1
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Davis KL, Claudio-Etienne E, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA. Atopic Dermatitis and Food Allergy: More Than Sensitization. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00059-X. [PMID: 38906220 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The increased risk of food allergy in infants with atopic dermatitis has long been recognized; an epidemiologic phenomenon termed "the atopic march." Current literature supports the hypothesis that food antigen exposure through the disrupted skin barrier in atopic dermatitis leads to food antigen specific IgE production and food sensitization. However, there is growing evidence that inflammation in the skin drives intestinal remodeling via circulating inflammatory signals, microbiome alterations, metabolites, and the nervous system. We explore how this skin-gut axis helps to explain the link between atopic dermatitis and food allergy beyond sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelin L Davis
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Comparative Biomedical Scientist Training Program, The Molecular Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, The National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Comparative Pathobiology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Estefania Claudio-Etienne
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pamela A Frischmeyer-Guerrerio
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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2
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Ķimse L, Reinis A, Miķelsone-Jansone L, Gintere S, Krūmiņa A. A Narrative Review of Psychobiotics: Probiotics That Influence the Gut-Brain Axis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:601. [PMID: 38674247 PMCID: PMC11051712 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Mental health disorders and dementia have become a serious public health concern, with a heightened frequency of diagnoses observed in the wake of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Psychobiotics, a novel area of research at the intersection of microbiology and neuroscience, explore the potential of probiotics to influence the nervous system and mental health outcomes. This review explores the intricate mechanisms by which psychobiotics interact with the gut-brain axis, shedding light on their effects on mood, cognition, and the stress response. Through a comprehensive analysis of the current literature and recent advancements, we discuss the therapeutic potential of psychobiotics in various mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases like dementia. The findings from this research highlight the promising potential of psychobiotics as innovative interventions in mental health treatment. Further investigation into their mechanisms of action and clinical applications is warranted to fully realize their therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laima Ķimse
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, 1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Aigars Reinis
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, 1007 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Sandra Gintere
- Department of Family Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Angelika Krūmiņa
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, 1076 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Infectology, Riga Stradins University, 1007 Riga, Latvia
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3
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Borrego-Ruiz A, Borrego JJ. Human gut microbiome, diet, and mental disorders. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00518-6. [PMID: 38561477 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Diet is one of the most important external factor shaping the composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health, including immune system development, nutrients metabolism, and the synthesis of bioactive molecules. In addition, the gut microbiome has been described as critical for the development of several mental disorders. Nutritional psychiatry is an emerging field of research that may provide a link between diet, microbial function, and brain health. In this study, we have reviewed the influence of different diet types, such as Western, Mediterranean, vegetarian, and ketogenic, on the gut microbiota composition and function, and their implication in various neuropsychiatric and psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
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4
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Kulkarni BS, Makde RD, Jamdar SN. Characterization of a secreted aminopeptidase of M28 family from B. fragilis and its possible role in protein metabolism in the gut. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130598. [PMID: 38499114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Products of microbial protein metabolism in the gut can influence the health of the host in many ways. Members of the Bacteriodales, major commensals of the human colon have been associated with long-term intake of high-protein diets. Undigested proteins or peptides that reach the colon can be hydrolyzed by extra-cellular proteases found in some Bacteroides species into amino acids and peptides which can be further catabolized. In this communication, we have characterized one such secreted aminopeptidase (BfAP) from Bacteroides fragilis belonging to the M28 family which is capable of degrading peptides released from soybean protein after predigestion in the small intestine. The BfAP enzyme was cloned, expressed in E. coli, and purified to homogeneity. It is a metallopeptidase requiring Co2+ ion for optimum activity at 55 °C and pH 8 and preferentially cleaves neutral aliphatic (Met/Leu) and positively charged (Arg/Lys) amino acids from the N-terminus of peptides. It showed high specificity for long peptides as well as proteins like β-casein. Structural analysis of BfAP and its orthologues using AlphaFold2 reveal a shared highly conserved M28 domain, but vary with respect to their N-terminal region with some of them possessing an additional cap domain which may be important for regulation of substrate binding. Although BfAP lacks the typical cap domain, it shows small extensions that can form a loop adjacent to the proposed active site and may affect substrate binding. We suggest that this secreted enzyme may play an important role in protein metabolism in the colon where Bacteroides species are abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan S Kulkarni
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Life Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Ravindra D Makde
- Beamline Development and Application Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Life Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sahayog N Jamdar
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Life Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
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5
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Feng Y. Exploring clues pointing toward the existence of a brain-gut microbiota-hair follicle axis. Curr Res Transl Med 2024; 72:103408. [PMID: 38246020 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Proposing the concept of a brain-gut-skin axis has led some researchers to recognize the relationship among brain activity, gut microbiota, and the skin. Hair follicles are skin accessory organs, a previously unnoticed target tissue for classical neurohormones, neurotrophins, and neuropeptides. Some studies have shown a relationship between the central nervous system and hair follicles that an imbalance in the gut bacteria can affect hair follicle density. This review summarizes existing evidence from literature and explores clues supporting a connection linking the brain, gut microbiota, and hair follicles. It amalgamates previously proposed partial concepts into a new, unified concept-the "brain-gut microbiota-hair follicle" axis, -which suggests that modulation of the microbiome via probiotics can have positive effects on hair follicles. This review also explores how preclinical research on hair follicles can propel novel and clinically untapped applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
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6
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Nestor L, De Bundel D, Vander Heyden Y, Smolders I, Van Eeckhaut A. Unravelling the brain metabolome: A review of liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry strategies for extracellular brain metabolomics. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464479. [PMID: 37952387 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the brain extracellular metabolome is of interest for numerous subdomains within neuroscience. Not only does it provide information about normal physiological functions, it is even more of interest for biomarker discovery and target discovery in disease. The extracellular analysis of the brain is particularly interesting as it provides information about the release of mediators in the brain extracellular fluid to look at cellular signaling and metabolic pathways through the release, diffusion and re-uptake of neurochemicals. In vivo samples are obtained through microdialysis, cerebral open-flow microperfusion or solid-phase microextraction. The analytes of potential interest are typically low in concentration and can have a wide range of physicochemical properties. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has proven its usefulness in brain metabolomics. It allows sensitive and specific analysis of low sample volumes, obtained through different approaches. Several strategies for the analysis of the extracellular fluid have been proposed. The most widely used approaches apply sample derivatization, specific stationary phases and/or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Miniaturization of these methods allows an even higher sensitivity. The development of chiral metabolomics is indispensable, as it allows to compare the enantiomeric ratio of compounds and provides even more challenges. Some limitations continue to exist for the previously developed methods and the development of new, more sensitive methods remains needed. This review provides an overview of the methods developed for sampling and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the extracellular metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Nestor
- Research group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dimitri De Bundel
- Research group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling (FABI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Research group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Eeckhaut
- Research group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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7
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Hoskinson C, Dai DLY, Del Bel KL, Becker AB, Moraes TJ, Mandhane PJ, Finlay BB, Simons E, Kozyrskyj AL, Azad MB, Subbarao P, Petersen C, Turvey SE. Delayed gut microbiota maturation in the first year of life is a hallmark of pediatric allergic disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4785. [PMID: 37644001 PMCID: PMC10465508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases affect millions of people worldwide. An increase in their prevalence has been associated with alterations in the gut microbiome, i.e., the microorganisms and their genes within the gastrointestinal tract. Maturation of the infant immune system and gut microbiota occur in parallel; thus, the conformation of the microbiome may determine if tolerant immune programming arises within the infant. Here we show, using deeply phenotyped participants in the CHILD birth cohort (n = 1115), that there are early-life influences and microbiome features which are uniformly associated with four distinct allergic diagnoses at 5 years: atopic dermatitis (AD, n = 367), asthma (As, n = 165), food allergy (FA, n = 136), and allergic rhinitis (AR, n = 187). In a subset with shotgun metagenomic and metabolomic profiling (n = 589), we discover that impaired 1-year microbiota maturation may be universal to pediatric allergies (AD p = 0.000014; As p = 0.0073; FA p = 0.00083; and AR p = 0.0021). Extending this, we find a core set of functional and metabolic imbalances characterized by compromised mucous integrity, elevated oxidative activity, decreased secondary fermentation, and elevated trace amines, to be a significant mediator between microbiota maturation at age 1 year and allergic diagnoses at age 5 years (βindirect = -2.28; p = 0.0020). Microbiota maturation thus provides a focal point to identify deviations from normative development to predict and prevent allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Hoskinson
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Darlene L Y Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate L Del Bel
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - B Brett Finlay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charisse Petersen
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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8
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Kim SH, Choi Y, Miguel MA, Lee SJ, Lee SS, Lee SS. Analysis of Fecal Microbial Changes in Young Calves Following Bovine Rotavirus Infection. Vet Sci 2023; 10:496. [PMID: 37624283 PMCID: PMC10459456 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to identify changes in fecal microbiota and predict the functional features of healthy calves and those infected with rotavirus over time. Six Holstein calves (average body weight 43.63 ± 1.19 kg, age-matched within 5-7 d) were randomly selected and distributed into two groups which contained three calves each. Fecal samples were taken 3 days before inoculation and on days 1 and 7 post-inoculation. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed. Bacterial diversity tended to decrease in the rota group, as indicated by the alpha (evenness, p = 0.074 and Shannon, p = 0.055) and beta (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, p = 0.099) diversity at 1 day post-inoculation. Differences in the bacterial taxa between healthy and rota-infected calves were detected using a linear discriminant analysis effect size (LDA > 2.0, p < 0.05). Rota calves had a higher abundance of certain bacterial taxa, such as Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Escherichia-Shigella, and a lower abundance of bacteria that contribute to the production of short-chain fatty acids, such as Alistipes, Faecalibacterium, Pseudoflavonifractor, Subdoligranulum, Alloprevotella, Butyricicoccus, and Ruminococcus, compared to the healthy calves. The observed changes in the fecal microbiota of the rota-infected group compared to the healthy group indicated potential dysbiosis. This was further supported by significant differences in the predicted functional metagenomic profiles of these microbial communities. We suggest that calves infected with bovine rotavirus had bacterial dysbiosis, which was characterized by lower diversity and fewer observed genera than the fecal microbiota of healthy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea;
| | - Youyoung Choi
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - Michelle A. Miguel
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea;
| | - Shin-Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - Sung-Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-S.L.)
