1
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Walker BR, Theard LM, Pinto M, Rodriguez-Silva M, Bacman SR, Moraes CT. Restoration of defective oxidative phosphorylation to a subset of neurons prevents mitochondrial encephalopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:2210-2232. [PMID: 39169163 PMCID: PMC11392956 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects can cause severe encephalopathies and no effective treatment exists for these disorders. To assess the ability of gene replacement to prevent disease progression, we subjected two different CNS-deficient mouse models (Ndufs3/complex I or Cox10/complex IV conditional knockouts) to gene therapy. We used retro-orbitally injected AAV-PHP.eB to deliver the missing gene to the CNS of these mice. In both cases, we observed survival extension from 5-6 to more than 15 months, with no detectable disease phenotypes. Likewise, molecular and cellular phenotypes were mostly recovered in the treated mice. Surprisingly, these remarkable phenotypic improvements were achieved with only ~30% of neurons expressing the transgene from the AAV-PHP.eB vector in the conditions used. These findings suggest that neurons lacking OXPHOS are protected by the surrounding neuronal environment and that partial compensation for neuronal OXPHOS loss can have disproportionately positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni R Walker
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Lise-Michelle Theard
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Milena Pinto
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
- Mitobridge Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sandra R Bacman
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.
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2
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Venati SR, Uversky VN. Exploring Intrinsic Disorder in Human Synucleins and Associated Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8399. [PMID: 39125972 PMCID: PMC11313516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we explored the intrinsic disorder status of the three members of the synuclein family of proteins-α-, β-, and γ-synucleins-and showed that although all three human synucleins are highly disordered, the highest levels of disorder are observed in γ-synuclein. Our analysis of the peculiarities of the amino acid sequences and modeled 3D structures of the human synuclein family members revealed that the pathological mutations A30P, E46K, H50Q, A53T, and A53E associated with the early onset of Parkinson's disease caused some increase in the local disorder propensity of human α-synuclein. A comparative sequence-based analysis of the synuclein proteins from various evolutionary distant species and evaluation of their levels of intrinsic disorder using a set of commonly used bioinformatics tools revealed that, irrespective of their origin, all members of the synuclein family analyzed in this study were predicted to be highly disordered proteins, indicating that their intrinsically disordered nature represents an evolutionary conserved and therefore functionally important feature. A detailed functional disorder analysis of the proteins in the interactomes of the human synuclein family members utilizing a set of commonly used disorder analysis tools showed that the human α-synuclein interactome has relatively higher levels of intrinsic disorder as compared with the interactomes of human β- and γ- synucleins and revealed that, relative to the β- and γ-synuclein interactomes, α-synuclein interactors are involved in a much broader spectrum of highly diversified functional pathways. Although proteins interacting with three human synucleins were characterized by highly diversified functionalities, this analysis also revealed that the interactors of three human synucleins were involved in three common functional pathways, such as the synaptic vesicle cycle, serotonergic synapse, and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. Taken together, these observations highlight the critical importance of the intrinsic disorder of human synucleins and their interactors in various neuronal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriya Reddy Venati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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3
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Aishwarya R, Abdullah CS, Remex NS, Bhuiyan MAN, Lu XH, Dhanesha N, Stokes KY, Orr AW, Kevil CG, Bhuiyan MS. Diastolic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease model mice is associated with Aβ-amyloid aggregate formation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16715. [PMID: 39030247 PMCID: PMC11271646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by the deposition of Aβ aggregates or neurofibrillary tangles. AD patients are primarily diagnosed with the concurrent development of several cardiovascular dysfunctions. While few studies have indicated the presence of intramyocardial Aβ aggregates, none of the studies have performed detailed analyses for pathomechanism of cardiac dysfunction in AD patients. This manuscript used aged APPSWE/PS1 Tg and littermate age-matched wildtype (Wt) mice to characterize cardiac dysfunction and analyze associated pathophysiology. Detailed assessment of cardiac functional parameters demonstrated the development of diastolic dysfunction in APPSWE/PS1 Tg hearts compared to Wt hearts. Muscle function evaluation showed functional impairment (decreased exercise tolerance and muscle strength) in APPSWE/PS1 Tg mice. Biochemical and histochemical analysis revealed Aβ aggregate accumulation in APPSWE/PS1 Tg mice myocardium. APPSWE/PS1 Tg mice hearts also demonstrated histopathological remodeling (increased collagen deposition and myocyte cross-sectional area). Additionally, APPSWE/PS1 Tg hearts showed altered mitochondrial dynamics, reduced antioxidant protein levels, and impaired mitochondrial proteostasis compared to Wt mice. APPSWE/PS1 Tg hearts also developed mitochondrial dysfunction with decreased OXPHOS and PDH protein complex expressions, altered ETC complex dynamics, decreased complex activities, and reduced mitochondrial respiration. Our results indicated that Aβ aggregates in APPSWE/PS1 Tg hearts are associated with defects in mitochondrial respiration and complex activities, which may collectively lead to cardiac diastolic dysfunction and myocardial pathological remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Aishwarya
