabolic messenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H Flippo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neurosciences Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Iowa Neurosciences Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Hofmanis J, Tretjakovs P, Svirskis S, Gersone G, Hofmane D, Rozenberga U, Blumfelds L, Bahs G, Lejnieks A, Mackevics V. Prognostic Utility of Circulating Growth Factors in Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Pilot Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57010078. [PMID: 33477548 PMCID: PMC7831117 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Aortic valve stenosis (AS) develops with a pronounced local inflammatory response, where a variety of growth factors are involved in the process, and may have a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of our study was to elucidate whether circulating growth factors: growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) could be proposed as clinically relevant biomarkers to improve risk stratification in AS patients. Materials and Methods: AS patients were classified into three groups: 16 patients with mild AS stenosis; 19 with moderate and 11 with severe AS, and 30 subjects without AS (echocardiographically approved) were selected as a control group. GDF-15, Ang-2, VEGF-A, FGF-2, and FGF-21 were measured in plasma by the ELISA method. Results: GDF-15 levels differed significantly not only when comparing AS patients with control groups (p < 0.0001), but also a statistically significant difference was achieved when comparing AS patients at a mild degree stage with control individuals. We found a strong relationship of GDF-15 levels regarding AS severity degree (p < 0.0001). VEGF-A, FGF-2 and FGF-21 levels were significantly higher in AS patients than in controls, but relationships regarding the AS severity degree were weaker (p < 0.02). ROC analysis of the study growth factors showed that GDF-15 might serve as a specific and sensitive biomarker of AS stenosis (AUC = 0.75, p = 0.0002). FGF-21 correlated with GDF-15, Ang-2, and FGF-2, but it did not reach the level to serve as a clinically relevant biomarker of AS stenosis. Conclusions: AS is associated with significantly increased GDF-15, VEGF-A, FGF-2, and FGF-21 levels in plasma, but only GDF-15 shows a pronounced relationship regarding AS severity degree, and GDF-15 might serve as a specific and sensitive biomarker of AS stenosis.
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Feng E, Wang J, Wang X, Wang Z, Chen X, Zhu X, Hou W. Inhibition of HMGB1 Might Enhance the Protective Effect of Taxifolin in Cardiomyocytes via PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:316-332. [PMID: 34567165 PMCID: PMC8457741 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.113584.14384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) affect millions of people and spend a lot of medical costs around the world each year. Taxifolin is a natural anti-oxidative reagent obtained from multiple plants and exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects. High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is expressed in multiple types of cells in the extracellular environment, regulating the pro-inflammatory process. Here, we detected the viability of cells using MTT assay, and the expression of each target protein was detected using western blotting analysis. The expression of each target mRNA was detected using the qPCR method, and the concentration of each cytokine in serum samples was detected using the ELISA method. In this study, we found that taxifolin could decrease the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) while increasing the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), presented a protective role. Besides, taxifolin could also increase the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-α (VEGF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and fibroblast growth factor21 (FGF21), resulting in viability rate increasing. And these effects were mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway; a similar trend was also observed in HMGB1 knockdown mice. We also found that inhibition of HMGB1 could enhance the cardioprotective effect of taxifolin and might be a new therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjun Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China, 300000.
- E. F. and J. W. and X. W. contributed equally to this work.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China, 300000.
- E. F. and J. W. and X. W. contributed equally to this work.
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Oncology Department of Characteristic Medical Center of PAF, Tianjin, China, 300162.
- E. F. and J. W. and X. W. contributed equally to this work.
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Medical Research Department of Characteristic Medical Center of PAF, Tianjin, China, 300162.
| | - Xiaochu Chen
- Medical Research Department of Characteristic Medical Center of PAF, Tianjin, China, 300162.
| | - Xu Zhu
- Second Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Handan, Handan, China, 056000.
| | - Wenli Hou
- Cadre Ward of Characteristic Medical Center of PAF, Tianjin, China, 300162.