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea;
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9
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Alam Tumpa MA, Shohag S, Shakil Khan Shuvo, Ferdous J, Kajol SA, Aljohani ASM, Al Abdulmonem W, Rauf A, Thiruvengadam M. Insights into the promising prospect of medicinal chemistry studies against neurodegenerative disorders. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 373:110375. [PMID: 36739931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal chemistry is an interdisciplinary field that incorporates organic chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry, pharmacology, informatics, molecular biology, structural biology, cell biology, and other disciplines. Additionally, it considers molecular factors such as the mode of action of the drugs, their chemical structure-activity relationship (SAR), and pharmacokinetic aspects like absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity. Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), which are defined by the breakdown of neurons over time, are affecting an increasing number of people. Oxidative stress, particularly the increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), plays a crucial role in the growth of various disorders, as indicated by the identification of protein, lipid, and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) oxidation products in vivo. Because of their inherent nature, most biological molecules are vulnerable to ROS, even if they play a role in metabolic parameters and cell signaling. Due to their high polyunsaturated fatty acid content, low antioxidant barrier, and high oxygen uptake, neurons are particularly vulnerable to oxidation by nature. As a result, excessive ROS generation in neurons looks especially harmful, and the mechanisms associated with biomolecule oxidative destruction are several and complex. This review focuses on the formation and management of ROS, as well as their chemical characteristics (both thermodynamic and kinetic), interactions, and implications in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Afroza Alam Tumpa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Shohag
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakil Khan Shuvo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Saima Akter Kajol
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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10
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Park SY, Kim YD, Kim MS, Kim KT, Kim JY. Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum cassia) water extract improves diarrhea symptoms by changing the gut environment: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2023; 14:1520-1529. [PMID: 36655542 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01835g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the bark of Cinnamomum and contains anti-inflammatory ingredients such as coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, and cinnamic acid. This study evaluated the effect of cinnamon water extract (CWE) on the symptoms of subjects with diarrhea in an 8-week randomized controlled trial. Seventy subjects with diarrhea symptoms were randomized and received three capsules of 400 mg CWE or placebo twice daily for 8 weeks. CWE intake significantly increased colonic transit time (p = 0.019) and fecal isobutyric acid (p = 0.008) and spermidine (p = 0.009) contents compared to placebo intake. In contrast, CWE decreased fecal indole (p = 0.032) and agmatine (p = 0.018) contents. Gut microbiota analysis showed increased alpha diversity and significant changes in strains such as Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 55813 (LDA = 1.38) in the CWE group compared with the placebo group. Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 55813 showed a positive correlation with colon transit time and stool phenol and spermidine contents. CWE improved diarrhea symptoms and changed the composition of stools and the gut microbiota. These results indicate that cinnamon intake relieves diarrhea symptoms through metabolic changes due to changes in intestinal microbial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Dae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Leung ELH, Huang J, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang M, Zhu Y, Meng Z, Yu H, Neher E, Ma L, Yao X. Novel Anticancer Strategy by Targeting the Gut Microbial Neurotransmitter Signaling to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:298-315. [PMID: 36017627 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Microbial neurotransmitters, as potential targets for cancer therapy, are expected to provide a new perspective on the interaction between the gut microbiome and cancer immunotherapy. Recent Advances: Mounting data reveal that most neurotransmitters can be derived from gut microbiota. Furthermore, modulation of neurotransmitter signaling can limit tumor growth and enhance antitumor immunity. Critical Issues: Here, we first present the relationships between microbial neurotransmitters and cancer cells mediated by immune cells. Then, we discuss the microbial neurotransmitters recently associated with cancer immunotherapy. Notably, the review emphasizes that neurotransmitter signaling plays a substantial role in cancer immunotherapy as an emerging cancer treatment target by regulating targeted receptors and interfering with the tumor microenvironment. Future Directions: Future studies are required to uncover the antitumor mechanisms of neurotransmitter signaling to develop novel treatment strategies to overcome cancer immunotherapy resistance. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 298-315.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, China.,Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Jumin Huang
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, China.,Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, China.,Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China.,School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juanhong Zhang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China.,School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haijie Yu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Erwin Neher
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
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Ogbu D, Zhang Y, Claud K, Xia Y, Sun J. Target Metabolites to Slow Down Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121253. [PMID: 36557291 PMCID: PMC9784240 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites affect the neuron system and muscle cell functions. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial neuromuscular disease. Our previous study has demonstrated elevated intestinal inflammation and dysfunction of the microbiome in patients with ALS and an ALS mouse model (human-SOD1G93A transgenic mice). However, the metabolites in ALS progression are unknown. Using an unbiased global metabolomic measurement and targeted measurement, we investigated the longitudinal changes of fecal metabolites in SOD1G93A mice over the course of 13 weeks. We further compared the changes of metabolites and inflammatory response in age-matched wild-type (WT) and SOD1G93A mice treated with the bacterial product butyrate. We found changes in carbohydrate levels, amino acid metabolism, and the formation of gamma-glutamyl amino acids. Shifts in several microbially contributed catabolites of aromatic amino acids agree with butyrate-induced changes in the composition of the gut microbiome. Declines in gamma-glutamyl amino acids in feces may stem from differential expression of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in response to butyrate administration. Due to the signaling nature of amino acid-derived metabolites, these changes indicate changes in inflammation, e.g., histamine, and contribute to differences in systemic levels of neurotransmitters, e.g., γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. Butyrate treatment was able to restore some of the healthy metabolites in ALS mice. Moreover, microglia in the spinal cord were measured by IBA1 staining. Butyrate treatment significantly suppressed the IBA1 level in the SOD1G93A mice. Serum IL-17 and LPS were significantly reduced in the butyrate-treated SOD1G93A mice. We have demonstrated an inter-organ communications link among microbial metabolites, neuroactive metabolites from the gut, and inflammation in ALS progression. The study supports the potential to use metabolites as ALS hallmarks and for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny Ogbu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yongguo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Katerina Claud
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.S.)
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.S.)
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13
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Singh N, Singh V, Rai SN, Mishra V, Vamanu E, Singh MP. Deciphering the gut microbiome in neurodegenerative diseases and metagenomic approaches for characterization of gut microbes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113958. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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14
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Ma Y, Yang X, Hua G, Deng X, Xia T, Li X, Feng D, Deng X. Contribution of gut microbiomes and their metabolomes to the performance of Dorper and Tan sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1047744. [PMID: 36519177 PMCID: PMC9742522 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1047744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Livestock is an excellent source of high nutritional value protein for humans; breeding livestock is focused on improving meat productivity and quality. Dorper sheep is a distinguished breed with an excellent growth performance, while Tan sheep is a Chinese local breed famous for its delicious meat. Several studies have demonstrated that the composition of gut microbiome and metabolome modulate host phenotype. METHODS In the present study, we performed 16S amplicon sequencing and metabolomic analyses of the rumen and hindgut microbiome of 8-month-old Dorper and Tan sheep, raised under identical feeding and management conditions, to explore the potential effects of gut microbiome and its metabolites on growth performance and meat quality. RESULTS Our study identified Lactobacillus, a marker genus in the rumen, to be significantly associated with the levels of fumaric acid, nicotinic acid, and 2-deoxyadenosine (P-value < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that nicotinic acid was significantly negatively correlated with body weight (P-value < 0.01), while 2-deoxyadenosine was significantly positively correlated with fatty acids content (P-value < 0.05). There was a biologically significant negative correlation between Phascolarctobacterium and deoxycytidine levels in the hindgut. Deoxycytidine was significantly positively correlated with body weight, protein, and amino acid content. Differences in rumen fermentation patterns that are distinctive among breeds were identified. Tan sheep mainly used Lactobacillus and fumaric acid-mediated pyruvic acid for energy supply, while Dorper sheep utilize glycogenic amino acids. The difference of iron metabolism in the hindgut of Dorper sheep affects lipid production, while Phascolarctobacterium in Tan sheep is related to roughage tolerance. The accumulation of nucleosides promotes the growth performance of Dorper sheep. CONCLUSION These findings provide insights into how the microbiome-metabolome-dependent mechanisms contribute to growth rate and fat contents in different breeds. This fundamental research is vital to identifying the dominant traits of breeds, improving growth rate and meat quality, and establishing principles for precision feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoying Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhai Li
- Department of Animal Science and College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dengzhen Feng
- Department of Animal Science and College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuemei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Microbiome–Gut Dissociation in the Neonate: Autism-Related Developmental Brain Disease and the Origin of the Placebo Effect. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord4040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the importance of the intestinal microbiome has been realised for a number of years, the significance of the phrase microbiota–gut–brain axis is only just beginning to be fully appreciated. Our recent work has focused on the microbiome as if it were a single entity, modifying the expression of the genetic inheritance of the individual by the generation of interkingdom signalling molecules, semiochemicals, such as dopamine. In our view, the purpose of the microbiome is to convey information about the microbial environment of the mother so as to calibrate the immune system of the new-born, giving it the ability to distinguish harmful pathogens from the harmless antigens of pollen, for example, or to help distinguish self from non-self. In turn, this requires the partition of nutrition between the adult and its microbiome to ensure that both entities remain viable until the process of reproduction. Accordingly, the failure of a degraded microbiome to interact with the developing gut of the neonate leads to failure of this partition in the adult: to low faecal energy excretion, excessive fat storage, and concomitant problems with the immune system. Similarly, a weakened gut–brain axis distorts interoceptive input to the brain, increasing the risk of psychiatric diseases such as autism. These effects account for David Barker’s 1990 suggestion of “the fetal and infant origins of adult disease”, including schizophrenia, and David Strachan’s 1989 observation of childhood immune system diseases, such as hay fever and asthma. The industrialisation of modern life is increasing the intensity and scale of these physical and psychiatric diseases and it seems likely that subclinical heavy metal poisoning of the microbiome contributes to these problems. Finally, the recent observation of Harald Brüssow, that reported intestinal bacterial composition does not adequately reflect the patterns of disease, would be accounted for if microbial eukaryotes were the key determinant of microbiome effectiveness. In this view, the relative success of “probiotic” bacteria is due to their temporary immune system activation of the gut–brain axis, in turn suggesting a potential mechanism for the placebo effect.
