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Sbrini G, Mutti V, Bono F, Tomasoni Z, Fadel D, Missale C, Fiorentini C. 17-β-estradiol potentiates the neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects mediated by the dopamine D3/acetylcholine nicotinic receptor heteromer in dopaminergic neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176678. [PMID: 38821163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons express a heteromer composed of the dopamine D3 receptor and the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the D3R-nAChR heteromer, activated by both nicotine and dopamine D2 and D3 receptors agonists, such as quinpirole, and crucial for dopaminergic neuron homeostasis. We now report that D3R-nAChR heteromer activity is potentiated by 17-β-estradiol which acts as a positive allosteric modulator by binding a specific domain on the α4 subunit of the nicotinic receptor protomer. In mouse dopaminergic neurons, in fact, 17-β-estradiol significantly increased the ability of nicotine and quinpirole in promoting neuron dendritic remodeling and in protecting neurons against the accumulation of α-synuclein induced by deprivation of glucose, with a mechanism that does not involve the classical estrogen receptors. The potentiation induced by 17-β-estradiol required the D3R-nAChR heteromer since either nicotinic receptor or dopamine D3 receptor antagonists and interfering TAT-peptides, but not the estrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant, specifically prevented 17-β-estradiol effects. Evidence of estrogens neuroprotection, mainly mediated by genomic mechanisms, have been provided, which is in line with epidemiological data reporting that females are less likely to develop Parkinson's Disease than males. Therefore, potentiation of D3R-nAChR heteromer activity may represent a further mechanism by which 17-β-estradiol reduces dopaminergic neuron vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sbrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Veronica Mutti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Bono
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Zaira Tomasoni
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Dounia Fadel
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Missale
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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2
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Żabińska M, Wiśniewska K, Węgrzyn G, Pierzynowska K. Exploring the physiological role of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and its associations with human diseases. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 166:107070. [PMID: 38733757 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen is a group of hormones that collaborate with the nervous system to impact the overall well-being of all genders. It influences many processes, including those occurring in the central nervous system, affecting learning and memory, and playing roles in neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders. The hormone's action is mediated by specific receptors. Significant roles of classical estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, in various diseases were known since many years, but after identifying a structurally and locationally distinct receptor, the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), its role in human physiology and pathophysiology was investigated. This review compiles GPER-related information, highlighting its impact on homeostasis and diseases, while putting special attention on functions and dysfunctions of this receptor in neurobiology and biobehavioral processes. Understanding the receptor modulation possibilities is essential for therapy, as disruptions in receptors can lead to diseases or disorders, irrespective of correct estrogen levels. We conclude that studies on the GPER receptor have the potential to develop therapies that regulate estrogen and positively impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Żabińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Karolina Wiśniewska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdansk 80-308, Poland.
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3
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Zhang N, Guo P, Zhao Y, Qiu X, Shao S, Liu Z, Gao Z. Pharmacological mechanisms of puerarin in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: An overview. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117101. [PMID: 39002442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, a monomer of traditional Chinese medicine, is a key component of Pueraria radix. Both clinical and experimental researches demonstrated that puerarin has therapeutic effects on Parkinson's disease (PD). Puerarin's pharmacological mechanisms include: 1) Anti-apoptosis. Puerarin inhibits cell apoptosis through the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. Puerarin also exerts a hormone-like effect against cell apoptosis; 2) Anti-oxidative stress injury. Puerarin inhibits the Nrf2 nuclear exclusion through the GSK-3β/Fyn pathway to promote the Nrf2 accumulation in the nucleus, and then promotes the antioxidant synthesis through the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway to protect against oxidative stress; 3) Neuroprotective effects by intervening in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Puerarin significantly enhances the activity of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), which downregulates the expression of α-synuclein, reduces its accumulation, and thus improves the function of damaged neurons. Additionally, puerarin increases proteasome activity and decreases ubiquitin-binding proteins, thereby preventing toxic accumulation of intracellular proteins; 4) Alleviating inflammatory response. Puerarin inhibits the conversion of microglia to the M1 phenotype while inducing the transition of microglia to the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, puerarin promotes the secretion of anti-inflammatory factor and inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory factors; 5) Increasing the levels of dopamine and its metabolites. Puerarin could increase the levels of dopamine, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the striatum; 6) Promoting neurotrophic factor expression and neuronal repair. Puerarin increases the expression of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect. Moreover, the regulation of the gut microbiota by puerarin may be a potential mechanism for the treatment of PD. The current review discusses the molecular mechanisms of puerarin, which may provide insight into the active components of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianping Zhang
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China; Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Third People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250132, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Hand and Upper Limb Surgery, Jinan Third People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250132, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of reproductive medicine, Jingmen People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, China
| | - Zhenzhong Liu
- School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637100, China
| | - Zong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
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4
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Abbas MA, Al-Kabariti AY, Sutton C. Comprehensive understanding of the role of GPER in estrogen receptor-alpha negative breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 241:106523. [PMID: 38636681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) plays a prominent role in facilitating the rapid, non-genomic signaling of estrogens in breast cancer cells. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the role of GPER in ER-ɑ-negative breast cancer is provided. Activation of GPER affected proliferation, metastasis and epithelial mesenchymal transition in ER-ɑ negative breast cancer cells. Clinical studies have demonstrated that GPER positivity was strongly correlated with larger tumor size and advanced clinical stage, suggesting that GPER/ERK signaling may play a role in promoting tumor progression. Strong evidence existed that environmental contaminants like bisphenol A have a carcinogenic potential mediated by GPER activation. The complexity of the cross talk between GPER and other receptors including ER-β, ER-α36, Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) and androgen receptor has been discussed. The potential utility of small molecules and phytoestrogens targeting GPER, adds valuable insights into its therapeutic potential. This review holds promises in advancing our understanding of GPER role in ER-ɑ-negative breast cancer. Overall, the consequences of GPER activation are still an area of active research and the implication are not entirely clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Abbas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Aya Y Al-Kabariti
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan.
| | - Chris Sutton
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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5
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Liu H, Guo S, Dai A, Xu P, Li X, Huang S, He X, Wu K, Zhang X, Yang D, Xie X, Xu HE. Structural and functional evidence that GPR30 is not a direct estrogen receptor. Cell Res 2024; 34:530-533. [PMID: 38744981 PMCID: PMC11217264 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimeng Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Antao Dai
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijie Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinheng He
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- The Shanghai Advanced Electron Microscope Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Ågmo A. Neuroendocrinology of sexual behavior. Int J Impot Res 2024; 36:305-311. [PMID: 36481796 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the consequences of sexual behavior is reproduction. Thus, this behavior is essential for the survival of the species. However, the individual engaged in sexual behavior is rarely aware of its reproductive consequences. In fact, the human is probably the only species in which sexual acts may be performed with the explicit purpose of reproduction. Most human sexual activities as well as sex in other animals is performed with the aim of obtaining a state of positive affect. This makes sexual behavior important for wellbeing as well as for reproduction. It is not surprising, then, that sexual health has become an increasingly important issue, and that knowledge of the basic mechanisms controlling that behavior are urgently needed. The endocrine control of sexual behavior has been extensively studied, and although it is established that gonadal hormones are necessary, some controversy still exists concerning which hormone does what in which species. The brain areas necessary for sexual behavior have been determined in almost all vertebrates except the human. The medial preoptic area is crucial in males of all non-human vertebrates, whereas the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus is important in females. Modulatory functions have been ascribed to several other brain areas.
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Machado GDB, Schnitzler AL, Fleischer AW, Beamish SB, Frick KM. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the dorsal hippocampus regulates memory consolidation in gonadectomized male mice, likely via different signaling mechanisms than in female mice. Horm Behav 2024; 161:105516. [PMID: 38428223 PMCID: PMC11065565 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Studies in ovariectomized (OVX) female rodents suggest that G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is a key regulator of memory, yet little is known about its importance to memory in males or the cellular mechanisms underlying its mnemonic effects in either sex. In OVX mice, bilateral infusion of the GPER agonist G-1 into the dorsal hippocampus (DH) enhances object recognition and spatial memory consolidation in a manner dependent on rapid activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, cofilin phosphorylation, and actin polymerization in the DH. However, the effects of GPER on memory consolidation and DH cell signaling in males are unknown. Thus, the present study first assessed effects of DH infusion of G-1 or the GPER antagonist G-15 on object recognition and spatial memory consolidation in gonadectomized (GDX) male mice. As in OVX mice, immediate post-training bilateral DH infusion of G-1 enhanced, whereas G-15 impaired, memory consolidation in the object recognition and object placement tasks. However, G-1 did not increase levels of phosphorylated JNK (p46, p54) or cofilin in the DH 5, 15, or 30 min after infusion, nor did it affect phosphorylation of ERK (p42, p44), PI3K, or Akt. Levels of phospho-cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) were elevated in the DH 30 min following G-1 infusion, indicating that GPER in males activates a yet unknown signaling mechanism that triggers CREB-mediated gene transcription. Our findings show for the first time that GPER in the DH regulates memory consolidation in males and suggests sex differences in underlying signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo D B Machado
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States of America
| | - Alexis L Schnitzler
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States of America
| | - Aaron W Fleischer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States of America
| | - Sarah B Beamish
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States of America
| | - Karyn M Frick
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States of America.
