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Ciba I, Dahlbom M, Manell H, Mörwald K, Roomp K, Weghuber D, Bergsten P, Forslund A. Studies in children with obesity in two European treatment centres show a high prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism in the Swedish cohort. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:286-295. [PMID: 37955331 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prevalence and possible risk factors for the development of impaired glucose metabolism in children and adolescents with obesity. METHODS This was a cross-sectional retrospective cohort study, including 634 patients with obesity and 98 normal weight controls aged 4-18 years from the Beta-cell function in Juvenile Diabetes and Obesity (Beta-JUDO) cohort, a dual-centre study at Uppsala University Hospital (Sweden) and Paracelsus Medical University Hospital (Salzburg, Austria) conducted between 2012 and 2021. A longitudinal subgroup analysis, including 188 of these subjects was performed. Impaired glucose metabolism was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance tests according to American Diabetes Association criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism was 72% in Uppsala patients, 24% in Salzburg patients, 30% in Uppsala controls and 13% in Salzburg controls. The prevalence was lower at the follow-up visits compared with baseline both in Uppsala and Salzburg patients. A family history of type 2 diabetes showed the strongest association with impaired glucose metabolism at the follow-up visits besides belonging to the Uppsala cohort. CONCLUSION The prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism was extraordinarily high in Swedish children and adolescents with obesity, but decreased during the follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ciba
- Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Dahlbom
- Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katharina Mörwald
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kirsten Roomp
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Stenlid R, Cerenius SY, Wen Q, Aydin BK, Manell H, Chowdhury A, Kristinsson H, Ciba I, Gjessing ES, Mörwald K, Gomahr J, Heu V, Weghuber D, Forslund A, Bergsten P. Adolescents with obesity treated with exenatide maintain endogenous GLP-1, reduce DPP-4, and improve glycemic control. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1293093. [PMID: 38027106 PMCID: PMC10646558 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1293093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are increasingly used to treat adolescent obesity. However, the effect on endogenous GLP-1 secretory patterns following treatment in adolescents is unknown. The GLP-1RA exenatide was shown to significantly lower BMI and 2-hour glucose in adolescents with obesity, in the placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial Combat-JUDO. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of weekly injections of 2 mg exenatide extended release on secretory patterns of endogenous hormones during OGTT. Subjects and Measurements This study was a pre-planned sub-study of the Combat-JUDO trial, set at the Pediatric clinic at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden and Paracelsus Medical University, Austria. 44 adolescents with obesity were included and randomized 1:1 to treatment:placebo. 19 patients in the treatment group and 18 in the placebo group completed the trial. Before and after treatment, GLP-1, glucose, insulin, glucagon and glicentin levels were measured during OGTT; DPP-4 and proinsulin were measured at fasting. A per-protocol approach was used in the analyses. Results Exenatide treatment did not affect GLP-1 levels during OGTT. Treatment significantly lowered DPP-4, proinsulin and the proinsulin-to-insulin ratio at fasting, increased glicentin levels but did not affect insulin, C-peptide or glucagon levels during OGTT. Conclusion Weekly s.c. injections with 2 mg of exenatide maintains endogenous total GLP-1 levels and lowers circulating DPP-4 levels. This adds an argument in favor of using exenatide in the treatment of pediatric obesity. Clinical trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02794402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Obesity, Uppsala University Children’s Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Y. Cerenius
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Quan Wen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Banu Küçükemre Aydin
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Obesity, Uppsala University Children’s Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Azazul Chowdhury
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Iris Ciba
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Obesity, Uppsala University Children’s Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik S. Gjessing
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katharina Mörwald
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julian Gomahr
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Heu
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Obesity, Uppsala University Children’s Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Obesity, Uppsala University Children’s Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Stenlid R, Cerenius SY, Manell H, Küçükemre Aydin B, Mörwald K, Gomahr J, Höghammar Mitkas M, Eriksson I, Ciba I, Geiersberger S, Thivel D, Weghuber D, Bergsten P, Forslund A. Screening for Inflammatory Markers Identifies IL-18Rα as a Potential Link between Exenatide and Its Anti-Inflammatory Effect: New Results from the Combat-JUDO Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Nutr Metab 2023; 79:522-527. [PMID: 37883939 DOI: 10.1159/000534725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation has also been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, metabolic associated fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor analogs (GLP-1RA) are clinically used to treat obesity, with known anti-inflammatory properties. How the GLP-1RA exenatide effects inflammation in adolescents with obesity is not fully investigated. METHODS Forty-four patients were randomized to receive weekly subcutaneous injections with either 2 mg exenatide or placebo for 6 months. Plasma samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the study, and 92 inflammatory proteins were measured. RESULTS Following treatment with exenatide, 15 out of the 92 proteins were decreased, and one was increased. However, after adjustment for multiple testing, only IL-18Rα was significantly lowered following treatment. CONCLUSIONS Weekly injections with 2 mg of exenatide lowers circulating IL-18Rα in adolescents with obesity, which may be a potential link between exenatide and its anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. This contributes to exenatide's pharmaceutical potential as a treatment for obesity beyond weight control and glucose tolerance, and should be further studied mechanistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,