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16
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Song Z, Cheng L, Liu Y, Zhan S, Wu Z, Zhang X. Plant-derived bioactive components regulate gut microbiota to prevent depression and depressive-related neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on neurotransmitters. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Gao S, Sun R, Singh R, Yu So S, Chan CTY, Savidge T, Hu M. The role of gut microbial β-glucuronidase in drug disposition and development. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103316. [PMID: 35820618 PMCID: PMC9717552 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbial β-glucuronidase (gmGUS) is involved in the disposition of many endogenous and exogenous compounds. Preclinical studies have shown that inhibiting gmGUS activity affects drug disposition, resulting in reduced toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and enhanced systemic efficacy. Additionally, manipulating gmGUS activity is expected to be effective in preventing/treating local or systemic diseases. Although results from animal studies are promising, challenges remain in developing drugs by targeting gmGUS. Here, we review the role of gmGUS in host health under physiological and pathological conditions, the impact of gmGUS on the disposition of phenolic compounds, models used to study gmGUS activity, and the perspectives and challenges in developing drugs by targeting gmGUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
| | - Rongjin Sun
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Rashim Singh
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Sanarentero LLC, 514 N. Elder Grove Drive, Pearland, TX 77584, USA
| | - Sik Yu So
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Clement T Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 N Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, USA; BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Tor Savidge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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18
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Schulze Holthausen J, Schregel J, Sciascia QL, Li Z, Tuchscherer A, Vahjen W, Metges CC, Zentek J. Effects of Oral Glutamine Supplementation, Birthweight and Age on Colonic Morphology and Microbiome Development in Male Suckling Piglets. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101899. [PMID: 36296176 PMCID: PMC9612066 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality, impaired development and metabolic dysfunctions of suckling low-birthweight piglets may be influenced by modulating the intestinal microbiome through glutamine supplementation. Therefore, this study examined whether glutamine supplementation may affect the colonic development and microbiome composition of male low- and normal-birthweight piglets at 5 and 12 days of age. Suckling piglets were supplemented orally with glutamine or alanine. Colonic digesta samples were obtained for 16S rDNA sequencing, determination of bacterial metabolites and histomorphological tissue analyses. Glutamine-supplemented piglets had lower concentrations of cadaverine and spermidine in the colonic digesta (p < 0.05) and a higher number of CD3+ colonic intraepithelial lymphocytes compared to alanine-supplemented piglets (p < 0.05). Low-birthweight piglets were characterised by a lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, the genera Negativibacillus and Faecalibacterium and a higher abundance of Alistipes (p < 0.05). Concentrations of cadaverine and total biogenic amines (p < 0.05) and CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (p < 0.05) were lower in low- compared with normal-birthweight piglets. In comparison to the factor age, glutamine supplementation and birthweight were associated with minor changes in microbial and histological characteristics of the colon, indicating that ontogenetic factors play a more important role in intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schulze Holthausen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-838-53984
| | - Johannes Schregel
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Quentin L. Sciascia
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Zeyang Li
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genetic and Biometry, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Wilfried Vahjen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia C. Metges
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Feeding Our Microbiota: Stimulation of the Immune/Semiochemical System and the Potential Amelioration of Non-Communicable Diseases. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081197. [PMID: 36013376 PMCID: PMC9410320 DOI: 10.3390/life12081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases are those conditions to which causative infectious agents cannot readily be assigned. It is increasingly likely that at least some of these conditions are due to the breakdown of the previously mutualistic intestinal microbiota under the influence of a polluted, biocide-rich, environment. Following the mid-20th century African studies of Denis Burkitt, the environmental cause of conditions such as obesity has been ascribed to the absence of sufficient fibre in the modern diet, however in itself that is insufficient to explain the parallel rise of problems with both the immune system and of mental health. Conversely, Burkitt himself noted that the Maasai, a cattle herding people, remained healthy even with their relatively low intake of dietary fibre. Interestingly, however, Burkitt also emphasised that levels of non-communicable disease within a population rose as faecal weight decreased significantly, to about one third of the levels found in healthy populations. Accordingly, a more cogent explanation for all the available facts is that the fully functioning, adequately diverse microbiome, communicating through what has been termed the microbiota–gut–brain axis, helps to control the passage of food through the digestive tract to provide itself with the nutrition it needs. The method of communication is via the production of semiochemicals, interkingdom signalling molecules, potentially including dopamine. In turn, the microbiome aids the immune system of both adult and, most importantly, the neonate. In this article we consider the role of probiotics and prebiotics, including fermented foods and dietary fibre, in the stimulation of the immune system and of semiochemical production in the gut lumen. Finally, we reprise our suggestion of an ingestible sensor, calibrated to the detection of such semiochemicals, to assess both the effectiveness of individual microbiomes and methods of amelioration of the associated non-communicable diseases.
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20
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Singh D, Kaur L, Rahman AJ, Singh P, Kumar Tiwari A, Ojha H. Binding and mechanistic studies of 5-HT7 specific benzothiazolone derivatives with Bovine Serum Albumin: Spectroscopic and In silico studies. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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21
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Goya-Jorge E, Gonza I, Bondue P, Douny C, Taminiau B, Daube G, Scippo ML, Delcenserie V. Human Adult Microbiota in a Static Colon Model: AhR Transcriptional Activity at the Crossroads of Host–Microbe Interaction. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131946. [PMID: 35804761 PMCID: PMC9265634 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional symbiotic intestinal microbiota regulates immune defense and the metabolic processing of xenobiotics in the host. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is one of the transcription factors mediating host–microbe interaction. An in vitro static simulation of the human colon was used in this work to analyze the evolution of bacterial populations, the microbial metabolic output, and the potential induction of AhR transcriptional activity in healthy gut ecosystems. Fifteen target taxa were explored by qPCR, and the metabolic content was chromatographically profiled using SPME-GC-MS and UPLC-FLD to quantify short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and biogenic amines, respectively. Over 72 h of fermentation, the microbiota and most produced metabolites remained stable. Fermentation supernatant induced AhR transcription in two of the three reporter gene cell lines (T47D, HepG2, HT29) evaluated. Mammary and intestinal cells were more sensitive to microbiota metabolic production, which showed greater AhR agonism than the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) used as a positive control. Some of the SCFA and biogenic amines identified could crucially contribute to the potent AhR induction of the fermentation products. As a fundamental pathway mediating human intestinal homeostasis and as a sensor for several microbial metabolites, AhR activation might be a useful endpoint to include in studies of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Goya-Jorge
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Av. de Cureghem 10 (B43b), 4000 Liege, Belgium; (E.G.-J.); (I.G.)
| | - Irma Gonza
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Av. de Cureghem 10 (B43b), 4000 Liege, Belgium; (E.G.-J.); (I.G.)
| | - Pauline Bondue
- Research & Development, ORTIS S.A., Hinter der Heck 46, 4750 Elsenborn, Belgium;
| | - Caroline Douny
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Av. de Cureghem 10 (B43b), 4000 Liege, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.-L.S.)
