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Wee IC, Arulsamy A, Corrigan F, Collins-Praino L. Long-Term Impact of Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury on Neuroinflammation and Catecholaminergic Signaling: Potential Relevance for Parkinson's Disease Risk. Molecules 2024; 29:1470. [PMID: 38611750 PMCID: PMC11013319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD), though the exact mechanisms remain unclear. TBI triggers acute neuroinflammation and catecholamine dysfunction post-injury, both implicated in PD pathophysiology. The long-term impact on these pathways following TBI, however, remains uncertain. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham surgery or Marmarou's impact acceleration model to induce varying TBI severities: single mild TBI (mTBI), repetitive mild TBI (rmTBI), or moderate-severe TBI (msTBI). At 12 months post-injury, astrocyte reactivity (GFAP) and microglial levels (IBA1) were assessed in the striatum (STR), substantia nigra (SN), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) using immunohistochemistry. Key enzymes and receptors involved in catecholaminergic transmission were measured via Western blot within the same regions. Minimal changes in these markers were observed, regardless of initial injury severity. Following mTBI, elevated protein levels of dopamine D1 receptors (DRD1) were noted in the PFC, while msTBI resulted in increased alpha-2A adrenoceptors (ADRA2A) in the STR and decreased dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH) in the SN. Neuroinflammatory changes were subtle, with a reduced number of GFAP+ cells in the SN following msTBI. However, considering the potential for neurodegenerative outcomes to manifest decades after injury, longer post-injury intervals may be necessary to observe PD-relevant alterations within these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing Chee Wee
- Cognition, Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - Frances Corrigan
- Head Injury Lab, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Lyndsey Collins-Praino
- Cognition, Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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2
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Cao Y, Chen H, Tan Y, Yu XD, Xiao C, Li Y, Reilly J, He Z, Shu X. Protection of p-Coumaric acid against chronic stress-induced neurobehavioral deficits in mice via activating the PKA-CREB-BDNF pathway. Physiol Behav 2024; 273:114415. [PMID: 38000530 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a body of evidence to suggest that chronic stress modulates neurochemical homeostasis, alters neuronal structure, inhibits neurogenesis and contributes to development of mental disorders. Chronic stress-associated mental disorders present common symptoms of cognitive impairment and depression with complex disease mechanisms. P-coumaric acid (p-CA), a natural phenolic compound, is widely distributed in vegetables, cereals and fruits. p-CA exhibits a wide range of health-related effects, including anti-oxidative-stress, anti-mutagenesis, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer activities. The current study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of p-CA against stress-associated mental disorders. We assessed the effect of p-CA on cognitive deficits and depression-like behavior in mice exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS); we used network pharmacology, biochemical and molecular biological approaches to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. CRS exposure caused memory impairments and depression-like behavior in mice; p-CA administration attenuated these CRS-induced memory deficits and depression-like behavior. Network pharmacology analysis demonstrated that p-CA was possibly involved in multiple targets and a variety of signaling pathways. Among them, the protein kinase A (PKA) - cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) - brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway was predominant and further characterized. The levels of PKA, phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) and BDNF were significantly lowered in the hippocampus of CRS mice, suggesting disruption of the PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway; p-CA treatment restored the signaling pathway. Furthermore, CRS upregulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines in hippocampus, while p-CA reversed the CRS-induced effects. Our findings suggest that p-CA will offer therapeutic benefit to patients with stress-associated mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Cao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Branch, Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Branch, Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Yinna Tan
- Anesthesiology department, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Xu-Dong Yu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Branch, Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Chuli Xiao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Branch, Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Yin Li
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Branch, Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Zhiming He
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Branch, Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China.
| | - Xinhua Shu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Branch, Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China; Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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3
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Sahay S, Henkel ND, Vargas CFA, McCullumsmith RE, O’Donovan SM. Activity of Protein Kinase A in the Frontal Cortex in Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2023; 14:13. [PMID: 38248228 PMCID: PMC10813263 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious cognitive disorder characterized by disruptions in neurotransmission, a process requiring the coordination of multiple kinase-mediated signaling events. Evidence suggests that the observed deficits in schizophrenia may be due to imbalances in kinase activity that propagate through an intracellular signaling network. Specifically, 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-associated signaling pathways are coupled to the activation of neurotransmitter receptors and modulate cellular functions through the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), an enzyme whose function is altered in the frontal cortex in schizophrenia. In this study, we measured the activity of PKA in human postmortem anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) tissue from schizophrenia and age- and sex-matched control subjects. No significant differences in PKA activity were observed in male and female individuals in either brain region; however, correlation analyses indicated that PKA activity in the ACC may be influenced by tissue pH in all subjects and by age and tissue pH in females. Our data provide novel insights into the function of PKA in the ACC and DLPFC in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Sahay
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (N.D.H.); (C.F.-A.V.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Nicholas Daniel Henkel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (N.D.H.); (C.F.-A.V.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Christina Flora-Anabelle Vargas
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (N.D.H.); (C.F.-A.V.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Robert Erne McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (N.D.H.); (C.F.-A.V.); (R.E.M.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Promedica, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Sinead Marie O’Donovan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (N.D.H.); (C.F.-A.V.); (R.E.M.)