- Children's Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden,
| | - Sara Y Cerenius
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Children's Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Banu Küçükemre Aydin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katharina Mörwald
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medial University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julian Gomahr
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medial University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marina Höghammar Mitkas
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ida Eriksson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iris Ciba
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Children's Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sabine Geiersberger
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medial University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medial University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Children's Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Children's Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Wen Q, Stenlid R, Chowdhury AI, Ciba I, Aydin B, Cerenius SY, Manell H, Forslund A, Bergsten P. Metformin Can Attenuate Beta-Cell Hypersecretion-Implications for Treatment of Children with Obesity. Metabolites 2023; 13:917. [PMID: 37623862 PMCID: PMC10456302 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In children with obesity, insulin hypersecretion is proposed to precede insulin resistance. We investigated if metformin could be used to attenuate insulin secretion from palmitate-treated isolated islets and its implication for children with obesity. Human islets were exposed to palmitate for 0.5 or 1 day, when metformin was introduced. After culture, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was measured. Children with obesity, who had received metformin for over six months (n = 21, age 13.9 ± 1.8), were retrospectively evaluated. Children were classified as either "reducing" or "increasing" based on the difference between AUC0-120 of insulin during OGTT before and after metformin treatment. In human islets, GSIS increased after culture in palmitate for up to 1 day but declined with continued palmitate exposure. Whereas adding metformin after 1 day of palmitate exposure increased GSIS, adding metformin after 0.5 days reduced GSIS. In children with "reducing" insulin AUC0-120 (n = 9), 2 h glucose and triglycerides decreased after metformin treatment, which was not observed in patients with "increasing" insulin AUC0-120 (n = 12). In isolated islets, metformin attenuated insulin hypersecretion if introduced when islet secretory capacity was maintained. In children with obesity, improved glycemic and lipid levels were accompanied by reduced insulin levels during OGTT after metformin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Overweight Unit, Academic Children’s Hospital, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Azazul Islam Chowdhury
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Iris Ciba
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Overweight Unit, Academic Children’s Hospital, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Banu Aydin
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Sara Y. Cerenius
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Overweight Unit, Academic Children’s Hospital, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Overweight Unit, Academic Children’s Hospital, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Overweight Unit, Academic Children’s Hospital, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
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Stenlid R, Manell H, Seth R, Cerenius SY, Chowdhury A, Roa Cortés C, Nyqvist I, Lundqvist T, Halldin M, Bergsten P. Low Fasting Concentrations of Glucagon in Patients with Very Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Metabolites 2023; 13:780. [PMID: 37512487 PMCID: PMC10386500 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Deficiencies of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) define a subgroup of inborn errors of metabolism, with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD) and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD) being two of the most common. Hypoketotic hypoglycemia is a feared clinical complication and the treatment focuses on avoiding hypoglycemia. In contrast, carnitine uptake deficiency (CUD) is treated as a mild disease without significant effects on FAO. Impaired FAO has experimentally been shown to impair glucagon secretion. Glucagon is an important glucose-mobilizing hormone. If and how glucagon is affected in patients with VLCAD or MCAD remains unknown. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with plasma hormone concentrations quantified after four hours of fasting. Patients with VLCAD (n = 10), MCAD (n = 7) and CUD (n = 6) were included. (3) Results: The groups were similar in age, sex, weight, and height. The glucagon and insulin levels were significantly lower in the VLCAD group compared to the CUD group (p < 0.05, respectively). The patients with CUD had glucagon concentrations similar to the normative data. No significant differences were seen in GLP-1, glicentin, glucose, amino acids, or NEFAs. (4) Conclusions: Low fasting concentrations of glucagon are present in patients with VLCAD and cannot be explained by altered stimuli in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, SE75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rikard Seth
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Y Cerenius
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Azazul Chowdhury
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Camilla Roa Cortés
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Nyqvist
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundqvist
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, SE17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Halldin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, SE17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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Maruszczak K, Radzikowski K, Schütz S, Mangge H, Bergsten P, Forslund A, Manell H, Pixner T, Ahlström H, Kullberg J, Mörwald K, Weghuber D. Determinants of hyperglucagonemia in pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1004128. [PMID: 36133310 PMCID: PMC9483010 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1004128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over the years, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) disease has progressed to become the most frequent chronic liver disease in children and adolescents. The full pathology is not yet known, but disease progression leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Risk factors included hypercaloric diet, obesity, insulin resistance and genetics. Hyperglucagonemia appears to be a pathophysiological consequence of hepatic steatosis, thus, the hypothesis of the study is that hepatic fat accumulation leads to increased insulin resistance and impaired glucagon metabolism leading to hyperglucagonemia in pediatric NAFLD. METHODS 132 children and adolescents between 10 and 18 years, with varying degrees of obesity, were included in the study. Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) average liver fat was determined, and patients were stratified as NAFLD (>5% liver fat content) and non-NAFLD (<5%). All patients underwent a standardized oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Additionally, anthropometric parameters (height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference) such as lab data including lipid profile (triglycerides, HDL, LDL), liver function parameters (ALT, AST), uric acid, glucose metabolism (fasting insulin and glucagon, HbA1c, glucose 120 min) and indices evaluating insulin resistance (HIRI, SPISE, HOMA-IR, WBISI) were measured. RESULTS Children and adolescents with NAFLD had significantly higher fasting glucagon values compared to the non-NAFLD cohort (p=0.0079). In the NAFLD cohort univariate analysis of fasting glucagon was associated with BMI-SDS (p<0.01), visceral adipose tissue volume (VAT) (p<0.001), average liver fat content (p<0.001), fasting insulin concentration (p<0.001), triglycerides (p<0.001) and HDL (p=0.034). This correlation equally applied to all insulin indices HOMA-IR, WBISI, HIRI (all p<0.001) and SPISE (p<0.002). Multivariate analysis (R² adjusted 0.509) for the same subgroup identified HIRI (p=0.003) and VAT volume (p=0.017) as the best predictors for hyperglucagonemia. Average liver fat content is predictive in pediatric overweight and obesity but not NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with NAFLD have significantly higher fasting plasma glucagon values, which were best predicted by hepatic insulin resistance and visceral adipose tissue, but not average liver fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Maruszczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Konrad Radzikowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schütz
- Department of Mathematics, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- 5Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- 5Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Pixner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Salzkammergutklinikum Voecklabruck, Voecklabruck, Austria
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden & Antaros Medical, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden & Antaros Medical, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Katharina Mörwald
- Department of Pediatrics, Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Daniel Weghuber,
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Furthner D, Anderwald CH, Bergsten P, Forslund A, Kullberg J, Ahlström H, Manell H, Ciba I, Mangge H, Maruszczak K, Koren P, Schütz S, Brunner SM, Schneider AM, Weghuber D, Mörwald K. Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:830012. [PMID: 35185803 PMCID: PMC8848352 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.830012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attenuated insulin-sensitivity (IS) is a central feature of pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We recently developed a new index, single point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE), based on triglycerides, high-density-lipoprotein and body-mass-index (BMI), and validated by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp-test (EHCT) in adolescents. This study aims to assess the performance of SPISE as an estimation of hepatic insulin (in-)sensitivity. Our results introduce SPISE as a novel and inexpensive index of hepatic insulin resistance, superior to established indices in children and adolescents with obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-nine pubertal subjects with obesity (13.5 ± 2.0 years, 59.6% males, overall mean BMI-SDS + 2.8 ± 0.6) were stratified by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) into a NAFLD (>5% liver-fat-content; male n=41, female n=16) and non-NAFLD (≤5%; male n=18, female n=24) group. Obesity was defined according to WHO criteria (> 2 BMI-SDS). EHCT were used to determine IS in a subgroup (n=17). Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC)-curve was performed for diagnostic ability of SPISE, HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), and HIRI (hepatic insulin resistance index), assuming null hypothesis of no difference in area-under-the-curve (AUC) at 0.5. RESULTS SPISE was lower in NAFLD (male: 4.8 ± 1.2, female: 4.5 ± 1.1) than in non-NAFLD group (male 6.0 ± 1.6, female 5.6 ± 1.5; P< 0.05 {95% confidence interval [CI]: male NAFLD 4.5, 5.2; male non-NAFLD 5.2, 6.8; female NAFLD 4.0, 5.1, female non-NAFLD 5.0, 6.2}). In males, ROC-AUC was 0.71 for SPISE (P=0.006, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.87), 0.68 for HOMA-IR (P=0.038, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.88), and 0.50 for HIRI (P=0.543, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.74). In females, ROC-AUC was 0.74 for SPISE (P=0.006), 0.59 for HOMA-IR (P=0.214), and 0.68 for HIRI (P=0.072). The optimal cutoff-level for SPISE between NAFLD and non-NAFLD patients was 5.18 overall (Youden-index: 0.35; sensitivity 0.68%, specificity 0.67%). CONCLUSION SPISE is significantly lower in juvenile patients with obesity-associated NAFLD. Our results suggest that SPISE indicates hepatic IR in pediatric NAFLD patients with sensitivity and specificity superior to established indices of hepatic IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Furthner
- Department of Pediatrics, Salzkammergutklinikum Voecklabruck, Voecklabruck, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian-Heinz Anderwald
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Direction, Arnoldstein Healthcare Centre, Arnoldstein, Austria
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iris Ciba