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Chowdhury S Abdullah
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Naznin Sultana Remex
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Mohammad Alfrad Nobel Bhuiyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Informatics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Nirav Dhanesha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Karen Y Stokes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - A Wayne Orr
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Md Shenuarin Bhuiyan
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
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4
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Mitchell W, Goeminne LJE, Tyshkovskiy A, Zhang S, Chen JY, Paulo JA, Pierce KA, Choy AH, Clish CB, Gygi SP, Gladyshev VN. Multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming reveals evidence of cell rejuvenation. eLife 2024; 12:RP90579. [PMID: 38517750 PMCID: PMC10959535 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Partial reprogramming by cyclic short-term expression of Yamanaka factors holds promise for shifting cells to younger states and consequently delaying the onset of many diseases of aging. However, the delivery of transgenes and potential risk of teratoma formation present challenges for in vivo applications. Recent advances include the use of cocktails of compounds to reprogram somatic cells, but the characteristics and mechanisms of partial cellular reprogramming by chemicals remain unclear. Here, we report a multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming in fibroblasts from young and aged mice. We measured the effects of partial chemical reprogramming on the epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, phosphoproteome, and metabolome. At the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome levels, we saw widescale changes induced by this treatment, with the most notable signature being an upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, at the metabolome level, we observed a reduction in the accumulation of aging-related metabolites. Using both transcriptomic and epigenetic clock-based analyses, we show that partial chemical reprogramming reduces the biological age of mouse fibroblasts. We demonstrate that these changes have functional impacts, as evidenced by changes in cellular respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential. Taken together, these results illuminate the potential for chemical reprogramming reagents to rejuvenate aged biological systems and warrant further investigation into adapting these approaches for in vivo age reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Mitchell
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ludger JE Goeminne
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Alexander Tyshkovskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Sirui Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Julie Y Chen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Kerry A Pierce
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | | | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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5
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García-Carrillo R, Molina-Pelayo FA, Zarate-Lopez D, Cabrera-Aguilar A, Ortega-Domínguez B, Domínguez-López M, Chiquete-Félix N, Dagnino-Acosta A, Velasco-Loyden G, Chávez E, Castro-Sánchez L, de Sánchez VC. An adenosine derivative promotes mitochondrial supercomplexes reorganization and restoration of mitochondria structure and bioenergetics in a diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6348. [PMID: 38491051 PMCID: PMC10943223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is associated with dysfunctional mitochondria and bioenergetics impairment. However, no data about the relationship between mitochondrial supercomplexes (hmwSC) formation and ATP production rates in HCC are available. Our group has developed an adenosine derivative, IFC-305, which improves mitochondrial function, and it has been proposed as a therapeutic candidate for HCC. We aimed to determine the role of IFC-305 on both mitochondrial structure and bioenergetics in a sequential cirrhosis-HCC model in rats. Our results showed that IFC-305 administration decreased the number and size of liver tumors, reduced the expression of tumoral markers, and reestablished the typical architecture of the hepatic parenchyma. The livers of treated rats showed a reduction of mitochondria number, recovery of the mtDNA/nDNA ratio, and mitochondrial length. Also, IFC-305 increased cardiolipin and phosphatidylcholine levels and promoted hmwSC reorganization with changes in the expression levels of hmwSC assembly-related genes. IFC-305 in HCC modified the expression of several genes encoding elements of electron transport chain complexes and increased the ATP levels by recovering the complex I, III, and V activity. We propose that IFC-305 restores the mitochondrial bioenergetics in HCC by normalizing the quantity, morphology, and function of mitochondria, possibly as part of its hepatic restorative effect.