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Johnson AL, Verbitsky R, Hudson J, Dean R, Hamilton TJ. Cannabinoid type-2 receptors modulate terpene induced anxiety-reduction in zebrafish. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115760. [PMID: 37865998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes are the most extensive and varied group of naturally occurring compounds mostly found in plants, including cannabis, and have an array of potential therapeutic benefits for pathological conditions. The endocannabinoid system can potently modulate anxiety in humans, rodents, and zebrafish. The 'entourage effect' suggests terpenes may target cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, among others, but this requires further investigation. In this study we first tested for anxiety-altering effects of the predominant 'Super-Class' terpenes, bisabolol (0.001%, 0.0015%, and 0.002%) and terpinolene (TPL; 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1%), in zebrafish with the open field test. Bisabolol did not have an effect on zebrafish behaviour or locomotion. However, TPL caused a significant increase in time spent in the inner zone and decrease in time spent in the outer zone of the arena indicating an anxiolytic (anxiety decreasing) effect. Next, we assessed whether CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists, rimonabant and AM630 (6-Iodopravadoline) respectively, could eliminate or reduce the anxiolytic effects of TPL (0.1%) and β-caryophyllene (BCP; 4%), another super-class terpene previously shown to be anxiolytic in zebrafish. Rimonabant and AM630 were administered prior to terpene exposure and compared to controls and fish exposed to only the terpenes. AM630, but not rimonabant, eliminated the anxiolytic effects of both BCP and TPL. AM630 modulated locomotion on its own, which was potentiated by terpenes. These findings suggest the behavioural effects of TPL and BCP on zebrafish anxiety-like behaviour are mediated by a selective preference for CB2 receptor sites. Furthermore, the CB2 pathways mediating the anxiolytic response are likely different from those altering locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University 6-329 City Centre Campus, 10700 - 104 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 4S2, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ryan Verbitsky
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University 6-329 City Centre Campus, 10700 - 104 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - James Hudson
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University 6-329 City Centre Campus, 10700 - 104 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Rachel Dean
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University 6-329 City Centre Campus, 10700 - 104 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Trevor J Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University 6-329 City Centre Campus, 10700 - 104 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 4S2, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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5
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Chen S, Shao Q, Chen J, Lv X, Ji J, Liu Y, Song Y. Bile acid signalling and its role in anxiety disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1268865. [PMID: 38075046 PMCID: PMC10710157 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1268865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorder is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder that afflicts 7.3%~28.0% of the world's population. Bile acids are synthesized by hepatocytes and modulate metabolism via farnesoid X receptor (FXR), G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5), etc. These effects are not limited to the gastrointestinal tract but also extend to tissues and organs such as the brain, where they regulate emotional centers and nerves. A rise in serum bile acid levels can promote the interaction between central FXR and TGR5 across the blood-brain barrier or activate intestinal FXR and TGR5 to release fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), respectively, which in turn, transmit signals to the brain via these indirect pathways. This review aimed to summarize advancements in the metabolism of bile acids and the physiological functions of their receptors in various tissues, with a specific focus on their regulatory roles in brain function. The contribution of bile acids to anxiety via sending signals to the brain via direct or indirect pathways was also discussed. Different bile acid ligands trigger distinct bile acid signaling cascades, producing diverse downstream effects, and these pathways may be involved in anxiety regulation. Future investigations from the perspective of bile acids are anticipated to lead to novel mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic targets for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehan Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Freeman B, Mamallapalli J, Bian T, Ballas K, Lynch A, Scala A, Huo Z, Fredenburg KM, Bruijnzeel AW, Baglole CJ, Lu J, Salloum RG, Malaty J, Xing C. Opportunities and Challenges of Kava in Lung Cancer Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119539. [PMID: 37298489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths due to its high incidence, late diagnosis, and limited success in clinical treatment. Prevention therefore is critical to help improve lung cancer management. Although tobacco control and tobacco cessation are effective strategies for lung cancer prevention, the numbers of current and former smokers in the USA and globally are not expected to decrease significantly in the near future. Chemoprevention and interception are needed to help high-risk individuals reduce their lung cancer risk or delay lung cancer development. This article will review the epidemiological data, pre-clinical animal data, and limited clinical data that support the potential of kava in reducing human lung cancer risk via its holistic polypharmacological effects. To facilitate its future clinical translation, advanced knowledge is needed with respect to its mechanisms of action and the development of mechanism-based non-invasive biomarkers in addition to safety and efficacy in more clinically relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Freeman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jessica Mamallapalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tengfei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kayleigh Ballas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Allison Lynch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alexander Scala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health & Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kristianna M Fredenburg
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, PennState Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ramzi G Salloum
- Department of Health Outcome & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John Malaty
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Božić M, Pirnat S, Fink K, Potokar M, Kreft M, Zorec R, Stenovec M. Ketamine Reduces the Surface Density of the Astroglial Kir4.1 Channel and Inhibits Voltage-Activated Currents in a Manner Similar to the Action of Ba 2+ on K + Currents. Cells 2023; 12:1360. [PMID: 37408194 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A single sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine evokes rapid and long-lasting beneficial effects in patients with a major depressive disorder. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. It has been proposed that astrocyte dysregulation of extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) alters neuronal excitability, thus contributing to depression. We examined how ketamine affects inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1, the principal regulator of K+ buffering and neuronal excitability in the brain. Cultured rat cortical astrocytes were transfected with plasmid-encoding fluorescently tagged Kir4.1 (Kir4.1-EGFP) to monitor the mobility of Kir4.1-EGFP vesicles at rest and after ketamine treatment (2.5 or 25 µM). Short-term (30 min) ketamine treatment reduced the mobility of Kir4.1-EGFP vesicles compared with the vehicle-treated controls (p < 0.05). Astrocyte treatment (24 h) with dbcAMP (dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate, 1 mM) or [K+]o (15 mM), which increases intracellular cAMP, mimicked the ketamine-evoked reduction of mobility. Live cell immunolabelling and patch-clamp measurements in cultured mouse astrocytes revealed that short-term ketamine treatment reduced the surface density of Kir4.1 and inhibited voltage-activated currents similar to Ba2+ (300 µM), a Kir4.1 blocker. Thus, ketamine attenuates Kir4.1 vesicle mobility, likely via a cAMP-dependent mechanism, reduces Kir4.1 surface density, and inhibits voltage-activated currents similar to Ba2+, known to block Kir4.1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mićo Božić
