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Schneider AM, Özsoy M, Zimmermann FA, Brunner SM, Feichtinger RG, Mayr JA, Kofler B, Neureiter D, Klieser E, Aigner E, Schütz S, Stummer N, Sperl W, Weghuber D. Expression of Oxidative Phosphorylation Complexes and Mitochondrial Mass in Pediatric and Adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:9151169. [PMID: 35035669 PMCID: PMC8758306 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9151169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a multifactorial intestinal disorder but its precise etiology remains elusive. As the cells of the intestinal mucosa have high energy demands, mitochondria may play a role in IBD pathogenesis. The present study is aimed at evaluating the expression levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes in IBD. Material and Methods. 286 intestinal biopsy samples from the terminal ileum, ascending colon, and rectum from 124 probands (34 CD, 33 UC, and 57 controls) were stained immunohistochemically for all five OXPHOS complexes and the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 protein (VDAC1 or porin). Expression levels were compared in multivariate models including disease stage (CD and UC compared to controls) and age (pediatric/adult). RESULTS Analysis of the terminal ileum of CD patients revealed a significant reduction of complex II compared to controls, and a trend to lower levels was evident for VDAC1 and the other OXPHOS complexes except complex III. A similar pattern was found in the rectum of UC patients: VDAC1, complex I, complex II, and complex IV were all significantly reduced, and complex III and V showed a trend to lower levels. Reductions were more prominent in older patients compared to pediatric patients and more marked in UC than CD. CONCLUSION A reduced mitochondrial mass is present in UC and CD compared to controls. This is potentially a result of alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis or mitophagy. Reductions were more pronounced in older patients compared to pediatric patients, and more prominent in UC than CD. Complex I and II are more severely compromised than the other OXPHOS complexes. This has potential therapeutic implications, since treatments boosting biogenesis or influencing mitophagy could be beneficial for IBD treatment. Additionally, substances specifically stimulating complex I activity should be tested in IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mihriban Özsoy
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Franz A. Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Susanne M. Brunner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - René G. Feichtinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eckhard Klieser
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elmar Aigner
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schütz
- Department of Mathematics, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nathalie Stummer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sperl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Grebosz-Haring K, Schuchter-Wiegand AK, Feneberg AC, Skoluda N, Nater UM, Schütz S, Thun-Hohenstein L. The Psychological and Biological Impact of "In-Person" vs. "Virtual" Choir Singing in Children and Adolescents: A Pilot Study Before and After the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Austria. Front Psychol 2022; 12:773227. [PMID: 35058843 PMCID: PMC8764148 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.773227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychobiological responses to music have been examined previously in various naturalistic settings in adults. Choir singing seems to be associated with positive psychobiological outcomes in adults. However, evidence on the effectiveness of singing in children and adolescents is sparse. The COVID-19 outbreak is significantly affecting society now and in the future, including how individuals engage with music. The COVID-19 pandemic is occurring at a time when virtual participation in musical experiences such as singing in a virtual choir has become more prevalent. However, it remains unclear whether virtual singing leads to different responses in comparison with in-person singing. We evaluated the psychobiological effects of in-person choral singing (7 weeks, from January to March 2020, before the COVID-19 outbreak) in comparison with the effects of virtual choral singing (7 weeks, from May to July 2020, after schools partly re-opened in Austria) in a naturalistic pilot within-subject study. A group of children and young adolescents (N = 5, age range 10-13, female = 2) from a school in Salzburg, Austria were recruited to take part in the study. Subjective measures (momentary mood, stress) were taken pre- and post-singing sessions once a week. Additionally, salivary biomarkers (cortisol and alpha-amylase) and quantity of social contacts were assessed pre- and post-singing sessions every second week. Psychological stability, self-esteem, emotional competences, and chronic stress levels were measured at the beginning of in-person singing as well as at the beginning and the end of the virtual singing. We observed a positive impact on mood after both in-person and virtual singing. Over time, in-person singing showed a pre-post decrease in salivary cortisol, while virtual singing showed a moderate increase. Moreover, a greater reduction in stress, positive change in calmness, and higher values of social contacts could be observed for the in-person setting compared to the virtual one. In addition, we observed positive changes in psychological stability, maladaptive emotional competences, chronic stress levels, hair cortisol, self-contingency and quality of life. Our preliminary findings suggest that group singing may provide benefits for children and adolescents. In-person singing in particular seems to have a stronger psychobiological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grebosz-Haring
- Department of Musicology and Dance Studies, Faculty of Art History, Musicology and Dance Studies, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Programme Area (Inter)Mediation. Music – Mediation – Context, Interuniversity Institution Knowledge and the Arts, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, University Mozarteum Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna K. Schuchter-Wiegand