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8
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Rasic-Markovic A, Djuric E, Skrijelj D, Bjekic-Macut J, Ignjatovic Đ, Sutulovic N, Hrncic D, Mladenovic D, Marković A, Radenković S, Radić L, Radunovic N, Stanojlovic O. Neuroactive steroids in the neuroendocrine control of food intake, metabolism, and reproduction. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03755-x. [PMID: 38635064 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Neuroactive steroids are a type of steroid hormones produced within the nervous system or in peripheral glands and then transported to the brain to exert their neuromodulatory effects. Neuroactive steroids have pleiotropic effects, that include promoting myelination, neuroplasticity, and brain development. They also regulate important physiological functions, such as metabolism, feeding, reproduction, and stress response. The homoeostatic processes of metabolism and reproduction are closely linked and mutually dependent. Reproductive events, such as pregnancy, bring about significant changes in metabolism, and metabolic status may affect reproductive function in mammals. In females, the regulation of reproduction and energy balance is controlled by the fluctuations of oestradiol and progesterone throughout the menstrual cycle. Neurosteroids play a key role in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. The synthesis of neuroestradiol and neuroprogesterone within the brain is a crucial process that facilitates the release of GnRH and LH, which in turn, regulate the transition from oestrogen-negative to oestrogen-positive feedback. In addition to their function in the reproductive system, oestrogen has a key role in the regulation of energy homoeostasis by acting at central and peripheral levels. The oestrogenic effects on body weight homoeostasis are primarily mediated by oestrogen receptors-α (ERα), which are abundantly expressed in multiple brain regions that are implicated in the regulation of food intake, basal metabolism, thermogenesis, and brown tissue distribution. The tight interplay between energy balance and reproductive physiology is facilitated by shared regulatory pathways, namely POMC, NPY and kisspeptin neurons, which are targets of oestrogen regulation and likely participate in different aspects of the joint control of energy balance and reproductive function. The aim of this review is to present a summary of the progress made in uncovering shared regulatory pathways that facilitate the tight coupling between energy balance and reproductive physiology, as well as their reciprocal interactions and the modulation induced by neurosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rasic-Markovic
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Emilija Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Daniel Skrijelj
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelica Bjekic-Macut
- Department of Endocrinology, UMC Bežanijska kosa, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đurđica Ignjatovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Sutulovic
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Hrncic
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Mladenovic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Marković
- Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Saša Radenković
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center Niš, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Lena Radić
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Olivera Stanojlovic
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Dignam JP, Sharma S, Stasinopoulos I, MacLean MR. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: Sex matters. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:938-966. [PMID: 37939796 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disease of multifactorial origin. While registries have demonstrated that women are more susceptible to the disease, females with PAH have superior right ventricle (RV) function and a better prognosis than their male counterparts, a phenomenon referred to as the 'estrogen paradox'. Numerous pre-clinical studies have investigated the involvement of sex hormones in PAH pathobiology, often with conflicting results. However, recent advances suggest that abnormal estrogen synthesis, metabolism and signalling underpin the sexual dimorphism of this disease. Other sex hormones, such as progesterone, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone may also play a role. Several non-hormonal factor including sex chromosomes and epigenetics have also been implicated. Though the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are complex, several compounds that modulate sex hormones levels and signalling are under investigation in PAH patients. Further elucidation of the estrogen paradox will set the stage for the identification of additional therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Dignam
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Smriti Sharma
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Ioannis Stasinopoulos
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Margaret R MacLean
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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10
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Muhammad A, Hixon JC, Pharmacy Yusuf A, Rivas Zarete JI, Johnson I, Miller J, Adu-Addai B, Yates C, Mahavadi S. Sex-specific epigenetics drive low GPER expression in gastrointestinal smooth muscles in type 2 diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5633. [PMID: 38453938 PMCID: PMC10920797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) causes gastroparesis, delayed intestinal transit, and constipation, for unknown reasons. Complications are predominant in women than men (particularly pregnant and postmenopausal women), suggesting a female hormone-mediated mechanism. Low G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) expression from epigenetic modifications may explain it. We explored sexually differentiated GPER expression and gastrointestinal symptoms related to GPER alterations in wild-type (WT) and T2D mice (db/db). We also created smooth muscle-specific GPER knockout (GPER KO) mice to phenotypically explore the effect of GPER deficiency on gastrointestinal motility. GPER mRNA and protein expression, DNA methylation and histone modifications were measured from stomach and colon samples of db/db and WT mice. Changes in gut motility were also evaluated as daily fecal pellet production patterns. We found that WT female tissues have the highest GPER mRNA and protein expressions. The expression is lowest in all db/db. GPER downregulation is associated with promoter hypermethylation and reduced enrichment of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac marks around the GPER promoter. We also observed sex-specific disparities in fecal pellet production patterns of the GPER KO mice compared to WT. We thus, conclude that T2D impairs gut GPER expression, and epigenetic sex-specific mechanisms matter in the downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Juanita C Hixon
- Department of Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA
| | | | - Jatna I Rivas Zarete
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA
| | - India Johnson
- Department of Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA
| | - Jamial Miller
- Department of Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA
| | - Benjamin Adu-Addai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sunila Mahavadi
- Department of Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA.
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11
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Zhang D, Chen H, Wang J, Ji J, Imam M, Zhang Z, Yan S. Current progress and prospects for G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in triple-negative breast cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1338448. [PMID: 38476263 PMCID: PMC10928007 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1338448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) plays a crucial role in mediating the effect of estrogen and estrogen-like compounds in TNBC cells. Compared with other subtypes, GPER has a higher expression in TNBC. The GPER mechanisms have been thoroughly characterized and analyzed in estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive breast cancer, but not in TNBC. Our previous work revealed that a higher expression of GPER mRNA indicates a better prognosis for ERα-positive breast cancer; however, its effects in TNBC differ. Whether GPER could serve as a predictive prognostic marker or therapeutic target for TNBC remains unclear. In this review, we provide a detailed introduction to the subcellular localization of GPER, the different effects of various ligands, and the interactions between GPER and closely associated factors in TNBC. We focused on the internal molecular mechanisms specific to TNBC and thoroughly explored the role of GPER in promoting tumor development. We also discussed the interaction of GPER with specific cytokines and chemokines, and the relationship between GPER and immune evasion. Additionally, we discussed the feasibility of using GPER as a therapeutic target in the context of existing studies. This comprehensive review highlights the effects of GPER on TNBC, providing a framework and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shunchao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Chen J, Zhao R, Wang Y, Xiao H, Lin W, Diao M, He S, Mei P, Liao Y. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor activates PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to suppress ferroptosis via SREBP1/SCD1-mediated lipogenesis. Mol Med 2024; 30:28. [PMID: 38383297 PMCID: PMC10880371 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The sex differences in the occurrence and fatality rates of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), along with its association with estrogen dependence, suggest that estrogen receptors (ERs) contribute to the development of NSCLC. However, the influence of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1) on NSCLC remains to be determined. Escape from ferroptosis is one of the hallmarks of tumor discovered in recent years. In this context, the present study evaluated whether GPER1 promotes NSCLC progression by preventing ferroptosis, and the underlying mechanism through which GPER1 protects against ferroptosis was also explored. METHODS The effects of GPER1 on the cytotoxicity of H2O2, the ferroptosis inducer RSL3, and Erastin were assessed using the CCK8 assay and plate cloning. Lipid peroxidation levels were measured based on the levels of MDA and BODIPY™581/591C11. GPER1 overexpression and knockdown were performed and G1 was used, and the expression of SCD1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling factors was measured. Immunofluorescence analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed on paired specimens to measure the correlation between the expression of GPER1 and SCD1 in NSCLC tissues. The effect of GPER1 on the cytotoxicity of cisplatin was measured in vitro using the CCK8 assay and in vivo using xenograft tumor models. RESULTS GPER1 and G1 alleviated the cytotoxicity of H2O2, reduced sensitivity to RSL3, and impaired lipid peroxidation in NSCLC tissues. In addition, GPER1 and G1 promoted the protein and mRNA expression of SCD1 and the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. GPER1 and SCD1 expression were elevated and positively correlated in NSCLC tissues, and high GPER1 expression predicted a poor prognosis. GPER1 knockdown enhanced the antitumor activity of cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION GPER1 prevents ferroptosis in NSCLC by promoting the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, thereby inducing SCD1 expression. Therefore, treatments targeting GPER1 combined with cisplatin would exhibit better antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mingxin Diao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shiwen He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Peiyuan Mei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yongde Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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13
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Zapater C, Moreira C, Knigge T, Monsinjon T, Gómez A, Pinto PIS. Evolutionary history and functional characterization of duplicated G protein-coupled estrogen receptors in European sea bass. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 236:106423. [PMID: 37939740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Across vertebrates, the numerous estrogenic functions are mainly mediated by nuclear and membrane receptors, including the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) that has been mostly associated with rapid non-genomic responses. Although Gper-mediated signalling has been characterized in only few fish species, Gpers in fish appear to present more mechanistic functionalities as those of mammals due to additional gene duplicates. In this study, we ran a thorough investigation of the fish Gper evolutionary history in light of available genomes, we carried out the functional characterization of the two gper gene duplicates of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) using luciferase reporter gene transactivation assays, validated it with natural and synthetic estrogen agonists/antagonists and applied it to other chemicals of aquaculture and ecotoxicological interest. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses of fish gper1 and gper1-like genes suggest their duplication may have not resulted from the teleost-specific whole genome duplication. We confirmed that both sbsGper isoforms activate the cAMP signalling pathway and respond differentially to distinct estrogenic compounds. Therefore, as observed for nuclear estrogen receptors, both sbsGpers duplicates retain estrogenic activity although they differ in their specificity and potency (Gper1 being more potent and more specific than Gper1-like), suggesting a more conserved role for Gper1 than for Gper1-like. In addition, Gpers were able to respond to estrogenic environmental pollutants known to interfere with estrogen signalling, such as the phytoestrogen genistein and the anti-depressant fluoxetine, a point that can be taken into account in aquatic environment pollution screenings and chemical risk assessment, complementing previous assays for sea bass nuclear estrogen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Zapater
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, CSIC, 12595 Torre de la Sal, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Catarina Moreira
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, F-76600 Le Havre, France.
