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Li W, Sun M, Chen C. Exploring the correlation between paediatric narcolepsy and serum neurofilament light chain levels: An exploratory study. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2024; 52:82-85. [PMID: 39173568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study seeks to assess serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in paediatric narcolepsy-diagnosed patients. Moreover, it aims to explore the correlation between NfL levels and the severity of narcolepsy symptoms, sleep quality, and manifestations of anxiety and depression. METHODS This retrospective analysis included 98 paediatric narcolepsy cases and 100 controls matched for age and gender. The study focused on comparing serum NfL levels across these groups. Severity of EDS in patients was measured with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Moreover, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 (HAMD-24), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale-14 (HAMA-14) were used to assess narcolepsy symptoms, sleep quality, and psychological conditions. RESULTS Patients with paediatric narcolepsy had significantly higher serum NfL levels than controls (P < 0.05). Additionally, a positive correlation was found between serum NfL levels and ESS scores (P < 0.001). An independent link between serum NfL and paediatric narcolepsy was established via multiple logistic regression (OR = 0.943, 95 % CI = 0.921-0.993, P = 0.004). Moreover, serum NfL's diagnostic precision for paediatric narcolepsy was evident from the ROC curve area of 0.938 (95 % CI: 0.86-0.99, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The study implies a positive correlation between increased serum NfL levels and the severity of paediatric narcolepsy. Nevertheless, the causative link between serum NfL levels and paediatric narcolepsy remains uncertain, highlighting the need for larger sample sizes and well-structured cohort studies to offer more definitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- Department of Neurology, Rongcheng People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Meijun Sun
- Department of Neurology, Rongcheng People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zheng YJ, Zhao A, Jiang X, Gan J. Astrocyte modulation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: A promising therapeutic strategy. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114814. [PMID: 38762094 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) poses significant challenges for drug development due to its complex pathogenesis. Astrocyte involvement in CIRI pathogenesis has led to the development of novel astrocyte-targeting drug strategies. To comprehensively review the current literature, we conducted a thorough analysis from January 2012 to December 2023, identifying 82 drugs aimed at preventing and treating CIRI. These drugs target astrocytes to exert potential benefits in CIRI, and their primary actions include modulation of relevant signaling pathways to inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, reduce cerebral edema, restore blood-brain barrier integrity, suppress excitotoxicity, and regulate autophagy. Notably, active components from traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) such as Salvia miltiorrhiza, Ginkgo, and Ginseng exhibit these important pharmacological properties and show promise in the treatment of CIRI. This review highlights the potential of astrocyte-targeted drugs to ameliorate CIRI and categorizes them based on their mechanisms of action, underscoring their therapeutic potential in targeting astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Jia Zheng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Anliu Zhao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Rebassa JB, Capó T, Lillo J, Raïch I, Reyes-Resina I, Navarro G. Cannabinoid and Orexigenic Systems Interplay as a New Focus of Research in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5378. [PMID: 38791416 PMCID: PMC11121409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a significant health challenge, with an increasing prevalence globally. Recent research has aimed to deepen the understanding of the disease pathophysiology and to find potential therapeutic interventions. In this regard, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have emerged as novel potential therapeutic targets to palliate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Orexin and cannabinoid receptors are GPCRs capable of forming heteromeric complexes with a relevant role in the development of this disease. On the one hand, the hyperactivation of the orexins system has been associated with sleep-wake cycle disruption and Aβ peptide accumulation. On the other hand, cannabinoid receptor overexpression takes place in a neuroinflammatory environment, favoring neuroprotective effects. Considering the high number of interactions between cannabinoid and orexin systems that have been described, regulation of this interplay emerges as a new focus of research. In fact, in microglial primary cultures of APPSw/Ind mice model of AD there is an important increase in CB2R-OX1R complex expression, while OX1R antagonism potentiates the neuroprotective effects of CB2R. Specifically, pretreatment with the OX1R antagonist has been shown to strongly potentiate CB2R signaling in the cAMP pathway. Furthermore, the blockade of OX1R can also abolish the detrimental effects of OX1R overactivation in AD. In this sense, CB2R-OX1R becomes a new potential therapeutic target to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Biel Rebassa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), National Institute of Health Carlos, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.R.); (T.C.); (J.L.); (I.R.)
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Capó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), National Institute of Health Carlos, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.R.); (T.C.); (J.L.); (I.R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), National Institute of Health Carlos, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.R.); (T.C.); (J.L.); (I.R.)
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iu Raïch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), National Institute of Health Carlos, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.R.); (T.C.); (J.L.); (I.R.)
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), National Institute of Health Carlos, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.R.); (T.C.); (J.L.); (I.R.)
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), National Institute of Health Carlos, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.R.); (T.C.); (J.L.); (I.R.)
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Strnadová V, Pačesová A, Charvát V, Šmotková Z, Železná B, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Anorexigenic neuropeptides as anti-obesity and neuroprotective agents: exploring the neuroprotective effects of anorexigenic neuropeptides. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231385. [PMID: 38577975 PMCID: PMC11043025 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Since 1975, the incidence of obesity has increased to epidemic proportions, and the number of patients with obesity has quadrupled. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing other serious diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Recent epidemiologic studies have defined obesity as a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other types of dementia. Despite all these serious comorbidities associated with obesity, there is still a lack of effective antiobesity treatment. Promising candidates for the treatment of obesity are anorexigenic neuropeptides, which are peptides produced by neurons in brain areas implicated in food intake regulation, such as the hypothalamus or the brainstem. These peptides efficiently reduce food intake and body weight. Moreover, because of the proven interconnection between obesity and the risk of developing AD, the potential neuroprotective effects of these two agents in animal models of neurodegeneration have been examined. The objective of this review was to explore anorexigenic neuropeptides produced and acting within the brain, emphasizing their potential not only for the treatment of obesity but also for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Strnadová
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Pačesová
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vilém Charvát
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Šmotková
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Cavalu S, Saber S, Hamad RS, Abdel-Reheim MA, Elmorsy EA, Youssef ME. Orexins in apoptosis: a dual regulatory role. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1336145. [PMID: 38699177 PMCID: PMC11064656 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1336145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The orexins, also referred to as hypocretins, are neuropeptides that originate from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) region of the brain. They are composed of two small peptides, orexin-A, and orexin-B, which are broadly distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Orexins are recognized to regulate diverse functions, involving energy homeostasis, the sleep-wake cycle, stress responses, and reward-seeking behaviors. Additionally, it is suggested that orexin-A deficiency is linked to sleepiness and narcolepsy. The orexins bind to their respective receptors, the orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R), and activate different signaling pathways, which results in the mediation of various physiological functions. Orexin receptors are widely expressed in different parts of the body, including the skin, muscles, lungs, and bone marrow. The expression levels of orexins and their receptors play a crucial role in apoptosis, which makes them a potential target for clinical treatment of various disorders. This article delves into the significance of orexins and orexin receptors in the process of apoptosis, highlighting their expression levels and their potential contributions to different diseases. The article offers an overview of the existing understanding of the orexin/receptor system and how it influences the regulation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Rabab S. Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Elmorsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
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6
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Gratio V, Dayot S, Benadda S, Nicole P, Saveanu L, Voisin T, Couvineau A. Imaging flow cytometry of tumoroids: A new method for studying GPCR expression. Cytometry A 2024; 105:276-287. [PMID: 38017661 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence confocal microscopy is commonly used to analyze the regulation membrane proteins expression such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). With this approach, the internal movement of GPCRs within the cell can be observed with a high degree of resolution. However, these microscopy techniques led to complex and time-consuming analysis and did not allow a large population of events to be sampled. A recent approach termed imaging flow cytometry (IFC), which combines flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, had two main advantages to study the regulation of GPCRs expression such as orexins receptors (OXRs): the ability (1) to analyze large numbers of cells and; (2) to visualize cell integrity and fluorescent markers localization. Here, we compare these two technologies using the orexin A (OxA) ligand coupled to rhodamine (OxA-rho) to investigate anti-tumoral OX1R expression in human digestive cancers. IFC has been adapted for cancer epithelial adherent cells and also to 3D cell culture tumoroids which partially mimic tumoral structures. In the absence of specific antibody, expression of OX1R is examined in the presence of OxA-rho. 2D-culture of colon cancer cells HT-29 exhibits a maximum level of OX1R internalization induced by OxA with 19% ± 3% colocalizing to early endosomes. In 3D-culture of HT-29 cells, internalization of OX1R/OxA-rho reached its maximum at 60 min, with 30.7% ± 6.4% of OX1R colocalizing with early endosomes. This is the first application of IFC to the analysis of the expression of a native GPCR, OX1R, in both 2D and 3D cultures of adherent cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gratio
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases (INDiD)", DHU UNITY, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Flow Cytometry Platform (CytoCRI), DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - S Dayot
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases (INDiD)", DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - S Benadda
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Photonic Imaging Platform (IMA'CRI), DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - P Nicole
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases (INDiD)", DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - L Saveanu
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team "Antigen Presentation by Dendritic Cells to T cells (APreT)", DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - T Voisin
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases (INDiD)", DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - A Couvineau