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Av. de Cureghem 180 (B42), 4000 Liege, Belgium; (B.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Georges Daube
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Av. de Cureghem 180 (B42), 4000 Liege, Belgium; (B.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Av. de Cureghem 10 (B43b), 4000 Liege, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.-L.S.)
| | - Véronique Delcenserie
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Av. de Cureghem 10 (B43b), 4000 Liege, Belgium; (E.G.-J.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-4-366-51-24
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22
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Wang H, Zhang H, Su Y. New Insights into the Diurnal Rhythmicity of Gut Microbiota and Its Crosstalk with Host Circadian Rhythm. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131677. [PMID: 35804575 PMCID: PMC9264800 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is a growing consensus that the gut microbiota exhibits diurnal oscillation. The rhythmicity of gut microbiota has fundamental implications for host physiology, metabolism, and health. Further, the gut microbiota rhythmicity can regulate the host’s circadian rhythm. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to highlight the rhythmic phenomenon of the gut microbiota and elucidate its fundamental roles in host physiology, metabolism, and health, and illuminate the possible interactions between the gut microbiota rhythmicity and host circadian rhythm. Insights into these questions facilitate the development of chronotherapy. Abstract Unlike the strictly hierarchical organization in the circadian clock system, the gut microbiota rhythmicity has a more complex multilayer network of all taxonomic levels of microbial taxa and their metabolites. However, it is worth noting that the functionality of the gut microbiota rhythmicity is highly dependent on the host circadian clock and host physiological status. Here, we discussed the diurnal rhythmicity of the gut microbiota; its crucial role in host physiology, health, and metabolism; and the crosstalk between the gut microbial rhythmicity and host circadian rhythm. This knowledge lays the foundation for the development of chronotherapies targeting the gut microbiota. However, the formation mechanism, its beneficial effects on the host of gut microbial rhythmicity, and the dynamic microbial–host crosstalk are not yet clear and warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.W.); (H.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - He Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.W.); (H.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.W.); (H.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence:
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Microbiome–Gut Dissociation in the Neonate: Obesity and Coeliac Disease as Examples of Microbiome Function Deficiency Disorder. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord4030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide a direction for translational research based on an analysis of the nature of complex, immune-related conditions such as obesity and coeliac disease. In essence, it seems that the prevalence of these non-communicable diseases is related to the degradation of the microbiome during the industrialisation of society, and that their nature can be used to infer the functions of the “pre-industrial” microbiome. Based on this analysis, the key point is the necessity for the fully functioning microbiome, acting alongside the parental genetic inheritance of the child, to be in place immediately after birth. In our view, this is achieved by the seemingly accidental process of maternal microbial inheritance during normal birth. Note, however, that this is not possible if the microbiome of the mother is itself degraded following previous problems. Under these conditions the health of a child may be affected from the moment of birth, although, with the exception of atopic diseases, such as eczema and food allergy, the consequences may not become apparent until late childhood or as an adult. In this way, this microbiome function deficiency hypothesis incorporates the epidemiological observations of David Strachan and David Barker in that their onset can be traced to early childhood. Coeliac disease has been chosen as an illustrative example of a multifactorial disorder due to the fact that, in addition to a series of immune system manifestations and a potential problem with food absorption, there is also a significant psychological component. Finally, it is worth noting that an ingestible sensor calibrated to the detection of interkingdom communication molecules (semiochemicals) within the intestine may offer a practical way of assessment and, perhaps, amelioration of at least some of the consequences of non-communicable disease.
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Sánchez-Pérez S, Comas-Basté O, Duelo A, Veciana-Nogués MT, Berlanga M, Latorre-Moratalla ML, Vidal-Carou MC. Intestinal Dysbiosis in Patients with Histamine Intolerance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091774. [PMID: 35565742 PMCID: PMC9102523 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An underlying cause of histamine intolerance is diamine oxidase (DAO) deficiency, which leads to defective homeostasis and a higher systemic absorption of histamine. Impaired DAO activity may have a genetic, pharmacological or pathological origin. A recent proposal also suggests it can arise from an alteration in the gut microbiota, although only one study has explored this hypothesis to date. A greater abundance of histamine-secreting bacteria in the gut could lead to the development of histamine intolerance. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the composition of the intestinal microbiota of patients with histamine intolerance symptoms and compare it with that of healthy individuals. The study was performed by sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA genes (V3-V4 region) and analyzing the data using the EzBioCloud Database. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota was observed in the histamine intolerance group who, in comparison with the healthy individuals, had a significantly lower proportion of Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium and Faecablibacterium prausnitzii, which are bacteria related to gut health. They also had a significantly higher abundance of histamine-secreting bacteria, including the genera Staphylococcus and Proteus, several unidentified genera belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae and the species Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus faecalis. A greater abundance of histaminogenic bacteria would favor the accumulation of high levels of histamine in the gut, its subsequent absorption in plasma and the appearance of adverse effects, even in individuals without DAO deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sònia Sánchez-Pérez
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Campus de l’Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (S.S.-P.); (O.C.-B.); (A.D.); (M.T.V.-N.); (M.L.L.-M.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Comas-Basté
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Campus de l’Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (S.S.-P.); (O.C.-B.); (A.D.); (M.T.V.-N.); (M.L.L.-M.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Duelo
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Campus de l’Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (S.S.-P.); (O.C.-B.); (A.D.); (M.T.V.-N.); (M.L.L.-M.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Veciana-Nogués
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Campus de l’Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (S.S.-P.); (O.C.-B.); (A.D.); (M.T.V.-N.); (M.L.L.-M.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Berlanga
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Mediambient, Secció de Microbiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - M. Luz Latorre-Moratalla
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Campus de l’Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (S.S.-P.); (O.C.-B.); (A.D.); (M.T.V.-N.); (M.L.L.-M.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Vidal-Carou
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Campus de l’Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (S.S.-P.); (O.C.-B.); (A.D.); (M.T.V.-N.); (M.L.L.-M.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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The Enclosed Intestinal Microbiome: Semiochemical Signals from the Precambrian and Their Disruption by Heavy Metal Pollution. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020287. [PMID: 35207574 PMCID: PMC8879143 DOI: 10.3390/life12020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly likely that many non-communicable diseases of humans and associated animals are due to the degradation of their intestinal microbiomes, a situation often referred to as dysbiosis. An analysis of the resultant diseases offers an opportunity to probe the function of these microbial partners of multicellular animals. In our view, it now seems likely that vertebrate animals and their microbiomes have coevolved throughout the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition and beyond, operating by semiochemical messaging between the multicellular host and its microbial community guest. A consideration of the overall role of the mutualistic intestinal microbiome as an enclosed bioreactor throws up a variety of challenging concepts. In particular: the significance of the microbiome with respect to the immune system suggests that microeukaryotes could act as microbial sentinel cells; the ubiquity of bacteriophage viruses implies the rapid turnover of microbial composition by a viral-shunt mechanism; and high microbial diversity is needed to ensure that horizontal gene transfer allows valuable genetic functions to be expressed. We have previously postulated that microbes of sufficient diversity must be transferred from mother to infant by seemingly accidental contamination during the process of natural birth. We termed this maternal microbial inheritance and suggested that it operates alongside parental genetic inheritance to modify gene expression. In this way, the adjustment of the neonate immune system by the microbiome may represent one of the ways in which the genome of a vertebrate animal interacts with its microbial environment. The absence of such critical functions in the neonate may help to explain the observation of persistent immune-system problems in affected adults. Equally, granted that the survival of the guest microbiome depends on the viability of its host, one function of microbiome-generated semiochemicals could be to facilitate the movement of food through the digestive tract, effectively partitioning nutrition between host and guest. In the event of famine, downregulation of microbial growth and therefore of semiochemical production would allow all available food to be consumed by the host. Although it is often thought that non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, are caused by consumption of food containing insufficient dietary fibre, our hypothesis suggests that poor-quality food is not the prime cause but that the tendency for disease follows the degradation of the intestinal microbiome, when fat build-up occurs because the relevant semiochemicals can no longer be produced. It is the purpose of this paper to highlight the possibility that the origins of the microbiome lie in the Precambrian and that the disconnection of body and microbiome gives rise to non-communicable disease through the loss of semiochemical signalling. We further surmise that this disconnect has been largely brought about by heavy metal poisoning, potentially illuminating a facet of the exposome, the sum total of environmental insults that influence the expression of the genetic inheritance of an animal.