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Pirnat
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Fink
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Kreft
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Stenovec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Tang G, Guo Y, Zhang L, Wang T, Li R, Yang J, Wang Y, Liu J. 5-HT 1B receptors in the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus regulate anxiety-like behaviors through AC-PKA signal pathway in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 449:114488. [PMID: 37169129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly accompanied with anxiety, multiple studies indicate that the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (BLA) is closely related to modulation of anxiety and expresses serotonin1B (5-HT1B) receptors, however, effects of BLA 5-HT1B receptors on anxiety-like behaviors are unclear, particularly in PD-related anxiety. METHODS The open-field and elevated plus maze tests were used to examine anxiety-like behaviors. In vivo electrophysiology and microdialysis were performed to observe the firing activity of BLA neurons and GABA, glutamate, dopamine (DA) and 5-HT release in the BLA, respectively. Western blotting was used to analyze protein expression of 5-HT1B receptors, adenylate cyclase (AC) and phosphorylated protein kinase A at threonine 197 site (p-PKA-Thr197) in the BLA. RESULTS Intra-BLA injection of 5-HT1B receptor agonist CP93129 produced anxiety-like effects and antagonist SB216641 induced anxiolytic-like responses in sham-operated and 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Further, pretreatment with AC inhibitor SQ22536 and PKA inhibitor KT5720 blocked the behavioral effects of CP93129, respectively. Intra-BLA injection of CP93129 increased the firing rate of BLA glutamate neurons and decreased GABA/glutamate ratio and DA and 5-HT levels in the BLA of sham-operated and the lesioned rats, while SB216641 induced the opposite effects. Compared with sham-operated rats, effects of CP93129 and SB216641 on behaviors, electrophysiology and microdialysis were decreased in the lesioned rats, which were associated with decreased expression of 5-HT1B receptors, AC and p-PKA-Thr197 in the BLA. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that 5-HT1B receptor-AC-PKA signal pathway in the BLA is involved in the regulation of PD-related anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyi Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ruotong Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Thomas R, Hernandez A, Benavides DR, Li W, Tan C, Umfress A, Plattner F, Chakraborti A, Pozzo-Miller L, Taylor SS, Bibb JA. Integrated regulation of PKA by fast and slow neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens controls plasticity and stress responses. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102245. [PMID: 35835216 PMCID: PMC9386499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical glutamate and midbrain dopamine neurotransmission converge to mediate striatum-dependent behaviors, while maladaptations in striatal circuitry contribute to mental disorders. However, the crosstalk between glutamate and dopamine signaling has not been entirely elucidated. Here we uncover a molecular mechanism by which glutamatergic and dopaminergic signaling integrate to regulate cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) via phosphorylation of the PKA regulatory subunit, RIIβ. Using a combination of biochemical, pharmacological, neurophysiological, and behavioral approaches, we find that glutamate-dependent reduction in cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)-dependent RIIβ phosphorylation alters the PKA holoenzyme autoinhibitory state to increase PKA signaling in response to dopamine. Furthermore, we show that disruption of RIIβ phosphorylation by Cdk5 enhances cortico-ventral striatal synaptic plasticity. In addition, we demonstrate that acute and chronic stress in rats inversely modulate RIIβ phosphorylation and ventral striatal infusion of a small interfering peptide that selectively targets RIIβ regulation by Cdk5 improves behavioral response to stress. We propose this new signaling mechanism integrating ventral striatal glutamate and dopamine neurotransmission is important to brain function, may contribute to neuropsychiatric conditions, and serves as a possible target for the development of novel therapeutics for stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Thomas
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adan Hernandez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, México; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David R Benavides
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, The University of Alabama Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alan Umfress
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Florian Plattner
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ayanabha Chakraborti
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Lucas Pozzo-Miller
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, The University of Alabama Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, The University of Alabama Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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10
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Ganne A, Balasubramaniam M, Griffin WST, Shmookler Reis RJ, Ayyadevara S. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein: A Biomarker and Drug Target for Alzheimer’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071354. [PMID: 35890250 PMCID: PMC9322874 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament structural protein involved in cytoskeleton assembly and integrity, expressed in high abundance in activated glial cells. GFAP is neuroprotective, as knockout mice are hypersensitive to traumatic brain injury. GFAP in cerebrospinal fluid is a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, we present novel evidence that GFAP is markedly overexpressed and differentially phosphorylated in AD hippocampus, especially in AD with the apolipoprotein E [ε4, ε4] genotype, relative to age-matched controls (AMCs). Kinases that phosphorylate GFAP are upregulated in AD relative to AMC. A knockdown of these kinases in SH-SY5Y-APPSw human neuroblastoma cells reduced amyloid accrual and lowered protein aggregation and associated behavioral traits in C. elegans models of polyglutamine aggregation (as observed in Huntington’s disease) and of Alzheimer’s-like amyloid formation. In silico screening of the ChemBridge structural library identified a small molecule, MSR1, with stable and specific binding to GFAP. Both MSR1 exposure and GF AP-specific RNAi knockdown reduce aggregation with remarkably high concordance of aggregate proteins depleted. These data imply that GFAP and its phosphorylation play key roles in neuropathic aggregate accrual and provide valuable new biomarkers, as well as novel therapeutic targets to alleviate, delay, or prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha Ganne
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.G.); (M.B.); (W.S.T.G.)