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Maruszczak
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pia Koren
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schütz
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Susanne Maria Brunner
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Maria Schneider
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Daniel Weghuber,
| | - Katharina Mörwald
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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8
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Stenlid R, Olsson D, Cen J, Manell H, Haglind C, Chowdhury AI, Bergsten P, Nordenström A, Halldin M. Altered mitochondrial metabolism in peripheral blood cells from patients with inborn errors of β-oxidation. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 15:182-194. [PMID: 34437764 PMCID: PMC8742636 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO), such as medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD) and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD) affects cellular function and whole-body metabolism. Carnitine uptake deficiency (CUD) disturbs the transportation of fatty acids into the mitochondria, but when treated is a mild disease without significant effects on FAO. For improved clinical care of VLCAD in particular, estimation of FAO severity could be important. We have investigated whether the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from patients with MCAD, VLCAD, and CUD can be used to study cellular metabolism in patients with FAO defects and to determine the severity of FAO impairment. PBMCs were isolated from patients with VLCAD (n = 9), MCAD (n = 5-7), and CUD (n = 5). OCR was measured within 6-hours of venous puncture using the Seahorse XFe96. The PBMCs were exposed to glucose alone or with caprylic acid (C8:0) or palmitic acid (C16:0). OCR was significantly lower in cells from patients with β-oxidation deficiencies (MCAD and VLCAD) compared to CUD at basal conditions. When exposed to C16:0, OCR in VLCAD cells was unchanged, whereas OCR in MCAD cells increased but not to the levels observed in CUD. However, C8:0 did not increase OCR, as would be expected, in VLCAD cells. There was no clear relationship between clinical severity level and OCR. In patients with β-oxidation deficiencies, changes of mitochondrial respiration in PBMCs are detectable, which indicate that PBMCs have translational potential for studies of β-oxidation defects. However, further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Olsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jing Cen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Haglind
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nordenström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria Halldin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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9
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Weghuber D, Forslund A, Ahlström H, Alderborn A, Bergström K, Brunner S, Cadamuro J, Ciba I, Dahlbom M, Heu V, Hofmann J, Kristinsson H, Kullberg J, Ladinger A, Lagler FB, Lidström M, Manell H, Meirik M, Mörwald K, Roomp K, Schneider R, Vilén H, Widhalm K, Zsoldos F, Bergsten P. A 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of weekly exenatide in adolescents with obesity. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12624. [PMID: 32062862 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological treatment options for adolescents with obesity are very limited. Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist could be a treatment option for adolescent obesity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of exenatide extended release on body mass index (BMI)-SDS as primary outcome, and glucose metabolism, cardiometabolic risk factors, liver steatosis, and other BMI metrics as secondary outcomes, and its safety and tolerability in adolescents with obesity. METHODS Six-month, randomized, double-blinded, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients (n = 44, 10-18 years, females n = 22) with BMI-SDS > 2.0 or age-adapted-BMI > 30 kg/m2 according to WHO were included. Patients received lifestyle intervention and were randomized to exenatide extended release 2 mg (n = 22) or placebo (n = 22) subcutaneous injections given once weekly. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were conducted at the beginning and end of the intervention. RESULTS Exenatide reduced (P < .05) BMI-SDS (-0.09; -0.18, 0.00), % BMI 95th percentile (-2.9%; -5.4, -0.3), weight (-3 kg; -5.8, -0.1), waist circumference (-3.2 cm; -5.8, -0.7), subcutaneous adipose tissue (-552 cm3 ; -989, -114), 2-hour-glucose during OGTT (-15.3 mg/dL; -27.5, -3.1), total cholesterol (11.6 mg/dL; -21.7, -1.5), and BMI (-0.83 kg/m2 ; -1.68, 0.01) without significant change in liver fat content (-1.36; -3.12, 0.4; P = .06) in comparison to placebo. Safety and tolerability profiles were comparable to placebo with the exception of mild adverse events being more frequent in exenatide-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of adolescents with severe obesity with extended-release exenatide is generally well tolerated and leads to a modest reduction in BMI metrics and improvement in glucose tolerance and cholesterol. The study indicates that the treatment provides additional beneficial effects beyond BMI reduction for the patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Weghuber
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Forslund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Children Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Ahlström
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - A Alderborn
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - S Brunner
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J Cadamuro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - I Ciba
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Children Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Dahlbom
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Children Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - V Heu
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J Hofmann
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H Kristinsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Kullberg
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - A Ladinger
- Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - F B Lagler
- Clinical Research Center Salzburg GmbH, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Lidström
- Children Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Manell
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Meirik