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Grants
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- FOP02-2022-02 project 321696 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosendo García-Carrillo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México
| | | | - David Zarate-Lopez
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Aguilar
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Bibiana Ortega-Domínguez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mariana Domínguez-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Natalia Chiquete-Félix
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Adan Dagnino-Acosta
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México
- CONAHCYT-Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México
| | - Gabriela Velasco-Loyden
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Enrique Chávez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Castro-Sánchez
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México.
- CONAHCYT-Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México.
| | - Victoria Chagoya de Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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6
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Marioli C, Muzzi M, Colasuonno F, Fiorucci C, Cicolani N, Petrini S, Bertini E, Tartaglia M, Compagnucci C, Moreno S. Caspase-dependent apoptosis in Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency iPSCs and derived motor neurons. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:54. [PMID: 38278809 PMCID: PMC10817897 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency (RTD) is a rare genetic, childhood-onset disease. This pathology has a relevant neurological involvement, being characterized by motor symptoms, ponto-bulbar paralysis and sensorineural deafness. Such clinical presentation is associated with muscle weakness and motor neuron (MN) degeneration, so that RTD is considered part of the MN disease spectrum. Based on previous findings demonstrating energy dysmetabolism and mitochondrial impairment in RTD induced Pluripotent Stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived MNs, here we address the involvement of intrinsic apoptotic pathways in disease pathogenesis using these patient-specific in vitro models by combined ultrastructural and confocal analyses. We show impaired neuronal survival of RTD iPSCs and MNs. Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB/SEM) documents severe alterations in patients' cells, including deranged mitochondrial ultrastructure, and altered plasma membrane and nuclear organization. Occurrence of aberrantly activated apoptosis is confirmed by immunofluorescence and TUNEL assays. Overall, our work provides evidence of a role played by mitochondrial dysfunction in RTD, and identifies neuronal apoptosis as a contributing event in disease pathogenesis, indicating intrinsic apoptosis pathways as possible relevant targets for more effective therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Marioli
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muzzi
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Neuromolecular Biology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Colasuonno
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Fiorucci
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolò Cicolani
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Neuromolecular Biology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy.
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7
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Mitchell W, Goeminne LJ, Tyshkovskiy A, Zhang S, Chen JY, Paulo JA, Pierce KA, Choy AH, Clish CB, Gygi SP, Gladyshev VN. Multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming reveals evidence of cell rejuvenation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.30.546730. [PMID: 37425825 PMCID: PMC10327104 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.30.546730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Partial reprogramming by cyclic short-term expression of Yamanaka factors holds promise for shifting cells to younger states and consequently delaying the onset of many diseases of aging. However, the delivery of transgenes and potential risk of teratoma formation present challenges for in vivo applications. Recent advances include the use of cocktails of compounds to reprogram somatic cells, but the characteristics and mechanisms of partial cellular reprogramming by chemicals remain unclear. Here, we report a multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming in fibroblasts from young and aged mice. We measured the effects of partial chemical reprogramming on the epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, phosphoproteome, and metabolome. At the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome levels, we saw widescale changes induced by this treatment, with the most notable signature being an upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, at the metabolome level, we observed a reduction in the accumulation of aging-related metabolites. Using both transcriptomic and epigenetic clock-based analyses, we show that partial chemical reprogramming reduces the biological age of mouse fibroblasts. We demonstrate that these changes have functional impacts, as evidenced by changes in cellular respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential. Taken together, these results illuminate the potential for chemical reprogramming reagents to rejuvenate aged biological systems and warrant further investigation into adapting these approaches for in vivo age reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Mitchell
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Ludger J.E. Goeminne