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | | | - W. Sue T. Griffin
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.G.); (M.B.); (W.S.T.G.)
- BioInformatics Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Robert J. Shmookler Reis
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.G.); (M.B.); (W.S.T.G.)
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- BioInformatics Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence: (R.J.S.R.); (S.A.); Tel.: +1-501-526-5820 (R.J.S.R.); +1-501-526-7282 (S.A.)
| | - Srinivas Ayyadevara
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.G.); (M.B.); (W.S.T.G.)
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- BioInformatics Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence: (R.J.S.R.); (S.A.); Tel.: +1-501-526-5820 (R.J.S.R.); +1-501-526-7282 (S.A.)
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11
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Battaglia S, Fabius JH, Moravkova K, Fracasso A, Borgomaneri S. The Neurobiological Correlates of Gaze Perception in Healthy Individuals and Neurologic Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030627. [PMID: 35327431 PMCID: PMC8945205 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to adaptively follow conspecific eye movements is crucial for establishing shared attention and survival. Indeed, in humans, interacting with the gaze direction of others causes the reflexive orienting of attention and the faster object detection of the signaled spatial location. The behavioral evidence of this phenomenon is called gaze-cueing. Although this effect can be conceived as automatic and reflexive, gaze-cueing is often susceptible to context. In fact, gaze-cueing was shown to interact with other factors that characterize facial stimulus, such as the kind of cue that induces attention orienting (i.e., gaze or non-symbolic cues) or the emotional expression conveyed by the gaze cues. Here, we address neuroimaging evidence, investigating the neural bases of gaze-cueing and the perception of gaze direction and how contextual factors interact with the gaze shift of attention. Evidence from neuroimaging, as well as the fields of non-invasive brain stimulation and neurologic patients, highlights the involvement of the amygdala and the superior temporal lobe (especially the superior temporal sulcus (STS)) in gaze perception. However, in this review, we also emphasized the discrepancies of the attempts to characterize the distinct functional roles of the regions in the processing of gaze. Finally, we conclude by presenting the notion of invariant representation and underline its value as a conceptual framework for the future characterization of the perceptual processing of gaze within the STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battaglia
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Jasper H. Fabius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QB, UK; (J.H.F.); (K.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Katarina Moravkova
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QB, UK; (J.H.F.); (K.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessio Fracasso
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QB, UK; (J.H.F.); (K.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (S.B.)
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12
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Bian T, Ding H, Wang Y, Hu Q, Chen S, Fujioka N, Aly FZ, Lu J, Huo Z, Xing C. OUP accepted manuscript. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:659-670. [PMID: 35353881 PMCID: PMC9653071 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our earlier work demonstrated varying potency of dihydromethysticin (DHM) as the active kava phytochemical for prophylaxis of tobacco carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)-induced mouse lung carcinogenesis. Efficacy was dependent on timing of DHM gavage ahead of NNK insult. In addition to DNA adducts in the lung tissues mitigated by DHM in a time-dependent manner, our in vivo data strongly implicated the existence of DNA damage-independent mechanism(s) in NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis targeted by DHM to fully exert its anti-initiation efficacy. In the present work, RNA seq transcriptomic profiling of NNK-exposed (2 h) lung tissues with/without a DHM (8 h) pretreatment revealed a snap shot of canonical acute phase tissue damage and stress response signaling pathways as well as an activation of protein kinase A (PKA) pathway induced by NNK and the restraining effects of DHM. The activation of the PKA pathway by NNK active metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) at a concentration incapable of promoting DNA adduct was confirmed in a lung cancer cell culture model, potentially through NNAL binding to and activation of the β-adrenergic receptor. Our in vitro and in vivo data overall support the hypothesis that DHM suppresses PKA activation as a key DNA damage-independent mechanistic lead, contributing to its effective prophylaxis of NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis. Systems biology approaches with a detailed temporal dissection of timing of DHM intake versus NNK exposure are warranted to fill the knowledge gaps concerning the DNA damage-driven mechanisms and DNA damage-independent mechanisms to optimize the implementation strategy for DHM to achieve maximal lung cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuzhi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Naomi Fujioka
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - F Zahra Aly
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 352-295-8511; Fax: 352-273-9724;
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Zhiguang Huo. Tel: 352-294-5929; Fax: 352-294-5931;
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13