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Zhang X, Yoshihara K, Miyata N, Hata T, Altaisaikhan A, Takakura S, Asano Y, Izuno S, Sudo N. Dietary tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine depletion induce reduced food intake and behavioral alterations in mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 244:113653. [PMID: 34800493 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Important precursors of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, dietary tryptophan (TRP), tyrosine, and phenylalanine (all referred to as TTP), play crucial roles in a wide range of behavioral and emotional functions. In the current study, we investigated whether diets devoid of TTP or diets deficient in TRP alone can affect body weight, behavioral characteristics, and gut microbiota, by comparing mice fed on these amino acids-depleted diets to mice fed on diets containing regular levels of amino acids. Both dietary TTP- and TRP-deprived animals showed a reduction in food intake and body weight. In behavioral analyses, the mice fed TTP-deprived diets were more active than mice fed diets containing regular levels of amino acids. The TRP-deprived group exhibited a reduction in serum TRP levels, concomitant with a decrease in serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in some regions of the brain. The TTP-deprived group showed a reduction in TTP levels in the serum, concomitant with decreases in both phenylalanine and tyrosine levels in the hippocampus, as well as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine concentrations in some regions of the brain. Regarding the effects of TRP or TTP deprivation on gut microbial ecology, the relative abundance of genus Roseburia was significantly reduced in the TTP-deprived group than in the dietary restriction control group. Interestingly, TTP was found even in the feces of mice fed TTP- and TRP-deficient diets, suggesting that TTP is produced by microbial or enzymatic digestion of the host-derived proteins. However, microbe generated TTP did not compensate for the systemic TTP deficiency induced by the lack of dietary TTP intake. Collectively, these results indicate that chronic dietary TTP deprivation induces decreased monoamines and their metabolites in a brain region-specific manner. The altered activities of the monoaminergic systems may contribute to increased locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yoshihara
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Hata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Altanzul Altaisaikhan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shu Takakura
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunari Asano
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Izuno
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sudo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Microbiota-Dependent and -Independent Production of l-Dopa in the Gut of Daphnia magna. mSystems 2021; 6:e0089221. [PMID: 34751589 PMCID: PMC8577283 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00892-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-microbiome interactions are essential for the physiological and ecological performance of the host, yet these interactions are challenging to identify. Neurotransmitters are commonly implicated in these interactions, but we know very little about the mechanisms of their involvement, especially in invertebrates. Here, we report a peripheral catecholamine (CA) pathway involving the gut microbiome of the model species Daphnia magna. We demonstrate the following: (i) tyrosine hydroxylase and Dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) decarboxylase enzymes are present in the gut wall; (ii) Dopa decarboxylase gene is expressed in the gut by the host, and its expression follows the molt cycle peaking after ecdysis; (iii) biologically active l-Dopa, but not dopamine, is present in the gut lumen; (iv) gut bacteria produce l-Dopa in a concentration-dependent manner when provided l-tyrosine as a substrate. Impinging on gut bacteria involvement in host physiology and ecologically relevant traits, we suggest l-Dopa as a communication agent in the host-microbiome interactions in daphnids and, possibly, other crustaceans. IMPORTANCE Neurotransmitters are commonly implicated in host-microbiome communication, yet the molecular mechanisms of this communication remain largely elusive. We present novel evidence linking the gut microbiome to host development and growth via neurotransmitter l-Dopa in Daphnia, the established model species in ecology and evolution. We found that both Daphnia and its gut microbiome contribute to the synthesis of the l-Dopa in the gut. We also identified a peripheral pathway in the gut wall, with a molt stage-dependent dopamine synthesis, linking the gut microbiome to the daphnid development and growth. These findings suggest a central role of l-Dopa in the bidirectional communication between the animal host and its gut bacteria and translating into the ecologically important host traits suitable for subsequent testing of causality by experimental studies.
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Aburahma A, Pachhain S, Choudhury SR, Rana S, Phuntumart V, Larsen R, Sprague JE. Potential Contribution of the Intestinal Microbiome to Phenethylamine-Induced Hyperthermia. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2021; 95:256-271. [PMID: 33472193 DOI: 10.1159/000512098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phenethylamines (e.g., methamphetamine) are a common source of drug toxicity. Phenethylamine-induced hyperthermia (PIH) can activate a cascade of events that may result in rhabdomyolysis, coagulopathy, and even death. Here, we review recent evidence that suggests a potential link between the gut-brain axis and PIH. Within the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, phenethylamines lead to changes in catecholamine levels, that activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and increase the peripheral levels of norepinephrine (NE), resulting in: (1) the loss of heat dissipation through α1 adrenergic receptor (α1-AR)-mediated vasoconstriction, (2) heat generation through β-AR activation and subsequent free fatty acid (FFA) activation of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in brown and white adipose tissue, and (3) alteration of the gut microbiome and its link to the gut-brain axis. Recent studies have shown that phenethylamine derivatives can influence the composition of the gut microbiome and thus its metabolic potential. Phenethylamines increase the relative level of Proteuswhich has been linked to enhanced NE turnover. Bidirectional fecal microbial transplants (FMT) between PIH-tolerant and PIH-naïve rats demonstrated that the transplantation of gut microbiome can confer phenotypic hyperthermic and tolerant responses to phenethylamines. These phenethylamine-mediated changes in the gut microbiome were also associated with epigenetic changes in the mediators of thermogenesis. Given the significant role that the microbiome has been shown to play in the maintenance of body temperature, we outline current studies demonstrating the effects of phenethylamines on the gut microbiome and how these microbiome changes may mechanistically contribute to alterations in body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Aburahma
- The Ohio Attorney General's Center for the Future of Forensic Science, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Sudhan Pachhain
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Sayantan Roy Choudhury
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Srishti Rana
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Vipa Phuntumart
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Ray Larsen
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Jon E Sprague
- The Ohio Attorney General's Center for the Future of Forensic Science, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA,
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Chiaranunt P, Tai SL, Ngai L, Mortha A. Beyond Immunity: Underappreciated Functions of Intestinal Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:749708. [PMID: 34650568 PMCID: PMC8506163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract hosts the largest compartment of macrophages in the body, where they serve as mediators of host defense and immunity. Seeded in the complex tissue-environment of the gut, an array of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells forms their immediate neighborhood. Emerging data demonstrate that the functional diversity of intestinal macrophages reaches beyond classical immunity and includes underappreciated non-immune functions. In this review, we discuss recent advances in research on intestinal macrophage heterogeneity, with a particular focus on how non-immune functions of macrophages impact tissue homeostasis and function. We delve into the strategic localization of distinct gut macrophage populations, describe the potential factors that regulate their identity and functional heterogeneity within these locations, and provide open questions that we hope will inspire research dedicated to elucidating a holistic view on macrophage-tissue cell interactions in the body's largest mucosal organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pailin Chiaranunt
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Siu Ling Tai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Ngai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
The reduction of excessive weight remains a major public health challenge, with control currently limited to a calorie reduction strategy. Currently, attempts are being made at revisiting the fibre hypothesis based on the African studies of Denis Burkitt, that the lack of dietary fibre in the modern diet was responsible for the occurrence of obesity and many of the other non-communicable diseases of what he called “Western civilization”. However, the dilemma is that Burkitt himself stressed that other peoples of his day, such as the Maasai, remained healthy without consuming such high fibre diets. Equally, the present obesity epidemic is accompanied by diseases of a malfunctioning immune system and of poor mental health that do not seem to be adequately explained simply by a deficiency of dietary fibre. Though unknown in Burkitt’s day, an increasing degradation of a mutualistic intestinal microbiome would offer a better fit to the observed epidemiology, especially if the microbiome is not effectively passed on from mother to child at birth. Taking the broader view, in this article we posit a view of the microbiome as a cofactor of mammalian evolution, in which a maternal microbial inheritance complements the parental genetic inheritance of the animal, both engaging epigenetic processes. As this would require the microbiome to be fully integrated with the animal as it develops into an adult, so we have a meaningful evolutionary role for the microbiome–gut–brain axis. By a failure to correctly establish a microbiome–gut interface, the inhibition of maternal microbial inheritance sets the scene for the future development of non-communicable disease: compromised immune system function on the one hand and dysfunctional gut–brain communication on the other. The basic principle is that the fully functioning, diverse, microbiome achieves interkingdom communication by the generation of messenger chemicals, semiochemicals. It is envisaged that the in situ detection of these as yet ill-defined chemical entities by means of an ingestible sensor would indicate the severity of disease and provide a guide as to its amelioration.
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31
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Misra N, Clavaud C, Guinot F, Bourokba N, Nouveau S, Mezzache S, Palazzi P, Appenzeller BMR, Tenenhaus A, Leung MHY, Lee PKH, Bastien P, Aguilar L, Cavusoglu N. Multi-omics analysis to decipher the molecular link between chronic exposure to pollution and human skin dysfunction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18302. [PMID: 34526566 PMCID: PMC8443591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution is composed of several factors, namely particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), ozone and Ultra Violet (UV) rays among others and first and the most exposed tissue to these substances is the skin epidermis. It has been established that several skin disorders such as eczema, acne, lentigines and wrinkles are aggravated by exposure to atmospheric pollution. While pollutants can interact with skin surface, contamination of deep skin by ultrafine particles or Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) might be explained by their presence in blood and hair cortex. Molecular mechanisms leading to skin dysfunction due to pollution exposure have been poorly explored in humans. In addition to various host skin components, cutaneous microbiome is another target of these environment aggressors and can actively contribute to visible clinical manifestation such as wrinkles and aging. The present study aimed to investigate the association between pollution exposure, skin microbiota, metabolites and skin clinical signs in women from two cities with different pollution levels. Untargeted metabolomics and targeted proteins were analyzed from D-Squame samples from healthy women (n = 67 per city), aged 25-45 years and living for at least 15 years in the Chinese cities of Baoding (used as a model of polluted area) and Dalian (control area with lower level of pollution). Additional samples by swabs were collected from the cheeks from the same population and microbiome was analysed using bacterial 16S rRNA as well as fungal ITS1 amplicon sequencing and metagenomics analysis. The level of exposure to pollution was assessed individually by the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and their metabolites in hair samples collected from each participant. All the participants of the study were assessed for the skin clinical parameters (acne, wrinkles, pigmented spots etc.). Women from the two cities (polluted and less polluted) showed distinct metabolic profiles and alterations in skin microbiome. Profiling data from 350 identified metabolites, 143 microbes and 39 PAH served to characterize biochemical events that correlate with pollution exposure. Finally, using multiblock data analysis methods, we obtained a potential molecular map consisting of multi-omics signatures that correlated with the presence of skin pigmentation dysfunction in individuals living in a polluted environment. Overall, these signatures point towards macromolecular alterations by pollution that could manifest as clinical sign of early skin pigmentation and/or other imperfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Misra
- Research and Innovation, L'Oréal SA, Aulnay Sous Bois, France.