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Alexander Tyshkovskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Sirui Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Julie Y. Chen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Kerry A. Pierce
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 01241 United States
| | - Angelina H. Choy
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 01241 United States
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 01241 United States
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
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8
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Milenkovic D, Misic J, Hevler JF, Molinié T, Chung I, Atanassov I, Li X, Filograna R, Mesaros A, Mourier A, Heck AJR, Hirst J, Larsson NG. Preserved respiratory chain capacity and physiology in mice with profoundly reduced levels of mitochondrial respirasomes. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1799-1813.e7. [PMID: 37633273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian respiratory chain complexes I, III2, and IV (CI, CIII2, and CIV) are critical for cellular bioenergetics and form a stable assembly, the respirasome (CI-CIII2-CIV), that is biochemically and structurally well documented. The role of the respirasome in bioenergetics and the regulation of metabolism is subject to intense debate and is difficult to study because the individual respiratory chain complexes coexist together with high levels of respirasomes. To critically investigate the in vivo role of the respirasome, we generated homozygous knockin mice that have normal levels of respiratory chain complexes but profoundly decreased levels of respirasomes. Surprisingly, the mutant mice are healthy, with preserved respiratory chain capacity and normal exercise performance. Our findings show that high levels of respirasomes are dispensable for maintaining bioenergetics and physiology in mice but raise questions about their alternate functions, such as those relating to the regulation of protein stability and prevention of age-associated protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusanka Milenkovic
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jelena Misic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes F Hevler
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Thibaut Molinié
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Injae Chung
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ilian Atanassov
- Proteomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xinping Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roberta Filograna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- Phenotyping Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnaud Mourier
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Judy Hirst
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Estes S, Dietz ZP, Katju V, Bergthorsson U. Evolutionary codependency: insights into the mitonuclear interaction landscape from experimental and wild Caenorhabditis nematodes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 81:102081. [PMID: 37421904 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Aided by new technologies, the upsurgence of research into mitochondrial genome biology during the past 15 years suggests that we have misunderstood, and perhaps dramatically underestimated, the ongoing biological and evolutionary significance of our long-time symbiotic partner. While we have begun to scratch the surface of several topics, many questions regarding the nature of mutation and selection in the mitochondrial genome, and the nature of its relationship to the nuclear genome, remain unanswered. Although best known for their contributions to studies of developmental and aging biology, Caenorhabditis nematodes are increasingly recognized as excellent model systems to advance understanding in these areas. We review recent discoveries with relevance to mitonuclear coevolution and conflict and offer several fertile areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Estes
- Portland State University, Department of Biology, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Zachary P Dietz
- Portland State University, Department of Biology, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Vaishali Katju
- Uppsala University, Department of Ecology and Genetics, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulfar Bergthorsson
- Uppsala University, Department of Ecology and Genetics, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Sabbir MG, Swanson M, Speth RC, Albensi BC. Hippocampal versus cortical deletion of cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1 in mice differentially affects post-translational modifications and supramolecular assembly of respiratory chain-associated proteins, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and respiration: implications in Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1179252. [PMID: 37293125 PMCID: PMC10246746 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1179252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In a previous retrospective study using postmortem human brain tissues, we demonstrated that loss of Cholinergic Receptor Muscarinic 1 (CHRM1) in the temporal cortex of a subset of Alzheimer's patients was associated with poor survival, whereas similar loss in the hippocampus showed no such association. Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies Alzheimer's pathogenesis. Therefore, to investigate the mechanistic basis of our findings, we evaluated cortical mitochondrial phenotypes in Chrm1 knockout (Chrm1-/-) mice. Cortical Chrm1 loss resulted in reduced respiration, reduced supramolecular assembly of respiratory protein complexes, and caused mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities. These mouse-based findings mechanistically linked cortical CHRM1 loss with poor survival of Alzheimer's patients. However, evaluation of the effect of Chrm1 loss on mouse hippocampal mitochondrial characteristics is necessary to fully understand our retrospective human tissue-based observations. This is the objective of this study. Methods: Enriched hippocampal and cortical mitochondrial fractions (EHMFs/ECMFs, respectively) derived from wild-type and Chrm1-/- mice were used to measure respiration by quantifying real-time oxygen consumption, supramolecular assembly of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-associated proteins by blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, post-translational modifications (PTMs) by isoelectric focusing (IEF), and mitochondrial ultrastructure by electron microscopy. Results: In contrast to our previous observations in Chrm1-/- ECMFs, EHMFs of Chrm1-/- mice significantly increased respiration with a concomitant increase in the supramolecular assembly of OXPHOS-associated proteins, specifically Atp5a and Uqcrc2, with no mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations. IEF of ECMFs and EHMFs from Chrm1-/- mice showed a decrease and an increase, respectively in a negatively charged (pH∼3) fraction of Atp5a relative to the wild-type mice, with a corresponding decrease or increase in the supramolecular assembly of Atp5a and respiration indicating a tissue-specific signaling effect. Discussion: Our findings indicate that loss of Chrm1 in the cortex causes structural, and physiological alterations to mitochondria that compromise neuronal function, whereas Chrm1 loss in the hippocampus may benefit neuronal function by enhancing mitochondrial function. This brain region-specific differential effect of Chrm1 deletion on mitochondrial function supports our human brain region-based findings and Chrm1-/- mouse behavioral phenotypes. Furthermore, our study indicates that Chrm1-mediated brain region-specific differential PTMs of Atp5a may alter complex-V supramolecular assembly which in turn regulates mitochondrial structure-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Golam Sabbir
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Alzo Biosciences Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Barry & Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Mamiko Swanson
- Alzo Biosciences Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
- Barry & Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Robert C. Speth
- Barry & Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Benedict C. Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Barry & Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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11
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Minich DM, Henning M, Darley C, Fahoum M, Schuler CB, Frame J. Reply to Pluta, R. Comment on "Minich et al. Is Melatonin the "Next Vitamin D"?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3934". Nutrients 2023; 15:1507. [PMID: 36986237 PMCID: PMC10053200 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We would like to thank Dr. Pluta for his thoughtful comments [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M. Minich
- Department of Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, University of Western States, Portland, OR 97213, USA
| | - Melanie Henning
- Department of Sports and Performance Psychology, University of the Rockies, Denver, CO 80202, USA
| | - Catherine Darley
- College of Naturopathic Medicine, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Mona Fahoum
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Corey B. Schuler
- School of Nutrition, Sonoran University of Health Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
- Department of Online Education, Northeast College of Health Sciences, Seneca Falls, NY 13148, USA
| | - James Frame
- Natural Health International Pty., Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Symphony Natural Health, Inc., West Valley City, UT 84119, USA
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12
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Therapeutic potential of natural molecules against Alzheimer's disease via SIRT1 modulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114474. [PMID: 36878051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment. Recent studies have shown that regulating silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) expression has a significant neuroprotective effect, and SIRT1 may become a new therapeutic target for AD. Natural molecules are an important source of drug development for use in AD therapy and may regulate a wide range of biological events by regulating SIRT1 as well as other SIRT1-mediated signaling pathways. This review aims to summarize the correlation between SIRT1 and AD and to identify in vivo and in vitro studies investigating the anti-AD properties of natural molecules as modulators of SIRT1 and SIRT1-mediated signaling pathways. A literature search was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and October 2022 using various literature databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and EMBASE. Natural molecules, such as resveratrol, quercetin, icariin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, dihydromyricetin, salidroside, patchouli, sesamin, rhein, ligustilide, tetramethoxyflavanone, 1-theanine, schisandrin, curcumin, betaine, pterostilbene, ampelopsin, schisanhenol, and eriodictyol, have the potential to modulate SIRT1 and SIRT1 signaling pathways, thereby combating AD. The natural molecules modulating SIRT1 discussed in this review provide a potentially novel multi-mechanistic therapeutic strategy for AD. However, future clinical trials need to be conducted to further investigate their beneficial properties and to determine the safety and efficacy of SIRT1 natural activators against AD.