- Department of Musicology and Dance Studies, Faculty of Art History, Musicology and Dance Studies, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Programme Area (Inter)Mediation. Music – Mediation – Context, Interuniversity Institution Knowledge and the Arts, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, University Mozarteum Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anja C. Feneberg
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University Research Platform ‘The Stress of Life – Processes and Mechanisms Underlying Everyday Life Stress’, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Skoluda
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University Research Platform ‘The Stress of Life – Processes and Mechanisms Underlying Everyday Life Stress’, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Urs M. Nater
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University Research Platform ‘The Stress of Life – Processes and Mechanisms Underlying Everyday Life Stress’, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schütz
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Leonhard Thun-Hohenstein
- University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Christian-Doppler-Clinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Maruszczak K, Radzikowski K, Schütz S, Mangge H, Bergsten P, Forslund A, Manell H, Pixner T, Ahlström H, Kullberg J, Mörwald K, Weghuber D. Determinants of hyperglucagonemia in pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1004128. [PMID: 36133310 PMCID: PMC9483010 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1004128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over the years, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) disease has progressed to become the most frequent chronic liver disease in children and adolescents. The full pathology is not yet known, but disease progression leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Risk factors included hypercaloric diet, obesity, insulin resistance and genetics. Hyperglucagonemia appears to be a pathophysiological consequence of hepatic steatosis, thus, the hypothesis of the study is that hepatic fat accumulation leads to increased insulin resistance and impaired glucagon metabolism leading to hyperglucagonemia in pediatric NAFLD. METHODS 132 children and adolescents between 10 and 18 years, with varying degrees of obesity, were included in the study. Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) average liver fat was determined, and patients were stratified as NAFLD (>5% liver fat content) and non-NAFLD (<5%). All patients underwent a standardized oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Additionally, anthropometric parameters (height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference) such as lab data including lipid profile (triglycerides, HDL, LDL), liver function parameters (ALT, AST), uric acid, glucose metabolism (fasting insulin and glucagon, HbA1c, glucose 120 min) and indices evaluating insulin resistance (HIRI, SPISE, HOMA-IR, WBISI) were measured. RESULTS Children and adolescents with NAFLD had significantly higher fasting glucagon values compared to the non-NAFLD cohort (p=0.0079). In the NAFLD cohort univariate analysis of fasting glucagon was associated with BMI-SDS (p<0.01), visceral adipose tissue volume (VAT) (p<0.001), average liver fat content (p<0.001), fasting insulin concentration (p<0.001), triglycerides (p<0.001) and HDL (p=0.034). This correlation equally applied to all insulin indices HOMA-IR, WBISI, HIRI (all p<0.001) and SPISE (p<0.002). Multivariate analysis (R² adjusted 0.509) for the same subgroup identified HIRI (p=0.003) and VAT volume (p=0.017) as the best predictors for hyperglucagonemia. Average liver fat content is predictive in pediatric overweight and obesity but not NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with NAFLD have significantly higher fasting plasma glucagon values, which were best predicted by hepatic insulin resistance and visceral adipose tissue, but not average liver fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Maruszczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Konrad Radzikowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schütz
- Department of Mathematics, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- 5Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- 5Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Pixner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Salzkammergutklinikum Voecklabruck, Voecklabruck, Austria
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden & Antaros Medical, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden & Antaros Medical, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Katharina Mörwald
- Department of Pediatrics, Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Daniel Weghuber,
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Furthner D, Anderwald CH, Bergsten P, Forslund A, Kullberg J, Ahlström H, Manell H, Ciba I, Mangge H, Maruszczak K, Koren P, Schütz S, Brunner SM, Schneider AM, Weghuber D, Mörwald K. Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:830012. [PMID: 35185803 PMCID: PMC8848352 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.830012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attenuated insulin-sensitivity (IS) is a central feature of pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We recently developed a new index, single point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE), based on triglycerides, high-density-lipoprotein and body-mass-index (BMI), and validated by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp-test (EHCT) in adolescents. This study aims to assess the performance of SPISE as an estimation of hepatic insulin (in-)sensitivity. Our results introduce SPISE as a novel and inexpensive index of hepatic insulin resistance, superior to established indices in children and adolescents with obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-nine pubertal subjects with obesity (13.5 ± 2.0 years, 59.6% males, overall mean BMI-SDS + 2.8 ± 0.6) were stratified by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) into a NAFLD (>5% liver-fat-content; male n=41, female n=16) and non-NAFLD (≤5%; male n=18, female n=24) group. Obesity was defined according to WHO criteria (> 2 BMI-SDS). EHCT were used to determine IS in a subgroup (n=17). Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC)-curve was performed for diagnostic ability of SPISE, HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), and HIRI (hepatic insulin resistance index), assuming null hypothesis of no difference in area-under-the-curve (AUC) at 0.5. RESULTS SPISE was lower in NAFLD (male: 4.8 ± 1.2, female: 4.5 ± 1.1) than in non-NAFLD group (male 6.0 ± 1.6, female 5.6 ± 1.5; P< 0.05 {95% confidence interval [CI]: male NAFLD 4.5, 5.2; male non-NAFLD 5.2, 6.8; female NAFLD 4.0, 5.1, female non-NAFLD 5.0, 6.2}). In males, ROC-AUC was 0.71 for SPISE (P=0.006, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.87), 0.68 for HOMA-IR (P=0.038, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.88), and 0.50 for HIRI (P=0.543, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.74). In females, ROC-AUC was 0.74 for SPISE (P=0.006), 0.59 for HOMA-IR (P=0.214), and 0.68 for HIRI (P=0.072). The optimal cutoff-level for SPISE between NAFLD and non-NAFLD patients was 5.18 overall (Youden-index: 0.35; sensitivity 0.68%, specificity 0.67%). CONCLUSION SPISE is significantly lower in juvenile patients with obesity-associated NAFLD. Our results suggest that SPISE indicates hepatic IR in pediatric NAFLD patients with sensitivity and specificity superior to established indices of hepatic IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Furthner
- Department of Pediatrics, Salzkammergutklinikum Voecklabruck, Voecklabruck, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian-Heinz Anderwald
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Direction, Arnoldstein Healthcare Centre, Arnoldstein, Austria
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iris Ciba
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Maruszczak
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pia Koren
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schütz
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Susanne Maria Brunner
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Maria Schneider
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Daniel Weghuber,
| | - Katharina Mörwald
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Hofstätter E, Köttstorfer V, Stroicz P, Schütz S, Auer-Hackenberg L, Brandner J, Wald M. Introduction and feeding practices of solid food in preterm infants born in Salzburg! BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:56. [PMID: 33499832 PMCID: PMC7839190 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is shown that meeting the increased nutritional demand of preterm infants from birth is not only important for survival but essentially contributes to the infants` overall development and long-term health. While there are established guidelines for weaning term infants, evidence regarding preterm infants is scarce and less precise. The aim of this study was to identify the current practices on introducing solids to preterm infants amongst caregivers in Salzburg and determine potential reasons for early weaning. Methods Altogether 68 infants born between 24 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks were recruited and detailed structured interviews with the caregivers were conducted at 17 weeks corrected age. Weight, height and head circumference were collected. Results 52% of the study group received solids before the recommended 17 weeks corrected age. For this group the mean age being 13.77 ± 1.11 weeks corrected age. Premature introduction of solids significantly correlates with exclusively and early formula-feeding. 34% were weaned due to recommendation by their paediatrician. 23% of the preterm infants even received solids before 12 weeks corrected age, putting them at risks for developing obesity, celiac disease and diabetes. Conclusions This study shows the necessity for clear guidelines regarding the introduction of complementary feeding in preterm infants as well as the importance of their implementation. Caregivers should receive information on this topic early enough and they should fully understand the difference between chronological and corrected age. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-02505-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Hofstätter
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Köttstorfer
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patricia Stroicz
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Sebastian Schütz
- Department of Mathematics, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lorenz Auer-Hackenberg
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes Brandner
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Wald
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Schütz S, Schachenmayer J, Hagenmüller D, Brennen GK, Volz T, Sandoghdar V, Ebbesen TW, Genes C, Pupillo G. Ensemble-Induced Strong Light-Matter Coupling of a Single Quantum Emitter. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:113602. [PMID: 32242709 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.113602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We discuss a technique to strongly couple a single target quantum emitter to a cavity mode, which is enabled by virtual excitations of a nearby mesoscopic ensemble of emitters. A collective coupling of the latter to both the cavity and the target emitter induces strong photon nonlinearities in addition to polariton formation, in contrast to common schemes for ensemble strong coupling. We demonstrate that strong coupling at the level of a single emitter can be engineered via coherent and dissipative dipolar interactions with the ensemble, and provide realistic parameters for a possible implementation with SiV^{-} defects in diamond. Our scheme can find applications, amongst others, in quantum information processing or in the field of cavity-assisted quantum chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schütz
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and icFRC, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - J Schachenmayer
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and IPCMS (UMR 7504), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - D Hagenmüller
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and icFRC, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G K Brennen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - T Volz
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - V Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T W Ebbesen
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and icFRC, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - C Genes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Pupillo