| | - Cécile Clavaud
- Research and Innovation, L'Oréal SA, Aulnay Sous Bois, France
| | - Florent Guinot
- Research and Innovation, L'Oréal SA, Aulnay Sous Bois, France
| | | | | | - Sakina Mezzache
- Research and Innovation, L'Oréal SA, Aulnay Sous Bois, France
| | - Paul Palazzi
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxemburg
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxemburg
| | - Arthur Tenenhaus
- CentraleSupelec Laboratoire des Signaux et Systemes, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marcus H Y Leung
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick K H Lee
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Luc Aguilar
- Research and Innovation, L'Oréal SA, Aulnay Sous Bois, France
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Izuno S, Yoshihara K, Sudo N. Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathophysiology of Stress-Related Disorders: Evidence from Neuroimaging Studies. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021; 77 Suppl 2:4-10. [PMID: 34280919 DOI: 10.1159/000517420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain and gut communicate bidirectionally via immune, neurological, and endocrine pathways, which is termed the "brain-gut interaction." Recent studies of gut microbiota as a mediator of this interaction have provided a growing body of scientific evidence that suggests that the gut microbiota influences stress and emotional responses and stress-related disorders. SUMMARY Major advances in analytical methods have led to an increased number of studies that combine gut microbiota and neuroimaging, mainly magnetic resonance imaging, to elucidate the mechanisms. Observational studies have been done to examine brain characteristics related to gut microbiota profiles, and intervention studies have examined brain changes related to probiotic intake. Studies of healthy subjects using negative emotional stimuli have shown that the pattern of emotional response differs depending on the gut microbiota profile and that probiotic intervention can modulate emotional response and be a buffer against the negative effects of stress. In studies on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a typical psychosomatic disorder, IBS-specific gut microbiota were reported to contribute to visceral irritability and pain by affecting the subcortical regions. Studies on psychiatric disorders revealed that a relative abundance of Bacteroides that produce γ-aminobutyric acid in feces was associated with a change in brain function specific to depression and that gut microbiota have an influence on abnormalities in the reward system of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Izuno
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yoshihara
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sudo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Caffaratti C, Plazy C, Mery G, Tidjani AR, Fiorini F, Thiroux S, Toussaint B, Hannani D, Le Gouellec A. What We Know So Far about the Metabolite-Mediated Microbiota-Intestinal Immunity Dialogue and How to Hear the Sound of This Crosstalk. Metabolites 2021; 11:406. [PMID: 34205653 PMCID: PMC8234899 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microorganisms, termed the "microbiota", reside in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, and collectively participate in regulating the host phenotype. It is now clear that the gut microbiota, metabolites, and intestinal immune function are correlated, and that alterations of the complex and dynamic host-microbiota interactions can have deep consequences for host health. However, the mechanisms by which the immune system regulates the microbiota and by which the microbiota shapes host immunity are still not fully understood. This article discusses the contribution of metabolites in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and immune cells. The identification of key metabolites having a causal effect on immune responses and of the mechanisms involved can contribute to a deeper insight into host-microorganism relationships. This will allow a better understanding of the correlation between dysbiosis, microbial-based dysmetabolism, and pathogenesis, thus creating opportunities to develop microbiota-based therapeutics to improve human health. In particular, we systematically review the role of soluble and membrane-bound microbial metabolites in modulating host immunity in the gut, and of immune cells-derived metabolites affecting the microbiota, while discussing evidence of the bidirectional impact of this crosstalk. Furthermore, we discuss the potential strategies to hear the sound of such metabolite-mediated crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Caffaratti
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Caroline Plazy
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Geoffroy Mery
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Department of Infectiology-Pneumology, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Abdoul-Razak Tidjani
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Federica Fiorini
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Sarah Thiroux
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Bertrand Toussaint
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Dalil Hannani
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Audrey Le Gouellec
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
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Wang Y, Cao Q, Cao Q, Gan J, Sun N, Yang CG, Bae T, Wu M, Lan L. Histamine activates HinK to promote the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1101-1118. [PMID: 36654344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
During infections, bacteria stimulate host cells to produce and release histamine, which is a key mediator of vital cellular processes in animals. However, the mechanisms underlying the bacterial cell's ability to sense and respond to histamine are poorly understood. Herein, we show that HinK, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, is required to evoke responses to histamine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important human pathogen. HinK directly binds to and activates the promoter of genes involved in histamine uptake and metabolism, iron acquisition, and Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) biosynthesis. The transcriptional regulatory activity of HinK is induced when histamine is present, and it occurs when HinK binds with imidazole-4-acetic acid (ImAA), a histamine metabolite whose production in P. aeruginosa depends on the HinK-activated histamine uptake and utilization operon hinDAC-pa0222. Importantly, the inactivation of HinK inhibits diverse pathogenic phenotypes of P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that histamine acts as an interkingdom signal and provide insights into the mechanism used by pathogenic bacteria to exploit host regulatory signals to promote virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201438, China
| | - Ning Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Cai-Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Taeok Bae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary IN 46408, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks ND 58203-9037, USA
| | - Lefu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Differential Modulation of the Central and Peripheral Monoaminergic Neurochemicals by Deprenyl in Zebrafish Larvae. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060116. [PMID: 34071101 PMCID: PMC8224676 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos and larvae are vertebrate models increasingly used in translational neuroscience research. Behavioral impairment induced by the exposure to neuroactive or neurotoxic compounds is commonly linked to changes in modulatory neurotransmitters in the brain. Although different analytical methods for determining monoaminergic neurochemicals in zebrafish larvae have been developed, these methods have been used only on whole larvae, as the dissection of the brain of hundreds of larvae is not feasible. This raises a key question: Are the changes in the monoaminergic profile of the whole larvae predictive of the changes in the brain? In this study, the levels of ten monoaminergic neurotransmitters were determined in the head, trunk, and the whole body of zebrafish larvae in a control group and in those treated for 24 h with 5 M deprenyl, a prototypic monoamine-oxidase B inhibitor, eight days post-fertilization. In control larvae, most of the monoaminergic neurochemicals were found at higher levels in the head than in the trunk. Significant changes were found in the distribution of some neurochemicals after deprenyl-treatment, with serotonin and norepinephrine increasing in both the head and the trunk, whereas dopamine, L-DOPA, and homovanillic acid levels were only modulated in the head. In fact, the highly significant increase in dopamine levels observed in the head after deprenyl-treatment was not detected in the whole-body analysis. These results indicate that the analysis of neurotransmitters in the zebrafish larvae whole-body should not be used as a general surrogate of the brain.
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Dubinski P, Czarzasta K, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A. The Influence of Gut Microbiota on the Cardiovascular System Under Conditions of Obesity and Chronic Stress. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:31. [PMID: 34014393 PMCID: PMC8137478 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Based on the available data, it can be assumed that microbiota is an integral part of the human body. The most heavily colonized area of the human body is the gut, with bacterial accumulation ranging from 101-103 cells/g in the upper intestine to 1011-1012 cells/g in the colon. However, colonization of the gut is not the same throughout, as it was shown that there are differences between the composition of the microbiota in the intestine lumen and in the proximity of the mucus layer. RECENT FINDINGS Gut microbiota gradient can be differentially regulated by factors such as obesity and chronic stress. In particular, a high fat diet influences the gut microbial composition. It was also found that chronic stress may cause the development of obesity and thus change the organization of the intestinal barrier. Recent research has shown the significant effect of intestinal microflora on cardiovascular function. Enhanced absorption of bacterial fragments, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), promotes the onset of "metabolic endotoxemia," which could activate toll-like receptors, which mediates an inflammatory response and in severe cases could cause cardiovascular diseases. It is presumed that the intestinal microbiota, and especially its metabolites (LPS and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)), may play an important role in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. This review focuses on how gut microbiota can change the morphological and functional activity of the cardiovascular system in the course of obesity and in conditions of chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Dubinski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czarzasta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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Consumption of indigestible saccharides and administration of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum reduce mucosal serotonin in murine colonic mucosa. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:513-525. [PMID: 33849681 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCFA increase serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) synthesis and content in the colon in vitro and ex vivo, but little is known in vivo. We tested whether dietary indigestible saccharides, utilised as a substrate to produce SCFA by gut microbiota, would increase colonic 5-HT content in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a purified diet and water supplemented with 4 % (w/v) 1-kestose (KES) for 2 weeks. Colonic 5-HT content and enterochromaffin (EC) cell numbers were lower in mice supplemented with KES than those without supplementation, while monoamine oxidase A activity and mRNA levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1), chromogranin A (Chga), Slc6a4 and monoamine oxidase A (Maoa) genes in the colonic mucosa, serum 5-HT concentration and total 5-HT content in the colonic contents did not differ between groups. Caecal acetate concentration and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum population were higher in KES-supplemented mice. Similar trends were observed in mice supplemented with other indigestible saccharides, that is, fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin and raffinose. Intragastric administration of live B. pseudolongum (108 colony-forming units/d) for 2 weeks reduced colonic 5-HT content and EC cell numbers. These results suggest that changes in synthesis, reuptake, catabolism and overflow of 5-HT in the colonic mucosa are not involved in the reduction of colonic 5-HT content by dietary indigestible saccharides in mice. We propose that gut microbes including B. pseudolongum could contribute to the reduction of 5-HT content in the colonic mucosa via diminishing EC cells.