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Sfera A, Osorio C, Rahman L, Zapata-Martín del Campo CM, Maldonado JC, Jafri N, Cummings MA, Maurer S, Kozlakidis Z. PTSD as an Endothelial Disease: Insights From COVID-19. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:770387. [PMID: 34776871 PMCID: PMC8586713 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.770387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, has affected almost every aspect of human life, precipitating stress-related pathology in vulnerable individuals. As the prevalence rate of posttraumatic stress disorder in pandemic survivors exceeds that of the general and special populations, the virus may predispose to this disorder by directly interfering with the stress-processing pathways. The SARS-CoV-2 interactome has identified several antigens that may disrupt the blood-brain-barrier by inducing premature senescence in many cell types, including the cerebral endothelial cells. This enables the stress molecules, including angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, to aberrantly activate the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex, increasing the vulnerability to stress related disorders. This is supported by observing the beneficial effects of angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in both posttraumatic stress disorder and SARS-CoV-2 critical illness. In this narrative review, we take a closer look at the virus-host dialog and its impact on the renin-angiotensin system, mitochondrial fitness, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We discuss the role of furin cleaving site, the fibrinolytic system, and Sigma-1 receptor in the pathogenesis of psychological trauma. In other words, learning from the virus, clarify the molecular underpinnings of stress related disorders, and design better therapies for these conditions. In this context, we emphasize new potential treatments, including furin and bromodomains inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Department of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Carolina Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Leah Rahman
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | | | - Jose Campo Maldonado
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Nyla Jafri
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | | | - Steve Maurer
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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14
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Liu D, Cai X, Wang L, Yi F, Liao W, Huang R, Fang C, Chen J, Zhou J. Comparative Proteomics of Rat Olfactory Bulb Reveal Insights into Susceptibility and Resiliency to Chronic-stress-induced Depression or Anxiety. Neuroscience 2021; 473:29-43. [PMID: 34425157 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress causes the abnormality of olfactory bulb (OB) in both anxiety and depression, however, the unique and common neurobiological underpinnings are still poorly understood. Previously, we built the three groups by chronic mild stress (CMS), depression-susceptible (Dep-Sus): with depression-like behavior, anxiety-susceptible (Anx-Sus): with anxiety-like behavior and insusceptible (Insus): without depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. To continuously explore the protein expression changes in these three groups, comparative quantitative proteomics analysis was conducted on the rat OB as crucial part of the olfactory system. Next, bioinformatics analyses were implemented whereas protein expressions were independently analyzed by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) or Western blot (WB). The OB-proteome analysis identified totally 133 differentially expressed proteins as a CMS response. These deregulated proteins were involved in multiple functions and significant pathways potentially correlated with phenotypes of maladaptive behavior of depression or anxiety as well as adaptive behavior, and hence might act as potential candidate protein targets. The subsequent PRM-based or WB-based analyses showed that changes in Nefl, Mtmr7 and Tk2; Prkaca, Coa3, Cox6c2, Lamc1 and Tubal3; and Pabpn1, Nme3, Sos1 and Lum were uniquely associated with Dep-Sus, Anx-Sus, and Insus groups, respectively. These phenotype-specific deregulated proteins were primarily involved in multiple metabolic and signaling pathways, suggesting that the identical CMS differently impacted the olfactory protein regulation system and biological processes. To sum up, our present data as a useful proteomics underpinning provided the common and distinct molecular insights into the biochemical understanding of OB dysfunction underlying susceptibility and resiliency to chronic-stress-induced anxiety or depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- Shenzhen Wininnovate Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 410034, China
| | - Faping Yi
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rongzhong Huang
- ChuangXu Institute of Life Science, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Institute of Life Science, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chui Fang
- Shenzhen Wininnovate Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 410034, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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15
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Ragone A, Salzillo A, Spina A, Zappavigna S, Caraglia M, Sapio L, Naviglio S. Protein Kinase A Detection in Human Urine Samples. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4096. [PMID: 34575203 PMCID: PMC8464865 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Actively involved in tumor maintenance, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) has been proposed as a putative biomarker in cancer. Recently, an active PKA form has been identified in human sera and PKA autoantibodies have been detected in cancer patients. However, their serum functions, as well as diagnostic significance, remain largely unknown. Although several PKA detection assays have been developed, none refer to a laboratory diagnostic procedure. Among these, ELISA and Western blotting (WB) assays have been employed in PKA detection. Since, to the best of our knowledge, there are no data showing its presence in human urine samples, herein, we explore the possibility of PKA's existence in this biological specimen. Interestingly, among the 30 screened urines by quantitative sandwich ELISA, we recognized detectable PKA levels in 5 different samples, and of those two exhibited a considerable high concentration. To corroborate these results, we also evaluated PKA's presence in both positive and negative ELISA urines by WB. Remarkably, immunoblotting analysis confirmed PKA's existence in certain, but not in all, human urine specimens. Despite being quite preliminary, these findings firstly identify PKA in urine samples and provide evidence for its potential clinic usage as a diagnostic analyte in laboratory medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luigi Sapio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (S.N.)