| | - Thomas Knigge
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, F-76600 Le Havre, France.
| | - Tiphaine Monsinjon
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, F-76600 Le Havre, France.
| | - Ana Gómez
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, CSIC, 12595 Torre de la Sal, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Patrícia I S Pinto
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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14
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Liguori G, Tafuri S, Pelagalli A, Ali’ S, Russo M, Mirabella N, Squillacioti C. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) and ERs Are Modulated in the Testis-Epididymal Complex in the Normal and Cryptorchid Dog. Vet Sci 2024; 11:21. [PMID: 38250927 PMCID: PMC10820011 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence by the literature that the unbalance between androgens and estrogens is a relevant condition associated with a common canine reproductive disorder known as cryptorchidism. The role of estrogens in regulating testicular cell function and reproductive events is supposedly due to the wide expression of two nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), ER-alpha and ER-beta and a trans-membrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the testis. In this study, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to assess the distribution and expression of GPER in the testis-epididymal complex in the normal and cryptorchid dog. ER-alpha and ER-beta were also evaluated to better characterize the relative abundances of all three receptors. In addition, in these tissues, the expression level of two proteins as SOD1 and Nrf2 normally associated with oxidative stress was investigated to evaluate a possible relationship with ERs. Our data revealed changes in the distribution and expression of the GPER between the normal and cryptorchid dog. In particular, dogs affected by cryptorchidism showed an upregulation of GPER at level of the examined reproductive tract. Also considering the obtained result of a modulation of SOD1 and Nrf2 expression, we could hypothesize the involvement of GPER in the cryptorchid condition. Further studies are, however, necessary to characterize the role of GPER and its specific signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Liguori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (S.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (N.M.); (C.S.)
- Department of Prevention, ASL FG, Piazza Pavoncelli 11, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Simona Tafuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (S.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (N.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, National Research Council, Via De Amicis 95, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Ali’
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (S.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (N.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Marco Russo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (S.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (N.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Nicola Mirabella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (S.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (N.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Caterina Squillacioti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.L.); (S.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (N.M.); (C.S.)
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15
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Yang Y, Xu L, Lei B, Huang Y, Yu M. Effects of trichlorobisphenol A on the expression of proteins and genes associated with puberty initiation in GT1-7 cells and the relevant molecular mechanism. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 183:114258. [PMID: 38040238 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of Cl3BPA on kisspeptin-G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54)/gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (KGG) signals and analyzed the roles of estrogen receptor alpha (ERɑ) and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in regulating KGG signals. The results showed that Cl3BPA at 50 μM increased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GnRH, upregulated the protein levels of kisspeptin and the expression of fshr, lhr and gnrh1 genes related to KGG in GT1-7 cells. In addition, 50 μM Cl3BPA significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2), the protein levels of GPER1 and the expression of the gper1 as well as the most target genes associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Erk1/2 pathways. Specific signal inhibitor experiments found that Cl3BPA activated KGG signals by activating the GPER1-mediated MAPK/Erk1/2 signaling pathway at the mRNA level. A docking test further confirmed the interactions between Cl3BPA and GPER1. The findings suggest that Cl3BPA might induce precocious puberty by increasing GnRH secretion together with KGG signaling upregulation, which is driven by GPER1-mediated signaling pathway. By comparison, ClxBPAs with fewer chlorine atoms had more obvious effects on the expression of proteins and partial genes related to KGG signals in GT1-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Yang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Lanbing Xu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Yaoyao Huang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Mengjie Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
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16
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Harvey BJ, Harvey HM. Sex Differences in Colon Cancer: Genomic and Nongenomic Signalling of Oestrogen. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2225. [PMID: 38137047 PMCID: PMC10742859 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy that exhibits distinct differences in incidence, prognosis, and treatment responses between males and females. These disparities have long been attributed to hormonal differences, particularly the influence of oestrogen signalling. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in colon cancer and the protective role of membrane and nuclear oestrogen signalling in CRC development, progression, and therapeutic interventions. We discuss the epidemiological and molecular evidence supporting sex differences in colon cancer, followed by an exploration of the impact of oestrogen in CRC through various genomic and nongenomic signalling pathways involving membrane and nuclear oestrogen receptors. Furthermore, we examine the interplay between oestrogen receptors and other signalling pathways, in particular the Wnt/β-catenin proliferative pathway and hypoxia in shaping biological sex differences and oestrogen protective actions in colon cancer. Lastly, we highlight the potential therapeutic implications of targeting oestrogen signalling in the management of colon cancer and propose future research directions to address the current gaps in our understanding of this complex phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Harvey
- Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry M. Harvey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z5, Canada;
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17
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Yu S, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Meng D, Wang Y, Xu X, Liang N, Shabiti S, Zhang X, Wang Z, Yang Z, Mi P, Zheng X, Li W, Chen H. The mechanisms of multidrug resistance of breast cancer and research progress on related reversal agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 95:117486. [PMID: 37847948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the mainstay in the treatment of breast cancer. However, many drugs that are commonly used in clinical practice have a high incidence of side effects and multidrug resistance (MDR), which is mainly caused by overexpression of drug transporters and related enzymes in breast cancer cells. In recent years, researchers have been working hard to find newer and safer drugs to overcome MDR in breast cancer. In this review, we provide the molecule mechanism of MDR in breast cancer, categorize potential lead compounds that inhibit single or multiple drug transporter proteins, as well as related enzymes. Additionally, we have summarized the structure-activity relationship (SAR) based on potential breast cancer MDR modulators with lower side effects. The development of novel approaches to suppress MDR is also addressed. These lead compounds hold great promise for exploring effective chemotherapy agents to overcome MDR, providing opportunities for curing breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jinling Zheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Dandan Meng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Na Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Shayibai Shabiti
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zixi Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zehua Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Pengbing Mi
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Third Zhongyi Shan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 425101, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Hongfei Chen
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
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18
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Hoffmann JP, Liu JA, Seddu K, Klein SL. Sex hormone signaling and regulation of immune function. Immunity 2023; 56:2472-2491. [PMID: 37967530 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses to antigens, including innocuous, self, tumor, microbial, and vaccine antigens, differ between males and females. The quest to uncover the mechanisms for biological sex differences in the immune system has intensified, with considerable literature pointing toward sex hormonal influences on immune cell function. Sex steroids, including estrogens, androgens, and progestins, have profound effects on immune function. As such, drastic changes in sex steroid concentrations that occur with aging (e.g., after puberty or during the menopause transition) or pregnancy impact immune responses and the pathogenesis of immune-related diseases. The effect of sex steroids on immunity involves both the concentration of the ligand and the density and distribution of genomic and nongenomic receptors that serve as transcriptional regulators of immune cellular responses to affect autoimmunity, allergy, infectious diseases, cancers, and responses to vaccines. The next frontier will be harnessing these effects of sex steroids to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Hoffmann
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer A Liu
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kumba Seddu
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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19
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Kim N, Kwon J, Shin US, Jung J. Stimulatory Anticancer Effect of Resveratrol Mediated by G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in Colorectal Cancer. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:655-660. [PMID: 37817377 PMCID: PMC10616510 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most high-risk cancers; however, it has been suggested that estrogen signaling in CRC could have a protective effect. Therefore, we focused on the function of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) among the estrogen receptors in CRC. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of resveratrol via GPER in CRC (RKO and WiDr) cells, CRC cell-derived xenograft models, and organoids (30T and 33T). Resveratrol significantly suppressed cell viability and proliferation in highly GPER-expressing RKO cells compared to that in low GPER-expressing WiDr cells. In xenograft models, resveratrol also delayed tumor growth and exhibited a high survival rate depending on GPER expression in RKO-derived tumors. Furthermore, resveratrol significantly inhibited the viability of organoids with high GPER expression. Additionally, the anticancer effect of resveratrol on CRC showed that resveratrol rapidly responded to GPER, while increasing the expression of p-ERK and Bax and cleaving PARP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhye Kwon
- Department of Radiological & Clinical Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Sup Shin
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, KIRAMS, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
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20
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Tirado-Garibay AC, Falcón-Ruiz EA, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, López-Meza JE. GPER: An Estrogen Receptor Key in Metastasis and Tumoral Microenvironments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14993. [PMID: 37834441 PMCID: PMC10573234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens and their role in cancer are well-studied, and some cancer types are classified in terms of their response to them. In recent years, a G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has been described with relevance in cancer. GPER is a pleiotropic receptor with tissue-specific activity; in normal tissues, its activation is related to correct development and homeostasis, while in cancer cells, it can be pro- or anti-tumorigenic. Also, GPER replaces estrogen responsiveness in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-lacking cancer cell lines. One of the most outstanding activities of GPER is its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is relevant for metastasis development. In addition, the presence of this receptor in tumor microenvironment cells contributes to the phenotypic plasticity required for the dissemination and maintenance of tumors. These characteristics suggest that GPER could be a promising therapeutic target for regulating cancer development. This review focuses on the role of GPER in EMT in tumorigenic and associated cells, highlighting its role in relation to the main hallmarks of cancer and possible therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joel E. López-Meza
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología—FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58893, Mexico; (A.C.T.-G.); (E.A.F.-R.); (A.O.-Z.)