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases (INDiD)", DHU UNITY, Paris, France
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7
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Mi N, Li Z, Zhang X, Gao Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Wang S. Identification of potential immunotherapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in Graves' disease using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27175. [PMID: 38468967 PMCID: PMC10926144 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism resulting from autoantibody-induced stimulation of the thyroid gland. Despite recent advancements in understanding GD's pathogenesis, the molecular processes driving disease progression and treatment response remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify crucial immunogenic factors associated with GD prognosis and immunotherapeutic response. To achieve this, we implemented a comprehensive screening strategy that combined computational immunogenicity-potential scoring with multi-parametric cluster analysis to assess the immunomodulatory genes in GD-related subtypes involving stromal and immune cells. Utilizing weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified co-expressed gene modules linked to cellular senescence and immune infiltration in CD4+ and CD8+ GD samples. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis enabled the identification of hallmark pathways distinguishing high- and low-immune subtypes. Our WGCNA analysis revealed 21 gene co-expression modules comprising 1,541 genes associated with immune infiltration components in various stages of GD, including T cells, M1 and M2 macrophages, NK cells, and Tregs. These genes primarily participated in T cell proliferation through purinergic signaling pathways, particularly neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, and DNA binding transcription factor activity. Three genes, namely PRSS1, HCRTR1, and P2RY4, exhibited robustness in GD patients across multiple stages and were involved in immune cell infiltration during the late stage of GD (p < 0.05). Importantly, HCRTR1 and P2RY4 emerged as potential prognostic signatures for predicting overall survival in high-immunocore GD patients (p < 0.05). Overall, our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms driving GD progression and highlights potential key immunogens for further investigation. These findings underscore the significance of immune infiltration-related cellular senescence in GD therapy and present promising targets for the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianrong Mi
- Department of General Practice, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Health Management Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, China
| | - Xueling Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, China
| | - Yingjing Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, China
| | - Siyan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, China
| | - Shaolian Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, China
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Ouaidat S, Amaral IM, Monteiro DG, Harati H, Hofer A, El Rawas R. Orexins/Hypocretins: Gatekeepers of Social Interaction and Motivation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2609. [PMID: 38473854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of the brain's orexin/hypocretin system, most research was directed toward unveiling its contribution to the normal functioning of individuals. The investigation of reward-seeking behaviors then gained a lot of attention once the distribution of orexinergic neurons was revealed. Here, we discuss findings on the involvement of orexins in social interaction, a natural reward type. While some studies have succeeded in defining the relationship between orexin and social interaction, the controversy regarding its nature (direct or inverse relation) raises questions about what aspects have been overlooked until now. Upon examining the literature, we identified a research gap concerning conditions influencing the impact of orexins on social behavior expression. In this review, we introduce a number of factors (e.g., stress, orexin's source) that must be considered while studying the role of orexins in social interaction. Furthermore, we refer to published research to investigate the stage at which orexins affect social interaction and we highlight the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell's role in social interaction and other rewarding behaviors. Finally, the underlying orexin molecular pathway influencing social motivation in particular illnesses is proposed. We conclude that orexin's impact on social interaction is multifactorial and depends on specific conditions available at a time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ouaidat
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 1533, Lebanon
| | - Inês M Amaral
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Diogo G Monteiro
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hayat Harati
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 1533, Lebanon
| | - Alex Hofer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rana El Rawas
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Kang J, Ren B, Huang L, Dong X, Xiong Q, Feng Z. Orexin-A alleviates ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in traumatic brain injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3404-3419. [PMID: 38349868 PMCID: PMC10929813 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has high disability and mortality rate. Oxidative stress and ferroptosis are important pathophysiological characteristics after TBI. Orexin-A (OXA) can alleviate neuronal damage in diverse neurological disorders. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of OXA in TBI stay unknown. OBJECTIVES The research investigated protection influence of OXA on TBI and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly grouped into: sham, TBI, TBI + normal saline (NS) and TBI+OXA groups. TBI model was constructed in rat via modified Feeney's approach, and OXA treatment was administered following construction of TBI model. RESULTS Relative to TBI+NS group, TBI+OXA group displayed greatly recovered tissue damage and neurological deficits. Additionally, OXA eased oxidative stress as well as ferroptosis in cerebral cortex of rats following TBI. Furthermore, OXA increased Nrf2 expression and regulating factors HO-1 and NQO1 in cerebral cortex of TBI rats. CONCLUSIONS Our research found OXA may restrain ferroptosis via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway activation, thereby reducing brain injury after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Bingkai Ren
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Lianghua Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
- First Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiaoyang Dong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
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10
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Sandikci SC, Gultuna S, Ozisler C, Aydin FN. The role of orexin in fatigue and sleep quality in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Z Rheumatol 2024; 83:242-247. [PMID: 38108866 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-023-01462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders and fatigue are prevalent symptoms affecting primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients. This study aimed to assess the sleep quality of pSS patients as well as its relationship to fatigue and orexin level. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study evaluating fatigue in pSS using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) and EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient-Reported Index (ESSPRI) were calculated. RESULTS Forty-one patients met the sample criteria and were involved in the final report. They were all females, with a mean (± SD) age and median disease duration of 40.87 ± 10.84 and 36 (6-180) months, respectively. The mean ESSDAI was 0.92 ± 1.3, while the mean ESSPRI was 5.8 ± 2.13. Based on the FSS, 32 (78.04%) patients had a positive test with a mean score of 5.07 ± 1.54. The total PSQI score showed that 60.97% had poor sleep, and the orexin level was lower in patients with pSS than in healthy controls. There was no correlation between orexin level and the presence of fatigue nor the PSQI score. CONCLUSION In conclusion, serum orexin levels were lower in patients with pSS than healthy controls, It could be related to impairments in sleep and fatigue in patients with pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Can Sandikci
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, 06170, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Selcan Gultuna
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cem Ozisler
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, 06170, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Nuri Aydin
- Department of Biochemistry, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Costagliola A, Lombardi R, Liguori G, Morrione A, Giordano A. Orexins and Prostate Cancer: State of the Art and Potential Experimental and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2023; 20:637-645. [PMID: 38035703 PMCID: PMC10687730 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in humans. Peptides have recently been used as targeted therapeutics in cancers, due to their extensive multi-functional applications. Two hypothalamic peptides, orexins A (OXA) and B (OXB) and their specific receptors, orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R), orchestrate several biological processes in the central nervous system and peripheral organs. However, in addition to their role in physiological responses, orexins are involved in numerous inflammatory and/or neoplastic pathologies. The presence and expression of orexins in different cancer models, including prostate cancer, and their role in inducing pro- or anti-apoptotic responses in tumor cell lines, suggest that the orexinergic system might have potential therapeutic action or function as a diagnostic marker in PCa. In addition to the traditional animal models for studying human PCa, the canine model might also serve as an additional tool, due to its clinical similarities with human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Costagliola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Lombardi
- Local Health Authority, ASL, Foggia, Italy
- Unit of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceuticals, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liguori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy;
- Local Health Authority, ASL, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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12
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La Rosa G, Sozio C, Pipicelli L, Raia M, Palmiero A, Santillo M, Damiano S. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Differentiative Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on M03-13 Human Oligodendrocyte-like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16731. [PMID: 38069054 PMCID: PMC10706857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenol found mainly in coffee and tea, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects at the gastrointestinal level. However, although CGA is known to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), its effects on the CNS are still unknown. Oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin-forming cells in the CNS, are the main target in demyelinating neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic roles of CGA in M03-13, an immortalized human OL cell line. We found that CGA reduces intracellular superoxide ions, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NADPH oxidases (NOXs) /dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) protein levels. The stimulation of M03-13 cells with TNFα activates the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-kB) pathway, leading to an increase in superoxide ion, NOXs/DUOX2 and phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase (pERK) levels. In addition, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) stimulation induces caspase 8 activation and the cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). All these TNFα-induced effects are reversed by CGA. Furthermore, CGA induces a blockade of proliferation, driving cells to differentiation, resulting in increased mRNA levels of myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP), which are major markers of mature OLs. Overall, these data suggest that dietary supplementation with this polyphenol could play an important beneficial role in autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.R.); (C.S.); (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Concetta Sozio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.R.); (C.S.); (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Luca Pipicelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.R.); (C.S.); (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Maddalena Raia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Anna Palmiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.R.); (C.S.); (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.R.); (C.S.); (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Simona Damiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.R.); (C.S.); (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.D.)