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13
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Attaway AH, Bellar A, Mishra S, Karthikeyan M, Sekar J, Welch N, Musich R, Singh SS, Kumar A, Menon A, King J, Langen R, Webster J, Scheraga R, Rochon K, Mears J, Naga Prasad SV, Hatzoglou M, Chakraborty AA, Dasarathy S. Adaptive exhaustion during prolonged intermittent hypoxia causes dysregulated skeletal muscle protein homeostasis. J Physiol 2023; 601:567-606. [PMID: 36533558 PMCID: PMC10286804 DOI: 10.1113/jp283700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nocturnal hypoxaemia, which is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, is associated with skeletal muscle loss or sarcopenia, which contributes to adverse clinical outcomes. In COPD, we have defined this as prolonged intermittent hypoxia (PIH) because the duration of hypoxia in skeletal muscle occurs through the duration of sleep followed by normoxia during the day, in contrast to recurrent brief hypoxic episodes during obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Adaptive cellular responses to PIH are not known. Responses to PIH induced by three cycles of 8 h hypoxia followed by 16 h normoxia were compared to those during chronic hypoxia (CH) or normoxia for 72 h in murine C2C12 and human inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived differentiated myotubes. RNA sequencing followed by downstream analyses were complemented by experimental validation of responses that included both unique and shared perturbations in ribosomal and mitochondrial function during PIH and CH. A sarcopenic phenotype characterized by decreased myotube diameter and protein synthesis, and increased phosphorylation of eIF2α (Ser51) by eIF2α kinase, and of GCN-2 (general controlled non-derepressed-2), occurred during both PIH and CH. Mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction, disrupted supercomplex assembly, lower activity of Complexes I, III, IV and V, and reduced intermediary metabolite concentrations occurred during PIH and CH. Decreased mitochondrial fission occurred during CH. Physiological relevance was established in skeletal muscle of mice with COPD that had increased phosphorylation of eIF2α, lower protein synthesis and mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction. Molecular and metabolic responses with PIH suggest an adaptive exhaustion with failure to restore homeostasis during normoxia. KEY POINTS: Sarcopenia or skeletal muscle loss is one of the most frequent complications that contributes to mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Unlike chronic hypoxia, prolonged intermittent hypoxia is a frequent, underappreciated and clinically relevant model of hypoxia in patients with COPD. We developed a novel, in vitro myotube model of prolonged intermittent hypoxia with molecular and metabolic perturbations, mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction, and consequent sarcopenic phenotype. In vivo studies in skeletal muscle from a mouse model of COPD shared responses with our myotube model, establishing the pathophysiological relevance of our studies. These data lay the foundation for translational studies in human COPD to target prolonged, nocturnal hypoxaemia to prevent sarcopenia in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Attaway
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Annette Bellar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Manikandan Karthikeyan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jinendiran Sekar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicole Welch
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ryan Musich
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shashi Shekhar Singh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Aishwarya Menon
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jasmine King
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ramon Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Justine Webster
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Rachel Scheraga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kristy Rochon
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jason Mears
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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14
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Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes: From Structure to Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213880. [PMID: 36430359 PMCID: PMC9696846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phospho rylation, the center of cellular metabolism, is pivotal for the energy production in eukaryotes. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation relies on the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which consists of four main enzyme complexes and two mobile electron carriers. Mitochondrial enzyme complexes also assemble into respiratory chain supercomplexes (SCs) through specific interactions. The SCs not only have respiratory functions but also improve the efficiency of electron transfer and reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Impaired assembly of SCs is closely related to various diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, SCs play important roles in improving the efficiency of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, as well as maintaining the homeostasis of cellular metabolism. Here, we review the structure, assembly, and functions of SCs, as well as the relationship between mitochondrial SCs and diseases.
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15
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Bénit P, Goncalves J, El Khoury R, Rak M, Favier J, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Rustin P. Succinate Dehydrogenase, Succinate, and Superoxides: A Genetic, Epigenetic, Metabolic, Environmental Explosive Crossroad. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1788. [PMID: 35892689 PMCID: PMC9394281 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research focused on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and its substrate, succinate, culminated in the 1950s accompanying the rapid development of research dedicated to bioenergetics and intermediary metabolism. This allowed researchers to uncover the implication of SDH in both the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the Krebs cycle. Nowadays, this theme is experiencing a real revival following the discovery of the role of SDH and succinate in a subset of tumors and cancers in humans. The aim of this review is to enlighten the many questions yet unanswered, ranging from fundamental to clinically oriented aspects, up to the danger of the current use of SDH as a target for a subclass of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paule Bénit
- NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; (P.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Judith Goncalves
- Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France; (J.G.); (J.F.)
| | - Riyad El Khoury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Malgorzata Rak
- NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; (P.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Judith Favier
- Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France; (J.G.); (J.F.)