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21
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Zhao W, Shan X, Li X, Lu S, Xia L, Chen H, Zhang C, Guo W, Xu M, Lu R, Zhao P. Icariin inhibits hypertrophy by regulation of GPER1 and CaMKII/HDAC4/MEF2C signaling crosstalk in ovariectomized mice. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110728. [PMID: 37739049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Icariin (ICA), a flavonoid phytoestrogen, was isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Yin Yang Huo (Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.). Previous studies reporting the cardioprotective effects of ICA are available; however, little is known about the impact of ICA on cardioprotection under conditions of reduced estrogen levels. This study aimed to provide detailed information regarding the antihypertrophic effects of ICA in ovariectomized female mice. Female mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and transverse aortic constriction and then orally treated with ICA at doses of 30, 60 or 120 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Morphological assessments, echocardiographic parameters, histological analyses, and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiomyocytes from mice or rats were stimulated using phenylephrine, and cell surface and hypertrophy markers were tested using immunofluorescence and qPCR. Western blotting, qPCR, and luciferase reporter gene assays were used to assess the expression of proteins and mRNA and further investigate the proteins related to the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1) and CaMKII/HDAC4/MEF2C signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro. ICA blocks cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload in OVX mice. Additionally, we demonstrated that ICA activated GPER1 and inhibited the nuclear export or promoted the nuclear import of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) through regulation of phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and further improved the repression of myocyte enhancer factor-2C (MEF2C). ICA ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy in OVX mice by activating GPER1 and inhibiting the CaMKII/HDAC4/MEF2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Shan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihua Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pei Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Seib DR, Tobiansky DJ, Meitzen J, Floresco SB, Soma KK. Neurosteroids and the mesocorticolimbic system. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105356. [PMID: 37567491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The mesocorticolimbic system coordinates executive functions, such as working memory and behavioral flexibility. This circuit includes dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex. In this review, we summarize evidence that cells in multiple nodes of the mesocorticolimbic system produce neurosteroids (steroids synthesized in the nervous system) and express steroid receptors. Here, we focus on neuroandrogens (androgens synthesized in the nervous system), neuroestrogens (estrogens synthesized in the nervous system), and androgen and estrogen receptors. We also summarize how (neuro)androgens and (neuro)estrogens affect dopamine signaling in the mesocorticolimbic system and regulate executive functions. Taken together, the data suggest that steroids produced in the gonads and locally in the brain modulate higher-order cognition and executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée R Seib
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Daniel J Tobiansky
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Program, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, MD, USA
| | - John Meitzen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Stan B Floresco
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kiran K Soma
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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23
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Xu F, Ma J, Wang X, Wang X, Fang W, Sun J, Li Z, Liu J. The Role of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) in Vascular Pathology and Physiology. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1410. [PMID: 37759810 PMCID: PMC10526873 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estrogen is indispensable in health and disease and mainly functions through its receptors. The protection of the cardiovascular system by estrogen and its receptors has been recognized for decades. Numerous studies with a focus on estrogen and its receptor system have been conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Although nuclear estrogen receptors, including estrogen receptor-α and estrogen receptor-β, have been shown to be classical receptors that mediate genomic effects, studies now show that GPER mainly mediates rapid signaling events as well as transcriptional regulation via binding to estrogen as a membrane receptor. With the discovery of selective synthetic ligands for GPER and the utilization of GPER knockout mice, significant progress has been made in understanding the function of GPER. In this review, the tissue and cellular localizations, endogenous and exogenous ligands, and signaling pathways of GPER are systematically summarized in diverse physiological and diseased conditions. This article further emphasizes the role of GPER in vascular pathology and physiology, focusing on the latest research progress and evidence of GPER as a promising therapeutic target in hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Thus, selective regulation of GPER by its agonists and antagonists have the potential to be used in clinical practice for treating such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Xu
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710068, China; (F.X.); (W.F.); (J.S.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jipeng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710068, China; (F.X.); (W.F.); (J.S.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jingwei Sun
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710068, China; (F.X.); (W.F.); (J.S.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Zilin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.M.); (X.W.); (X.W.)