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and icFRC, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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7
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Mörwald K, Aigner E, Bergsten P, Brunner SM, Forslund A, Kullberg J, Ahlström H, Manell H, Roomp K, Schütz S, Zsoldos F, Renner W, Furthner D, Maruszczak K, Zandanell S, Weghuber D, Mangge H. Serum Ferritin Correlates With Liver Fat in Male Adolescents With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:340. [PMID: 32625166 PMCID: PMC7314945 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) contributes essentially to the burden of obesity and can start in childhood. NAFLD can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The early phase of NAFLD is crucial because during this time the disease is fully reversible. Pediatric NAFLD shows unique features of histology and pathophysiology compared to adults. Changes in serum iron parameters are common in adult NAFLD and have been termed dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome characterized by increased serum ferritin levels and normal transferrin saturation; however, the associations of serum ferritin, inflammation, and liver fat content have been incompletely investigated in children. As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent measure for the degree of liver steatosis, we applied this method herein to clarify the interaction between ferritin and fatty liver in male adolescents. For this study, one hundred fifty male pediatric patients with obesity and who are overweight were included. We studied a subgroup of male patients with (n = 44) and without (n = 18) NAFLD in whom we determined liver fat content, visceral adipose tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue extent with a 1.5T MRI (Philips NL). All patients underwent a standardized oral glucose tolerance test. We measured uric acid, triglycerides, HDL-, LDL-, total cholesterol, liver transaminases, high sensitive CRP (hsCRP), interleukin-6, HbA1c, and insulin. In univariate analysis, ferritin was associated with MRI liver fat, visceral adipose tissue content, hsCRP, AST, ALT, and GGT, while transferrin and soluble transferrin receptor were not associated with ferritin. Multivariate analysis identified hsCRP and liver fat content as independent predictors of serum ferritin in the pediatric male patients. Our data indicate that serum ferritin in male adolescents with obesity is mainly determined by liver fat content and inflammation but not by body iron status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mörwald
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elmar Aigner
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, University Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne M Brunner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, University Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hakan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, University Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, University Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kirsten Roomp
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sebastian Schütz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fanni Zsoldos
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wilfried Renner
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Dieter Furthner
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Salzkammergut-Klinikum, Vöcklabruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Maruszczak
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stephan Zandanell
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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Schneider AM, Weghuber D, Hetzer B, Entenmann A, Müller T, Zimmermann G, Schütz S, Huber WD, Pichler J. Vedolizumab use after failure of TNF-α antagonists in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:140. [PMID: 30219028 PMCID: PMC6139155 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vedolizumab is safe and effective in adult patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC); however, data in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are scarce. Therefore, we evaluated vedolizumab use in a cohort of Austrian paediatric patients with IBD. METHODS Twelve patients (7 female; 7 CD; 5 UC), aged 8-17 years (median, 15 years), with severe IBD who received vedolizumab after tumour necrosis factor α antagonist treatment were retrospectively analysed. Clinical activity scores, relevant laboratory parameters, and auxological measures were obtained at infusion visits. RESULTS In the CD group, 1/7 patient discontinued therapy due to a severe systemic allergic reaction; 1/7 and 2/7 patients achieved complete and partial response, respectively, at week 14; and 3/7 patients discontinued therapy due to a primary non-response or loss of response. In the UC group, complete clinical remission was achieved at weeks 2, 6, and 14 in 2/5, 1/5 and 1/5 patients respectively; partial response was observed in one patient at week 2. CD activity scores did not significantly change from baseline to week 38 (median 47.5 vs. 40 points, p = 1,0), while median UC activity scores changed from 70 to 5 points (p < 0,001). Substantial weight gain and increased albumin and haemoglobin levels were observed in both groups. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that vedolizumab can be an effective treatment for individual paediatric patients with IBD who are unresponsive, intolerant, or experience a loss of efficacy in other therapies. However, vedolizumab appears to be more effective in paediatric UC than in paediatric CD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Benjamin Hetzer
- Departments of Pediatrics, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Andreas Entenmann
- Departments of Pediatrics, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Departments of Pediatrics, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Zimmermann
- Department of Mathematics, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schütz
- Department of Mathematics, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Huber
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Pichler