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13
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Bonifazi A, Del Bello F, Giorgioni G, Piergentili A, Saab E, Botticelli L, Cifani C, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Quaglia W. Targeting orexin receptors: Recent advances in the development of subtype selective or dual ligands for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1607-1667. [PMID: 37036052 DOI: 10.1002/med.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Orexin-A and orexin-B, also named hypocretin-1 and hypocretin-2, are two hypothalamic neuropeptides highly conserved across mammalian species. Their effects are mediated by two distinct G protein-coupled receptors, namely orexin receptor type 1 (OX1-R) and type 2 (OX2-R), which share 64% amino acid identity. Given the wide expression of OX-Rs in different central nervous system and peripheral areas and the several pathophysiological functions in which they are involved, including sleep-wake cycle regulation (mainly mediated by OX2-R), emotion, panic-like behaviors, anxiety/stress, food intake, and energy homeostasis (mainly mediated by OX1-R), both subtypes represent targets of interest for many structure-activity relationship (SAR) campaigns carried out by pharmaceutical companies and academies. However, before 2017 the research was predominantly directed towards dual-orexin ligands, and limited chemotypes were investigated. Analytical characterizations, including resolved structures for both OX1-R and OX2-R in complex with agonists and antagonists, have improved the understanding of the molecular basis of receptor recognition and are assets for medicinal chemists in the design of subtype-selective ligands. This review is focused on the medicinal chemistry aspects of small molecules acting as dual or subtype selective OX1-R/OX2-R agonists and antagonists belonging to different chemotypes and developed in the last years, including radiolabeled OX-R ligands for molecular imaging. Moreover, the pharmacological effects of the most studied ligands in different neuropsychiatric diseases, such as sleep, mood, substance use, and eating disorders, as well as pain, have been discussed. Poly-pharmacology applications and multitarget ligands have also been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gianfabio Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Elizabeth Saab
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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14
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Mogavero MP, Godos J, Grosso G, Caraci F, Ferri R. Rethinking the Role of Orexin in the Regulation of REM Sleep and Appetite. Nutrients 2023; 15:3679. [PMID: 37686711 PMCID: PMC10489991 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Orexin plays a significant role in the modulation of REM sleep, as well as in the regulation of appetite and feeding. This review explores, first, the current evidence on the role of orexin in the modulation of sleep and wakefulness and highlights that orexin should be considered essentially as a neurotransmitter inhibiting REM sleep and, to a much lesser extent, a wake promoting agent. Subsequently, the relationship between orexin, REM sleep, and appetite regulation is examined in detail, shedding light on their interconnected nature in both physiological conditions and diseases (such as narcolepsy, sleep-related eating disorder, idiopathic hypersomnia, and night eating syndrome). Understanding the intricate relationship between orexin, REM sleep, and appetite regulation is vital for unraveling the complex mechanisms underlying sleep-wake patterns and metabolic control. Further research in this field is encouraged in order to pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to sleep disorders and metabolic conditions associated with orexin dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Mogavero
- Department of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Sleep Disorders Center, 20127 Milan, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (J.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (J.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy;
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Sleep Research Centre, Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
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15
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Nimgampalle M, Chakravarthy H, Sharma S, Shree S, Bhat AR, Pradeepkiran JA, Devanathan V. Neurotransmitter systems in the etiology of major neurological disorders: Emerging insights and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101994. [PMID: 37385351 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters serve as chemical messengers playing a crucial role in information processing throughout the nervous system, and are essential for healthy physiological and behavioural functions in the body. Neurotransmitter systems are classified as cholinergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, histaminergic, or aminergic systems, depending on the type of neurotransmitter secreted by the neuron, allowing effector organs to carry out specific functions by sending nerve impulses. Dysregulation of a neurotransmitter system is typically linked to a specific neurological disorder. However, more recent research points to a distinct pathogenic role for each neurotransmitter system in more than one neurological disorder of the central nervous system. In this context, the review provides recently updated information on each neurotransmitter system, including the pathways involved in their biochemical synthesis and regulation, their physiological functions, pathogenic roles in diseases, current diagnostics, new therapeutic targets, and the currently used drugs for associated neurological disorders. Finally, a brief overview of the recent developments in neurotransmitter-based therapeutics for selected neurological disorders is offered, followed by future perspectives in that area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjuna Nimgampalle
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER T), Transit campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Harshini Chakravarthy
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER T), Transit campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Sapana Sharma
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER T), Transit campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shruti Shree
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER T), Transit campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anoop Ramachandra Bhat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER T), Transit campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Vasudharani Devanathan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER T), Transit campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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16
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Cao XL, Peng XM, Li GB, Ding WS, Wang KZ, Wang XL, Xiong YY, Xiong WJ, Li F, Song M. Chaihu-Longgu-Muli decoction improves sleep disorders by restoring orexin-A function in CKD mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1206353. [PMID: 37441503 PMCID: PMC10333748 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1206353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chaihu-Longgu-Muli decoction (CLMD) is a well-used ancient formula originally recorded in the "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" written by the founding theorist of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Doctor Zhang Zhongjing. While it has been used extensively as a therapeutic treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as insomnia, anxiety and dementia, its mechanisms remain unclear. Methods In order to analyze the therapeutic mechanism of CLMD in chronic renal failure and insomnia, An adenine diet-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) model was established in mice, Furthermore, we analyzed the impact of CLMD on sleep behavior and cognitive function in CKD mice, as well as the production of insomnia related regulatory proteins and inflammatory factors. Results CLMD significantly improved circadian rhythm and sleep disturbance in CKD mice. The insomnia related regulatory proteins, Orexin, Orexin R1, and Orexin R2 in the hypothalamus of CKD mice decreased significantly, while Orexin and its receptors increased remarkably after CLMD intervention. Following administration of CLMD, reduced neuron loss and improved learning as well as memory ability were observed in CKD mice. And CLMD intervention effectively improved the chronic inflflammatory state of CKD mice. Discussion Our results showed that CLMD could improve sleep and cognitive levels in CKD mice. The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of Orexin-A and increased phosphorylation level of CaMKK2/AMPK, which further inhibits NF-κB downstream signaling pathways, thereby improving the disordered inflammatory state in the central and peripheral system. However, More research is required to confirm the clinical significance of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-li Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-mei Peng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Gong-bo Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-sen Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai-zhen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-lei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-ying Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-jian Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Blais A, Lan A, Blachier F, Benamouzig R, Jouet P, Couvineau A. Efficiency of Orexin-A for Inflammatory Flare and Mucosal Healing in Experimental Colitis: Comparison with the Anti-TNF Alpha Infliximab. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119554. [PMID: 37298505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa characterized by relapsing-remitting cycle periods of variable duration. Infliximab (IFX) was the first monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). High variability between treated patients and loss of IFX efficiency over time support the further development of drug therapy. An innovative approach has been suggested based on the presence of orexin receptor (OX1R) in the inflamed human epithelium of UC patients. In that context, the aim of this study was to compare, in a mouse model of chemically induced colitis, the efficacy of IFX compared to the hypothalamic peptide orexin-A (OxA). C57BL/6 mice received 3.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days. Since the inflammatory flare was maximal at day 7, IFX or OxA was administered based on a curative perspective at that time for 4 days using intraperitoneal injection. Treatment with OxA promoted mucosal healing and decreased colonic myeloperoxidase activity, circulating concentrations of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and decreased expression of genes encoding cytokines in colonic tissues with better efficacy than IFX allowing for more rapid re-epithelization. This study demonstrates the comparable anti-inflammatory properties of OxA and IFX and shows that OxA is efficient in promoting mucosal healing, suggesting that OxA treatment is a promising new biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Blais