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16
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Wang L, Guo T, Guo Y, Xu Y. Asiaticoside produces an antidepressant‑like effect in a chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression in mice, involving reversion of inflammation and the PKA/pCREB/BDNF signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2364-2372. [PMID: 32705202 PMCID: PMC7411460 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiaticoside is one of the triterpenoid components found in Centella asiatica that has promising neuroprotective properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant‑like properties of asiaticoside and to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying its mode of action using a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS). Behavioral tests, including sucrose preference test, forced swimming test and tail suspension test, were performed to evaluate symptoms of depression. The expression levels of neurotransmitters, 5‑hydroxytryptamine (5‑HT) and norepinephrine (NE), in the hippocampus were measured by high‑performance liquid chromatography. ELISA and western blotting were used to detect protein expression. It was demonstrated that asiaticoside treatment (20 and 40 mg/kg; intragastric) significantly reversed the decrease in sucrose consumption, and reduced the immobility time in tail suspension tests and forced swimming tests in CMS mice. Furthermore, asiaticoside treatment upregulated the expression of 5‑HT and NE in the CMS mouse model. Asiaticoside administration also downregulated the levels of interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and tumor necrosis factor‑α in the hippocampus, and reduced the phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)‑κBp65 and the expression of nod‑like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), thus decreasing the expression of mature caspase‑1. Furthermore, asiaticoside significantly increased the levels of cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA), and enhanced phosphorylation of the cAMP‑related specific marker vasodilator‑stimulated phosphoprotein at serine 157. Therefore, asiaticoside may activate the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway to inhibit NF‑κB‑ and NLRP3‑related inflammation. Moreover, phosphorylation of the cAMP‑responsive element‑binding protein at serine 133 and the expression of brain‑derived neurotrophic factor were increased after asiaticoside administration. Collectively, the present results suggested that asiaticoside may play a vital role as an antidepressant and anti‑inflammatory agent in the CMS mouse model by regulating the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoqing Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, P.R. China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222061, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ganyu District People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222100, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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17
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Kim GS, Uddin M. Sex-specific and shared expression profiles of vulnerability and resilience to trauma in brain and blood. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:13. [PMID: 32228684 PMCID: PMC7106761 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined by behavioral/cognitive symptoms most directly relevant to brain function, it can be considered a systemic disorder characterized by a distinct inability to reinstate homeostasis after trauma. METHODS In this study, we conducted a secondary analysis of gene expression profiles in key PTSD-relevant tissues, namely blood, amygdala, and hippocampus, from a rat model of PTSD, to identify sex-specific and shared processes associated with individual differences in response to recent trauma exposure. RESULTS Our findings suggest both shared and sex-specific mechanisms underlying individual differences associated with vulnerability and resilience to trauma in hippocampus, amygdala, and blood. By disentangling cell composition from transcriptional changes, we found higher proportions of hippocampal oligodendrocytes in the PTSD-like, extreme behavioral response (EBR) group for both sexes and also identified modules for transcriptional activity associated with group differences (i.e., response to trauma) in the hippocampus that appeared to be sex-specific. By contrast, we found prominent sex differences, but no group differences, in amygdalar cell composition, and both shared and sex-specific modules representing PTSD-relevant transcriptional activity in the amygdala. Across amygdala and hippocampus, both sex-specific and shared processes were relevant to an overarching framework for EBR implicating disrupted TNFα/NFκΒ signaling and excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in dysregulated synaptic/structural plasticity with important implications for fear learning and memory. Our main finding in peripheral blood was consistent with the human literature and identified wound healing processes and hemostasis to be upregulated in the resilient, minimal behavioral response (MBR) group across sexes, but disrupted in a sexually dimorphic manner in the EBR group. CONCLUSION In contrast to the varied characterization of the PTSD-like EBR group, characterization of MBR across blood, amygdala, and hippocampus suggests a common theme of upregulated wound healing and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling shared between sexes. In all, we identified differential oligodendrocyte proportions in hippocampus between PTSD-like EBR and resilient MBR, and identified processes and pathways that characterize the EBR and MBR-associated transcriptional changes across hippocampus, amygdala, and blood. The sex-specific mechanisms involved in EBR may contribute to the pronounced disparity in risk for PTSD, with women much more likely to develop PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace S Kim
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Medical Scholars Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Monica Uddin
- Genomics Program, Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd., Ste. 304, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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18
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Liang C, Li Y, Bai M, Huang Y, Yang H, Liu L, Wang S, Yu C, Song Z, Bao Y, Yi J, Sun L, Li Y. Hypericin attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and abnormal lipid metabolism via the PKA-mediated AMPK signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104657. [PMID: 31982488 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide and constitutes a major risk factor for progression to cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The occurrence of NAFLD is closely associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and implies a high risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, specific and effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD are necessary. Hypericin (HP) is one of the main active ingredients of Hypericum perforatum L., and we previously revealed its protective role in islet β-cells and its effects against type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aimed to explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of HP against NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrated that HP improved cell viability by reducing apoptosis and attenuated lipid accumulation in hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivovia attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting lipogenesis and enhancing lipid oxidization. Thus, HP exhibited significant preventive and therapeutic effects against HFHS-induced NAFLD and dyslipidemia in mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HP directly bound to PKACα and activated PKA/AMPK signaling to elicit its effects against NAFLD, suggesting that PKACα is one of the drug targets of HP. In addition, the enhancing effect of HP on lipolysis in adipocytes through the activation of PKACα was also elucidated. Together, the conclusions indicated that HP, of which one of the targets is PKACα, has the potential to be used as a preventive or therapeutic drug against NAFLD or abnormal lipid metabolism in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Miao Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhenbo Song