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24
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Szukiewicz D. Insight into the Potential Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption by Dietary Phytoestrogens in the Context of the Etiopathogenesis of Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12195. [PMID: 37569571 PMCID: PMC10418522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens (PEs) are estrogen-like nonsteroidal compounds derived from plants (e.g., nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables) and fungi that are structurally similar to 17β-estradiol. PEs bind to all types of estrogen receptors, including ERα and ERβ receptors, nuclear receptors, and a membrane-bound estrogen receptor known as the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). As endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with pro- or antiestrogenic properties, PEs can potentially disrupt the hormonal regulation of homeostasis, resulting in developmental and reproductive abnormalities. However, a lack of PEs in the diet does not result in the development of deficiency symptoms. To properly assess the benefits and risks associated with the use of a PE-rich diet, it is necessary to distinguish between endocrine disruption (endocrine-mediated adverse effects) and nonspecific effects on the endocrine system. Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease of unknown etiopathogenesis, in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) grows outside of the uterus with subsequent complications being manifested as a result of local inflammatory reactions. Endometriosis affects 10-15% of women of reproductive age and is associated with chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility. In this review, the endocrine-disruptive actions of PEs are reviewed in the context of endometriosis to determine whether a PE-rich diet has a positive or negative effect on the risk and course of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Erdem C, Gross SM, Heiser LM, Birtwistle MR. MOBILE pipeline enables identification of context-specific networks and regulatory mechanisms. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3991. [PMID: 37414767 PMCID: PMC10326020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust identification of context-specific network features that control cellular phenotypes remains a challenge. We here introduce MOBILE (Multi-Omics Binary Integration via Lasso Ensembles) to nominate molecular features associated with cellular phenotypes and pathways. First, we use MOBILE to nominate mechanisms of interferon-γ (IFNγ) regulated PD-L1 expression. Our analyses suggest that IFNγ-controlled PD-L1 expression involves BST2, CLIC2, FAM83D, ACSL5, and HIST2H2AA3 genes, which were supported by prior literature. We also compare networks activated by related family members transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and find that differences in ligand-induced changes in cell size and clustering properties are related to differences in laminin/collagen pathway activity. Finally, we demonstrate the broad applicability and adaptability of MOBILE by analyzing publicly available molecular datasets to investigate breast cancer subtype specific networks. Given the ever-growing availability of multi-omics datasets, we envision that MOBILE will be broadly useful for identification of context-specific molecular features and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Erdem
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Sean M Gross
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Laura M Heiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Marc R Birtwistle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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26
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Alencar AKN, Swan KF, Pridjian G, Lindsey SH, Bayer CL. Connecting G protein-coupled estrogen receptor biomolecular mechanisms with the pathophysiology of preeclampsia: a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023; 21:60. [PMID: 37393260 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-023-01112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout the course of pregnancy, small maternal spiral arteries that are in contact with fetal tissue undergo structural remodeling, lose smooth muscle cells, and become less responsive to vasoconstrictors. Additionally, placental extravillous trophoblasts invade the maternal decidua to establish an interaction between the fetal placental villi with the maternal blood supply. When successful, this process enables the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and signaling molecules but an insufficiency leads to placental ischemia. In response, the placenta releases vasoactive factors that enter the maternal circulation and promote maternal cardiorenal dysfunction, a hallmark of preeclampsia (PE), the leading cause of maternal and fetal death. An underexplored mechanism in the development of PE is the impact of membrane-initiated estrogen signaling via the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Recent evidence indicates that GPER activation is associated with normal trophoblast invasion, placental angiogenesis/hypoxia, and regulation of uteroplacental vasodilation, and these mechanisms could explain part of the estrogen-induced control of uterine remodeling and placental development in pregnancy. CONCLUSION Although the relevance of GPER in PE remains speculative, this review provides a summary of our current understanding on how GPER stimulation regulates some of the features of normal pregnancy and a potential link between its signaling network and uteroplacental dysfunction in PE. Synthesis of this information will facilitate the development of innovative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth F Swan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Gabriella Pridjian
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Carolyn L Bayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 500 Lindy Boggs Center, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
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27
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Hameed RA, Ahmed EK, Mahmoud AA, Atef AA. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) selective agonist G1 attenuates the neurobehavioral, molecular and biochemical alterations induced in a valproic acid rat model of autism. Life Sci 2023:121860. [PMID: 37331505 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a rising prevalence in boys rather than girls. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) activation by its agonist G1 showed a neuroprotective effect, similar to estradiol. The present study aimed to examine the potential of the selective GPER agonist G1 therapy on the behavioral, histopathological, biochemical, and molecular alterations induced in a valproic acid (VPA)-rat model of autism. MAIN METHODS VPA (500 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to female Wistar rats (on gestational day 12.5) to induce the VPA-rat model of autism. The male offspring were intraperitoneally administered with G1 (10 and 20 μg/kg) for 21 days. After the treatment process, rats performed behavioral assessments. Then, sera and hippocampi were collected for biochemical and histopathological examinations and gene expression analysis. KEY FINDINGS GPER agonist G1 attenuated behavioral deficits, including hyperactivity, declined spatial memory and social preferences, anxiety, and repetitive behavior in VPA rats. G1 improved neurotransmission and reduced oxidative stress and histological alteration in the hippocampus. G1 reduced serum free T levels and interleukin-1β and up-regulated GPER, RORα, and aromatase gene expression levels in the hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE The present study suggests that activation of GPER by its selective agonist G1 altered the derangements induced in a VPA-rat model of autism. G1 normalized free T levels via up-regulation of hippocampal RORα and aromatase gene expression. G1 provoked estradiol neuroprotective functions via up-regulation of hippocampal GPER expression. The G1 treatment and GPER activation provide a promising therapeutic approach to counteract the autistic-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Abdel Hameed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad K Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Mahmoud
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Azza A Atef
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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28
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Lissaman AC, Girling JE, Cree LM, Campbell RE, Ponnampalam AP. Androgen signalling in the ovaries and endometrium. Mol Hum Reprod 2023; 29:gaad017. [PMID: 37171897 PMCID: PMC10663053 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, our understanding of hormonal regulation within the female reproductive system is largely based on our knowledge of estrogen and progesterone signalling. However, while the important functions of androgens in male physiology are well known, it is also recognized that androgens play critical roles in the female reproductive system. Further, androgen signalling is altered in a variety of gynaecological conditions, including endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, indicative of regulatory roles in endometrial and ovarian function. Co-regulatory mechanisms exist between different androgens, estrogens, and progesterone, resulting in a complex network of steroid hormone interactions. Evidence from animal knockout studies, in vitro experiments, and human data indicate that androgen receptor expression is cell-specific and menstrual cycle stage-dependent, with important regulatory roles in the menstrual cycle, endometrial biology, and follicular development in the ovaries. This review will discuss the expression and co-regulatory interactions of androgen receptors, highlighting the complexity of the androgen signalling pathway in the endometrium and ovaries, and the synthesis of androgens from additional alternative pathways previously disregarded as male-specific. Moreover, it will illustrate the challenges faced when studying androgens in female biology, and the need for a more in-depth, integrative view of androgen metabolism and signalling in the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey C Lissaman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane E Girling
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lynsey M Cree
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca E Campbell
- Department of Physiology and Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anna P Ponnampalam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Pūtahi Manawa-Healthy Hearts for Aotearoa New Zealand, Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand
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29
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Clusan L, Ferrière F, Flouriot G, Pakdel F. A Basic Review on Estrogen Receptor Signaling Pathways in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076834. [PMID: 37047814 PMCID: PMC10095386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the deadliest among women worldwide. Estrogen signaling is closely associated with hormone-dependent breast cancer (estrogen and progesterone receptor positive), which accounts for two-thirds of tumors. Hormone therapy using antiestrogens is the gold standard, but resistance to these treatments invariably occurs through various biological mechanisms, such as changes in estrogen receptor activity, mutations in the ESR1 gene, aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway or cell cycle dysregulations. All these factors have led to the development of new therapies, such as selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs), or combination therapies with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 or PI3K inhibitors. Therefore, understanding the estrogen pathway is essential for the treatment and new drug development of hormone-dependent cancers. This mini-review summarizes current literature on the signalization, mechanisms of action and clinical implications of estrogen receptors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Clusan
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - François Ferrière
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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30
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Non-genomic Effect of Estradiol on the Neurovascular Unit and Possible Involvement in the Cerebral Vascular Accident. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1964-1985. [PMID: 36596967 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemic cerebral vascular accident (CVA), are responsible for causing high rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability in the population. The neurovascular unit (NVU) during and after ischemic CVA plays crucial roles in cell regulation and preservation, the immune and inflammatory response, and cell and/or tissue survival and repair. Cellular responses to 17β-estradiol (E2) can be triggered by two mechanisms: one called classical or genomic, which is due to the activation of the "classical" nuclear estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ), and the non-genomic or rapid mechanism, which is due to the activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) that is located in the plasma membrane and some in intracellular membranes, such as in the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. Nuclear receptors can regulate gene expression and cellular functions. On the contrary, activating the GPER by E2 and/or its G-1 agonist triggers several rapid cell signaling pathways. Therefore, E2 or its G-1 agonist, by mediating GPER activation and/or expression, can influence several NVU cell types. Most studies argue that the activation of the GPER may be used as a potential therapeutic target in various pathologies, such as CVA. Thus, with this review, we aimed to summarize the existing literature on the role of GPER mediated by E2 and/or its agonist G-1 in the physiology and pathophysiology of NVU.
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31
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Huang S, Qi B, Yang L, Wang X, Huang J, Zhao Y, Hu Y, Xiao W. Phytoestrogens, novel dietary supplements for breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114341. [PMID: 36753952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While endocrine therapy is considered as an effective way to treat breast cancer, it still faces many challenges, such as drug resistance and individual discrepancy. Therefore, novel preventive and therapeutic modalities are still in great demand to decrease the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer. Numerous studies suggested that G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a membrane estrogen receptor, is a potential target for breast cancer prevention and treatment. It was also shown that not only endogenous estrogens can activate GPERs, but many phytoestrogens can also function as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) to interact GPERs. In this review, we discussed the possible mechanisms of GPERs pathways and shed a light of developing novel phytoestrogens based dietary supplements against breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Baowen Qi
- South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, No. 1, Fuxin Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518116, P. R. China; BioCangia Inc., 205 Torbay Road, Markham, ON L3R 3W4, Canada
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghe Hu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China.