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42
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Xiao M, Tang Y, Wang S, Wang J, Wang J, Guo Y, Zhang J, Gu J. The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications and Related Epigenetic Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:598008. [PMID: 34349728 PMCID: PMC8326758 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.598008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), is an emerging metabolic regulator mediates multiple beneficial effects in the treatment of metabolic disorders and related complications. Recent studies showed that FGF21 acts as an important inhibitor in the onset and progression of cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Furthermore, evidences discussed so far demonstrate that epigenetic modifications exert a crucial role in the initiation and development of DM-related cardiovascular complications. Thus, epigenetic modifications may involve in the function of FGF21 on DM-induced cardiovascular complications. Therefore, this review mainly interprets and delineates the recent advances of role of FGF21 in DM cardiovascular complications. Then, the possible changes of epigenetics related to the role of FGF21 on DM-induced cardiovascular complications are discussed. Thus, this article not only implies deeper understanding of the pathological mechanism of DM-related cardiovascular complications, but also provides the possible novel therapeutic strategy for DM-induced cardiovascular complications by targeting FGF21 and related epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Xiao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of China Medical University, and Department of Cardiology at the People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Junlian Gu,
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Ferrer‐Curriu G, Guitart‐Mampel M, Rupérez C, Zamora M, Crispi F, Villarroya F, Fernández‐Solà J, Garrabou G, Planavila A. The protective effect of fibroblast growth factor‐21 in alcoholic cardiomyopathy: a role in protecting cardiac mitochondrial function. J Pathol 2020; 253:198-208. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Ferrer‐Curriu
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) i Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu (IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Madrid Spain
| | - Mariona Guitart‐Mampel
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex‐IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service – Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona and CIBERER Barcelona Spain
| | - Celia Rupérez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) i Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu (IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Madrid Spain
| | - Monica Zamora
- Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal –Barcelona Center for Maternal–Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital San Juan de Deu) Institut Clinic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatalogia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Fatima Crispi
- Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal –Barcelona Center for Maternal–Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital San Juan de Deu) Institut Clinic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatalogia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) i Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu (IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Madrid Spain
| | - Joaquim Fernández‐Solà
- Alcohol Unit, Department of Medicine Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Gloria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex‐IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service – Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona and CIBERER Barcelona Spain
| | - Anna Planavila
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) i Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu (IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Madrid Spain
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Geng L, Lam KSL, Xu A. The therapeutic potential of FGF21 in metabolic diseases: from bench to clinic. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:654-667. [PMID: 32764725 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a stress-inducible hormone that has important roles in regulating energy balance and glucose and lipid homeostasis through a heterodimeric receptor complex comprising FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and β-klotho. Administration of FGF21 to rodents or non-human primates causes considerable pharmacological benefits on a cluster of obesity-related metabolic complications, including a reduction in fat mass and alleviation of hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular disorders and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, native FGF21 is unsuitable for clinical use owing to poor pharmacokinetic and biophysical properties. A large number of long-acting FGF21 analogues and agonistic monoclonal antibodies for the FGFR1-β-klotho receptor complexes have been developed. Several FGF21 analogues and mimetics have progressed to early phases of clinical trials in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and NASH. In these trials, the primary end points of glycaemic control have not been met, whereas substantial improvements were observed in dyslipidaemia, hepatic fat fractions and serum markers of liver fibrosis in patients with NASH. The complexity and divergence in pharmacology and pathophysiology of FGF21, interspecies variations in FGF21 biology, the possible existence of obesity-related FGF21 resistance and endogenous FGF21 inactivation enzymes represent major obstacles to clinical implementation of FGF21-based pharmacotherapies for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiluo Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen S L Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhao J, Pei L. Cardiac Endocrinology: Heart-Derived Hormones in Physiology and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:949-960. [PMID: 33015416 PMCID: PMC7524786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The heart plays a central role in the circulatory system and provides essential oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors to the whole organism. The heart can synthesize and secrete endocrine signals to communicate with distant target organs. Studies of long-known and recently discovered heart-derived hormones highlight a shared theme and reveal a unified mechanism of heart-derived hormones in coordinating cardiac function and target organ biology. This paper reviews the biochemistry, signaling, function, regulation, and clinical significance of representative heart-derived hormones, with a focus on the cardiovascular system. This review also discusses important and exciting questions that will advance the field of cardiac endocrinology.