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Arndt F, Ehlen F, Schütz S, Anlauf H, Nirschl H. Influence of operating parameters and membrane materials on fouling of ceramic hollow fibre membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Xu M, Jäger SB, Schütz S, Cooper J, Morigi G, Holland MJ. Supercooling of Atoms in an Optical Resonator. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:153002. [PMID: 27127966 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate laser cooling of an ensemble of atoms in an optical cavity. We demonstrate that when atomic dipoles are synchronized in the regime of steady-state superradiance, the motion of the atoms may be subject to a giant frictional force leading to potentially very low temperatures. The ultimate temperature limits are determined by a modified atomic linewidth, which can be orders of magnitude smaller than the cavity linewidth. The cooling rate is enhanced by the superradiant emission into the cavity mode allowing reasonable cooling rates even for dipolar transitions with ultranarrow linewidth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Xu
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Simon B Jäger
- Theoretische Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - S Schütz
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J Cooper
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Giovanna Morigi
- Theoretische Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M J Holland
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Arndt F, Roth U, Nirschl H, Schütz S, Guthausen G. New insights into sodium alginate fouling of ceramic hollow fiber membranes by NMR imaging. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Arndt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics; 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - U. Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics; 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - H. Nirschl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics; 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - S. Schütz
- MANN+HUMMEL GmbH; 71636 Ludwigsburg Germany
| | - G. Guthausen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics; 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological Interfaces IBG-4; 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Schütz S, Ehlen F, Unger I, Ebrahimi M, Kerker S, Czermak P. Keramische Hohlfasermembranen und ihre Anwendung bei der Wasser/Öl-Trennung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201450044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bode-Jänisch S, Schütz S, Schmidt A, Tschernig T, Debertin AS, Fieguth A, Hagemeier L, Teske J, Suerbaum S, Klintschar M, Bange FC. Serum procalcitonin levels in the postmortem diagnosis of sepsis. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 226:266-72. [PMID: 23434379 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Procalcitonin is regarded as a valuable marker for sepsis in living persons and even in post-mortem investigations. At the Institute of Legal Medicine, 25 autopsy cases with suspected bacterial infectious diseases or sepsis were examined using the semi-quantitative PCT-Q(®)-test (B.R.A.H.M.S., Germany) in 2010 and 2011. As controls, 75 cadavers were used for which there was no suspicion of a bacterial infectious disease or sepsis. Femoral blood was cultured from the cases and from controls, and samples from the brain, heart, lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys were examined histologically for findings seen in sepsis. Twelve cases in the sepsis/infectious disease group (48%) were classifiable as sepsis following synopsis of PCT levels, autopsy results, and histopathological and microbiological findings. This study shows that the semi-quantitative PCT-Q(®)-test is a useful supplementary marker in routine autopsy investigations, capable of classifying death as due to sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bode-Jänisch
- Hanover Medical School, Institute of Legal Medicine, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hanover, Germany.
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Schütz S, Egger J, Kühl S, Filippi A, Lambrecht J. Intraosseous temperature changes during the use of piezosurgical inserts in vitro. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 41:1338-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Schütz S, Kissling K, Winkler D, Piesche M, Trautmann P, Reyinger J. Charakterisierung von Wasser/Diesel-Emulsionen im Hinblick auf die Wasserabscheidung durch Koaleszenzfiltration. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201050292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Schütz S, Winkler D, Kissling K, Piesche M, Trautmann P, Reyinger J. Simulation von Tropfenoberflächen-Effekten an Filterfasern bei der Trennung von Wasser/Diesel-Emulsionen mit Koaleszenzfiltern. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schütz S, Günther G, Kothe H, Kramme E, Kramer J, Lange C, Rupp J, Dalhoff K. Klinik, Verlauf und Prognose von Pneumocystis-jiroveci Pneumonien bei HIV- und nicht-HIV-infizierten Patienten. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schilling M, Schütz S, Piesche M. Berechnung des Transport- und Abscheideverhaltens von Partikeln an Fasern durch Kopplung von CFD und DEM. CHEM-ING-TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200950482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Piesche M, Zink A, Schütz S. Strömungs- und Trennverhalten von Tellerseparatoren zur Abscheidung von Ölnebelaerosolen, Untersuchungen zum Rotor/Rotor-Konzept. CHEM-ING-TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200800050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Schütz S, Kissling K, Lang T, Winkler C, Piesche M. Numerische Simulation der Dynamik diskreter Tropfen und Blasen in Stokes-Strömungen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200750460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Schütz S, Egbe A, Koch I, Camara O. Prävalenz des sekundären Armlymphödems nach Mammakarzinombehandlung. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Piesche M, Nonnenmacher S, Schütz S. Modelluntersuchungen zur Restentgasung von Kunststoffschmelzen mit gasförmigen Schleppmitteln in einem statischen Entgasungsapparat - 2. Teil: Durchführung und Ergebnisse der Schäumversuche. CHEM-ING-TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200700180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Piesche M, Nonnenmacher S, Schütz S. Modelluntersuchungen zur Restentgasung von Kunststoffschmelzen mit gasförmigen Schleppmitteln in einem statischen Entgasungsapparat – 1. Teil: Modellierung des Wachstums eines geschlossenzelligen Polymerschaums. CHEM-ING-TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200700179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schütz S, Kramer J, Kramme E, Schaaf B, Dalhoff K. Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonie (PcP) – Einfluss der Grunderkrankung auf die Schwere des Krankheitsverlaufes. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schütz S, Schilling M, Piesche M. Bestimmung der Widerstandskraft und des Transportverhaltens kugelförmiger Partikel in Strömungen mit Hilfe moderner CFD-Werkzeuge. CHEM-ING-TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200700080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Schütz S, Piesche M, Gorbach G, Schilling M, Seyfert C, Kopf P, Deuschle T, Sautter N, Popp E, Warth T. CFD in der mechanischen Trenntechnik. CHEM-ING-TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200700109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gorbach G, Schütz S, Piesche M, Veit M, Klein GM, Durst M. Modellierung und Simulation der Emulsionstrennung in Hydrozyklonen durch die Kopplung von Strömungs- und Populationsgleichungen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200700116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ellies M, Schütz S, Quondamatteo F, Laskawi R. Immunohistochemical investigations of the influence of botulinum toxin A on the immunoreactivity of nNOS in the parotid gland of the rat. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 64:397-401. [PMID: 16487800 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2005.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We wanted to prove the hypothesis that local injections of botulinum toxin A have an influence on the immunoreactivity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in parotid glands of adult rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our group carried out immunohistochemical reaction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the parotid gland of female adult Wistar rats, in native (untreated) glands and after intraglandular injection of botulinum toxin A under general anesthesia. The immunoreactivity of nNOS was investigated on different times after injection. RESULTS Compared with the untreated glands, there was a significant decrease of nNOS in the treated organs that became stronger with extended toxin exposure time. After our laboratory in a pilot study had already shown in general a decrease of nNOS immunoreactivity after injection of botulinum toxin A into the cephalic salivary glands of the rat, the present study shows more explicit data on the effect of botulinum toxin A injection on a higher number of examined parotid glands and analyzes a time course of the effect duration. CONCLUSIONS In our study, it was shown that botulinum toxin A had an influence on the immunoreactivity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in parotid glands. Participation of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of secretion from the parotid gland of the rat seems to be likely. It might be assumed that the influence of botulinum toxin A on nNOS in the parotid gland of the rat is able to explain the sometimes longer duration of toxin effect at the neuroglandular junction than at the motor endplate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Ellies
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Göttingen, Germany.
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Dötterl S, Jürgens A, Seifert K, Laube T, Weissbecker B, Schütz S. Nursery pollination by a moth in Silene latifolia: the role of odours in eliciting antennal and behavioural responses. New Phytol 2006; 169:707-18. [PMID: 16441752 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01509.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1970s it has been known that the nursery pollinator Hadena bicruris is attracted to the flowers of its most important host plant, Silene latifolia, by their scent. Here we identified important compounds for attraction of this noctuid moth. Gas chromatographic and electroantennographic methods were used to detect compounds eliciting signals in the antennae of the moth. Electrophysiologically active compounds were tested in wind-tunnel bioassays to foraging naïve moths, and the attractivity of these compounds was compared with that to the natural scent of whole S. latifolia flowers. The antennae of moths detected substances of several classes. Phenylacetaldehyde elicited the strongest signals in the antennae, but lilac aldehydes were the most attractive compounds in wind-tunnel bioassays and attracted 90% of the moths tested, as did the scent of single flowers. Our results show that the most common and abundant floral scent compounds in S. latifolia, lilac aldehydes, attracted most of the moths tested, indicating a specific adaptation of H. bicruris to its host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dötterl
- Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Universtätstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Ellies M, Schütz S, Quondamatteo F, Laskawi R. The effect of local injection of botulinum toxin A on the immunoreactivity of nNOS in the rat submandibular gland: an immunohistochemical study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2006; 70:59-63. [PMID: 16002154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 05/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In our study, we intend to investigate the influence of local injections of botulinum toxin A on the activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in submandibular glands of adult rats. Since interest has been focused on the role of nitric oxide (NO) as a possible neuromodulator of secretory regulation processes in the upper aerodigestive tract, it was the aim of the present study to show that the toxin also interferes with the metabolic actions of NO on investigated rat submandibular glands. It is of great clinical interest whether the NO pathway is able to influence salivary gland secretion. Increasing of knowledge in this field maybe helpful to treat sialorrhoea, especially in juvenile otolaryngologic and neurologic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed immunohistochemical reaction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the submandibular gland of female adult Wistar rats, both in native (untreated) glands and after intraglandular injection of botulinum toxin A under general anesthesia. The immunoreactivity of nNOS was investigated on different times after injection. RESULTS Other than in the untreated glands, there was a significant decrease of nNOS in the treated organs, which became stronger with extended toxin exposure time. The present study shows explicit data on the effect of botulinum toxin A injection on a higher number of examined submandibular glands and is able to analyze a time course of the effect duration. CONCLUSION In our study, it was shown that botulinum toxin A had an influence on the immunoreactivity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in submandibular glands. Therefore, the participation of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of secretion from these organs seems to be evident. It might be assumed that the influence of botulinum toxin A on nNOS in the submandibular gland of the rat is able to explain the sometimes longer duration of toxin effect at the neuroglandular junction than at the motor endplate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Ellies