- UMR-PNCA, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Annaïg Lan
- UMR-PNCA, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - François Blachier
- UMR-PNCA, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Robert Benamouzig
- UMR-PNCA, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Pauline Jouet
- Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Alain Couvineau
- INSERM UMR 1149/Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Faculté de Médecine X. Bichat, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
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18
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Ball HL, Said H, Chapman K, Fu R, Xiong Y, Burk JA, Rosenbaum D, Veneziano R, Cotten ML. Orexin A, an amphipathic α-helical neuropeptide involved in pleiotropic functions in the nervous and immune systems: Synthetic approach and biophysical studies of the membrane-bound state. Biophys Chem 2023; 297:107007. [PMID: 37037119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
This research reports on the membrane interactions of orexin A (OXA), an α-helical and amphipathic neuropeptide that contains 33 residues and two disulfide bonds in the N-terminal region. OXA, which activates the orexins 1 and 2 receptors in neural and immune cell membranes, has essential pleiotropic physiological effects, including at the levels of arousal, sleep/wakefulness, energy balance, neuroprotection, lipid signaling, the inflammatory response, and pain. As a result, the orexin system has become a prominent target to treat diseases such as sleep disorders, drug addiction, and inflammation. While the high-resolution structure of OXA has been investigated in water and bound to micelles, there is a lack of information about its conformation bound to phospholipid membranes and its receptors. NMR is a powerful method to investigate peptide structures in a membrane environment. To facilitate the NMR structural studies of OXA exposed to membranes, we present a novel synthetic scheme, leading to the production of isotopically-labeled material at high purity. A receptor activation assay shows that the 15N-labeled peptide is biologically active. Biophysical studies are performed using surface plasmon resonance, circular dichroism, and NMR to investigate the interactions of OXA with phospholipid bilayers. The results demonstrate a strong interaction between the peptide and phospholipids, an increase in α-helical content upon membrane binding, and an in-plane orientation of the C-terminal region critical to function. This new knowledge about structure-activity relationships in OXA could inspire the design of novel therapeutics that leverage the anti-inflammatory and neuro-protective functions of OXA, and therefore could help address neuroinflammation, a major issue associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydn L Ball
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hooda Said
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Karen Chapman
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Riqiang Fu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Yawei Xiong
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
| | - Joshua A Burk
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
| | - Daniel Rosenbaum
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Remi Veneziano
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Myriam L Cotten
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.
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19
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Knez R, Niksic M, Omerovic E. Orexin/hypocretin system dysfunction in patients with Takotsubo syndrome: A novel pathophysiological explanation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1016369. [PMID: 36407467 PMCID: PMC9670121 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1016369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute heart failure syndrome. Emotional or physical stressors are believed to precipitate TTS, while the pathophysiological mechanism is not yet completely understood. During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, an increased incidence of TTS has been reported in some countries; however, the precise pathophysiological mechanism for developing TTS with acute COVID-19 infection is unknown. Nevertheless, observing the symptoms of COVID-19 might lead to new perspectives in understanding TTS pathophysiology, as some of the symptoms of the COVID-19 infection could be assessed in the context of an orexin/hypocretin-system dysfunction. Orexin/hypocretin is a cardiorespiratory neuromodulator that acts on two orexin receptors widely distributed in the brain and peripheral tissues. In COVID-19 patients, autoantibodies against one of these orexin receptors have been reported. Orexin-system dysfunction affects a variety of systems in an organism. Here, we review the influence of orexin-system dysfunction on the cardiovascular system to propose its connection with TTS. We propose that orexin-system dysfunction is a potential novel explanation for the pathophysiology of TTS due to direct or indirect dynamics of orexin signaling, which could influence cardiac contractility. This is in line with the conceptualization of TTS as a cardiovascular syndrome rather than merely a cardiac abnormality or cardiomyopathy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first publication to present a plausible connection between TTS and orexin-system dysfunction. We hope that this novel hypothesis will inspire comprehensive studies regarding orexin's role in TTS pathophysiology. Furthermore, confirmation of this plausible pathophysiological mechanism could contribute to the development of orexin-based therapeutics in the treatment and prevention of TTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajna Knez
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research and Development, Department of Women's and Child Health, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
- Institution for Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Milan Niksic
- Department of Cardiology, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Elmir Omerovic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Cardiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Raïch I, Rebassa JB, Lillo J, Cordomi A, Rivas-Santisteban R, Lillo A, Reyes-Resina I, Franco R, Navarro G. Antagonization of OX 1 Receptor Potentiates CB 2 Receptor Function in Microglia from APP Sw/Ind Mice Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12801. [PMID: 36361598 PMCID: PMC9656664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microdialysis assays demonstrated a possible role of orexin in the regulation of amyloid beta peptide (Aß) levels in the hippocampal interstitial fluid in the APP transgenic model. CB2R is overexpressed in activated microglia, showing a neuroprotective effect. These two receptors may interact, forming CB2-OX1-Hets and becoming a new target to combat Alzheimer's disease. Aims: Demonstrate the potential role of CB2-OX1-Hets expression and function in microglia from animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Receptor heteromer expression was detected by immunocytochemistry, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) and proximity ligation assay (PLA) in transfected HEK-293T cells and microglia primary cultures. Quantitation of signal transduction events in a heterologous system and in microglia cells was performed using the AlphaScreen® SureFire® kit, western blot, the GCaMP6 calcium sensor and the Lance Ultra cAMP kit (PerkinElmer). The formation of CB2-OX1 receptor complexes in transfected HEK-293T cells has been demonstrated. The tetrameric complex is constituted by one CB2R homodimer, one OX1R homodimer and two G proteins, a Gi and a Gq. The use of TAT interfering peptides showed that the CB2-OX1 receptor complex interface is TM4-TM5. At the functional level it has been observed that the OX1R antagonist, SB334867, potentiates the action induced by CB2R agonist JWH133. This effect is observed in transfected HEK-293T cells and microglia, and it is stronger in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal model APPSw/Ind where the expression of the complex assessed by the proximity ligation assay indicates an increase in the number of complexes compared to resting microglia. The CB2-OX1 receptor complex is overexpressed in microglia from AD animal models where OX1R antagonists potentiate the neuroprotective actions of CB2R activation. Taken together, these results point to OX1R antagonists as drugs with therapeutic potential to combat AD. Data access statement: Raw data will be provided by the corresponding author upon reasonable requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iu Raïch
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Biel Rebassa
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Lillo
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lillo
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Garrido-Suárez BB, Garrido-Valdes M, Garrido G. Reactogenic sleepiness after COVID-19 vaccination. A hypothesis involving orexinergic system linked to inflammatory signals. Sleep Med 2022; 98:79-86. [PMID: 35792321 PMCID: PMC9212783 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global healthcare crisis that has led to morbidity and mortality on an unprecedented scale. While studies on COVID-19 vaccines are ongoing, the knowledge about the reactogenic symptoms that can occur after vaccination and its generator mechanisms can be critical for healthcare professionals to improve compliance with the future vaccination campaign. Because sleep and immunity are bidirectionally linked, sleepiness or sleep disturbance side effects reported after some of the COVID-19 vaccines advise an academic research line in the context of physiological or pathological neuroimmune interactions. On the recognized basis of inflammatory regulation of hypothalamic neurons in sickness behavior, we hypothesized that IL-1β, INF-γ and TNF-α pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibit orexinergic neurons promoting sleepiness after peripheral activation of the innate immune system induced by the novel COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, based on knowledge of previous vaccines and disease manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it also suggests that narcolepsy must be included as potential adverse events of particular interest to consider in pharmacovigilance studies.