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yongli Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jingwen Yi
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Luguo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Yuxin Li
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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19
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Ding Z, Ejendal KFK, Soto-Velasquez M, Hayes MP, Santoro N, Larsen MJ, Watts VJ. Genome-Wide Small Interfering RNA Screening Reveals a Role for Cullin3-Really Interesting New Gene Ligase Signaling in Heterologous Sensitization of Adenylyl Cyclase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:267-276. [PMID: 31857349 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.261255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous sensitization of adenylyl cyclase (AC) is revealed as enhanced or exaggerated AC/cAMP signaling that occurs following persistent activation of Gα i/o-coupled receptors. This paradoxical phenomenon was discovered more than 40 years ago and was proposed as a cellular mechanism to explain the adaptive changes that occur following chronic exposure to drugs of abuse. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of heterologous sensitization of AC remain largely unknown. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide cell-based RNA interference screen as an unbiased approach to identify genes associated with heterologous sensitization of AC. Following a series of validation and confirmation assays, three genes that form an E3 ligase complex, cullin3 (CUL3), neural precursor-cell-expressed and developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8), and really interesting new gene (RING)-box protein 1 (RBX1), were identified as specific modulators of heterologous sensitization of AC. Furthermore, based on the downstream actions of these genes, we evaluated the activity of proteasome inhibitors as well as the specific NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor, MLN4924 (Pevonedistat), in AC sensitization. We demonstrate that MG-132 and bortezomib treatments could mimic the inhibitory effects observed with gene knockdown, and MLN4924 was potent and efficacious in blocking the development of heterologous sensitization of endogenous and recombinant AC isoforms, including AC1, AC2, AC5, and AC6. Together, by using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we identified, for the first time, cullin3-RING ligases and the protein degradation pathway as essential modulators for heterologous sensitization of AC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Through a genome-wide cell-based RNA interference screening, we identified three genes that form an E3 ligase complex, cullin3, neural precursor-cell-expressed and developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8), and really interesting new gene-box protein 1, as specific modulators of heterologous sensitization of AC. The effect of cullin3, NEDD8, or really interesting new gene-box protein 1 small interfering RNAs on heterologous sensitization was recapitulated by proteasome inhibitors, MG132 and bortezomib, and the specific NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor, MLN4924. These results suggest a novel hypothesis in which protein degradation is involved in the sensitization of AC signaling that occurs following chronic activation of Gαi/o-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Z.D., K.F.K.E., M.S.-V., M.P.H., V.J.W.), Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery (V.J.W.), and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (V.J.W.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and Center for Chemical Genomics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (N.S., M.J.L.)
| | - Karin F K Ejendal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Z.D., K.F.K.E., M.S.-V., M.P.H., V.J.W.), Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery (V.J.W.), and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (V.J.W.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and Center for Chemical Genomics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (N.S., M.J.L.)
| | - Monica Soto-Velasquez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Z.D., K.F.K.E., M.S.-V., M.P.H., V.J.W.), Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery (V.J.W.), and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (V.J.W.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and Center for Chemical Genomics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (N.S., M.J.L.)
| | - Michael P Hayes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Z.D., K.F.K.E., M.S.-V., M.P.H., V.J.W.), Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery (V.J.W.), and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (V.J.W.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and Center for Chemical Genomics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (N.S., M.J.L.)
| | - Nicholas Santoro
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Z.D., K.F.K.E., M.S.-V., M.P.H., V.J.W.), Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery (V.J.W.), and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (V.J.W.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and Center for Chemical Genomics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (N.S., M.J.L.)
| | - Martha J Larsen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Z.D., K.F.K.E., M.S.-V., M.P.H., V.J.W.), Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery (V.J.W.), and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (V.J.W.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and Center for Chemical Genomics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (N.S., M.J.L.)
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (Z.D., K.F.K.E., M.S.-V., M.P.H., V.J.W.), Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery (V.J.W.), and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (V.J.W.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and Center for Chemical Genomics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (N.S., M.J.L.)
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Chidambaran V, Zhang X, Geisler K, Stubbeman BL, Chen X, Weirauch MT, Meller J, Ji H. Enrichment of Genomic Pathways Based on Differential DNA Methylation Associated With Chronic Postsurgical Pain and Anxiety in Children: A Prospective, Pilot Study. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 20:771-785. [PMID: 30639570 PMCID: PMC6616015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have reported child anxiety sensitivity (Child Anxiety Sensitivity Index [CASI]) predicts chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). Herein, we evaluated DNA methylation profiles to understand the gene-environment interactions underlying CPSP and CASI, to identify shared, enriched, genomic pathways. In 73 prospectively recruited adolescents undergoing spine fusion, preoperative CASI and pain data over 12 months after surgery were collected. DNA from the peripheral blood of evaluable subjects with (n = 16) and without CPSP (n = 40) were analyzed using MethylationEPIC arrays. We identified 637 and 2,445 differentially DNA methylated positions (DMPs) associated with CPSP and CASI, respectively (P ≤ .05). Ingenuity pathway analysis of 39 genes with DMPs for both CPSP and CASI revealed enrichment of several canonical pathways, including GABA receptor (P = .00016 for CPSP; P =.0008 for CASI) and dopamine-DARPP32 feedback in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (P = .004 for CPSP and P =.00003 for CASI) signaling. Gene-gene interaction network enrichment analysis revealed participation of pathways in cell signaling, molecular transport, metabolism, and neurologic diseases (P < 10-8). Bioinformatic approaches to identify histone marks and transcription factor (TF) binding events underlying DMPs, showed their