- Children Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Mörwald
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - K Roomp
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - R Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - H Vilén
- Children Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Widhalm
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Dept. Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - F Zsoldos
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - P Bergsten
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Children Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Mörwald K, Aigner E, Bergsten P, Brunner SM, Forslund A, Kullberg J, Ahlström H, Manell H, Roomp K, Schütz S, Zsoldos F, Renner W, Furthner D, Maruszczak K, Zandanell S, Weghuber D, Mangge H. Serum Ferritin Correlates With Liver Fat in Male Adolescents With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:340. [PMID: 32625166 PMCID: PMC7314945 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) contributes essentially to the burden of obesity and can start in childhood. NAFLD can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The early phase of NAFLD is crucial because during this time the disease is fully reversible. Pediatric NAFLD shows unique features of histology and pathophysiology compared to adults. Changes in serum iron parameters are common in adult NAFLD and have been termed dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome characterized by increased serum ferritin levels and normal transferrin saturation; however, the associations of serum ferritin, inflammation, and liver fat content have been incompletely investigated in children. As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent measure for the degree of liver steatosis, we applied this method herein to clarify the interaction between ferritin and fatty liver in male adolescents. For this study, one hundred fifty male pediatric patients with obesity and who are overweight were included. We studied a subgroup of male patients with (n = 44) and without (n = 18) NAFLD in whom we determined liver fat content, visceral adipose tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue extent with a 1.5T MRI (Philips NL). All patients underwent a standardized oral glucose tolerance test. We measured uric acid, triglycerides, HDL-, LDL-, total cholesterol, liver transaminases, high sensitive CRP (hsCRP), interleukin-6, HbA1c, and insulin. In univariate analysis, ferritin was associated with MRI liver fat, visceral adipose tissue content, hsCRP, AST, ALT, and GGT, while transferrin and soluble transferrin receptor were not associated with ferritin. Multivariate analysis identified hsCRP and liver fat content as independent predictors of serum ferritin in the pediatric male patients. Our data indicate that serum ferritin in male adolescents with obesity is mainly determined by liver fat content and inflammation but not by body iron status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mörwald
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elmar Aigner
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, University Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne M Brunner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, University Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hakan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, University Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, University Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kirsten Roomp
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sebastian Schütz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fanni Zsoldos
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wilfried Renner
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Dieter Furthner
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Salzkammergut-Klinikum, Vöcklabruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Maruszczak
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stephan Zandanell
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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11
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Manell H, Kristinsson H, Kullberg J, Ubhayasekera SJK, Mörwald K, Staaf J, Cadamuro J, Zsoldos F, Göpel S, Sargsyan E, Ahlström H, Bergquist J, Weghuber D, Forslund A, Bergsten P. Hyperglucagonemia in youth is associated with high plasma free fatty acids, visceral adiposity, and impaired glucose tolerance. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:880-891. [PMID: 31271247 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate potential mechanisms for fasting hyperglucagonemia in childhood obesity by studying the associations between fasting plasma glucagon concentrations and plasma lipid parameters and fat compartments. METHODS Cross-sectional study of children and adolescents with obesity (n = 147) and lean controls (n = 43). Differences in free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides, insulin, and fat compartments (quantified by magnetic resonance imaging) across quartiles of fasting plasma glucagon concentration were analyzed. Differences in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucagon response was tested in high vs low FFAs, triglycerides, and insulin. Human islets of Langerhans were cultured at 5.5 mmol/L glucose and in the absence or presence of a FFA mixture with total FFA concentration of 0.5 mmol/L and glucagon secretion quantified. RESULTS In children with obesity, the quartile with the highest fasting glucagon had higher insulin (201 ± 174 vs 83 ± 39 pmol/L, P < .01), FFAs (383 ± 52 vs 338 ± 109 μmol/L, P = .02), triglycerides (1.5 ± 0.9 vs 1.0 ± 0.7 mmol/L, P < .01), visceral adipose tissue volume (1.9 ± 0.8 vs 1.2 ± 0.3 dm3 , P < .001), and a higher prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; 41% vs 8%, P = .01) than the lowest quartile. During OGTT, children with obesity and high insulin had a worse suppression of glucagon during the first 10 minutes after glucose intake. Glucagon secretion was 2.6-fold higher in islets treated with FFAs than in those not treated with FFAs. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglucagonemia in childhood obesity is associated with hyperinsulinemia, high plasma FFAs, high plasma triglycerides, visceral adiposity, and IGT. The glucagonotropic effect of FFAs on isolated human islets provides a potential mechanism linking high fasting plasma FFAs and glucagon levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Katharina Mörwald
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johan Staaf
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janne Cadamuro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fanni Zsoldos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sven Göpel
