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Hryciw DH, Patten RK, Rodgers RJ, Proietto J, Hutchinson DS, McAinch AJ. GPR119 agonists for type 2 diabetes: past failures and future hopes for preclinical and early phase candidates. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:183-190. [PMID: 38372052 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2321271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is metabolic disorder associated with a decrease in insulin activity and/or secretion from the β-cells of the pancreas, leading to elevated circulating glucose. Current management practices for T2D are complex with varying long-term effectiveness. Agonism of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR119 has received a lot of recent interest as a potential T2D therapeutic. AREAS COVERED This article reviews studies focused on GPR119 agonism in animal models of T2D and in patients with T2D. EXPERT OPINION GPR119 agonists in vitro and in vivo can potentially regulate incretin hormone release from the gut, then pancreatic insulin release which regulates blood glucose concentrations. However, the success in controlling glucose homeostasis in rodent models of T2D and obesity, failed to translate to early-stage clinical trials in patients with T2D. However, in more recent studies, acute and chronic dosing with the GPR119 agonist DS-8500a had increased efficacy, although this compound was discontinued for further development. New trials on GPR119 agonists are needed, however it may be that the future of GPR119 agonists lie in the development of combination therapy with other T2D therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanne H Hryciw
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Griffith Institute of Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rhiannon K Patten
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raymond J Rodgers
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joseph Proietto
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Lok KH, Wareham NJ, Nair RS, How CW, Chuah LH. Revisiting the concept of incretin and enteroendocrine L-cells as type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106237. [PMID: 35487405 PMCID: PMC7614293 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The significant growth in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence strikes a common threat to the healthcare and economic systems globally. Despite the availability of several anti-hyperglycaemic agents in the market, none can offer T2DM remission. These agents include the prominent incretin-based therapy such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors that are designed primarily to promote GLP-1R activation. Recent interest in various therapeutically useful gastrointestinal hormones in T2DM and obesity has surged with the realisation that enteroendocrine L-cells modulate the different incretins secretion and glucose homeostasis, reflecting the original incretin definition. Targeting L-cells offers promising opportunities to mimic the benefits of bariatric surgery on glucose homeostasis, bodyweight management, and T2DM remission. Revising the fundamental incretin theory is an essential step for therapeutic development in this area. Therefore, the present review explores enteroendocrine L-cell hormone expression, the associated nutrient-sensing mechanisms, and other physiological characteristics. Subsequently, enteroendocrine L-cell line models and the latest L-cell targeted therapies are reviewed critically in this paper. Bariatric surgery, pharmacotherapy and new paradigm of L-cell targeted pharmaceutical formulation are discussed here, offering both clinician and scientist communities a new common interest to push the scientific boundary in T2DM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Hou Lok
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Rajesh Sreedharan Nair
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Ghislain J, Poitout V. Targeting lipid GPCRs to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus - progress and challenges. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:162-175. [PMID: 33495605 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus that are designed to increase insulin secretion either directly target β-cells or indirectly target gastrointestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs), which release hormones that modulate insulin secretion (for example, incretins). Given that β-cells and EECs both express a large array of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that modulate insulin secretion, considerable research and development efforts have been undertaken to design therapeutic drugs targeting these GPCRs. Among them are GPCRs specific for free fatty acid ligands (lipid GPCRs), including free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1, otherwise known as GPR40), FFA2 (GPR43), FFA3 (GPR41) and FFA4 (GPR120), as well as the lipid metabolite binding glucose-dependent insulinotropic receptor (GPR119). These lipid GPCRs have demonstrated important roles in the control of islet and gut hormone secretion. Advances in lipid GPCR pharmacology have led to the identification of a number of synthetic agonists that exert beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in preclinical studies. Yet, translation of these promising results to the clinic has so far been disappointing. In this Review, we present the physiological roles, pharmacology and clinical studies of these lipid receptors and discuss the challenges associated with their clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Mohamed RS, Abdel-Salam AM. Efficiency of a formulated condiment (duqqa) in mitigation of diabetes and its complications induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide in rats. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2021.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Duqqa is a condiment, consisting of black pepper, cumin, sesame, coriander and high amount of salt. Reducing salt and adding other beneficial items to traditional duqqa can make it suitable dietary supplement for diabetes management. The current study aimed to assess the effect of a modified duqqa on diabetes and its complications in diabetic rats. Methods: The modified duqqa was formulated by mixing grounded fermented wheat, sesame, coriander, cumin, chicory leaves, cinnamon, turmeric and date seeds powder and studied in diabetic rats which were developed by streptozotocin-nicotinamide injection. Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups (n = 8) including non-diabetic, diabetic control and the other two groups fed on balanced diet supplemented with either 10 or 20% of duqqa prior the induction of diabetes (for one week) to the end of the experiment (8 weeks). Results: The dietary supplementation with 10 and 20% of the formulated duqqa prior the induction of diabetes did not delay the onset of diabetes in rats but produced reduction (32.56% and 50.47%, respectively) in the glucose levels of diabetic rats. Also, diabetic rats fed on the formulated duqqa showed insulin concentrations higher than that of diabetic control rats. Feeding diabetic rats on the formulated duqqa reversed the elevation of kidney lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide, limited the disturbance in the lipid profile as well as liver and kidney functions and elevated both serum and femur magnesium concentrations. Conclusion: The results indicated the hypoglycemic effect of the formulated duqqa and its efficiency in delaying diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha S. Mohamed
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Markovics A, Angyal Á, Tóth KF, Ádám D, Pénzes Z, Magi J, Pór Á, Kovács I, Törőcsik D, Zouboulis CC, Bíró T, Oláh A. GPR119 Is a Potent Regulator of Human Sebocyte Biology. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1909-1918.e8. [PMID: 32142797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously that endocannabinoids promote sebaceous lipogenesis, and sebocytes are involved in the metabolism of the endocannabinoid-like substance oleoylethanolamide (OEA). OEA is an endogenous activator of GPR119, a recently deorphanized receptor, which currently is being investigated as a promising antidiabetic drug target. In this study, we investigated the effects of OEA as well as the expression and role of GPR119 in human sebocytes. We found that OEA promoted differentiation of human SZ95 sebocytes (elevated lipogenesis, enhanced granulation, and the induction of early apoptotic events), and it switched the cells to a proinflammatory phenotype (increased expression and release of several proinflammatory cytokines). Moreover, we could also demonstrate that GPR119 was expressed in human sebocytes, and its small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing suppressed OEA-induced sebaceous lipogenesis, which was mediated via c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, protein kinase B, and CRE-binding protein activation. Finally, our pilot data demonstrated that GPR119 was downregulated in the sebaceous glands of patients with acne, arguing that GPR119 signaling may indeed be disturbed in acne. Collectively, our findings introduce the OEA/GPR119 signaling as a positive regulator of sebocyte differentiation and highlight the possibility that dysregulation of this pathway may contribute to the development of seborrhea and acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Markovics
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Angyal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kinga Fanni Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Ádám
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Pénzes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Magi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Pór
- Department of Pathology, Gyula Kenézy University Hospital, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovács
- Department of Pathology, Gyula Kenézy University Hospital, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Tamás Bíró