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch Street 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Piesche M, Breitling M, Schütz S. Zeitliche und räumliche hydrodynamische Instabilitäten feststoffbeladener Flüssigkeitsstrahlen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200500020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schütz S, Bierdel M, Piesche M, Kohlgrüber K. Vermischung hochviskoser Medien– Stand der Forschung und industrielle Bedürfnisse. CHEM-ING-TECH 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200390364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ellies M, Laskawi R, Schütz S, Quondamatteo F. Immunohistochemical evidence of nNOS and changes after intraglandular application of botulinum toxin A in cephalic salivary glands of adult rats. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2003; 65:140-3. [PMID: 12925814 DOI: 10.1159/000072251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2003] [Accepted: 04/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate the possible influence of local injections of botulinum toxin A on the activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in cephalic salivary glands of adult rats. The role of nitric oxide (NO) as a possible neuromodulator of vascular regulation and in particular regulation of secretion in the upper respiratory and aerodigestive tract is discussed. We present immunohistochemical evidence of nNOS in the salivary glands of female adult Wistar rats, both in native (untreated) glands and after intraglandular injection of botulinum toxin A under general anesthesia. Other than in the untreated glands, there was a significant decrease in nNOS in the treated organs which became stronger with extended toxin exposure time. After our laboratory had already shown a decrease in acetylcholinesterase immunoreactivity after injection of botulinum toxin A into the cephalic salivary glands of the rat, the present study discusses a possible participation of NO in the regulation of secretion from these organs. As a conclusion, it might be assumed that the influence of botulinum toxin A on nNOS in the cephalic salivary glands of the rat is able to explain the sometimes longer duration of the toxin effect at the neuroglandular junction than at the motor endplate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Ellies
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, DE-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Schütz S, Piesche M, Issaeva-Wolf A, Shibasaki M. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Tropfenentstehung beim Strahldispergieren im Gegenstromdispergator. CHEM-ING-TECH 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1522-2640(200108)73:8<998::aid-cite998>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Insect-based BioFETs (biologically sensitive field-effect transistors) with improved signal characteristics have been developed. These BioFETs require a specifically adapted signal interfacing between a FET as signal transducer and an intact insect antenna as biocomponent. Therefore, different field-effect transistors have been fabricated in order to study the signal transfer at the bioelectronic interface. As relevant features of the BioFET, its current-voltage characteristics, the transconductance and the signal-to-noise ratio have been investigated as affected by the choice of gate insulator materials and gate dimensions (width-to-length ratio, thickness of the dielectric layers). The performance of the improved FET arrangement in the isolated-antenna BioFET was validated by employing dilution series of the plant odour component Z-3-hexen-1-ol.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schroth
- Institut für Schicht- und Ionentechnik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
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Schütz S, Weißbecker B, Koch U, Hummel H. Detection of volatiles released by diseased potato tubers using a biosensor on the basis of intact insect antennae. Biosens Bioelectron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(98)00092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Corvol P, Schütz S, Gasc JM. Early expression of all components of the renin-angiotensin system in human development. Adv Nephrol Necker Hosp 1999; 28:195-212. [PMID: 9889991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Corvol
- Hopital Broussais, Paris, France
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Abstract
Contemporary reports on surgery for horseshoe kidney (HK) still recommend isthmotomy and lateropexy to complete an open pyeloplasty. To evaluate whether simple Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty without symphysiotomy is effective for relief of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in HK, we studied the records of ten children, two of whom had bilateral UPJO. Only one child presented with calculi; 11 units were operated upon for UPJO, 1 needed a partial nephrectomy. The surgical outcome was evaluated with emphasis on the changes in renal drainage and function assessed by ultrasonography and diuretic renal scans. Associated vesicoureteral reflux was observed more often (25%) than with UPJO in normal kidneys. Obstruction was caused by a crossing lower-pole vessel in three cases, a high ureteral insertion in two and narrowing of the UPJ 7. Postoperative follow-up (mean 5.5 years) revealed improved renal function and good drainage in all cases. Hydronephrosis vanished in 7, whereas grade 2 hydronephrosis remained in two children with former refluxive megaureter and grade 3 in one. All children are doing well and have no symptoms due to the persistent isthmus (Rovsing syndrome). It is concluded that simple Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty via a flank incision is a highly effective and safe procedure for treating UPJO in HK.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schuster