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Key Words
- ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide
- ActR, activin receptor
- BNP, brain natriuretic peptide
- CNP, C-type natriuretic peptide
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FSTL, follistatin-like
- GDF, growth differentiation factor
- GDF15
- GFRAL, GDNF family receptor α-like
- NPR, natriuretic peptide receptors
- PCSK, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type
- ST2, suppression of tumorigenesis-2
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- cardiac endocrinology
- heart
- heart-derived hormones
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liming Pei
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Belbellaa B, Reutenauer L, Messaddeq N, Monassier L, Puccio H. High Levels of Frataxin Overexpression Lead to Mitochondrial and Cardiac Toxicity in Mouse Models. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 19:120-138. [PMID: 33209958 PMCID: PMC7648087 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FA) is currently an incurable inherited mitochondrial disease caused by reduced levels of frataxin (FXN). Cardiac dysfunction is the main cause of premature death in FA. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy constitutes a promising approach for FA, as demonstrated in cardiac and neurological mouse models. While the minimal therapeutic level of FXN protein to be restored and biodistribution have recently been defined for the heart, it is unclear if FXN overexpression could be harmful. Indeed, depending on the vector delivery route and dose administered, the resulting FXN protein level could reach very high levels in the heart, cerebellum, or off-target organs such as the liver. The present study demonstrates safety of FXN cardiac overexpression up to 9-fold the normal endogenous level but significant toxicity to the mitochondria and heart above 20-fold. We show gradual severity with increasing FXN overexpression, ranging from subclinical cardiotoxicity to left ventricle dysfunction. This appears to be driven by impairment of the mitochondria respiratory chain and ultrastructure, which leads to cardiomyocyte subcellular disorganization, cell death, and fibrosis. Overall, this study underlines the need, during the development of gene therapy approaches, to consider appropriate vector expression level, long-term safety, and biomarkers to monitor such events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Belbellaa
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch 67404, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch 67404, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch 67404, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Laurence Reutenauer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch 67404, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch 67404, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch 67404, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch 67404, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch 67404, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch 67404, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Laurent Monassier
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie NeuroCardiovasculaire EA7296, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg 67085, France
| | - Hélène Puccio
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch 67404, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch 67404, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch 67404, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
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47
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Jiang Y, Lin L, Liu N, Wang Q, Yuan J, Li Y, Chung KK, Guo S, Yu Z, Wang X. FGF21 Protects against Aggravated Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption after Ischemic Focal Stroke in Diabetic db/db Male Mice via Cerebrovascular PPARγ Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030824. [PMID: 32012810 PMCID: PMC7037567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant fibroblast growth factor 21 (rFGF21) has been shown to be potently beneficial for improving long-term neurological outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stroke mice. Here, we tested the hypothesis that rFGF21 protects against poststroke blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage in T2DM mice via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation in cerebral microvascular endothelium. We used the distal middle cerebral occlusion (dMCAO) model in T2DM mice as well as cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) subjected to hyperglycemic and inflammatory injury in the current study. We detected a significant reduction in PPARγ DNA-binding activity in the brain tissue and mRNA levels of BBB junctional proteins and PPARγ-targeting gene CD36 and FABP4 in cerebral microvasculature at 24 h after stroke. Ischemic stroke induced a massive BBB leakage two days after stroke in T2DM mice compared to in their lean controls. Importantly, all abnormal changes were significantly prevented by rFGF21 administration initiated at 6 h after stroke. Our in vitro experimental results also demonstrated that rFGF21 protects against hyperglycemia plus interleukin (IL)-1β-induced transendothelial permeability through upregulation of junction protein expression in an FGFR1 activation and PPARγ activity elevation-dependent manner. Our data suggested that rFGF21 has strong protective effects on acute BBB leakage after diabetic stroke, which is partially mediated by increasing PPARγ DNA-binding activity and mRNA expression of BBB junctional complex proteins. Together with our previous investigations, rFGF21 might be a promising candidate for treating diabetic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Jiang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.J.); (N.L.); (Q.W.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Li Lin
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (L.L.); (K.K.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Ning Liu
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.J.); (N.L.); (Q.W.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.J.); (N.L.); (Q.W.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jing Yuan
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.J.); (N.L.); (Q.W.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yadan Li
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.J.); (N.L.); (Q.W.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kelly K. Chung
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (L.L.); (K.K.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (L.L.); (K.K.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (L.L.); (K.K.C.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (X.W.); Tel.: +1-617-724-9503 (Z.Y.); +1-504-988-2646 (X.W.); Fax: +1-617-726-7830 (Z.Y.); +1-504-988-5793 (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.J.); (N.L.); (Q.W.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (X.W.); Tel.: +1-617-724-9503 (Z.Y.); +1-504-988-2646 (X.W.); Fax: +1-617-726-7830 (Z.Y.); +1-504-988-5793 (X.W.)