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32
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Szewczyk AK, Ulutas S, Aktürk T, Al-Hassany L, Börner C, Cernigliaro F, Kodounis M, Lo Cascio S, Mikolajek D, Onan D, Ragaglini C, Ratti S, Rivera-Mancilla E, Tsanoula S, Villino R, Messlinger K, Maassen Van Den Brink A, de Vries T. Prolactin and oxytocin: potential targets for migraine treatment. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:31. [PMID: 36967387 PMCID: PMC10041814 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a severe neurovascular disorder of which the pathophysiology is not yet fully understood. Besides the role of inflammatory mediators that interact with the trigeminovascular system, cyclic fluctuations in sex steroid hormones are involved in the sex dimorphism of migraine attacks. In addition, the pituitary-derived hormone prolactin and the hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin have been reported to play a modulating role in migraine and contribute to its sex-dependent differences. The current narrative review explores the relationship between these two hormones and the pathophysiology of migraine. We describe the physiological role of prolactin and oxytocin, its relationship to migraine and pain, and potential therapies targeting these hormones or their receptors.In summary, oxytocin and prolactin are involved in nociception in opposite ways. Both operate at peripheral and central levels, however, prolactin has a pronociceptive effect, while oxytocin appears to have an antinociceptive effect. Therefore, migraine treatment targeting prolactin should aim to block its effects using prolactin receptor antagonists or monoclonal antibodies specifically acting at migraine-pain related structures. This action should be local in order to avoid a decrease in prolactin levels throughout the body and associated adverse effects. In contrast, treatment targeting oxytocin should enhance its signalling and antinociceptive effects, for example using intranasal administration of oxytocin, or possibly other oxytocin receptor agonists. Interestingly, the prolactin receptor and oxytocin receptor are co-localized with estrogen receptors as well as calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptor, providing a positive perspective on the possibilities for an adequate pharmacological treatment of these nociceptive pathways. Nevertheless, many questions remain to be answered. More particularly, there is insufficient data on the role of sex hormones in men and the correct dosing according to sex differences, hormonal changes and comorbidities. The above remains a major challenge for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Szewczyk
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Samiye Ulutas
- Department of Neurology, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tülin Aktürk
- Department of Neurology, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Linda Al-Hassany
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corinna Börner
- Department of Pediatrics - Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
- LMU Center for Children with Medical Complexity - iSPZ Hauner, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Federica Cernigliaro
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit Department, Pro.M.I.S.E. "G D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michalis Kodounis
- First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Salvatore Lo Cascio
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit Department, Pro.M.I.S.E. "G D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - David Mikolajek
- Department of Neurology, City Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Dilara Onan
- Spine Health Unit, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Ragaglini
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Susanna Ratti
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eduardo Rivera-Mancilla
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Tsanoula
- Department of Neurology, 401 Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rafael Villino
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karl Messlinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antoinette Maassen Van Den Brink
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa de Vries
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Genetics, Treatment, and New Technologies of Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041303. [PMID: 36831644 PMCID: PMC9954687 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The current molecular classification divides breast cancer into four major subtypes, including luminal A, luminal B, HER2-positive, and basal-like, based on receptor gene expression profiling. Luminal A and luminal B are hormone receptor (HR, estrogen, and/or progesterone receptor)-positive and are the most common subtypes, accounting for around 50-60% and 15-20% of the total breast cancer cases, respectively. The drug treatment for HR-positive breast cancer includes endocrine therapy, HER2-targeted therapy (depending on the HER2 status), and chemotherapy (depending on the risk of recurrence). In this review, in addition to classification, we focused on discussing the important aspects of HR-positive breast cancer, including HR structure and signaling, genetics, including epigenetics and gene mutations, gene expression-based assays, the traditional and new drugs for treatment, and novel or new uses of technology in diagnosis and treatment. Particularly, we have summarized the commonly mutated genes and abnormally methylated genes in HR-positive breast cancer and compared four common gene expression-based assays that are used in breast cancer as prognostic and/or predictive tools in detail, including their clinical use, the factors being evaluated, patient demographics, and the scoring systems. All these topic discussions have not been fully described and summarized within other research or review articles.
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Promising Perspectives of the Antiproliferative GPER Inverse Agonist ERα17p in Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040653. [PMID: 36831322 PMCID: PMC9954065 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor α (ERα) corresponds to a large platform in charge of the recruitment of a panel of molecules, including steroids and related heterocyclic derivatives, oligonucleotides, peptides and proteins. Its 295-311 region is particularly targeted by post-translational modifications, suggesting that it could be crucial for the control of transcription. In addition to anionic phospholipids, the ERα 295-311 fragment interacts with Ca2+-calmodulin, the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), ERα and possibly importins. More recently, we have demonstrated that it is prone to interacting with the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). In light of these observations, the pharmacological profile of the corresponding peptide, namely ERα17p, has been explored in breast cancer cells. Remarkably, it exerts apoptosis through GPER and induces a significant decrease (more than 50%) of the size of triple-negative breast tumor xenografts in mice. Herein, we highlight not only the promising therapeutic perspectives in the use of the first peptidic GPER modulator ERα17p, but also the opportunity to modulate GPER for clinical purposes.
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The Co-Expression of Estrogen Receptors ERα, ERβ, and GPER in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033009. [PMID: 36769338 PMCID: PMC9918160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens have important roles in endometrial cancer (EC) and exert biological effects through the classical estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ, and the G-protein-coupled ER, GPER. So far, the co-expression of these three types of ERs has not been studied in EC. We investigated ERα, ERβ, GPER mRNA and protein levels, and their intracellular protein distributions in EC tissue and in adjacent control endometrial tissue. Compared to control endometrial tissue, immunoreactivity for ERα in EC tissue was weaker for nuclei with minor, but unchanged, cytoplasmic staining; mRNA and protein levels showed decreased patterns for ERα in EC tissue. For ERβ, across both tissue types, the immunoreactivity was unchanged for nuclei and cytoplasm, although EC tissues again showed lower mRNA and protein levels compared to adjacent control endometrial tissue. The immunoreactivity of GPER as well as mRNA levels of GPER were unchanged across cancer and control endometrial tissues, while protein levels were lower in EC tissue. Statistically significant correlations of estrogen receptor α (ESR1) versus estrogen receptor β (ESR2) and GPER variant 3,4 versus ESR1 and ESR2 was seen at the mRNA level. At the protein level studied with Western blotting, there was significant correlation of ERα versus GPER, and ERβ versus GPER. While in clinical practice the expression of ERα is routinely tested in EC tissue, ERβ and GPER need to be further studied to examine their potential as prognostic markers, provided that specific and validated antibodies are available.
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Identification of a human estrogen receptor α tetrapeptidic fragment with dual antiproliferative and anti-nociceptive action. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1326. [PMID: 36693877 PMCID: PMC9873809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthetic peptide ERα17p (sequence: PLMIKRSKKNSLALSLT), which corresponds to the 295-311 region of the human estrogen receptor α (ERα), induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. In mice and at low doses, it promotes not only the decrease of the size of xenografted triple-negative human breast tumors, but also anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. Recently, we have shown that these effects were due to its interaction with the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER. Following modeling studies, the C-terminus of this peptide (sequence: NSLALSLT) remains compacted at the entrance of the GPER ligand-binding pocket, whereas its N-terminus (sequence: PLMI) engulfs in the depth of the same pocket. Thus, we have hypothesized that the PLMI motif could support the pharmacological actions of ERα17p. Here, we show that the PLMI peptide is, indeed, responsible for the GPER-dependent antiproliferative and anti-nociceptive effects of ERα17p. By using different biophysical approaches, we demonstrate that the NSLALSLT part of ERα17p is responsible for aggregation. Overall, the tetrapeptide PLMI, which supports the action of the parent peptide ERα17p, should be considered as a hit for the synthesis of new GPER modulators with dual antiproliferative and anti-nociceptive actions. This study highlights also the interest to modulate GPER for the control of pain.
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Chronic GPER activation prompted the proliferation of ileal stem cell in ovariectomized mice depending on Paneth cell-derived Wnt3. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:109-127. [PMID: 36503938 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Menopausal women often face long-term estrogen treatment. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) expressed in intestinal crypt was activated by estrogen therapy, but it was unclear whether chronic GPER activation during menopause had an effect on intestinal stem cells (ISCs). We tested the effect of chronic GPER activation on ISCs of ovariectomized (OVX) mice by injection of the selective GPER agonist G-1 for 28 days, or G-1 stimulation of organoids derived from crypts of OVX mice. G-1 up-regulated crypt depth, the number of Ki67+, bromodeoxyuridine+ cells and Olfm4+ ISCs, and the expression of ISCs marker genes (Lgr5, Olfm4 and Axin2). G-1 administration promoted organoid growth, increased the number of EdU+ cells per organoid and protein expression of Cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 in organoids. After G-1 treatment in vivo or in vitro, Paneth cell-derived Wnt3, Wnt3 effector β-catenin and Wnt target genes c-Myc and Cyclin D1 increased in ileum or organoids. Once blocking the secretion of Wnt3 from Paneth cells, the effects of G-1 on organoids growth, ISCs marker genes and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were abolished. G-1 did not affect the number of Paneth cells in ex vivo organoids, while activated Mmp7/cryptdin program in Paneth cells, promoted their maturation, and increased the expression of lysozyme protein. G-1 pretreatment in OVX mice inhibited radiation-induced ISCs proliferation injury and enhanced the resistance of mice to intestinal injury. In conclusion, chronic GPER activation prompted the Wnt3 synthesis in Paneth cells, thus increased the proliferation of ISCs via activation of Wnt3/β-catenin signaling in OVX mice.