- Kinderchirurgische Klinik im Dr. v. Haunerschen Kinderspital, Klinikum Innenstadt der Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 München, Germany
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Ziegler C, Göpel W, Hämmerle H, Hatt H, Jung G, Laxhuber L, Schmidt HL, Schütz S, Vögtle F, Zell A. Bioelectronic noses: a status report. Part II. Biosens Bioelectron 1998; 13:539-71. [PMID: 9684313 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(97)00093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present state of the art to record or to mimic electronically the human senses of olfaction and taste is characterized. In this part II, strategies are outlined to utilize chemical and biological structures with their different complexities which serve as sensor elements in (bio-) electronic noses. Finally a survey is given on the computer-science aspects of odor recognition based on these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ziegler
- Universität Tübingen, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Tübingen, Germany
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Schwenkmezger P, Asshoff H, Schütz S, Buchhorn S. [Anxiety and stress reaction and its management in ambulatory gastrointestinal endoscopy: is premedication justified?]. Z Gastroenterol 1997; 35:913-20. [PMID: 9432813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study is a contribution to the the question, whether the fear of ambulant gastrointestinal endoscopy generally justifies an anxiolytic premedication. Intensity of the stress reaction (subjective stress reactions, cardiovascular and endocrinological stress parameters), situation-specific determinants and coping behavior were analyzed one week and immediately before and immediately after the diagnostic procedure in N = 135 patients. The results showed significant effects of the procedure on subjective, cardiovascular and endocrinological stress parameters. Furthermore, other stress-eliciting conditions like former experiences with the procedure, behavior of the doctor and the assisting staff, organisational conditions could be identified. All in all, for most of the patients the endoscopy examination was less aversive as reported in the literature. According to our results, the amount of fear and stress reactions cannot justify the risks of an anxiolytic premedication. Only for a small group of patients (about 25%) the question of premedication should be proved individually. These patients can be identified by a questionnaire or by a rough screening of the anxiety level by behavior observation during a preparating anamnesis.
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Schütz S, Weißbecker B, Klein A, Hummel HE. Host Plant Selection of the Colorado Potato Beetle as Influenced by Damage Induced Volatiles of the Potato Plant. Naturwissenschaften 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s001140050381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Schütz S, Le Moullec JM, Corvol P, Gasc JM. Early expression of all the components of the renin-angiotensin-system in human development. Am J Pathol 1996; 149:2067-79. [PMID: 8952539 PMCID: PMC1865336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is not only a potent regulator of blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, but that it also plays an important role in growth and differentiation in development as well as in pathological states. We, therefore, investigated the expression of all components of the RAS in the human embryo and fetus by in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry. This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of all components of the RAS in very early human development (30-35 days of gestation). Angiotensinogen mRNA is expressed in very high amounts in the yolk sac, liver, and kidney, whereas renin mRNA and angiotensin-converting enzyme are expressed in the chorion, kidney, and heart, thus allowing fetal production of angiotensin II. This effector molecule of the RAS mediates its effects through binding to specific receptor types, AT1 and AT2. Both of these receptors are also expressed very early in development (24 days of gestation), suggesting a role for angiotensin II in organogenesis. Based on the expression pattern of these receptors, angiotensin II likely plays a role in the growth and differentiation of the kidney, adrenal gland, heart, and liver, all organs that are of major importance for the regulation of blood pressure later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schütz
- Collège de France, Paris, France
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Abstract
From August 1988 to October 1990, 115 transabdominal placental biopsies were performed in the second (68%) and third trimenon (32%). The main indication (80%) was the detection of pathological ultrasonographic findings (foetal malformation, growth retardation, oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios). The success rate of chorionic villus sampling (89%) was independent of the localisation of the placenta. A definite cytogenetic result was found in 83% of patients. By combination of placental biopsy and amniocentesis (n = 77) karyotyping was successful in 97% of pregnancies. Chromosomal abnormalities were observed in 15 (13%) cases (7 autosomal and 2 gonosomal aneuploidies, 1 unbalanced translocation, 1 autosomal deletion, 4 structural variants). The outcome of the pregnancies was substantially influenced by the indication for the procedure and by the cytogenetic result. Foetal and peri-/neonatal losses were found in 53% (3% spontaneous abortions) of patients with sonographic abnormalities (n = 92) and in 9% (abortion rate 4%) of pregnancies with regular findings (n = 23). The pregnancy loss rates were 37.7% and 5.9%, respectively. The results confirm the clinical significance of placental biopsy in the management of pregnancies with pathological ultrasonographic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Crombach
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universität zu Köln
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