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- Département de Médecine Génomique des Tumeurs et des Cancers, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France;
| | - Pierre Rustin
- NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; (P.B.); (M.R.)
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16
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Vercellino I, Sazanov LA. The assembly, regulation and function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:141-161. [PMID: 34621061 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system is central to cellular metabolism. It comprises five enzymatic complexes and two mobile electron carriers that work in a mitochondrial respiratory chain. By coupling the oxidation of reducing equivalents coming into mitochondria to the generation and subsequent dissipation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, this electron transport chain drives the production of ATP, which is then used as a primary energy carrier in virtually all cellular processes. Minimal perturbations of the respiratory chain activity are linked to diseases; therefore, it is necessary to understand how these complexes are assembled and regulated and how they function. In this Review, we outline the latest assembly models for each individual complex, and we also highlight the recent discoveries indicating that the formation of larger assemblies, known as respiratory supercomplexes, originates from the association of the intermediates of individual complexes. We then discuss how recent cryo-electron microscopy structures have been key to answering open questions on the function of the electron transport chain in mitochondrial respiration and how supercomplexes and other factors, including metabolites, can regulate the activity of the single complexes. When relevant, we discuss how these mechanisms contribute to physiology and outline their deregulation in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Vercellino
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Leonid A Sazanov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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17
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Schneider AM, Özsoy M, Zimmermann FA, Brunner SM, Feichtinger RG, Mayr JA, Kofler B, Neureiter D, Klieser E, Aigner E, Schütz S, Stummer N, Sperl W, Weghuber D. Expression of Oxidative Phosphorylation Complexes and Mitochondrial Mass in Pediatric and Adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9151169. [PMID: 35035669 PMCID: PMC8758306 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9151169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a multifactorial intestinal disorder but its precise etiology remains elusive. As the cells of the intestinal mucosa have high energy demands, mitochondria may play a role in IBD pathogenesis. The present study is aimed at evaluating the expression levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes in IBD. Material and Methods. 286 intestinal biopsy samples from the terminal ileum, ascending colon, and rectum from 124 probands (34 CD, 33 UC, and 57 controls) were stained immunohistochemically for all five OXPHOS complexes and the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 protein (VDAC1 or porin). Expression levels were compared in multivariate models including disease stage (CD and UC compared to controls) and age (pediatric/adult). RESULTS Analysis of the terminal ileum of CD patients revealed a significant reduction of complex II compared to controls, and a trend to lower levels was evident for VDAC1 and the other OXPHOS complexes except complex III. A similar pattern was found in the rectum of UC patients: VDAC1, complex I, complex II, and complex IV were all significantly reduced, and complex III and V showed a trend to lower levels. Reductions were more prominent in older patients compared to pediatric patients and more marked in UC than CD. CONCLUSION A reduced mitochondrial mass is present in UC and CD compared to controls. This is potentially a result of alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis or mitophagy. Reductions were more pronounced in older patients compared to pediatric patients, and more prominent in UC than CD. Complex I and II are more severely compromised than the other OXPHOS complexes. This has potential therapeutic implications, since treatments boosting biogenesis or influencing mitophagy could be beneficial for IBD treatment. Additionally, substances specifically stimulating complex I activity should be tested in IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mihriban Özsoy
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Franz A. Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Susanne M. Brunner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - René G. Feichtinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eckhard Klieser
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elmar Aigner
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schütz
- Department of Mathematics, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nathalie Stummer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sperl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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18
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Lipidomic and Proteomic Alterations Induced by Even and Odd Medium-Chain Fatty Acids on Fibroblasts of Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910556. [PMID: 34638902 PMCID: PMC8508682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (mc-FAs) are currently applied in the treatment of long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (lc-FAOD) characterized by impaired β-oxidation. Here, we performed lipidomic and proteomic analysis in fibroblasts from patients with very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCADD) and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHADD) deficiencies after incubation with heptanoate (C7) and octanoate (C8). Defects of β-oxidation induced striking proteomic alterations, whereas the effect of treatment with mc-FAs was minor. However, mc-FAs induced a remodeling of complex lipids. Especially C7 appeared to act protectively by restoring sphingolipid biosynthesis flux and improving the observed dysregulation of protein homeostasis in LCHADD under control conditions.
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