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Johnson CS, Mermelstein PG. The interaction of membrane estradiol receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors in adaptive and maladaptive estradiol-mediated motivated behaviors in females. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 168:33-91. [PMID: 36868633 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors were initially identified as intracellular, ligand-regulated transcription factors that result in genomic change upon ligand binding. However, rapid estrogen receptor signaling initiated outside of the nucleus was also known to occur via mechanisms that were less clear. Recent studies indicate that these traditional receptors, estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β, can also be trafficked to act at the surface membrane. Signaling cascades from these membrane-bound estrogen receptors (mERs) can rapidly alter cellular excitability and gene expression, particularly through the phosphorylation of CREB. A principal mechanism of neuronal mER action has been shown to occur through glutamate-independent transactivation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu), which elicits multiple signaling outcomes. The interaction of mERs with mGlu has been shown to be important in many diverse functions in females, including driving motivated behaviors. Experimental evidence suggests that a large part of estradiol-induced neuroplasticity and motivated behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, occurs through estradiol-dependent mER activation of mGlu. Herein we will review signaling through estrogen receptors, both "classical" nuclear receptors and membrane-bound receptors, as well as estradiol signaling through mGlu. We will focus on how the interactions of these receptors and their downstream signaling cascades are involved in driving motivated behaviors in females, discussing a representative adaptive motivated behavior (reproduction) and maladaptive motivated behavior (addiction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Paul G Mermelstein
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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Tokiwa H, Ueda K, Takimoto E. The emerging role of estrogen's non-nuclear signaling in the cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1127340. [PMID: 37123472 PMCID: PMC10130590 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1127340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism exists in the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which indicates the involvement of sexual hormones in the pathophysiology of CVD. In particular, ample evidence has demonstrated estrogen's protective effect on the cardiovascular system. While estrogen receptors, bound to estrogen, act as a transcription factor which regulates gene expressions by binding to the specific DNA sequence, a subpopulation of estrogen receptors localized at the plasma membrane induces activation of intracellular signaling, called "non-nuclear signaling" or "membrane-initiated steroid signaling of estrogen". Although the precise molecular mechanism of non-nuclear signaling as well as its physiological impact was unclear for a long time, recent development of genetically modified animal models and pathway-selective estrogen receptor stimulant bring new insights into this pathway. We review the published experimental studies on non-nuclear signaling of estrogen, and summarize its role in cardiovascular system, especially focusing on: (1) the molecular mechanism of non-nuclear signaling; (2) the design of genetically modified animals and pathway-selective stimulant of estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tokiwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Correspondence: Eiki Takimoto
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Casarini L, Simoni M. Membrane estrogen receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 123:555-585. [PMID: 37717998 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogens are fundamental to support reproductive functions. Beside the well-known FSH membrane receptor (FSHR), a G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has been found, over the last two decades, in several tissues. It may trigger rapid, non-genomic responses of estradiol, activating proliferative and survival stimuli. The two receptors were co-characterized in the ovary, where they modulate different intracellular signaling cascades, according to the expression level and developmental stage of ovarian follicles. Moreover, they may physically interact to form heteromeric assemblies, suggestive of a new mode of action to regulate FSH-specific signals, and likely determining the follicular fate between atresia and dominance. The knowledge of FSH and estrogen membrane receptors provides a new, deeper level of comprehension of human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Francis AJ, Firth JM, Sanchez-Alonso JL, Gorelik J, MacLeod KT. GPER limits adverse changes to Ca 2+ signalling and arrhythmogenic activity in ovariectomised guinea pig cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1023755. [PMID: 36439245 PMCID: PMC9686394 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1023755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The increased risk of post-menopausal women developing abnormalities of heart function emphasises the requirement to understand the effect of declining oestrogen levels on cardiac electrophysiology and structure, and investigate possible therapeutic targets, namely the G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor 1 (GPER). Methods: Female guinea pigs underwent sham or ovariectomy (OVx) surgeries. Cardiomyocytes were isolated 150-days post-operatively. Membrane structure was assessed using di-8-ANEPPs staining and scanning ion conductance microscopy. Imunnohistochemistry (IHC) determined the localisation of oestrogen receptors. The effect of GPER activation on excitation-contraction coupling mechanisms were assessed using electrophysiological and fluorescence techniques. Downstream signalling proteins were investigated by western blot. Results: IHC staining confirmed the presence of nuclear oestrogen receptors and GPER, the latter prominently localised to the peri-nuclear region and having a clear striated pattern elsewhere in the cells. Following OVx, GPER expression increased and its activation reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude (by 40%) and sarcomere shortening (by 32%). In these cells, GPER activation reduced abnormal spontaneous Ca2+ activity, shortened action potential duration and limited drug-induced early after-depolarisation formation. Conclusion: In an animal species with comparable steroidogenesis and cardiac physiology to humans, we show the expression and localisation of all three oestrogen receptors in cardiac myocytes. We found that following oestrogen withdrawal, GPER expression increased and its activation limited arrhythmogenic behaviours in this low oestrogen state, indicating a potential cardioprotective role of this receptor in post-menopausal women.
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Khan MZI, Uzair M, Nazli A, Chen JZ. An overview on Estrogen receptors signaling and its ligands in breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114658. [PMID: 35964426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen governs the regulations of various pathological and physiological actions throughout the body in both males and females. Generally, 17β-estradiol an endogenous estrogen is responsible for different health problems in pre and postmenopausal women. The major activities of endogenous estrogen are executed by nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ while non-genomic cytoplasmic pathways also govern cell growth and apoptosis. Estrogen accomplished a fundamental role in the formation and progression of breast cancer. In this review, we have hyphenated different studies regarding ERs and a thorough and detailed study of estrogen receptors is presented. This review highlights different aspects of estrogens ranging from receptor types, their isoforms, structures, signaling pathways of ERα, ERβ and GPER along with their crystal structures, pathological roles of ER, ER ligands, and therapeutic strategies to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Adila Nazli
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Hewitt SC, Wu SP, Wang T, Ray M, Brolinson M, Young SL, Spencer TE, DeCherney A, DeMayo FJ. The Estrogen Receptor α Cistrome in Human Endometrium and Epithelial Organoids. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac116. [PMID: 35895287 PMCID: PMC9368022 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial health is affected by molecular processes that underlie estrogen responses. We assessed estrogen regulation of endometrial function by integrating the estrogen receptor α (ESR1) cistromes and transcriptomes of endometrial biopsies taken from the proliferative and mid-secretory phases of the menstrual cycle together with hormonally stimulated endometrial epithelial organoids. The cycle stage-specific ESR1 binding sites were determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing and then integrated with changes in gene expression from RNA sequencing data to infer candidate ESR1 targets in normal endometrium. Genes with ESR1 binding in whole endometrium were enriched for chromatin modification and regulation of cell proliferation. The distribution of ESR1 binding sites in organoids was more distal from gene promoters when compared to primary endometrium and was more similar to the proliferative than the mid-secretory phase ESR1 cistrome. Inferred organoid estrogen/ESR1 candidate target genes affected formation of cellular protrusions and chromatin modification. Comparison of signaling effected by candidate ESR1 target genes in endometrium vs organoids reveals enrichment of both overlapping and distinct responses. Our analysis of the ESR1 cistromes and transcriptomes from endometrium and organoids provides important resources for understanding how estrogen affects endometrial health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia C Hewitt
- Pregnancy & Female Reproduction, RDBL, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - San-pin Wu
- Pregnancy & Female Reproduction, RDBL, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Madhumita Ray
- Pregnancy & Female Reproduction, RDBL, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Marja Brolinson
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, NICHD, Bethesda, Maryland 20847, USA
| | - Steven L Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Alan DeCherney
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, NICHD, Bethesda, Maryland 20847, USA
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Pregnancy & Female Reproduction, RDBL, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Rodríguez-Jaimes SY, Hernández-Hernández GC, Hernández-Aragón LG, Sánchez-García O, Martínez-Gómez M, Cuevas-Romero E, Castelán F. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) levels in pelvic floor muscles and its association with estrogen status in female rabbits. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:748-753. [PMID: 35861367 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2099830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the relative expression of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the bulbospongiosus (Bsm) and pubococcygeus (Pcm) muscles in control, ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX with estradiol benzoate supplementation (OVX + EB) rabbits.Methods: We used tissues from C, 1-month OVX, and OVX plus 15-day EB implanted (OVX + EB) groups. The GPER expression was evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry for both Bsm and Pcm. Results: Both muscles showed a GPER immunoreactivity in blood vessels, inside myofibers next to myonuclei, and in polymorphonuclear cells. Four-week ovariectomy did not modify the GPER expression in the Bsm and Pcm, but two-week estradiol benzoate increased it in the latter muscle alone.Conclusions: We demonstrated that the Bsm and Pcm of female rabbits express GPER. High serum estradiol levels elevate GPER relative expression in the Pcm alone. The present study supports the remarkable estrogen sensitivity of the Pcm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharet Y Rodríguez-Jaimes
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Guadalupe C Hernández-Hernández