location in active regulatory regions in pain pathway relevant brain cells. Using Enrichr/Pinet enrichment and Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures knockdown signatures, we identified TFs regulating genes with DMPs in association with CPSP and CASI. In conclusion, we identified epigenetically enriched pathways associated with CPSP and anxiety sensitivity in children undergoing surgery. Our findings support GABA hypofunction and the roles of the dopamine-DARPP32 pathway in emotion/reward and pain. This pilot study provides new epigenetic insights into the pathophysiology of CPSP and a basis for future studies in biomarker development and targetable interventions. PERSPECTIVE: Differential DNA methylation in regulatory genomic regions enriching shared neural pathways were associated with CPSP and CASI in adolescents undergoing spine surgery. Our findings support GABA hypofunction and the roles of the dopamine-DARPP32 pathway in emotion/reward contributing to behavioral maintenance of pain 10 to 12 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Chidambaran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Pyrosequencing core for genomic and epigenomic research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kristie Geisler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Bobbie L Stubbeman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jarek Meller
- Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati; Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Anxiety-like behavior and other consequences of early life stress in mice with increased protein kinase A activity. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:22-30. [PMID: 29625227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are associated with abnormalities in fear-learning and bias to threat; early life experiences are influential to the development of an anxiety-like phenotype in adulthood. We recently reported that adult mice (Prkar1a+/-) with haploinsufficiency for the main regulatory subunit of the protein kinase A (PKA) exhibit an anxiety-like phenotype associated with increased PKA activity in the amygdala. PKA is the main effector of cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate signaling, a key pathway involved in the regulation of fear learning. Since anxiety has developmental and genetic components, we sought to examine the interaction of a genetic defect associated with anxiety phenotype and early life experiences. We investigated the effects of neonatal maternal separation or tactile stimulation on measures of behavior typical to adolescence as well as developmental changes in the behavioral phenotype between adolescent and adult wild-type (WT) and Prkar1a+/- mice. Our results showed developmental differences in assays of anxiety and novelty behavior for both genotypes. Adolescent mice showed increased exploratory and novelty seeking behavior compared to adult counterparts. However, early life experiences modulated behavior in adolescent WT differently than in adolescent Prkar1a+/- mice. Adolescent WT mice exposed to early life tactile stimulation showed attenuation of anxiety-like behavior, whereas an increase in exploratory behavior was found in Prkar1a+/- adolescent mice. The finding of behavioral differences that are apparent during adolescence in Prkar1a+/- mice suggests that long-term exposure of the brain to increased PKA activity during critical developmental periods contributes to the anxiety-like phenotype noted in the adult animals with increased PKA activity.
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Shapiro C, Truffaut L, Matharan S, Olivier V. Discriminating between Anxious and Non-Anxious Subjects Using the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:5. [PMID: 28210228 PMCID: PMC5288356 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alertness designates the internal feeling of wakefulness or arousal and is often described to be linked to the level of anxiety. An adequate level of anxiety favoring the alertness needed to deal with a faced specific situation efficiently; too much anxiety can result in failure to process information and respond appropriately. Thus, it would be of interest to verify if different alertness profiles can be observed depending on anxiety level. The Toronto Hospital Alertness Test (THAT) is a test designed to measure alertness. The present survey's aim is to verify if the THAT allows observing different alertness profile between self-described anxious and non-anxious subjects. METHODS Subjects >18 years were selected from online databases in three countries (Canada, USA, and UK). All respondents filled in a Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale questionnaire, and only those self-classified as anxious or non-anxious (HAD-A ≥11 or ≤7, respectively) took part to the survey and were asked to complete the THAT. RESULTS Among 616 respondents retained in the survey, 414 were self-assessed as anxious and 202 as non-anxious. The mean THAT score for anxious and non-anxious subjects was 21.4 and 38.9, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of THAT scores indicated that a threshold score of 30 was required to achieve good sensitivity (86.7%) and specificity (88.6%), with good discriminatory power [an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.938]. As age was determined to be a potential confounder, subjects were age-matched giving a ROC with an AUC of 0.931, with good sensitivity (88.5%) and specificity (89.3%), and the threshold remaining at 30. The internal reliability of THAT in anxious subjects was good (Cronbach alpha = 0.84). LIMITATIONS No independent verification of anxious or non-anxious status or other eligibility criteria was done. CONCLUSION The alertness profiles of self-defined anxious and non-anxious subjects observed on THAT are different. Based on a subject's alertness profile, it is possible to discriminate between self-defined anxious and non-anxious, using THAT, with good specificity and sensitivity at a threshold score of 30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Shapiro
- Sleep and Alertness Clinic, University Health Network , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Lucie Truffaut
- Institut de Recherche Internationale Servier, Suresnes , Paris , France
| | - Sophie Matharan
- Institut de Recherche Internationale Servier, Suresnes , Paris , France
| | - Valérie Olivier
- Institut de Recherche Internationale Servier, Suresnes , Paris , France
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Cheng J, Zhang T, Ji H, Tao K, Guo J, Wei W. Functional characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:232-251. [PMID: 27681874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitously expressed metabolic sensor among various species. Specifically, cellular AMPK is phosphorylated and activated under certain stressful conditions, such as energy deprivation, in turn to activate diversified downstream substrates to modulate the adaptive changes and maintain metabolic homeostasis. Recently, emerging evidences have implicated the potential roles of AMPK signaling in tumor initiation and progression. Nevertheless, a comprehensive description on such topic is still in scarcity, especially in combination of its biochemical features with mouse modeling results to elucidate the physiological role of AMPK signaling in tumorigenesis. Hence, we performed this thorough review by summarizing the tumorigenic role of each component along the AMPK signaling, comprising of both its upstream and downstream effectors. Moreover, their functional interplay with the AMPK heterotrimer and exclusive efficacies in carcinogenesis were chiefly explained among genetically altered mice models. Importantly, the pharmaceutical investigations of AMPK relevant medications have also been highlighted. In summary, in this review, we not only elucidate the potential functions of AMPK signaling pathway in governing tumorigenesis, but also potentiate the future targeted strategy aiming for better treatment of aberrant metabolism-associated diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hongbin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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