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (CVMD), Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit (iMed), AstraZeneca AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ernest Sargsyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry & Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Lundström E, Ljungberg J, Andersson J, Manell H, Strand R, Forslund A, Bergsten P, Weghuber D, Mörwald K, Zsoldos F, Widhalm K, Meissnitzer M, Ahlström H, Kullberg J. Brown adipose tissue estimated with the magnetic resonance imaging fat fraction is associated with glucose metabolism in adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12531. [PMID: 31290284 PMCID: PMC6771901 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite therapeutic potential against obesity and diabetes, the associations of brown adipose tissue (BAT) with glucose metabolism in young humans are relatively unexplored. OBJECTIVES To investigate possible associations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) estimates of BAT and glucose metabolism, whilst considering sex, age, and adiposity, in adolescents with normal and overweight/obese phenotypes. METHODS In 143 subjects (10-20 years), MRI estimates of BAT were assessed as cervical-supraclavicular adipose tissue (sBAT) fat fraction (FF) and T2* from water-fat MRI. FF and T2* of neighbouring subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were also assessed. Adiposity was estimated with a standardized body mass index, the waist-to-height ratio, and abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes. Glucose metabolism was represented by the 2h plasma glucose concentration, the Matsuda index, the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and the oral disposition index; obtained from oral glucose tolerance tests. RESULTS sBAT FF and T2* correlated positively with adiposity before and after adjustment for sex and age. sBAT FF, but not T2* , correlated with 2h glucose and Matsuda index, also after adjustment for sex, age, and adiposity. The association with 2h glucose persisted after additional adjustment for SAT FF. CONCLUSIONS The association between sBAT FF and 2h glucose, observed independently of sex, age, adiposity, and SAT FF, indicates a role for BAT in glucose metabolism, which potentially could influence the risk of developing diabetes. The lacking association with sBAT T2* might be due to FF being a superior biomarker for BAT and/or to methodological limitations in the T2* quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Lundström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of RadiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Joy Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of RadiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Jonathan Andersson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of RadiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Children Obesity ClinicUppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden,Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Robin Strand
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of RadiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Department of Information TechnologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Children Obesity ClinicUppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Children Obesity ClinicUppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden,Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of PediatricsParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Obesity Research UnitParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Katharina Mörwald
- Department of PediatricsParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Obesity Research UnitParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Fanni Zsoldos
- Department of PediatricsParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Obesity Research UnitParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department of PediatricsParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Obesity Research UnitParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Department of PediatricsMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of RadiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Antaros MedicalBioVenture HubMölndalSweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of RadiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Antaros MedicalBioVenture HubMölndalSweden
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13
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Stenlid R, Manell H, Halldin M, Kullberg J, Ahlström H, Manukyan L, Weghuber D, Paulmichl K, Zsoldos F, Bergsten P, Forslund A. High DPP-4 Concentrations in Adolescents Are Associated With Low Intact GLP-1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2958-2966. [PMID: 29850829 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) metabolizes glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and increased DPP4 levels are associated with obesity and visceral adiposity in adults. OBJECTIVE Investigating DPP-4 levels in adolescents and their association with (1) circulating intact GLP-1 levels and glucose tolerance; (2) body mass index (BMI); and (3) visceral, subcutaneous, and liver fat compartments. DESIGN Cross-sectional study, July 2012 to April 2015. SETTING Pediatric obesity clinic, Uppsala University Hospital. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS Children and adolescents with obesity (n = 59) and lean controls (n = 21) aged 8 to 18 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BMI SD score, fasting plasma concentrations of DPP-4, total and intact GLP-1, fasting and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) concentrations of glucose, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes and liver fat fraction. RESULTS Plasma DPP-4 levels decreased with age in both obese (41 ng/mL per year) and lean subjects (48 ng/mL per year). Plasma DPP-4 levels were higher in males in both the obesity and lean groups. With adjustments for age and sex, plasma DPP-4 level was negatively associated with intact GLP-1 at fasting (β = -12.3; 95% CI: -22.9, -1.8) and during OGTT (β = -12.1; 95% CI: -22.5, -1.7). No associations were found between DPP-4 and plasma glucose levels measured at fasting or after a 2-hour OGTT. Plasma DPP-4 level was 19% higher in obese subjects. Among adipose tissue compartments, the strongest association was with VAT (β = 0.05; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.12). CONCLUSIONS In adolescents, high plasma DPP-4 concentrations were associated with low proportions of intact GLP-1, high BMI, young age, and male sex. The observed associations are compatible with increased metabolism of GLP-1 in childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Halldin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Levon Manukyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Paulmichl