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | | | | | - Margarita Martínez-Gómez
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
- Depto. de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Estela Cuevas-Romero
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Francisco Castelán
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
- Depto. de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlaxcala, México
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Musheyev D, Alayev A. Endocrine therapy resistance: what we know and future directions. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:480-496. [PMID: 36071983 PMCID: PMC9446423 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine resistance is a major hurdle in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. When abnormally regulated, molecular signals responsible for cellular proliferation, as well as ER itself, allow for cellular evasion of ER-dependent treatments. Therefore, pharmacological treatments that target these evasion mechanisms are beneficial for the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancers. This review summarizes currently understood molecular signals that contribute to endocrine resistance and their crosstalk that stem from mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) and aberrant ER function. Recent clinical trials that target these molecular signals as a treatment strategy for endocrine-resistant breast cancer are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Musheyev
- Alayev Lab, Stern College for Women, Biology Department, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10174, USA
| | - Anya Alayev
- Alayev Lab, Stern College for Women, Biology Department, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10174, USA
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Xu T, Ma D, Chen S, Tang R, Yang J, Meng C, Feng Y, Liu L, Wang J, Luo H, Yu K. High GPER expression in triple-negative breast cancer is linked to pro-metastatic pathways and predicts poor patient outcomes. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:100. [PMID: 36042244 PMCID: PMC9427744 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive and heterogeneous disease with few effective targeted therapies and precision therapeutic options over a long period. It is generally considered that TNBC is an estrogen-independent breast cancer, while a new estrogen receptor, namely G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), is demonstrated to mediate estrogenic actions in TNBC. Based on our transcriptomic analysis, expression of GPER was correlated with clinicopathological variables and survival of 360 TNBC patients. GPER expression at mRNA level was significantly correlated with immunohistochemistry scoring in 12 randomly chosen samples. According to the cutoff value, 26.4% (95/360) of patients showed high GPER expression and significant correlation with the mRNA subtype of TNBC (P = 0.001), total metastatic events (P = 0.019) and liver metastasis (P = 0.011). In quantitative comparison, GPER abundance is correlated with the high-risk subtype of TNBC. At a median follow-up interval of 67.1 months, a significant trend towards reduced distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (P = 0.014) was found by Kaplan–Meier analysis in patients with high GPER expression. Furthermore, univariate analysis confirmed that GPER was a significant prognostic factor for DMFS in TNBC patients. Besides, high GPER expression was significantly linked to the worse survival in patients with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage III as well as nuclear grade G3 tumors. Transcriptome-based bioinformatics analysis revealed that GPER was linked to pro-metastatic pathways in our cohort. These results may supply new insights into GPER-mediated estrogen carcinogenesis in TNBC, thus providing a potential strategy for endocrine therapy of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianling Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, 70 Heping Road, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Meng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, 2888 Caozhou West Road, Heze, Shandong, 274031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangfen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojun Luo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keda Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Sex Steroid Receptors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis: Insights from Laboratory Studies to Clinical Trials. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071705. [PMID: 35885010 PMCID: PMC9312843 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are reproductive disorders that may cause infertility. The pathology of both diseases has been suggested to be associated with sex steroid hormone receptors, including oestrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PRs) and androgen receptors (ARs). Therefore, with this review, we aim to provide an update on the available knowledge of these receptors and how their interactions contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS and endometriosis. One of the main PCOS-related medical conditions is abnormal folliculogenesis, which is associated with the downregulation of ER and AR expression in the ovaries. In addition, metabolic disorders in PCOS are caused by dysregulation of sex steroid hormone receptor expression. Furthermore, endometriosis is related to the upregulation of ER and the downregulation of PR expression. These receptors may serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of PCOS-related disorders and endometriosis, considering their pathophysiological roles. Receptor agonists may be applied to increase the expression of a specific receptor and treat endometriosis or metabolic disorders. In contrast, receptor antagonist functions to reduce receptor expression and can be used to treat endometriosis and induce ovulation. Understanding PCOS and the pathological roles of endometriosis sex steroid receptors is crucial for developing potential therapeutic strategies to treat infertility in both conditions. Therefore, research should be continued to fill the knowledge gap regarding the subject.
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Born C, Jakob F, Shojaa M, Kohl M, von Stengel S, Kerschan-Schindl K, Lange U, Thomasius F, Kemmler W. Effects of Hormone Therapy and Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Women-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2389-2401. [PMID: 35325147 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is some evidence that an adequate "anabolic hormonal milieu" is essential for the mechanosensitivity/transduction/response of bone tissue. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to determine whether enhancing hormone therapy (HT) with exercise increases the isolated effect of HT on bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). METHODS A comprehensive search of 6 electronic databases according to the PRISMA statement up to April 28, 2021, included controlled trials longer than 6 months with 3 study arms: (a) HT, (b) exercise, and (c) HT plus exercise (HT + E). Apart from HT, no pharmaceutic therapy or diseases with relevant osteoanabolic or osteocatabolic effect on bone metabolism were included. The present analysis was conducted as a random-effects meta-analysis. Outcome measures were standardized mean differences (SMD) for BMD changes at the LS and FN. RESULTS Our search identified 6 eligible studies (n = 585). Although the effect of HT + E was more pronounced in the LS (SMD: 0.19; 95% C,: -0.15 to 0.53) and FN-BMD (0.18; -0.09 to 0.44) compared to the HT group, we did not observe significant differences between the 2 groups. We observed a low (I2: 29%) or moderate (I2: 49%) level of heterogeneity between the trials for FN or LS. CONCLUSION We do not observe a significant effect of HT + E vs HT alone. We largely attribute this result to varying HT supplementation and hormonal status. Bearing in mind that synergistic/additive effects between HT and mechanical stimulation can only be expected in situations of hormonal insufficiency, further clinical studies should consider baseline endogenous estrogen production but also HT dosing more carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Born
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum für Bewegungsforschung, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mahdieh Shojaa
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- University Hospital Tübingen, Institute of Health Science, Department Population-Based Medicine, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, 78056 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Lange
- German Society for Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, 01067 Dresden, Germany
| | - Friederike Thomasius
- Osteology Umbrella Association Germany, Austria ,Switzerland; Frankfurt Center of Bone Health, 60306 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, FAU-Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Mauvais-Jarvis F, Lange CA, Levin ER. Membrane-Initiated Estrogen, Androgen, and Progesterone Receptor Signaling in Health and Disease. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:720-742. [PMID: 34791092 PMCID: PMC9277649 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapid effects of steroid hormones were discovered in the early 1950s, but the subject was dominated in the 1970s by discoveries of estradiol and progesterone stimulating protein synthesis. This led to the paradigm that steroid hormones regulate growth, differentiation, and metabolism via binding a receptor in the nucleus. It took 30 years to appreciate not only that some cellular functions arise solely from membrane-localized steroid receptor (SR) actions, but that rapid sex steroid signaling from membrane-localized SRs is a prerequisite for the phosphorylation, nuclear import, and potentiation of the transcriptional activity of nuclear SR counterparts. Here, we provide a review and update on the current state of knowledge of membrane-initiated estrogen (ER), androgen (AR) and progesterone (PR) receptor signaling, the mechanisms of membrane-associated SR potentiation of their nuclear SR homologues, and the importance of this membrane-nuclear SR collaboration in physiology and disease. We also highlight potential clinical implications of pathway-selective modulation of membrane-associated SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA
| | - Carol A Lange
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ellis R Levin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 90822, USA
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50
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Mast Cell Activation Syndrome in COVID-19 and Female Reproductive Function: Theoretical Background vs. Accumulating Clinical Evidence. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9534163. [PMID: 35785029 PMCID: PMC9242765 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9534163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, can affect almost all systems and organs of the human body, including those responsible for reproductive function in women. The multisystem inflammatory response in COVID-19 shows many analogies with mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), and MCAS may be an important component in the course of COVID-19. Of note, the female sex hormones estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) significantly influence mast cell (MC) behavior. This review presents the importance of MCs and the mediators from their granules in the female reproductive system, including pregnancy, and discusses the mechanism of potential disorders related to MCAS. Then, the available data on COVID-19 in the context of hormonal disorders, the course of endometriosis, female fertility, and the course of pregnancy were compiled to verify intuitively predicted threats. Surprisingly, although COVID-19 hyperinflammation and post-COVID-19 illness may be rooted in MCAS, the available clinical data do not provide grounds for treating this mechanism as significantly increasing the risk of abnormal female reproductive function, including pregnancy. Further studies in the context of post COVID-19 condition (long COVID), where inflammation and a procoagulative state resemble many aspects of MCAS, are needed.
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