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22
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Zhu J, Zeng Z, Xiong M, Mo H, Jin M, Hu K. Associations between daytime and nighttime plasma orexin A levels and cognitive function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2022; 20:421-429. [PMID: 38469416 PMCID: PMC10900028 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-022-00387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between plasma orexin A (OXA) levels and cognitive function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate associations between daytime and nighttime plasma OXA levels and cognitive function in patients with OSA. Subjects with suspected OSA underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) assessment. Subjects were considered controls or having OSA according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Daytime and nighttime plasma OXA levels were determined by ELISA. Receiver-operating characteristics curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma OXA levels for assessing cognitive impairment in OSA patients. One hundred and six subjects met the inclusion criteria. MoCA scores and plasma OXA concentrations were significantly lower in OSA patients than controls (p < 0.01). Patients with moderate and severe OSA had significantly lower MoCA scores than controls and mild OSA patients (p < 0.01). Daytime and nighttime OXA levels were significantly lower in OSA patients with cognitive impairment than those without cognitive impairment (p < 0.01). Both daytime and nighttime plasma OXA levels in patients with OSA were positively correlated with MoCA scores and nadir SaO2, negatively correlated with AHI, oxygen desaturation index, and percentage of time spent with an SaO2 below 90% (all p < 0.05), and not correlated with ESS scores. The optimal threshold of daytime plasma OXA to diagnose OSA with cognitive impairment was 49.34 pg/ml, with a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 74.3%. We concluded that plasma OXA concentrations might be related to cognitive function and daytime plasma OXA levels have diagnostic value for assessing cognitive impairment in OSA patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41105-022-00387-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Zhaofu Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Mengqing Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Huaheng Mo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Meng Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
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23
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Voisin T, Nicole P, Gratio V, Chassac A, Mansour D, Rebours V, Couvelard A, Couvineau A. The Orexin-A/OX1R System Induces Cell Death in Pancreatic Cancer Cells Resistant to Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel Treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:904327. [PMID: 35747788 PMCID: PMC9209740 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.904327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents the fourth cause of cancer-associated death in the West. This type of cancer has a very poor prognosis notably due to the development of chemoresistance when treatments including gemcitabine and Abraxane (Nab-paclitaxel) were prescribed. The identification of new treatment circumventing this chemoresistance represents a key challenge. Previous studies demonstrated that the activation of orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R), which was ectopically expressed in PDAC, by its natural ligand named orexin-A (OxA), led to anti-tumoral effect resulting in the activation of mitochondrial pro-apoptotic mechanism. Here, we demonstrated that OxA inhibited the pancreatic cancer cell (AsPC-1) growth and inhibited the tumor volume in preclinical models as effectively as gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel. Moreover, the combination therapy including OxA plus gemcitabine or OxA plus Nab-paclitaxel was additive on the inhibition of cancer cell growth and tumor development. More importantly, the treatment by OxA of chemoresistant tumors to gemcitabine or Nab-paclitaxel obtained by successive xenografts in mice revealed that OxA was able to induce a strong inhibition of tumor development, whereas no OxA resistance was identified in tumors. The OX1R/OxA system might be an innovative and powerful alternative treatment of chemoresistant PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Voisin
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team “From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases” labeled by “la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Nicole
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team “From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases” labeled by “la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Gratio
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team “From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases” labeled by “la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Chassac
- Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dounia Mansour
- Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vinciane Rebours
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team “From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases” labeled by “la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, DHU UNITY, Paris, France
- Department of Pancreatology, Beaujon Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Clichy, France
| | - Anne Couvelard
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team “From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases” labeled by “la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, DHU UNITY, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alain Couvineau
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team “From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases” labeled by “la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, DHU UNITY, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Alain Couvineau,
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24
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Sun YY, Wang Z, Zhou HY, Huang HC. Sleep-Wake Disorders in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1467-1478. [PMID: 35507669 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease, and it has become a serious health problem in the world. Senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are two main pathological characters of AD. SP mainly consists of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ), and NFT is formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Sleep-wake disorders are prevalent in AD patients; however, the links and mechanisms of sleep-wake disorders on the AD pathogenesis remain to be investigated. Here, we referred to the sleep-wake disorders and reviewed some evidence to demonstrate the relationship between sleep-wake disorders and the pathogenesis of AD. On one hand, the sleep-wake disorders may lead to the increase of Aβ production and the decrease of Aβ clearance, the spreading of tau pathology, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation. On the other hand, the ApoE4 allele, a risk gene for AD, was reported to participate in sleep-wake disorders. Furthermore, some neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, glutamate, serotonin, melatonin, and orexins, and their receptors were suggested to be involved in AD development and sleep-wake disorders. We discussed and suggested some possible therapeutic strategies for AD treatment based on the view of sleep regulation. In general, this review explored different views to find novel targets of diagnosis and therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, , Beijing 100191, China
- Research Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, , Beijing 100191, China
- Research Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - He-Yan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, , Beijing 100191, China
- Research Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Han-Chang Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, , Beijing 100191, China
- Research Institute of Functional Factors and Brain Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
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25
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Vesga-Jiménez DJ, Martin C, Barreto GE, Aristizábal-Pachón AF, Pinzón A, González J. Fatty Acids: An Insight into the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2577. [PMID: 35269720 PMCID: PMC8910658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common lipids in the human body is palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid with essential functions in brain cells. PA is used by cells as an energy source, besides being a precursor of signaling molecules and protein tilting across the membrane. Although PA plays physiological functions in the brain, its excessive accumulation leads to detrimental effects on brain cells, causing lipotoxicity. This mechanism involves the activation of toll-like receptors (TLR) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways, with the consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autophagy impairment. Importantly, some of the cellular changes induced by PA lead to an augmented susceptibility to the development of Alzheimer's and Parkinson´s diseases. Considering the complexity of the response to PA and the intrinsic differences of the brain, in this review, we provide an overview of the molecular and cellular effects of PA on different brain cells and their possible relationships with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Furthermore, we propose the use of other fatty acids, such as oleic acid or linoleic acid, as potential therapeutic approaches against NDs, as these fatty acids can counteract PA's negative effects on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Julián Vesga-Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, Colombia; (D.J.V.-J.); (A.F.A.-P.)
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
| | - Cynthia Martin
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andrés Felipe Aristizábal-Pachón
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, Colombia; (D.J.V.-J.); (A.F.A.-P.)
| | - Andrés Pinzón
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología de Sistemas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 111321, Colombia;
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, Colombia; (D.J.V.-J.); (A.F.A.-P.)
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26
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Couvineau A, Nicole P, Gratio V, Voisin T. The Orexin receptors: Structural and anti-tumoral properties. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:931970. [PMID: 35966051 PMCID: PMC9365956 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.931970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
At the end of the 20th century, two new neuropeptides (Orexin-A/hypocretin-1 and Orexin-B/hypocretins-2) expressed in hypothalamus as a prepro-orexins precursor, were discovered. These two neuropeptides interacted with two G protein-coupled receptor isoforms named OX1R and OX2R. The orexins/OX receptors system play an important role in the central and peripheral nervous system where it controls wakefulness, addiction, reward seeking, stress, motivation, memory, energy homeostasis, food intake, blood pressure, hormone secretions, reproduction, gut motility and lipolysis. Orexins and their receptors are involved in pathologies including narcolepsy type I, neuro- and chronic inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancers. Associated with these physiopathological roles, the extensive development of pharmacological molecules including OXR antagonists, has emerged in association with the determination of the structural properties of orexins and their receptors. Moreover, the identification of OX1R expression in digestive cancers encompassing colon, pancreas and liver cancers and its ability to trigger mitochondrial apoptosis in tumoral cells, indicate a new putative therapeutical action of orexins and paradoxically OXR antagonists. The present review focuses on structural and anti-tumoral aspects of orexins and their receptors.