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Giatti S, Di Domizio A, Diviccaro S, Falvo E, Caruso D, Contini A, Melcangi RC. Three-Dimensional Proteome-Wide Scale Screening for the 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor Finasteride: Identification of a Novel Off-Target. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4553-4566. [PMID: 33843213 PMCID: PMC8154553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Finasteride, a 5-alpha
reductase (5α-R) inhibitor, is a widely
used drug for treating androgen-dependent conditions. However, its
use is associated with sexual, psychological, and physical complaints,
suggesting that other mechanisms, in addition to 5α-R inhibition,
may be involved. Here, a multidisciplinary approach has been used
to identify potential finasteride off-target proteins. SPILLO-PBSS
software suggests an additional inhibitory activity of finasteride
on phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT),
the limiting enzyme in formation of the stress hormone epinephrine.
The interaction of finasteride with PNMT was supported by docking
and molecular dynamics analysis and by in vitro assay,
confirming the inhibitory nature of the binding. Finally, this inhibition
was also confirmed in an in vivo rat model. Literature
data indicate that PNMT activity perturbation may be correlated with
sexual and psychological side effects. Therefore, results here obtained
suggest that the binding of finasteride to PNMT might have a role
in producing the side effects exerted by finasteride treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giatti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Domizio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.,SPILLOproject, via Stradivari 17, Paderno Dugnano, 20037 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Diviccaro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Eva Falvo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Contini
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Ma SR, Yu JB, Fu J, Pan LB, Yu H, Han P, Zhang ZW, Peng R, Xu H, Wang Y. Determination and Application of Nineteen Monoamines in the Gut Microbiota Targeting Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, and Glutamic Acid Metabolic Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051377. [PMID: 33806510 PMCID: PMC7961820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that monoamine neurotransmitters can be produced by gut microbiota, and that several related metabolites of amino acids in these pathways are associated with nervous system (NVS) diseases. Herein, we focused on three pathways, namely, phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp), and glutamic acid (Glu), and established an underivatized liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of nineteen monoamine neurotransmitters and related metabolites in the gut microbiota. The neurotransmitters and related metabolites included Phe, tyrosine (Tyr), l-dopa (Dopa), dopamine (DA), 3-methoxytyramine, Trp, hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), kynurenine (KN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), melatonin, tryptamine (TA), indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indolyl-3-propionic acid (IPA), Glu, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and acetylcholine (Ach). A fluoro-phenyl bonded column was used for separation, and the mobile phase consisted of methanol:acetonitrile (1:1) and water, with 0.2% formic acid in both phases. The compounds exhibited symmetric peak shapes and sufficient sensitivity under a total analysis time of 8.5 min. The method was fully validated with acceptable linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, extraction recovery, and stability. The results showed that neurotransmitters, such as Dopa, DA, 5-HT, GABA, and Ach, were present in the gut microbiota. The metabolic pathway of Trp was disordered under depression, with lower levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, KN, KYNA, TA, ILA, IAA, IPA, and Glu, and a higher ratio of KYNA/KN. In addition, some first-line NVS drugs, such as sertraline, imipramine, and chlorpromazine, showed regulatory potential on these pathways in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-6316-5238
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Makris AP, Karianaki M, Tsamis KI, Paschou SA. The role of the gut-brain axis in depression: endocrine, neural, and immune pathways. Hormones (Athens) 2021; 20:1-12. [PMID: 32827123 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to summarize the pathways connecting the gut and the brain and to highlight their role in the development of depression as well as their potential use as therapeutic targets. A literature search was conducted in PubMed using relevant keywords and their combinations up to the end of March 2020. Previously seen as a disease pertaining solely to the central nervous system, depression is now perceived as a multifactorial condition that extends beyond neurotransmitter depletion. Central to our understanding of the disease is our current knowledge of the communication between the gut and the brain, which is bidirectional and involves neural, endocrine, and immune pathways. This communication is facilitated via stress-mediated activation of the HPA axis, which stimulates the immune system and causes a decrease in microbial diversity, also known as dysbiosis. This change in the intestinal flora leads, in turn, to bacterial production of various substances which stimulate both the enteric nervous system and the vagal afferents and contribute to additional activation of the HPA axis. Concomitantly, these substances are associated with an increase in intestinal permeability, namely, the leaky gut phenomenon. The bidirectional link between the gut and the brain is of great importance for a more inclusive approach to the management of depression. It can thus be deployed for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against depression, offering promising alternatives to limited efficacy antidepressants, while combination therapy also remains a potential treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Konstantinos I Tsamis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Biogenic Amines' Content in Safe and Quality Food. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010100. [PMID: 33418895 PMCID: PMC7825060 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs) are bioactive compounds distributed in foods of all origins. Apart from their fundamental role in many body functions, great interest is recently being focused on their toxicological potential, and many pieces of research are being carried out to understand their occurrence related to both desired and undesired fermentative phenomena, chemical spoilage, low hygienic conditions, wrong handling, and criticism about technological factors of process and storage conditions. All these causes can contribute to a higher content of them in food, particularly of those hazardous to human health. This editorial has the purpose to collect works looking for new tools to limit the over-production of BAs' in food, see new food sources of them, and mainly to switch on a spotlight between the concept of safe food and BAs' content.
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Qi R, Qiu X, Du L, Wang J, Wang Q, Huang J, Liu Z. Changes of Gut Microbiota and Its Correlation With Short Chain Fatty Acids and Bioamine in Piglets at the Early Growth Stage. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:617259. [PMID: 33469555 PMCID: PMC7813758 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.617259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The change characteristics of intestinal microbial succession and the correlation with the production of two important types of bacterial metabolites (short chain fatty acids and bioamine) in piglets during the early stage were fully explored in this study. Six piglets from different litters with the same birth time were selected, weighted and euthanized at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days of age. During this stage, the piglets grew quickly with gradual increases in blood levels of growth hormone and insulin, and in the intestinal developmental index and immunity. 16s rRNA analysis indicated the alpha diversity of colonic microbiome community was higher than ileum. However, the composition change in the ileal microbiota was more dramatic over time. Lactobacillus genus was the dominant bacteria in piglets' ileum while Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae genera were the dominant bacteria in colon up to weaning. Gut bacterial community of the piglets showed obvious differences between the three different phases: newborn, before weaning, and post weaning. This was similar to the morphological change pattern of pigs' gut. Total SCFA content in the colon of pigs showed almost a 20-fold increase at day 42 compared to the value at day 1. The percentage of acetic acid among the total SCFAs dropped quickly from 74.5% at day 1 to 36.5% at day 42, while butyric acid and propionic acid showed significant increases at the stage. The histamine level increased and putrescine level decreased markedly in the colon with time while the amounts of total bioamines, tyramine and spermidine were devoid of changes. Dozens bacteria taxa showed highly correlations with SCFAs and bioamines. These findings provide an expanded view of the dynamic pig gut and gut microbiome at the important early growth stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renli Qi
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinxiu Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
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Chandramowlishwaran P, Vijay A, Abraham D, Li G, Mwangi SM, Srinivasan S. Role of Sirtuins in Modulating Neurodegeneration of the Enteric Nervous System and Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:614331. [PMID: 33414704 PMCID: PMC7783311 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.614331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration of the central and enteric nervous systems is a common feature of aging and aging-related diseases, and is accelerated in individuals with metabolic dysfunction including obesity and diabetes. The molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in both the CNS and ENS are overlapping. Sirtuins are an important family of histone deacetylases that are important for genome stability, cellular response to stress, and nutrient and hormone sensing. They are activated by calorie restriction (CR) and by the coenzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Sirtuins, specifically the nuclear SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, have been shown to have predominantly neuroprotective roles in the CNS while the cytoplasmic sirtuin, SIRT2 is largely associated with neurodegeneration. A systematic study of sirtuins in the ENS and their effect on enteric neuronal growth and survival has not been conducted. Recent studies, however, also link sirtuins with important hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, melatonin, and serotonin which influence many important processes including satiety, mood, circadian rhythm, and gut homeostasis. In this review, we address emerging roles of sirtuins in modulating the metabolic challenges from aging, obesity, and diabetes that lead to neurodegeneration in the ENS and CNS. We also highlight a novel role for sirtuins along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in modulating neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Chandramowlishwaran
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Anitha Vijay
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Abraham
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ge Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Simon Musyoka Mwangi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
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Del Toro-Barbosa M, Hurtado-Romero A, Garcia-Amezquita LE, García-Cayuela T. Psychobiotics: Mechanisms of Action, Evaluation Methods and Effectiveness in Applications with Food Products. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3896. [PMID: 33352789 PMCID: PMC7767237 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain-microbiota axis consists of a bilateral communication system that enables gut microbes to interact with the brain, and the latter with the gut. Gut bacteria influence behavior, and both depression and anxiety symptoms are directly associated with alterations in the microbiota. Psychobiotics are defined as probiotics that confer mental health benefits to the host when ingested in a particular quantity through interaction with commensal gut bacteria. The action mechanisms by which bacteria exert their psychobiotic potential has not been completely elucidated. However, it has been found that these bacteria provide their benefits mostly through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the immune response and inflammation, and through the production of neurohormones and neurotransmitters. This review aims to explore the different approaches to evaluate the psychobiotic potential of several bacterial strains and fermented products. The reviewed literature suggests that the consumption of psychobiotics could be considered as a viable option to both look after and restore mental health, without undesired secondary effects, and presenting a lower risk of allergies and less dependence compared to psychotropic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomás García-Cayuela
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Avenida General Ramón Corona 2514, 45138 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.D.T.-B.); (A.H.-R.); (L.E.G.-A.)