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fanni Zsoldos
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Kristinsson H, Sargsyan E, Manell H, Smith DM, Göpel SO, Bergsten P. Basal hypersecretion of glucagon and insulin from palmitate-exposed human islets depends on FFAR1 but not decreased somatostatin secretion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4657. [PMID: 28680093 PMCID: PMC5498543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity fasting levels of both glucagon and insulin are elevated. In these subjects fasting levels of the free fatty acid palmitate are raised. We have demonstrated that palmitate enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated human islets via free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1/GPR40). Since FFAR1 is also present on glucagon-secreting alpha-cells, we hypothesized that palmitate simultaneously stimulates secretion of glucagon and insulin at fasting glucose concentrations. In addition, we hypothesized that concomitant hypersecretion of glucagon and insulin was also contributed by reduced somatostatin secretion. We found basal glucagon, insulin and somatostatin secretion and respiration from human islets, to be enhanced during palmitate treatment at normoglycemia. Secretion of all hormones and mitochondrial respiration were lowered when FFAR1 or fatty acid β-oxidation was inhibited. The findings were confirmed in the human beta-cell line EndoC-βH1. We conclude that fatty acids enhance both glucagon and insulin secretion at fasting glucose concentrations and that FFAR1 and enhanced mitochondrial metabolism but not lowered somatostatin secretion are crucial in this effect. The ability of chronically elevated palmitate levels to simultaneously increase basal secretion of glucagon and insulin positions elevated levels of fatty acids as potential triggering factors for the development of obesity and impaired glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kristinsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - E Sargsyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D M Smith
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - S O Göpel
- AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, CVMD Bioscience, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Roomp K, Kristinsson H, Schvartz D, Ubhayasekera K, Sargsyan E, Manukyan L, Chowdhury A, Manell H, Satagopam V, Groebe K, Schneider R, Bergquist J, Sanchez JC, Bergsten P. Combined lipidomic and proteomic analysis of isolated human islets exposed to palmitate reveals time-dependent changes in insulin secretion and lipid metabolism. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176391. [PMID: 28448538 PMCID: PMC5407795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have linked the accumulation of lipid metabolites to the development of beta-cell dysfunction and impaired insulin secretion. In most in vitro models of T2DM, rodent islets or beta-cell lines are used and typically focus is on specific cellular pathways or organs. Our aim was to, firstly, develop a combined lipidomics and proteomics approach for lipotoxicity in isolated human islets and, secondly, investigate if the approach could delineate novel and/ or confirm reported mechanisms of lipotoxicity. To this end isolated human pancreatic islets, exposed to chronically elevated palmitate concentrations for 0, 2 and 7 days, were functionally characterized and their levels of multiple targeted lipid and untargeted protein species determined. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from the islets increased on day 2 and decreased on day 7. At day 7 islet insulin content decreased and the proinsulin to insulin content ratio doubled. Amounts of cholesterol, stearic acid, C16 dihydroceramide and C24:1 sphingomyelin, obtained from the lipidomic screen, increased time-dependently in the palmitate-exposed islets. The proteomic screen identified matching changes in proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis indicating up-regulated cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis in the islets. Furthermore, proteins associated with immature secretory granules were decreased when palmitate exposure time was increased despite their high affinity for cholesterol. Proteins associated with mature secretory granules remained unchanged. Pathway analysis based on the protein and lipid expression profiles implicated autocrine effects of insulin in lipotoxicity. Taken together the study demonstrates that combining different omics approaches has potential in mapping of multiple simultaneous cellular events. However, it also shows that challenges exist for effectively combining lipidomics and proteomics in primary cells. Our findings provide insight into how saturated fatty acids contribute to islet cell dysfunction by affecting the granule maturation process and confirmation in human islets of some previous findings from rodent islet and cell-line studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Roomp
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Domitille Schvartz
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kumari Ubhayasekera
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ernest Sargsyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Levon Manukyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Azazul Chowdhury
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Venkata Satagopam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | | | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Paulmichl K, Hatunic M, Højlund K, Jotic A, Krebs M, Mitrakou A, Porcellati F, Tura A, Bergsten P, Forslund A, Manell H, Widhalm K, Weghuber D, Anderwald CH. Modification and Validation of the Triglyceride-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio as a Surrogate of Insulin Sensitivity in White Juveniles and Adults without Diabetes Mellitus: The Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE). Clin Chem 2016; 62:1211-9. [PMID: 27471037 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.257436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio was introduced as a tool to estimate insulin resistance, because circulating lipid measurements are available in routine settings. Insulin, C-peptide, and free fatty acids are components of other insulin-sensitivity indices but their measurement is expensive. Easier and more affordable tools are of interest