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27
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Moharami S, Nourazarian A, Nikanfar M, Laghousi D, Shademan B, Joodi Khanghah O, Khaki-Khatibi F. Investigation of serum levels of orexin-A, transforming growth factor β, and leptin in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24170. [PMID: 34894407 PMCID: PMC8761413 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease affecting various inflammatory and nutritional parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Body Mass Index (BMI) of MS patients and the serum levels of leptin, orexin‐A, and Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF‐β). Methods This cross‐sectional study included 25 patients suffering from MS and 40 healthy individuals as the case and control groups, respectively. The serum levels of leptin, orexin‐A, and TGF‐β were assessed in the participants using the Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods. Moreover, data were analyzed using the descriptive statistical indices, t‐test, chi‐square test, and linear regression test. Results According to our results, the participants’ mean age was 38.04 ± 7.53 and 40.23 ± 5.88 in the case and control groups, respectively. Also, the groups were not significantly different in gender, age, alcohol consumption, and smoking (p > 0.05). It was found that the mean serum levels of orexin‐A and TGF‐β were significantly lower in the MS patients compared to the control group, while the mean serum leptin levels were significantly higher (42.8 vs. 18.9 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Moreover, there was no significant relationship between the BMI of the MS patients and their serum levels of orexin‐A, TGF‐β, and leptin (p > 0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, we found significantly lower levels of orexin‐A and TGF‐β and a significantly higher level of leptin in the MS patients compared to the control group. In addition, there was no significant relationship between the BMI and the serum levels of orexin‐A, TGF‐β, and leptin in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Moharami
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Masoud Nikanfar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Delara Laghousi
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Omid Joodi Khanghah
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khaki-Khatibi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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28
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Couvineau A, Voisin T, Nicole P, Gratio V, Blais A. Orexins: A promising target to digestive cancers, inflammation, obesity and metabolism dysfunctions. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7582-7596. [PMID: 34908800 PMCID: PMC8641057 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i44.7582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic neuropeptides named hypocretin/orexins which were identified in 1998 regulate critical functions such as wakefulness in the central nervous system. These past 20 years had revealed that orexins/receptors system was also present in the peripheral nervous system where they participated to the regulation of multiple functions including blood pressure regulation, intestinal motility, hormone secretion, lipolyze and reproduction functions. Associated to these peripheral functions, it was found that orexins and their receptors were involved in various diseases such as acute/chronic inflammation, metabolic syndrome and cancers. The present review suggests that orexins or the orexin neural circuitry represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of multiple pathologies related to inflammation including intestinal bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and septic shock, obesity and digestive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Couvineau
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center, Team “From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases” labeled by “la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer”, University of Paris, DHU UNITY, Paris 75018, France
| | - Thierry Voisin
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center, Team “From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases” labeled by “la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer”, University of Paris, DHU UNITY, Paris 75018, France
| | - Pascal Nicole
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center, Team “From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases” labeled by “la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer”, University of Paris, DHU UNITY, Paris 75018, France
| | - Valerie Gratio
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center, Team “From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases” labeled by “la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer”, University of Paris, DHU UNITY, Paris 75018, France
| | - Anne Blais
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris 75005, France
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29
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Razani E, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Safaroghli-Azar A, Zoghi A, Shanaki-Bavarsad M, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt signaling axis in Alzheimer's disease: a valuable target to stimulate or suppress? Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:871-887. [PMID: 34386944 PMCID: PMC8578535 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the long list of age-related complications, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has the most dreadful impact on the quality of life due to its devastating effects on memory and cognitive abilities. Although a plausible correlation between the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and different processes involved in neurodegeneration has been evidenced, few articles reviewed the task. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which the PI3K pathway plays pro-survival roles in normal conditions, and also to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on this topic. Responses to questions on how alterations of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway affect Tau phosphorylation and the amyloid cascade are given. In addition, we provide a general overview of the association between oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, alterations of insulin signaling, and altered autophagy with aberrant activation of this axis in the AD brain. The last section provides a special focus on the therapeutic possibility of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR modulators, either categorized as chemicals or herbals, in AD. In conclusion, determining the correct timing for the administration of the drugs seems to be one of the most important factors in the success of these agents. Also, the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling axis in the progression or repression of AD widely depends on the context of the cells; generally speaking, while PI3K/Akt activation in neurons and neural stem cells is favorable, its activation in microglia cells may be harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Razani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Zoghi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shanaki-Bavarsad
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Exploring the Role of Orexinergic Neurons in Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2141-2153. [PMID: 34495449 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting about 2% of the population. A neuropeptide, orexin, is linked with sleep abnormalities in the parkinsonian patient. This study aimed to review the changes in the orexinergic system in parkinsonian subjects and the effects of orexin. A number of search techniques were used and presumed during the search, including cloud databank searches of PubMed and Medline using title words, keywords, and MeSH terms. PD is characterised by motor dysfunctions (postural instability, rigidity, tremor) and cognitive disorders, sleep-wake abnormalities grouped under non-motor disorders. The Orexinergic system found in the hypothalamus is linked with autonomic function, neuroprotection, learning and memory, and the sleep-wake cycle. Prepro-orexin, a precursor peptide (130 amino acids), gives rise to orexins (Orx-A and Orx-B). Serum orexin level measurement is vital for evaluating several neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and PD). Orexinergic neurons are activated by hypoglycemia and ghrelin, while they are restrained by food consumption and leptin. Orexinergic system dysfunctioning was found to be linked with non-motor symptoms (sleep abnormalities) in PD. Orexinergic neuron's behaviour may be either inhibitory or excitatory depending on the environment in which they are present. As well, orexin antagonists are found to improve the abnormal sleep pattern. Since the orexinergic system plays a role in several psychological and neurological disorders, therefore, these disorders can be managed by targeting this system.
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Subramanian S, Ravichandran M. Orexin receptors: Targets and applications. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:72-80. [PMID: 34464995 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, elucidating targets from the neural circuits that can be used to treat disorders pertaining to the nervous system and extending their scope to other systems have always proved interesting to researchers. The role of various peptides and neurotransmitters has been elucidated and is being developed as therapeutic targets. Out of these, orexins are neuropeptides produced in the hypothalamus that stimulate a specific type of G-Protein coupled receptors (GPCR) called orexin receptors and bring about various physiological and pathological roles. Orexin receptors are of interest not only because of their wide applications such as insomnia, obesity, and inflammatory disorders but also because of their contribution to promising aspects of drug discovery such as optogenetics and their tremendous growth from the stage of being orphans to orexins. This review will discuss in detail the structure of orexin receptors, their physiological role, and various applications in disease states adding a note on agonists and antagonists and finally summarizing the recent drug approvals in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhiksha Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Mirunalini Ravichandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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La Torre ME, Villano I, Monda M, Messina A, Cibelli G, Valenzano A, Pisanelli D, Panaro MA, Tartaglia N, Ambrosi A, Carotenuto M, Monda V, Messina G, Porro C. Role of Vitamin E and the Orexin System in Neuroprotection. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081098. [PMID: 34439717 PMCID: PMC8394512 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the first line of defense at the level of the central nervous system (CNS). Phenotypic change in microglia can be regulated by various factors, including the orexin system. Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory process mediated by cytokines, by the lack of interaction between neurotransmitters and their specific receptors, caused by systemic tissue damage or, more often, associated with direct damage to the CNS. Chronic activation of microglia could lead to long-term neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to explore how tocopherol (vitamin E) and the orexin system may play a role in the prevention and treatment of microglia inflammation and, consequently, in neurodegenerative diseases thanks to its antioxidant properties. The results of animal and in vitro studies provide evidence to support the use of tocopherol for a reduction in microglia inflammation as well as a greater activation of the orexinergic system. Although there is much in vivo and in vitro evidence of vitamin E antioxidant and protective abilities, there are still conflicting results for its use as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases that speculate that vitamin E, under certain conditions or genetic predispositions, can be pro-oxidant and harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ester La Torre
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.E.L.T.); (G.C.); (A.V.); (D.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy; (I.V.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy; (I.V.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy; (I.V.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.E.L.T.); (G.C.); (A.V.); (D.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.E.L.T.); (G.C.); (A.V.); (D.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Daniela Pisanelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.E.L.T.); (G.C.); (A.V.); (D.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Nicola Tartaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (N.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonio Ambrosi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (N.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Marco Carotenuto
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy; (I.V.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.E.L.T.); (G.C.); (A.V.); (D.P.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-8815-88095
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.E.L.T.); (G.C.); (A.V.); (D.P.); (C.P.)