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45
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Ethridge AD, Bazzi MH, Lukacs NW, Huffnagle GB. Interkingdom Communication and Regulation of Mucosal Immunity by the Microbiome. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:S236-S240. [PMID: 33330908 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication and environmental sensing are most often mediated through ligand-receptor binding and signaling. This is true for both host cells and microbial cells. The ligands can be proteins (cytokines, growth factors, and peptides), modified lipids, nucleic acid derivatives and small molecules generated from metabolic pathways. These latter nonprotein metabolites play a much greater role in the overall function of mucosal immunity than previously recognized, and the list of potential immunomodulatory molecules derived from the microbiome is growing. The most well-studied microbial signals are the nonmetabolite microbe-associated molecular pattern molecules, such as lipopolysaccharide and teichoic acid, that bind to host pattern recognition receptors. Here, we will highlight the immunomodulatory activities of other microbiome-derived molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, uric acid, prostaglandins, histamine, catecholamines, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands, and 12,13-diHOME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malak H Bazzi
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gary B Huffnagle
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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46
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Lagomarsino VN, Kostic AD, Chiu IM. Mechanisms of microbial-neuronal interactions in pain and nociception. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2020; 9:100056. [PMID: 33392418 PMCID: PMC7772816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of how microorganisms communicate with sensory afferent neurons. How pathogenic microorganisms directly communicate with nociceptor neurons to inflict pain on the host. Symbiotic bacterial communication with gut-extrinsic sensory afferent neurons. Plausible roles on how gut symbionts directly mediate pain and nociception.
Nociceptor sensory neurons innervate barrier tissues that are constantly exposed to microbial stimuli. During infection, pathogenic microorganisms can breach barrier surfaces and produce pain by directly activating nociceptors. Microorganisms that live in symbiotic relationships with their hosts, commensals and mutualists, have also been associated with pain, but the molecular mechanisms of how symbionts act on nociceptor neurons to modulate pain remain largely unknown. In this review, we will discuss the known molecular mechanisms of how microbes directly interact with sensory afferent neurons affecting nociception in the gut, skin and lungs. We will touch on how bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens signal to the host to inflict or suppress pain. We will also discuss recent studies examining how gut symbionts affect pain. Specifically, we will discuss how gut symbionts may interact with sensory afferent neurons either directly, through secretion of metabolites or neurotransmitters, or indirectly,through first signaling to epithelial cells or immune cells, to regulate visceral, neuropathic and inflammatory pain. While this area of research is still in its infancy, more mechanistic studies to examine microbial-sensory neuron crosstalk in nociception may allow us to develop new therapies for the treatment of acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina N Lagomarsino
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aleksandar D Kostic
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sampsell K, Hao D, Reimer RA. The Gut Microbiota: A Potential Gateway to Improved Health Outcomes in Breast Cancer Treatment and Survivorship. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9239. [PMID: 33287442 PMCID: PMC7731103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The disease and its treatments exert profound effects on an individual's physical and mental health. There are many factors that impact an individual's risk of developing breast cancer, their response to treatments, and their risk of recurrence. The community of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiota, affects human health through metabolic, neural, and endocrine signaling, and immune activity. It is through these mechanisms that the gut microbiota appears to influence breast cancer risk, response to treatment, and recurrence. A disrupted gut microbiota or state of 'dysbiosis' can contribute to a biological environment associated with higher risk for cancer development as well as contribute to negative treatment side-effects. Many cancer treatments have been shown to shift the gut microbiota toward dysbiosis; however, the microbiota can also be positively manipulated through diet, prebiotic and probiotic supplementation, and exercise. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiota and breast cancer and to highlight potential strategies for modulation of the gut microbiota that could lead to improved clinical outcomes and overall health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Sampsell
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Desirée Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Bioaminergic Responses in an In Vitro System Studying Human Gut Microbiota-Kiwifruit Interactions. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101582. [PMID: 33066564 PMCID: PMC7602194 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole kiwifruit ('Hayward' and 'Zesy002') were examined for their bioaminergic potential after being subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation. Controls included the prebiotic inulin and water, a carbohydrate-free vehicle. The dopamine precursor l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan were increased in the kiwifruit gastrointestinal digesta ('Hayward' > 'Zesy002') in comparison to the water digesta. Fermentation of the digesta with human fecal bacteria for 18 h modulated the concentrations of bioamine metabolites. The most notable were the significant increases in L-DOPA ('Zesy002' > 'Hayward') and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ('Hayward' > 'Zesy002'). Kiwifruit increased Bifidobacterium spp. and Veillonellaceae (correlating with L-DOPA increase), and Lachnospira spp. (correlating with GABA). The digesta and fermenta were incubated with Caco-2 cells for 3 h followed by gene expression analysis. Effects were seen on genes related to serotonin synthesis/re-uptake/conversion to melatonin, gut tight junction, inflammation and circadian rhythm with different digesta and fermenta from the four treatments. These indicate potential effects of the substrates and the microbially generated organic acid and bioamine metabolites on intestinal functions that have physiological relevance. Further studies are required to confirm the potential bioaminergic effects of gut microbiota-kiwifruit interactions.
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Scardaci R, Varese F, Manfredi M, Marengo E, Mazzoli R, Pessione E. Enterococcus faecium NCIMB10415 responds to norepinephrine by altering protein profiles and phenotypic characters. J Proteomics 2020; 231:104003. [PMID: 33038511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The long-term established symbiosis between gut microbiota and humans is based upon a dynamic equilibrium that, if unbalanced, could lead to the development of diseases. Despite the huge amount of data concerning the microbiota-gut-brain-axis, little information is available on what happens at the molecular level in bacteria, when exposed to human signals. In the present study, the physiological effects exerted by norepinephrine (NE), a human hormone present in significant amounts in the host gut, were analyzed using the commensal/probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium NCIMB10415 as a target. The aim was to compare the protein profiles of treated and untreated bacteria and relating these proteome patterns to some phenotypic modifications important for bacteria-host interaction. Actually, to date, only pathogens have been considered. Combining a gel-free/label-free proteomic analysis with the evaluation of bile salts resistance, biofilm formation and autoaggregation ability (as well as with the bacterial growth kinetics), allowed to detect changes induced by NE treatment on all the tested probiotic properties. Furthermore, exposure to the bioactive molecule increased the abundance of proteins related to stress response and to host-microbe interaction, such as moonlight proteins involved in adhesion and immune stimulation. The results of this investigation demonstrated that, not only pathogens, but also commensal gut bacteria are affected by host-derived hormones, underlining the importance of a correct cross-signalling in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. SIGNIFICANCE: The crucial role played by the human gut microbiota in ensuring host homeostasis and health is definitively ascertained as suggested by the holobiome concept. The present research was intended to shed light on the endocrinological perturbations possibly affecting microbiota. The microbial model used in this study belongs to Enterococcus faecium species, whose controversial role as gut commensal and opportunistic pathogen in the gut ecosystem is well recognized. The results obtained in the present investigation clearly demonstrate that E. faecium NCIMB10415 can sense and respond to norepinephrine, a human hormone abundant at the gut level, by changing protein profiles and physiology, inducing changes that could favor survival and colonization of the host tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first proteomic report concerning the impact of a human hormone on a commensal/probiotic bacterium, since previous research has focused on exploring the effects of neuroendocrine molecules on growth and virulence of pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scardaci
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - F Varese
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Manfredi
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - E Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - R Mazzoli
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - E Pessione
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Liu M, Lyte M. Pyruvate is required for catecholamine-stimulated growth of different strains of Campylobacter jejuni. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10011. [PMID: 33062434 PMCID: PMC7528810 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and food-producing animals are constantly exposed to and affected by stress. As a consequence of stress, the release of stress-related catecholamines, such as norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA), from nerve terminals in the gastrointestinal tract potentiates both the growth and the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. This may lead to the enhancement of gastrointestinal infections in humans or food-producing animals. Compared with foodborne bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., less is known about the effect of stress catecholamines on Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni. The present study focuses on the effect(s) of stress catecholamines DA and NE in iron-restricted media and how they affect the growth of different C. jejuni strains NCTC 11168, 81–176, and ML2126. Results demonstrated that DA- and NE-enhanced growth of C. jejuni in iron-restricted media may involve different mechanisms that cannot be explained by current understanding which relies on catecholamine-mediated iron delivery. Specifically, we found that DA-enhanced growth requires pyruvate, whereas NE-enhanced growth does not. We further report significant strain-specific dependence of C. jejuni growth on various catecholamines in the presence or absence of pyruvate. These data provide novel insights into the effect(s) of stress catecholamines on the in vitro growth of C. jejuni in iron-restricted environments, such as the intestinal tract. They suggest a mechanism by which stress-related catecholamines affect the growth of C. jejuni in the intestinal tract of food-producing animals, which in turn may influence colonization and transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meicen Liu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
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