for both pediatric and adult patients. METHODS Study participants from the Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease [43.9 (8.3) years, n = 1260] as well as the Beta-Cell Function in Juvenile Diabetes and Obesity study cohorts [15 (1.9) years, n = 29] underwent oral-glucose-tolerance tests and euglycemic clamp tests for estimation of whole-body insulin sensitivity and calculation of insulin sensitivity indices. To refine the TG/HDL ratio, mathematical modeling was applied including body mass index (BMI), fasting TG, and HDL cholesterol and compared to the clamp-derived M-value as an estimate of insulin sensitivity. Each modeling result was scored by identifying insulin resistance and correlation coefficient. The Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) was compared to traditional insulin sensitivity indices using area under the ROC curve (aROC) analysis and χ(2) test. RESULTS The novel formula for SPISE was computed as follows: SPISE = 600 × HDL-C(0.185)/(TG(0.2) × BMI(1.338)), with fasting HDL-C (mg/dL), fasting TG concentrations (mg/dL), and BMI (kg/m(2)). A cutoff value of 6.61 corresponds to an M-value smaller than 4.7 mg · kg(-1) · min(-1) (aROC, M:0.797). SPISE showed a significantly better aROC than the TG/HDL-C ratio. SPISE aROC was comparable to the Matsuda ISI (insulin sensitivity index) and equal to the QUICKI (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance) when calculated with M-values. CONCLUSIONS The SPISE seems well suited to surrogate whole-body insulin sensitivity from inexpensive fasting single-point blood draw and BMI in white adolescents and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Paulmichl
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mensud Hatunic
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Research and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aleksandra Jotic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michael Krebs
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
| | - Asimina Mitrakou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Andrea Tura
- Metabolic Unit, CNR Institute of Neuroscience (IN-CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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17
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Manell H, Staaf J, Manukyan L, Kristinsson H, Cen J, Stenlid R, Ciba I, Forslund A, Bergsten P. Altered Plasma Levels of Glucagon, GLP-1 and Glicentin During OGTT in Adolescents With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1181-9. [PMID: 26745255 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Proglucagon-derived hormones are important for glucose metabolism, but little is known about them in pediatric obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE Fasting and postprandial levels of proglucagon-derived peptides glucagon, GLP-1, and glicentin in adolescents with obesity across the glucose tolerance spectrum were investigated. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study with plasma hormone levels quantified at fasting and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). SETTING This study took place in a pediatric obesity clinic at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS Adolescents with obesity, age 10-18 years, with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 23), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 19), or T2DM (n = 4) and age-matched lean adolescents (n = 19) were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcome measures were fasting and OGTT plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, active GLP-1, and glicentin. RESULTS Adolescents with obesity and IGT had lower fasting GLP-1 and glicentin levels than those with NGT (0.25 vs 0.53 pM, P < .05; 18.2 vs 23.6 pM, P < .01) and adolescents with obesity and T2DM had higher fasting glucagon levels (18.1 vs 10.1 pM, P < .01) than those with NGT. During OGTT, glicentin/glucagon ratios were lower in adolescents with obesity and NGT than in lean adolescents (P < .01) and even lower in IGT (P < .05) and T2DM (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Obese adolescents with IGT have lowered fasting GLP-1 and glicentin levels. In T2DM, fasting glucagon levels are elevated, whereas GLP-1 and glicentin levels are maintained low. During OGTT, adolescents with obesity have more products of pancreatically than intestinally cleaved proglucagon (ie, more glucagon and less GLP-1) in the plasma. This shift becomes more pronounced when glucose tolerance deteriorates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology (H.M., J.S., L.M., H.K., J.C., R.S., P.B.), Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health (H.M., J.S., J.C., R.S., I.C., A.F.), Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Staaf
- Department of Medical Cell Biology (H.M., J.S., L.M., H.K., J.C., R.S., P.B.), Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health (H.M., J.S., J.C., R.S., I.C., A.F.), Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Levon Manukyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology (H.M., J.S., L.M., H.K., J.C., R.S., P.B.), Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health (H.M., J.S., J.C., R.S., I.C., A.F.), Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hjalti Kristinsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology (H.M., J.S., L.M., H.K., J.C., R.S., P.B.), Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health (H.M., J.S., J.C., R.S., I.C., A.F.), Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jing Cen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology (H.M., J.S., L.M., H.K., J.C., R.S., P.B.), Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health (H.M., J.S., J.C., R.S., I.C., A.F.), Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Medical Cell Biology (H.M., J.S., L.M., H.K., J.C., R.S., P.B.), Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health (H.M., J.S., J.C., R.S., I.C., A.F.), Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iris Ciba
- Department of Medical Cell Biology (H.M., J.S., L.M., H.K., J.C., R.S., P.B.), Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health (H.M., J.S., J.C., R.S., I.C., A.F.), Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Medical Cell Biology (H.M., J.S., L.M., H.K., J.C., R.S., P.B.), Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health (H.M., J.S., J.C., R.S., I.C., A.F.), Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology (H.M., J.S., L.M., H.K., J.C., R.S., P.B.), Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health (H.M., J.S., J.C., R.S., I.C., A.F.), Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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