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Alain C, Pascal N, Valérie G, Thierry V. Orexins/Hypocretins and Cancer: A Neuropeptide as Emerging Target. Molecules 2021; 26:4849. [PMID: 34443437 PMCID: PMC8398691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 20 years ago, orexin neuropeptides (Orexin-A/hypocretin-1 and Orexin-B/hypocretins-2) produced from the same precursor in hypothalamus were identified. These two neurotransmitters and their receptors (OX1R and OX1R), present in the central and peripheral nervous system, play a major role in wakefulness but also in drug addiction, food consumption, homeostasis, hormone secretion, reproductive function, lipolysis and blood pressure regulation. With respect to these biological functions, orexins were involved in various pathologies encompassing narcolepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammations, metabolic syndrome and cancers. The expression of OX1R in various cancers including colon, pancreas and prostate cancers associated with its ability to induce a proapoptotic activity in tumor cells, suggested that the orexins/OX1R system could have a promising therapeutic role. The present review summarizes the relationship between cancers and orexins/OX1R system as an emerging target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Couvineau Alain
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team “From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases” Labeled by “la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, University of Paris, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France; (N.P.); (G.V.); (V.T.)
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Grasselli F, Bussolati S, Grolli S, Di Lecce R, Dall’Aglio C, Basini G. Effects of Orexin B on Swine Granulosa and Endothelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061812. [PMID: 34204547 PMCID: PMC8235033 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The follicle is the ovarian functional unit. It is mainly composed of granulosa cells and angiogenesis is crucial to guarantee its development till ovulation. Carrying on our previous studies on the orexin system in the ovary, we presently demonstrate a potential role of orexin B in the control of granulosa cells’ oxidative stress and of the angiogenesis event. Abstract In addition to the well-known central modulatory role of orexins, we recently demonstrated a peripheral involvement in swine granulosa cells for orexin A and in adipose tissue for orexin B (OXB). The aim of present research was to verify immunolocalization of OXB and its potential role in modulating the main features of swine granulosa cells. In particular, we explored the effects on granulosa cell proliferation (through the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine), cell metabolic activity (as indirect evaluation by the assessment of ATP), steroidogenic activity (by immunoenzymatic examination) and redox status (evaluating the production of superoxide anion by means of the WST test, production of nitric oxide through the use of the Griess test and the non-enzymatic reducing power by FRAP test). Our data point out that OXB does not modify granulosa cell growth, steroidogenesis and superoxide anion generation. On the contrary, the peptide stimulates (p < 0.05) nitric oxide output and non-enzymatic reducing power. Since new vessel growth is crucial for ovarian follicle development, a further aim of this study was to explore the expression of prepro-orexin and the effects of OXB on swine aortic endothelial cells. We found that the peptide is ineffective in modulating cell growth, while it inhibits redox status parameters. In addition, we demonstrated a stimulatory effect on angiogenesis evaluated in fibrin gel angiogenesis assay. Taken together, OXB appears to be potentially involved in the modulation of redox status in granulosa and endothelial cells and we could argue an involvement of the peptide in the follicular angiogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Grasselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.G.); (S.B.); (S.G.); (R.D.L.)
| | - Simona Bussolati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.G.); (S.B.); (S.G.); (R.D.L.)
| | - Stefano Grolli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.G.); (S.B.); (S.G.); (R.D.L.)
| | - Rosanna Di Lecce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.G.); (S.B.); (S.G.); (R.D.L.)
| | - Cecilia Dall’Aglio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Basini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.G.); (S.B.); (S.G.); (R.D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-521-032-775
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Focus on the Complex Interconnection between Cancer, Narcolepsy and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Possible Case of Orexin-Dependent Inverse Comorbidity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112612. [PMID: 34073579 PMCID: PMC8198883 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This narrative review first describes from several points of view the complex interrelationship between cancer and neurodegeneration, with special attention to the mechanisms that might underlie an inverse relationship between them. In particular, the mechanisms that might induce an imbalance between cell apoptotic and proliferative stimuli are discussed. Second, the review summarizes findings on orexins and their involvement in narcolepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, starting from epidemiological data then addressing laboratory findings, animal models, and human clinical observational and interventional investigations. Important research efforts are warranted on these topics, as they might lead to novel therapeutic approaches to both neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Abstract Conditions such as Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD) are less prevalent in cancer survivors and, overall, cancer is less prevalent in subjects with these neurodegenerative disorders. This seems to suggest that a propensity towards one type of disease may decrease the risk of the other. In addition to epidemiologic data, there is also evidence of a complex biological interconnection, with genes, proteins, and pathways often showing opposite dysregulation in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this narrative review, we focus on the possible role played by orexin signaling, which is altered in patients with narcolepsy type 1 and in those with AD and PD, and which has been linked to β-amyloid brain levels and inflammation in mouse models and to cancer in cell lines. Taken together, these lines of evidence depict a possible case of inverse comorbidity between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, with a role played by orexins. These considerations suggest a therapeutic potential of orexin modulation in diverse pathologies such as narcolepsy, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.