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48
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Xu S, Wang Y, Yu M, Wang D, Liang Y, Chen Y, Liao C, Xie Z, Zhao B, Han J, Duan Y, Yang X. LongShengZhi capsule inhibits doxorubicin-induced heart failure by anti-oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109803. [PMID: 31877550 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. LongShengZhi capsule (LSZ), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used for treatment of patients with vascular diseases. Herein we investigated the effect of LSZ treatment on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced heart failure in mice. C57BL/6 mice randomly in 3 groups received following treatment: Control group, mice were fed normal chow; DOX group, mice were intraperitoneally injected DOX to induce heart failure and fed normal chow; and LSZ group, mice were injected DOX and fed normal chow containing LSZ. DOX induced heart failure as evidenced by increased serum creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and cardiac fibrosis. However, LSZ treatment substantially inhibited DOX-induced heart failure parameters. Mechanistically, LSZ reduced collagen content and fibrosis by inhibiting expression of collagen type I α1 (COL1α1), COL1α2, α-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor β1. In addition, DOX-induced cell apoptosis was inhibited by LSZ, coupled with reduced caspase 3 activity and mRNA expression. LSZ decreased inflammatory cytokine levels. More importantly, LSZ decreased oxidative stress by inducing expression of anti-oxidative stress enzymes including superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), SOD2, catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 through activation of forkhead box O3A and sirtuin 3. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that LSZ reduces heart failure by reducing production of reactive oxygen species and inhibiting inflammation/apoptosis. Our study also suggests the potential application of LSZ for heart failure treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Maoyun Yu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yingquan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhouling Xie
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | | | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China; College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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49
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Xiao Z, King G, Mancarella S, Munkhsaikhan U, Cao L, Cai C, Quarles LD. FGF23 expression is stimulated in transgenic α-Klotho longevity mouse model. JCI Insight 2019; 4:132820. [PMID: 31801907 PMCID: PMC6962016 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Observations in transgenic α-Klotho (Kl) mice (KlTg) defined the antiaging role of soluble Klotho (sKL130). A genetic translocation that elevates sKL levels in humans is paradoxically associated with increased circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels and the potential of both membrane KL (mKL135) and sKL130 to act as coreceptors for FGF23 activation of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). Neither FGF23 expression nor the contributions of FGF23, mKL135, and sKL130 codependent and independent functions have been investigated in KlTg mice. In the current study, we examined the effects of Kl overexpression on FGF23 levels and functions in KlTg mice. We found that mKL135 but not sKL130 stimulated FGF23 expression in osteoblasts, leading to elevated Fgf23 bone expression and circulating levels in KlTg mice. Elevated FGF23 suppressed 1,25(OH)2D and parathyroid hormone levels but did not cause hypophosphatemic rickets in KlTg mice. KlTg mice developed low aldosterone-associated hypertension but not left ventricular hypertrophy. Mechanistically, we found that mKL135 and sKL130 are essential cofactors for FGF23-mediated ERK activation but that they inhibited FGF23 stimulation of PLC-γ and PI3K/AKT signaling. Thus, increased longevity in KlTg mice occurs in the presence of excess FGF23 that interacts with mKL and sKL to bias FGFR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gwendalyn King
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Undral Munkhsaikhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chun Cai
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leigh Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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50
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Jiang Y, Liu N, Wang Q, Yu Z, Lin L, Yuan J, Guo S, Ahn BJ, Wang XJ, Li X, Lo EH, Sun X, Wang X. Endocrine Regulator rFGF21 (Recombinant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 21) Improves Neurological Outcomes Following Focal Ischemic Stroke of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Male Mice. Stroke 2019; 49:3039-3049. [PMID: 30571410 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.022119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- The complexity and heterogeneity of stroke, as well as the associated comorbidities, may render neuroprotective drugs less efficacious in clinical practice. Therefore, the development of targeted therapies to specific patient subsets has become a high priority in translational stroke research. Ischemic stroke with type 2 diabetes mellitus has a nearly double mortality rate and worse neurological outcomes. In the present study, we tested our hypothesis that rFGF21 (recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 21) administration is beneficial for improving neurological outcomes of ischemic stroke with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods- Type 2 diabetes mellitus db/db and nondiabetic genetic control db/+ mice were subjected into permanent focal ischemia of distal middle cerebral artery occlusion, we examined the effects of poststroke administration with rFGF21 in systemic metabolic disorders, inflammatory gatekeeper PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) activity at 3 days, mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and microglia/macrophage activation at 7 days in the perilesion cortex, and last neurological function deficits, ischemic brain infarction, and white matter integrity up to 14 days after stroke of db/db mice. Results- After permanent focal ischemia, diabetic db/db mice presented confounding pathological features, including metabolic dysregulation, more severe brain damage, and neurological impairment, especially aggravated proinflammatory response and white matter integrity loss. However, daily rFGF21 treatment initiated at 6 hours after stroke for 14 days significantly normalized systemic metabolic disorders, rescued PPARγ activity decline, inhibited proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression, and M1-like microglia/macrophage activation in the brain. Importantly, rFGF21 also significantly reduced white matter integrity loss, ischemic brain infarction, and neurological function deficits up to 14 days after stroke. The potential mechanisms of rFGF21 may in part consist of potent systematic metabolic regulation and PPARγ-activation promotion-associated antiproinflammatory roles in the brain. Conclusions- Taken together, these results suggest rFGF21 might be a novel and potent candidate of the disease-modifying strategy for treating ischemic stroke with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Jiang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (Y.J., X.S., ).,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.)
| | - Ning Liu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.).,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (N.L.)
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.).,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (Q.W., J.Y.)
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.)
| | - Li Lin
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.).,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (L.L., X.-J.W., X.L.)
| | - Jing Yuan
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.).,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (Q.W., J.Y.)
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.)
| | - Bum Ju Ahn
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.)
| | - Xiao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (L.L., X.-J.W., X.L.)
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (L.L., X.-J.W., X.L.)
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.)
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (Y.J., X.S., )
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.)
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