- DE-MTA Lendület Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Macho-González A, Garcimartín A, López-Oliva ME, Ruiz-Roso B, Martín de la Torre I, Bastida S, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Can Carob-Fruit-Extract-Enriched Meat Improve the Lipoprotein Profile, VLDL-Oxidation, and LDL Receptor Levels Induced by an Atherogenic Diet in STZ-NAD-Diabetic Rats? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020332. [PMID: 30717491 PMCID: PMC6413123 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carob fruit extract (CFE) has shown remarkable in vitro antioxidant properties and reduces postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in healthy animals. Development of functional meat products that contain bioactive components are presented as a great nutritional strategy. Until now, the effect of the consumption of restructured meat enriched with CFE in a murine model of diabetes has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on glycemia, lipemia, lipoprotein profile, Ldlr, arylesterase (AE), and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and liver oxidation in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NAD) growing Wistar diabetic rats fed restructured meat in the frame of a high cholesterol/high saturated-fat diet. In the present study, three groups (D, ED and DE) were fed cholesterol-enriched (1.4% cholesterol and 0.2% cholic acid) and high saturated-fat diets (50% of total energy from fats and 20.4% from saturated fatty acids). Rats were subjected to a STZ-NAD administration at the 3rd week. Group D did not receive CFE, while ED and DE rat groups received CFE before and after the diabetic induction, respectively. After eight weeks, D rats showed hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia, an increased amount cholesterol-enriched VLDL (β-VLDL), IDL and LDL particles and triglyceride-enriched HDL. ED and DE partially blocked the hypercholesterolemic induction with respect to D group (p < 0.001) and improved glycemia, cholesterol levels, lipoprotein profile, Ldlr, plasma AE activity and liver oxidation (p < 0.001). Fecal fat, moisture and excretion were higher while dietary digestibility was lower in ED and DE vs. D counterparts (p < 0.0014). In conclusion, CFE-enriched meat shows, for the first time, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in STZ-NAD animals fed high cholesterol/high saturated-fat diets. Likewise, it manages to reverse possible diabetes lipoprotein alterations if CFE-enriched meat is consumed before pathology development or improves said modifications if Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is already established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Baltasar Ruiz-Roso
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Martín de la Torre
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Bastida
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Tyurenkov IN, Ozerov AA, Kurkin DV, Logvinova EO, Bakulin DA, Volotova EV, Borodin DD. Structure and biological activity of endogenous and synthetic agonists of GPR119. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR119, is a promising pharmacological target for a new class of hypoglycaemic drugs with an original mechanism of action, namely, increase in the glucose-dependent incretin and insulin secretion. In 2005, the first ligands were found and in the subsequent years, a large number of GPR119 agonists were synthesized in laboratories in various countries; the safest and most promising agonists have entered phase I and II clinical trials as agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. The review describes the major endogenous GPR119 agonists and the main trends in the design and modification of synthetic structures for increasing the hypoglycaemic activity. The data on synthetic agonists are arranged according to the type of the central core of the molecules.
The bibliography includes 104 references.
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Tyurenkov IN, Kurkin DV, Bakulin DA, Volotova EV, Morkovin EI, Chafeev MA, Karapetian RN. Chemistry and Hypoglycemic Activity of GPR119 Agonist ZB-16. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:543. [PMID: 30283402 PMCID: PMC6156125 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is to highlight the chemical properties and primary pharmacology of novel GPR119 agonist ZB-16 and its analogs, which were rejected during the screening. Experiments were performed in vitro (specific activity, metabolism and cell toxicity) and in vivo (hypoglycemic activity and pharmacokinetics). ZB-16 exhibits nanomolar activity (EC50 = 7.3-9.7 nM) on target receptor GPR119 in vitro associated with hypoglycemic activity in vivo. In animals with streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (STZ-NA T2D) daily oral dose of ZB-16 (1 mg/kg) or sitagliptin (10 mg/kg) for 28 days resulted in the reduction of blood glucose levels. The effects of ZB-16 were comparable to the hypoglycemic action of sitagliptin. ZB-16 demonstrated relatively low plasma exposition, high distribution volume, mild clearance and a prolonged half-life (more than 12 h). The present study demonstrates that the targeted search for selective GPR119 receptor agonists is a well-founded approach for developing novel drugs for the therapy of T2D. Based on the combination of high in vitro activity (compared to competitor standards), a useful ADME profile, distinct hypoglycemic activity which is comparable to the efficacy of sitagliptin in rats with experimental T2D, and the acceptable pharmacokinetic profile, we recommend the ZB-16 compound for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dmitry A. Bakulin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
- *Correspondence: Dmitry A. Bakulin
| | | | - Evgeny I. Morkovin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
- Volgograd Medical Research Center, Volgograd, Russia
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