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Erichsen JM, Calva CB, Reagan LP, Fadel JR. Intranasal insulin and orexins to treat age-related cognitive decline. Physiol Behav 2021; 234:113370. [PMID: 33621561 PMCID: PMC8053680 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal (IN) administration of neuropeptides, such as insulin and orexins, has been suggested as a treatment strategy for age-related cognitive decline (ARCD). Because dysfunctional neuropeptide signaling is an observed characteristic of ARCD, it has been suggested that IN delivery of insulin and/or orexins may restore endogenous peptide signaling and thereby preserve cognition. IN administration is particularly alluring as it is a relatively non-invasive method that directly targets peptides to the brain. Several laboratories have examined the behavioral effects of IN insulin in young, aged, and cognitively impaired rodents and humans. These studies demonstrated improved performance on various cognitive tasks following IN insulin administration. Fewer laboratories have assessed the effects of IN orexins; however, this peptide also holds promise as an effective treatment for ARCD through the activation of the cholinergic system and/or the reduction of neuroinflammation. Here, we provide a brief overview of the advantages of IN administration and the delivery pathway, then summarize the current literature on IN insulin and orexins. Additional preclinical studies will be useful to ultimately uncover the mechanisms underlying the pro-cognitive effects of IN insulin and orexins, whereas future clinical studies will aid in the determination of the most efficacious dose and dosing paradigm. Eventually, IN insulin and/or orexin administration may be a widely used treatment strategy in the clinic for ARCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Erichsen
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
| | - Coleman B Calva
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Lawrence P Reagan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Jim R Fadel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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Bioque M, González-Rodríguez A, Garcia-Rizo C, Cobo J, Monreal JA, Usall J, Soria V, Labad J. Targeting the microbiome-gut-brain axis for improving cognition in schizophrenia and major mood disorders: A narrative review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110130. [PMID: 33045322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment has been consistently found to be a core feature of serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and major mood disorders (major depression and bipolar disorder). In recent years, a great effort has been made in elucidating the biological causes of cognitive deficits and the search for new biomarkers of cognition. Microbiome and gut-brain axis (MGB) hormones have been postulated to be potential biomarkers of cognition in serious mental illnesses. The main aim of this review was to synthesize current evidence on the association of microbiome and gut-brain hormones on cognitive processes in schizophrenia and major mood disorders and the association of MGB hormones with stress and the immune system. Our review underscores the role of the MGB axis on cognitive aspects of serious mental illnesses with the potential use of agents targeting the gut microbiota as cognitive enhancers. However, the current evidence for clinical trials focused on the MGB axis as cognitive enhancers in these clinical populations is scarce. Future clinical trials using probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, or faecal microbiota transplantation need to consider potential mechanistic pathways such as the HPA axis, the immune system, or gut-brain axis hormones involved in appetite control and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Bioque
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona (UB), IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandre González-Rodríguez
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Tauli University Hospital, I3PT. Sabadell, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clemente Garcia-Rizo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona (UB), IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jesús Cobo
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Tauli University Hospital, I3PT. Sabadell, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Monreal
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Tauli University Hospital, I3PT. Sabadell, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Usall
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, University of Barcelona (UB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Soria
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of Barcelona (UB), IDIBELL, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | | | - Javier Labad
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Tauli University Hospital, I3PT. Sabadell, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Appetite control results from metabolic, behavioral, and environmental factors that influence hunger and the desire to eat. We summarize the latest advances in the hormonal and nutritional strategies to control appetite and reduce hunger. RECENT FINDINGS The fed-hunger-state is regulated by central and peripheric hormones, which modulate energy balance. Leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), and other gut-derived peptides represent the main appetite controllers. The role of orexins, obestatin, and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 has been uncovered recently. New insights have demonstrated the role of hippocampal activity as a possible mechanism of action. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists are well known agents controlling appetite. Association of GLP1 receptor agonist, PYY, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists have been tested as new approaches. Appetite-control hormones have also risen as factors involved in the efficacy of bariatric procedures. High-protein, ketogenic diet, and intermittent fasting have been described as nutritional strategies to reduce appetite, although the physiological mechanism and long-term safety remains unclear. SUMMARY Appetite control has been an important target for the treatment of obesity and associated disorders. New studies have demonstrated promising adoption of dietary approaches, hormone-based drugs, and bariatric surgery to control energy intake. Further research will establish a significant association, benefits, and safety of these new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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de Martin Truzzi G, Naufel MF, Tufik S, Coelho FM. The influence of narcolepsy on olfactory function: a review. Sleep Med 2020; 72:75-81. [PMID: 32554327 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder associated with loss of hypocretin cells characterized by irrepressible need to sleep, often accompanied by cataplexy, sleep fragmentation, hypnagogical and hypnopompic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. It is also correlated with alterations in the sleep-wake cycle, dysautonomia, olfactory dysfunction, and eating disorders. METHODS This is a review about influence of narcolepsy on human olfaction. Pubmed, Embase, Ovid and Cochrane databases were searched for articles on the evaluation of olfactory function in narcoleptic patients including terms as narcolepsy, olfaction disorder, amongst others. RESULTS Seven articles met the inclusion criteria. In five of them, the olfaction of narcoleptic patients was diminished in comparison with healthy control groups. The diagnosis of narcolepsy relates to worse performance in olfactory tests. Experimental researches showed that hypocretin and hypocretin receptors are present in the olfactory system, and this neuropeptide may have a role on olfactory sensitivity and on the olfactory modulation. The cause of hyposmia appears to be multifactorial. Among them, it stands out the hypocretin deficiency, therefore, that seems to be involved in the olfactory impairment in narcoleptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Fernanda Naufel
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Morgadinho Coelho
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Liu C, Xue Y, Liu MF, Wang Y, Chen L. Orexin and Parkinson's disease: A protective neuropeptide with therapeutic potential. Neurochem Int 2020; 138:104754. [PMID: 32422324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. PD is characterized by motor dysfunctions as well as non-motor disorders. Orexin (also known as hypocretin) is a kind of neuropeptide involved in the regulation of motor control, the sleep/wake cycle, learning and memory, gastric motility and respiratory function. Several lines of evidence suggest that the orexinergic system is involved in the manifestations of PD, especially the non-motor disorders. Recent studies have revealed the protective actions and potential therapeutic applications of orexin in both cellular and animal models of PD. Here we present a brief overview of the involvement of the orexinergic system in PD, including the pathological changes in the lateral hypothalamus, the loss of orexinergic neurons and the fluctuation of orexin levels in CSF. Furthermore, we also review the neuroprotective effects of orexin in cellular and animal models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei-Fang Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Mohammadi S, Mayeli M, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Cytokines in narcolepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2020; 131:155103. [PMID: 32315956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by a loss of hypocretin neurons in the hypothalamus. Inflammation is proposed as a mechanism for neurodegeneration in narcolepsy. Numerous studies have investigated peripheral cytokine measures in narcoleptic patients, though the results are not conclusive. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to address the question of how do serum/plasma cytokine levels change in narcolepsy. METHODS A systematic search of the literature to July 2019, was conducted to identify studies that measured cytokine levels in patients with narcolepsy, compared with those in controls without narcolepsy. RESULTS Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis: ten for interleukin (IL)-6, five for IL-8, three for IL-10, and ten for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Compared with controls, patients with narcolepsy had higher plasma levels of IL-6 (95% CI [0.22, 3.74]; P = 0.03) and TNF-α (95% CI [0.53, 4.18]; P = 0.01), while did not significantly differ in plasma IL-8 (95% CI [-1.64, 2.08]; P = 0.82) and IL-10 (95% CI [-1.29, 0.72]; P = 0.57) as well as serum IL-6 (95% CI [-1.48, 0.32], P = 0.21) and TNF-α (95% CI [-3.14, 0.19], P = 0.08) and CSF IL-8 (95% CI [-1.16, 0.41]; P = 0.35) levels. Patients with narcolepsy exhibited lower CSF IL-6 (95% CI [-0.66, 0.06]; P = 0.02) levels comparing with controls. CONCLUSIONS Patients with narcolepsy had elevated plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and lower levels of CSF IL-6 than non-narcoleptic controls. Our results support the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of narcolepsy. However, plasma levels of IL-8 and IL-10, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and CSF IL-8 did not significantly differ between patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Mohammadi
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mayeli
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Veronesi MC, Alhamami M, Miedema SB, Yun Y, Ruiz-Cardozo M, Vannier MW. Imaging of intranasal drug delivery to the brain. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2020; 10:1-31. [PMID: 32211216 PMCID: PMC7076302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intranasal (IN) delivery is a rapidly developing area for therapies with great potential for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Moreover, in vivo imaging is becoming an important part of therapy assessment, both clinically in humans and translationally in animals. IN drug delivery is an alternative to systemic administration that uses the direct anatomic pathway between the olfactory/trigeminal neuroepithelium of the nasal mucosa and the brain. Several drugs have already been approved for IN application, while others are undergoing development and testing. To better understand which imaging modalities are being used to assess IN delivery of therapeutics, we performed a literature search with the key words "Intranasal delivery" and "Imaging" and summarized these findings in the current review. While this review does not attempt to be fully comprehensive, we intend for the examples provided to allow a well-rounded picture of the imaging tools available to assess IN delivery, with an emphasis on the nose-to-brain delivery route. Examples of in vivo imaging, for both humans and animals, include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), gamma scintigraphy and computed tomography (CT). Additionally, some in vivo optical imaging modalities, including bioluminescence and fluorescence, have been used more in experimental testing in animals. In this review, we introduce each imaging modality, how it is being utilized and outline its strengths and weaknesses, specifically in the context of IN delivery of therapeutics to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Veronesi
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of MedicineUSA
| | - Mosa Alhamami
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of MedicineUSA
| | - Shelby B Miedema
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of MedicineUSA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisUSA
| | - Yeonhee Yun
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of MedicineUSA
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Cardozo
- Clinical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia School of MedicineUSA
| | - Michael W Vannier
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago School of MedicineUSA
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